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Mod3 IEE - vtu notes

Introduction to Electrical Engineering (Visvesvaraya Technological University)

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MODULE-3
DC MACHINES

MoTOR - An eletinal mauhine tat tewoto eleutial

Qnngy into meehanieal enqy:
mahaveal
ELE CTRiCAL NMACHINE - A dnie eih vewle
anengy into alutuiral enurye
TYPES oF DC MOTOR -Te ane t mnain
Dc motat
+Pesunenent wagt
shut Dc uotass
De Moteu
Cormpoud
ELECTRic GENERATOR (0R) ALTER NATOR - A geneatan uo ene
Asluieh cemet ehanial ngy unto altieal sugy. It
laus egg eletsemagnutie induetien,
Farodays las
werks n Faraday
FARADA V's LAw- nhaneen
hene aa conduuton uit maqucie flux,an
fre Cndwte1.
Rinedien onent
2

Flu

alvanemeton bMagnet
dt

e indud sf
N Nubeo g tons
hange in dme
cendten Aicto a
td in tae Conduta
intued Aawsn aa dewvent to flouo
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DC - MACHINES

An aeutual masine nto enegy rom one famto

into ltuual n
en the ethn hand t ento
wtko alled aa genraton ,t is alled as
into mehavinal
motan. DC Mahines
ELstial Mahns
- Ac Maehines

DC GENERAToR
A annatan uo ene ieh eto mehanual rgy into
t weks en
famaday's
magstis indutien.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
hun sil is alleed to helate in an wnipan
’ A single sped.
nagualie jld at a ewkaut
,A A t uil takes diggev fastons in the magntie istd
sith t loil ehanges and hane the maqtidu
the
indud in it aleo honges.
’when thu (atd
col is at
at partien I, the nati y hange ply
my ndutd Moimm, kos
vo mazimum beause. the
’ At'Pasitien 2, the us mayinum.

4whang 4 linkng.
’ This

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EmE
2
t’i

B- Magntie flux danil

tue cendtey
9

CONSTRUCTI0NAL DETALS:
she
The bc genenatan (ensist q yoke , Pole cae and pole
pele col, honatne , comelata , Bushs and pBeangg.
9

N
sPale coit
Pele shae
>shaft
Cemuletan
>Aounatune
Yeke

Fect

Yoke - t s made e1 maanstie matial. The main pupese

amatune and
yeke is to poleude suppat te tue
eg the
eld widing and aho to aroy ta magntie plne
fe pele.
ane made up of kast
iss made on
Pale cae and Pola shae - Pole
ast pole sloe
teel. the pole not eny sgpoutb He

pole coil bett elso spreae tue

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Both pole cae and pole shoe Jamirated to

Hedure tre Leddy duwwnt lass.
drum wsistig 4o
Anmakune - u is a yindialstel. the
The thiekness
Aineulan slamping eg silion O.5 mm
feem o.35 to
o.35
hlampin aies late tuem in the
anmatoe io to
’ The pepese 4 Low nelulane path
Magnetie field peeride a
ybndinal in shape and ensist
londutiity:loppersments cnltid
ere ancthnby a thin layen
The antien e conetata úo to enet tue AC

ndueed n te annatune into uç dinetienal ent

un the etnal uuit.
bowshes
Bushe - he
fovem te cemlate. The howshes ae made abor

- The beasiny ae fited nside tue louen and

(
thein panpas
to tue aumatse.

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ATU RE WINDINGs Oy tue

the alots
fhe anatul Conduu plaed in
tas ce plaed
Cendutay
ae not only insulated fem
aLmatwe, the lendutas the aniatue slot
ene anothey beut abo olhey eittan a
auL lenneeteed
anatwe tondltas
windiy
LOMMUTATO R geneatud
lemuny the atkevaling nf
Tlhe conmleta diwt uent vellage
windings inta
un the avmatue
in hape and s
is huilt
emulatan s ylindviaal
’ Tae made og handduawn aoppen
4 nudye shaped tegitfiremn ne another and uem the
wiuh ane insulthed
shalt by
AND BEAR ING5
SHAFT a pone
qnatune fisd to it,
de to hehiuh , tuu

