A)Navigating the Windows operating system involves using various tools,

shortcuts, and features to move around the interface, access files and programs,
and perform tasks.

Procedure:
1. Desktop: The Windows Desktop is the main screen you see when you start
your computer. You can access various elements from here:

❖ Icons: Double-click on icons to open files, folders, or programs.

❖ Taskbar: The taskbar at the bottom of the screen contains the

Start button, open applications, and system tray icons. Click the
Start button to access the Start menu.

2. Start Menu:

❖ Click the Start button in the taskbar to open the Start menu.

❖ From the Start menu, you can access frequently used programs,
search for applications, access settings, and more.

3. File Explorer:

❖ To explore your files and folders, open File Explorer. You can do
this by pressing Win + E or clicking the File Explorer icon on the
taskbar.

❖ Use the left sidebar to navigate through different drives and

folders.

❖ Double-click on folders to open them and view their contents.

4. Keyboard Shortcuts:

❖ Windows key (Win): Opens the Start menu or the Start screen,
depending on your version of Windows.

❖ Alt + Tab: Switch between open applications.

❖ Ctrl + Esc: Opens the Start menu.

❖ Win + D: Show the desktop (minimize or restore all open

windows).

❖ Win + L: Lock your computer.

5. Task View:

❖ In Windows 10 and later versions, you can use Task View by pressing
Win + Tab to view and switch between open windows and virtual
desktops.

6. Notification Center:

❖ Click the notification icon in the system tray (bottom right) to open
the Notification Center. It displays notifications and quick access to
system settings.

7. System Settings:

❖ Access system settings by clicking the gear-shaped icon in the Start

menu or pressing Win + I.

❖ Here, you can adjust various settings related to your computer,

including display, network, updates, and more.

8. Search:

❖ Use the search bar in the taskbar to search for files, folders,
applications, and settings.

❖ Press Win + S to open the search bar quickly.

9. Context Menus:

❖ Right-clicking on files, folders, or desktop icons opens context menus

with various options for those items.

10. Keyboard Navigation:s

❖ Use the arrow keys, Enter, Tab, and Esc keys to navigate through
windows, dialog boxes, and menus.
 B) Using a web browser is a fundamental part of computer and internet usage.
Here's a basic procedure for using web browsers like Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, Microsoft Edge, or any other modern browser:

Procedure:

1. Launch the Browser:

❖ Click on the browser's icon on your desktop or taskbar. Alternatively,

you can use the Start menu to find and open the browser.

2. Navigate to a Website:

❖ In the browser's address bar (usually located at the top), type the
web address (URL) of the website you want to visit, e.g.,
"https://www.example.com".

❖ Press Enter or click the "Go" button to load the website.

3. Basic Navigation:

❖ Once the website loads, you can use the following controls:

❖ Back and Forward: Use the back and forward buttons (or Alt + Left
Arrow and Alt + Right Arrow keyboard shortcuts) to navigate
between previously visited pages.

❖ Reload: Click the refresh button (circular arrow) to reload the

current page.

❖ Home Page: Click the home button (house icon) to return to your
browser's homepage.

4. Tabs:

❖ Browsers allow you to open multiple tabs. To open a new tab, click
the plus (+) icon next to the current tab or use the Ctrl + T keyboard
shortcut (Cmd + T on Mac).

❖ You can switch between tabs by clicking on them or using Ctrl + Tab
(Cmd + Tab on Mac) to cycle through open tabs.

5. Bookmarks:
 ❖ Save your favorite websites for quick access by bookmarking them.
To bookmark a page, click the star icon in the address bar and
choose a bookmark folder or location.

❖ Access your bookmarks by clicking the bookmark icon or pressing

Ctrl + Shift + B (Cmd + Shift + B on Mac).

6. Search:

❖ Use the search bar in the browser to perform web searches. Type
your search query and press Enter.

❖ Most browsers support various search engines, and you can change
your default search engine in settings.

7. Settings and Extensions:

❖ Customize your browsing experience by accessing the browser's

settings. This is typically done by clicking on the three -dot menu icon
(or similar) in the top-right corner and selecting "Settings."

❖ You can also enhance your browser's functionality by installing

extensions or add-ons. These can provide additional features and
tools.

8. Security and Privacy:

❖ Browsers often have built -in security features, such as pop-up

blockers and malware protection.

❖ Manage your privacy settings, including cookies, tracking, and

browser history, in the browser's settings.

9. Downloads:

❖ When you download files from the internet, they are usually stored in
a designated folder. You can access your downloads by clicking the
download icon or using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + J (Cmd + J on
Mac).

10. Exiting the Browser:

❖ To close the browser, click the "X" icon in the top -right corner of the
browser window or use the keyboard shortcut Alt + F4 (Cmd + Q on
Mac).
c) Using a search engine effectively involves following a few simple steps to find
the information you're looking for. Here's a basic procedure for using search
engines:

Open a Web Browser:

❖ Launch your preferred web browser, such as Google Chrome, Mozilla

Firefox, Safari, or Microsoft Edge.

1) Navigate to a Search Engine:

❖ In the address bar, type the URL of a popular search engine like
Google (www.google.com), Bing (www.bing.com), Yahoo
(www.yahoo.com), or DuckDuckGo (www.duckduckgo.com).

2) Enter Your Query:

❖ Click on the search bar on the search engine's homepage.

❖ Type in the keywords or phrases that describe what you're looking

for. Be specific and concise.

3) Review Search Results:

❖ After pressing "Enter" or clicking the search icon, you'll see a list of
search results on the search engine results page (SERP).

❖ The results will include web pages, images, videos, news articles, and
other content related to your query.

4) Refine Your Search:

❖ If you get too many irrelevant results, consider refining your search
by adding more keywords or using specific search operators (e.g.,
"AND," "OR," "-") to narrow down the results.
5) Click on Search Results:

❖ Click on a search result that seems promising to access the webpage

with the information you need.

6) Evaluate the Source:

❖ Examine the website or source you've clicked on to assess its

credibility and relevance. Look for trustworthy sources like official
websites, academic institutions, and reputable news outlets.

7) Use Descriptive Keywords:

❖ If your initial search didn't yield relevant results, try different

combinations of keywords to refine your query.

8) Use Advanced Search Features:

❖ Most search engines offer advanced search features like filters, date
ranges, and specialized search options. Explore these features to find
more specific information.

9) Bookmark or Save Useful Pages:

❖ If you find a webpage with valuable information, consider

bookmarking it in your browser or saving it for later reference.

10) Avoid Plagiarism:

❖ If you're using information from a website in your work, be sure to

cite your sources properly to avoid plagiarism.

11) Use Search Tools:

 ❖ Some search engines provide additional tools like Google Scholar for
academic research or Google Maps for location -based searches.
Explore these tools if they are relevant to your search.

12) Be Mindful of Privacy:

❖ Keep in mind that search engines may track your searches and
collect data. You can use privacy -focused search engines if you're
concerned about privacy.

13) Stay Informed:

❖ Stay updated on how search engines evolve and adapt their

algorithms. This can help you become a more efficient searcher.

14) Learn Boolean Operators:

❖ Understanding Boolean operators like "AND," "OR," and "NOT" can

help you create more advanced search queries.

Exno 2

Creating a document with basic editing, formatting, tables, equations, hyperlinks,

and pictures can be done using a word processing software like Microsoft Word,
Google Docs, or similar applications. Here's a procedure using Microsoft Word as
an example:

Creating a Document with Basic Editing, Formatting, Tables, Equations,

Hyperlinks, and Pictures

1) Open Microsoft Word:

❖ Launch Microsoft Word on your computer. You can typically find it in the
Start menu or by searching for "Word."

2) Create a New Document:

❖ Click on "Blank Document" to start a new document.

3) Basic Text Editing:

 ❖ Type your document's content. You can use the keyboard to type text and
use basic editing commands like cut (Ctrl + X), copy (Ctrl + C), paste (Ctrl +
V), undo (Ctrl + Z), and redo (Ctrl + Y) for text manipulation.

4) Formatting Options:

❖ Select the text you want to format (e.g., by highlighting it with the mouse).

❖ Use the formatting toolbar to apply formatting options such as font size,
font style, bold, italic, underline, text color, and alignment.

5) Insert a Table:

❖ To add a table, click on the "Insert" tab and select "Table."

❖ Specify the number of rows and columns you want in your table.

6) Equations:

❖ For mathematical equations, go to the "Insert" tab and click on "Equation."

❖ Use the equation editor to create and format mathematical equations.

7) Hyperlinks:

❖ Highlight the text or object (e.g., an image) you want to link.

❖ Click on the "Insert" tab and select "Hyperlink."

❖ Enter the URL or web address you want to link to and click "OK."

8) Insert Pictures:

❖ To add pictures, click on the "Insert" tab and select "Pictures."

❖ Browse your computer for the image you want to insert, select it, and click
"Insert."

9) Formatting Pictures:

❖ After inserting a picture, you can format it by resizing, cropping, rotating,

or applying various styles and effects. Right -click on the picture and choose
"Format Picture."