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Numhen Bbwses eNumb B=
a(elae) A Ppats=
panilel Numbn
ef =A
eil othen te Bnen
the whnpeses, w
hohen
wINDING WAVE WINDINGn LAP
AND WINDIN BETWEEN
CAP DIFFERENCE
VWINDIN, WAVE
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STRUCTION oF Dc GnENERATORtihMsY
ENERATOR

Taouminale > Pole oil

Box
s Pele lave
Pola shae

Comulatan anl
G
Shaft
y Aoumatune

Base plat

mainly onsiutb twe patASA

’ A De genenata
The aationasy pant
slatienary pant and Aetating Pant.and
pnods & tonlat maqntie y tee
to eletiea n
Ac lemuta the meehial inengy
pasts
The slationany pat and-e hatating pant ane sepenated
by a lonsato ) Yoke an magniliepame,
oitk poe slae and pail ceil , Base plat
main pols alog wizth hoses and tebninal bov
dintiig eye , Bush box
nolding pact bonaiaa asumakoe , asmakoenindings,
terwmulata and Ahajt.
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ndig
YoKE oR MAG NETIC FRAMEMao

n smal gensna korrs, Voke io made er uat ion,

Whoneas
’ The yoke suppant te fild nd
.nagnatie iuuit.!
MAIN PoL ES, PoLE SHO ES AND
PoLE CoILS
’The main poles ane made oy an alloy
sbeed e lial
nlatin peneabilila.The pole aane o'lamineted to
udue addy wsnt dasses. The pales ane fixed tu
voke wit the the

Pole cene
Pole coil
>Pola shae
ARMATURE
The amatuse leeuts ed
asnatue cane and aunatse
windig The
Gd leus hessaoatwe
eou is mnade
silon sted high pemeahilit
wwauly 0. 4to 0i5mm thick.
amnatiens ,whih aoe
londutan
>Aranatuse slot
’humatne
>Shat
Meatilating duet
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AAT URE N)NDIN

WINDIN. Thene

hanay ap windng and wane winding

LAP WINDING - Lap wy aue
huqinement, te aumhen of hushus
nd deu welage
pales.
coil

NAVE WINDING- Nan

and low wsoent mahines It nesmee em

henee wane winding o suitabte fen
than ap widing Tep side ai! wmaltins
Anall gennatai. GP
oil

FP

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DHS

SHUNT oENER ATOR

Rsn LOND e
AA Ve

’ let Ta, Tsh ,I be auae , sht guld and doad

kuwata uputivalt
Let ka, Rsh Be be aumatune,shunt fld dnd laad
hesislanes neputivsy
A- AA - AunatuMe touninals
G- GunHakan , f-ff - shut field tenmineb
P- Load (pon ) in watt

kso; I - P
VL

Ish = VE
Ksh
(uunvoated emg = Ve t ta kat B.c.Dvoltbs
ecD Boush Comlaut dop in Vots
aumatne and fisld windigs ane enwcted
’ hohen
panallel aness te lead then the qinnatan úo
in
aled ahut genatan,

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sn SHUNT COMP0UND G1ENERATORASShs

Ish IL

LO AP
Rse
Rsh Tat A
(G)Ra
AA

Tse = I t Ish (an)

Ia

IL =PL VE
V

ISh = Vt
Rsh

Vet IaRa + Ia Beo + Bco Vots

E =
ús Ceweted onass te
tuio ,sht Aied winding
’ hn aatue and Als
senis lennbination g
SHORT SHUNT G1ENERATOR
Lh ILslv Da=Igh t Ish
Lse IL V R
f
Ih V t (Ise Rse)
LOnD Rsh
Lsh AA
BcD
ty= Ve t Iaka t Ioe Ree t
slunt ild windng is cenneehed enly
ess the amatue

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>tRIES 1ENERAORAhaAOno3hu
.cED P=N

Ise

Kse LOAD
Pe R VL
Ia A

Ra TAA
Let Ra, Rse Re be the amatue, senies isld nd lead
husiulanas napuay
Ia, Ise, I, be tae aematwe, seiks ield oad oad
Aumment
Let
hepertiaty
Ve =temina! valage
NP = oad (psn) in ats
A-AA Asunatune tesumnd
y- yy = Ais aild teuninatNN
Ta = Ise I=L
V
Grnsute emf Ea= Vt Ia Rat IaRse t BcD vots

with
when tu fid
theasnate windng t úo aled
n Boies

AA

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EME ExPRESSION:

et ; P Numben e polbs
= Fluy fole en hehe
Speed 4 annatue in RPM
N= RPs
matwne in
N speed q anate enductes
bo

e
panalel patts he anatoe
- Nunb panallelpath
ndnd in
d
genatd fnduta Tdt
nf ene. oNelutien d)
fendutan duing
aota =xP welken.
Flux ud
pu seeend
rvoutiens bo

Namben 9uNelutiendt)
ass19dutiey be BecuAs
Lime fn elutaunasndiedndution
to
keuavding lendwcta
dý
dt bolN
Vetts

ene patttag
n
Nurleeno londkan
aumatwne
=pPN VAlts.
bo A

Amg gensahed/path = fzNP yolts

box

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ERI
X
A
boxp

'. E i the EMF aquatinn

TYPES OF GENERATORS:
bunatans coe lassfic aanding to te mannn in
ohih taein fielee
Asceited g2nnaten
* Bty aneikedqnnateo
TVPES OF GENERATOR

SERARATELY EKcITED SELF ExcITED

SHUNT SERES LOMPUND

LONG SHUNT SHORT SHUNT

SEPARATELY ExcItED- A Jited pC qeneratan us

the u! supplizd by an indapen-
dent cta DC sewe (lke a
eweikd by a reut frenn
sepaiut eeited
SELF ExcItED - The one wohene field wnding
the genatan iksel.

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pC otes n which the amate anel field

ae. enetdàn paalel.
windip inn whih tae field winling s
wheh the
SERIES - Tue ene
in ta berie with tha amnatwu wineling.
loneted
podued bey fae sht as
coMPOUND-The pild s
windig
LONG SHUNT- whuoe. the shunt fied uiing
and amae
winoling
paalle with bott Beies
SSHORT SHUNT- Ln wh enly shunt file
winding o
in panallel ith te amatse wiading

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MOTOR
into
mehal. t úo sinilay in lonhutins to a p
etan Aan be sed as a De
qnenato. Henee a b.c
eenatan and ve- Wosa.
WoRKINo PAINGIPLE- A be motan warks en the psiniple
that shenen a wvt Aasyeng ondutan úo plaed in
thu ditiog
a magnti fild , it anpurienmç a fon!kand
fae an by jlaming's gt sule.
FLEMINGs LEFT H
AND RULE:
t sates that" when th thumbfan ing and the
middle Aingn the lst hand a held
hand ane held ietually
dietiom the vaqndie aild, the middledinutin
tue woint, then the the
the dinutien g
indiates the dinetien g the
thunt
the conductas.
Aioilanihies betwun Dc motasu and Dc qenoatau.
both Hulay
ndutiem.
wie
both enain ceo maqods
and thay betth Kane
hateding pait

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 vanableshunit
a tln FLUX Ish
ARMATURE
htehe binethe ’
Conta! aEss the
amate CONTROLED
M
M ’
TROL
CON Aunahune
the
diuit. VCONTROL
Aesistou fild vaiationRe.
matan,
peud husislane OF
Reuvt wowet tenfaneand thviable
atis In METHOD DC
un
Aae MoTO
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sies tn buies letel DN

bean
. -
te the SHON
entualled
coneting
with bey fieldnesista

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ped
us Re
Aan
ahatfid diatly s
be put
(ontelled lenneted un
he
the.
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AR MAURE cONTROL METHop - SERIES

Ise

’ h this ase
He vdoiaien
te e the amatwe ieutulane.
voclege doop un Re ucus te velage
The
asumatwu,and taafae cthe Aped
FLVX cONTROL
Ise

M V

Te lwy Contal ekod is kaset on the pniiple that by

’
the
mathot d uaiable usistane
In thi ao
Bies hitt
Aaad hield nhestat ws (enneted an M)

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