10) Save Your Document:

• Click the "File" tab and select "Save" to save your document. Choose a
location on your computer and give your document a name.

11. Editing and Proofreading:

• Review your document for errors in spelling, grammar, and formatting. Use
the built-in spelling and grammar checkers.

12. Printing Your Document (Optional):

• To print your document, click on the "File" tab, select "Print," and
configure the print settings as needed.

13. Saving in Other Formats (Optional):

• If you need to share your document in a different format (e.g., PDF), you
can save it in various file formats using the "Save As" option under the "File" tab.

14. Closing the Document and Application:

• Once you've completed your document, you can close it by clicking the "X"
button in the top-right corner of the application window.

This procedure outlines the steps for creating a document with various elements
in Microsoft Word. The steps may vary slightly if you are using a different word
processing application, but the general principles of text editing, formatting, and
inserting elements remain consistent

Ex no 3

Creating a standard covering letter, using mail merge to generate customized

letters, and generating labels with a database typically involves using software
like Microsoft Word and Excel. Here's a step -by-step procedure for this process:

1) Creating a Standard Covering Letter:

❖ Open Microsoft Word:

❖ Launch Microsoft Word on your computer.

❖ Create a New Document:

❖ Click on "Blank Document" to start a new document.

❖ Design Your Standard Covering Letter:

 ❖ Format and design your standard covering letter with your
company letterhead, address, date, and other fixed content.

❖ Insert Mail Merge Fields:

❖ To insert fields that will be customized for each recipient, go to

the "Mailings" tab.

❖ Click "Insert Merge Field" to add placeholders for recipient -

specific information, such as name and address. These fields will
be replaced during the mail merge.

❖ Save Your Standard Letter:

❖ Save your standard letter with a clear filename to easily access it

later.

2) Creating a Database:

❖ Open Microsoft Excel:

❖ Launch Microsoft Excel.

❖ Create a New Workbook:

❖ Click on "Blank Workbook" to start a new spreadsheet.

❖ Enter Data:

❖ Create columns for each type of data you want to include in your
letters (e.g., First Name, Last Name, Address, etc.).

❖ Enter the data for each recipient in the rows below the column
headers.

❖ Save Your Database:

❖ Save your Excel spreadsheet with a meaningful name and

remember its location.

3) Performing the Mail Merge:

❖ Return to Microsoft Word:

❖ Go back to your Microsoft Word document with the standard

covering letter.
 ❖ Initiate Mail Merge:

❖ Go to the "Mailings" tab and select "Start Mail Merge."

❖ Choose the type of document you want to create. In this case,

select "Letters."

❖ Select Recipients:

❖ Click "Select Recipients" and choose "Use an Existing List."

❖ Browse and select your Excel database file.

❖ Insert Merge Fields:

❖ Insert the merge fields (placeholders) you created earlier in your

standard letter where you want the customized information to
appear.

❖ Use the "Insert Merge Field" button to add fields from your Excel
database.

❖ Preview and Complete the Merge:

❖ Click "Preview Results" to ensure that the merge fields match the
data in your database.

❖ Use the navigation arrows to review each letter.

❖ Complete the Merge:

❖ Once you're satisfied, click "Finish & Merge" and choose "Edit
Individual Documents."

❖ In the dialog box, select "All" to generate letters for all recipients.

❖ Click "OK."

❖ Save or Print the Merged Letters:

❖ You can either save the merged letters as separate documents or

directly print them.

4) Generating Labels:

❖ Return to Microsoft Word:

 ❖ Go back to Microsoft Word, but this time open a new document.

❖ Initiate Mail Merge for Labels:

❖ Go to the "Mailings" tab and select "Start Mail Merge."

❖ Choose the type of document you want to create. In this case,

select "Labels."

❖ Select Recipients:

❖ Click "Select Recipients" and choose "Use an Existing List."

❖ Browse and select your Excel database file.

❖ Insert Merge Fields:

❖ Insert the merge fields (placeholders) for the label content.

❖ Preview and Complete the Merge:

❖ Click "Preview Results" to ensure the merge fields match your

database.

❖ Click "Finish & Merge," then "Print Documents."

❖ Configure Label Printing Options:

❖ Configure label settings based on your label paper type and

printer specifications.

❖ Click "OK" to start the label printing process.

Ex no 4

Aim:

To Creating and handling data in Excel involves several steps, including creating
a spreadsheet, formatting data, and performing calculations using formulas and
functions. Here's a step-by-step procedure for each of these tasks:

Procedure:

Creating a Spreadsheet in Excel:

❖ Open Excel: Launch Microsoft Excel on your computer.

 ❖ Choose a Template (Optional): Excel offers various templates for
different types of spreadsheets. You can choose a template or start
with a blank workbook.

❖ Entering Data: Click on a cell and start typing to enter data. You
can navigate through cells using the arrow keys or your mouse.

❖ Naming the Spreadsheet (Optional): You can name your spreadsheet

by clicking on the default name (e.g., "Sheet1") at the bottom of the
Excel window and entering a new name.

Handling Data in Excel:

❖ Selecting Data: To select a cell or a range of cells, click on the cell,

or click and drag to select multiple cells.

❖ Copying and Pasting Data: Use the "Copy" (Ctrl+C) and "Paste"
(Ctrl+V) commands to duplicate data within the spreadsheet.

❖ Cutting and Moving Data: Use the "Cut" (Ctrl+X) and "Paste"
(Ctrl+V) commands to move data within the spreadsheet.

❖ Deleting Data: Select the data you want to delete and press the
"Delete" key.

❖ Undo and Redo: You can undo changes (Ctrl+Z) and redo them
(Ctrl+Y) using keyboard shortcuts.
Formatting Data in Excel:

❖ Formatting Cells: Right -click on a cell or range of cells and choose

"Format Cells" to change the number format, font, alignment, and
other formatting options.

❖ Applying Borders and Shading: Select cells, go to the "Home" tab,

and use the "Border" and "Fill Color" options to add borders or
background color.

❖ AutoFormatting: Use Excel's built -in cell formatting styles for

headers, currency, percentages, dates, etc., from the "Cell Styles"
dropdown in the "Home" tab.

❖ Freezing Panes: You can freeze rows or columns to keep headers

visible while scrolling. Go to the "View" tab and use the "Freeze
Panes" option.

Calculations Using Formulas and Functions in Excel:

❖ Entering Formulas: To perform calculations, click on a cell and

start with the equals sign (=). For example, "=A1+B1" adds the
values in cells A1 and B1.

❖ Using Functions: Excel has a wide range of built -in functions like
SUM, AVERAGE, IF, VLOOKUP, and more. You can use them by
typing the function name followed by parentheses (e.g.,
"=SUM(A1:A5)").
 ❖ References: Excel uses cell references like A1, B2, etc., in
formulas. You can use relative references (e.g., A1), absolute
references (e.g., $A$1), or mixed references (e.g., $A1 or A$1) as
needed.

❖ AutoFill: Excel can automatically fill a series or pattern of data.

Drag the fill handle (a small square at the bottom -right of a
selected cell) to populate adjacent cells.

❖ Error Handling: Excel provides error checking and correction

suggestions for formula errors. Review and correct any errors
that appear.

❖ Named Ranges: You can name a range of cells to make formulas

more readable and maintainable. Use the "Define Name" option
in the "Formulas" tab.

Ex no5

Aim

Excel involves various tasks, including sorting data, filtering data, creating
different charts, and managing printing and print preview. Here's a step -by-step
procedure for each of these tasks:

Sorting Data in Excel:

❖ Select Data: Click on the cell in the column you want to sort by
or select the range of cells containing the data you want to sort.

❖ Sorting Options:

❖ Ascending Order: Click the "A to Z" button in the "Data" tab to
sort data in ascending order (smallest to largest).
 ❖ Descending Order: Click the "Z to A" button in the "Data" tab to
sort data in descending order (largest to smallest).

❖ Custom Sort: For more complex sorting, you can use the "Sort"
dialog box in the "Data" tab to specify multiple sorting criteria
and options.

Filtering Data in Excel:

❖ Select Data: Click on a cell within the range of data you want to
filter.

❖ Apply Filter: Go to the "Data" tab and click on the "Filter"

button. This adds filter arrows to the column headers.

❖ Filter Data: Click on the filter arrow in the column you want to
filter and select the criteria you want to apply. You can use
multiple filters simultaneously.

❖ Clear Filters: To remove filters, click the filter arrow and

choose "Clear Filter."

Creating Different Charts in Excel:

❖ Select Data: Highlight the data range you want to use for your
chart.

❖ Insert Chart: Go to the "Insert" tab and click on the chart type
you want to create (e.g., bar chart, pie chart, line chart, etc.).
 ❖ Customize Chart: Excel will insert a chart with default settings.
You can customize it by right -clicking various elements (e.g.,
titles, axis labels) and selecting "Format" or "Chart Elements."

❖ Change Chart Type: You can change the chart type at any time
by selecting the chart and going to the "Design" tab, then
clicking "Change Chart Type."

Printing and Print Preview in Excel:

Preview Before Printing:

❖ Click the "File" tab and select "Print" to see a preview of the
document.

❖ Adjust settings like page orientation, margins, and the number

of copies as needed.

Page Setup:

❖ Click "Page Setup" in the print preview to set page layout

options, including margins, page size, and orientation.

Print Area (Optional):

❖ Define a specific print area by selecting the cells you want to

print, going to the "Page Layout" tab, and clicking "Print
Area" > "Set Print Area."

Print: Click the "Print" button in the print preview to send the document to the
printer.

Print to PDF (Optional):

 ❖ If you want to save the document as a PDF, choose "Microsoft
Print to PDF" or a PDF printer from the printer list.

Adjust Scaling (Optional):

❖ You can scale the content to fit on one page or across multiple
pages using the "Scaling" options in Page Setup.

Exno 6

Aim:

To create power point presentation and insert picture clip art,animation,slide

numer,date ,shaps

PROCEDURE:

To start Power point:

(i) Click Start->all programs->Microsoft office->Microsoft PowerPoint 2010.

(ii) Choose the type of the slide(Title, Blank, Comparison)

(iii) Type the content of theslide.

(iv) To add the new slide, click Home -> new slide.

(v) A dropdown menu appears on the screen choose the type of the slide.

(vi) Select the font type and font size from the Home menu and enter the title of the
presentation as “DIESEL ENGINE”.

To set background themes , Header and Footer, Font and Paragraph :

(i) Click -> Design -> Themes to set the background theme for the slides in the
presentation.

(ii) Select Title slide option and enter the

content as Types of Engine

Thermal engines

Internal combustion engines Combustion engines Reaction engines

Physical engines

(ii) Insert next slide, Select content with caption option and click to add title and
type the title then press enter.

(iv) Engine by selecting appropriate picture and font size.

(v) Click -> Insert -> Header and Footer -> set the header and Footercontent.

(vi) Click -> Home -> set the Font face,Font Size, Font Color theme for the slides in
the presentation.

To insert clipart:

(i) Click -> “insert” -> Clip art to add picture in theslide.

(ii) Enter the keyword in the search bar and click go.

(iii) The content of the text is added in the click to add text on the lower side of the
window.

(iv) By clicking the clipart image we can insert them.

(v) To animate the picture, click Animations -> custom animation.

(vi) Select the photo or clipart to add custom animation in the slide.

(vii) Click Add effect to select the required animation effect with preview.

(viii) Add more slides by using these steps.

To view slideshow:

(i) Save the presentation and click -> view -> Slide show (or) press F5 key.

(ii) By scrolling the mouse or using arrow keys from keyboard, slides can beviewed.

(iii) Press Esc key to end the slideshow

Exno7

Aim:

To create Designing with Canva and Figma involves different procedures, as these are
two distinct design tools. Canva is a user -friendly online design platform suitable for a
wide range of design needs, while Figma is a more robust design and prototyping tool
often used for interface and us er experience (UI/UX) design. Here are procedures for
designing with both tools:

Designing with Canva:

Access Canva:

❖ Visit the Canva website (www.canva.com) and log in or sign up for

an account.

❖ Choose a Template:

❖ Start by selecting a template or creating a custom canvas with

specific dimensions.

❖ Design Elements:

❖ Add design elements to your canvas, such as text, images,

illustrations, icons, and shapes.

❖ Customize these elements by resizing, rotating, and changing

colors.

Background and Layout:

 ❖ Adjust the background color or image as needed.

❖ Organize and align your design elements to create a visually pleasing layout.

Text and Typography:

❖ Customize text by selecting fonts, adjusting font size, line spacing, and text
alignment.

❖ Apply various text effects like bold, italic, and underline.

Graphics and Images:

❖ Upload your images or choose from Canva's extensive library.

❖ Crop, resize, and apply filters or effects to images as necessary.

Templates and Elements:

❖ Canva offers templates and design elements specific to various projects (e.g.,
social media posts, flyers, presentations). Utilize these resources for inspiration.

Downloading and Sharing:

❖ Once your design is complete, click "Download" to save it to your computer in

various formats (e.g., PNG, JPEG, PDF).

❖ You can also share your design directly from Canva, collaborate with team
members, or publish it online.

Designing with Figma:

Access Figma:

❖ Go to the Figma website (www.figma.com) and sign in or create an account.

Create a New Project:

 ❖ Start a new project by clicking the "+ New File" button.

❖ Choose the canvas size or template for your project (e.g., mobile app, website
design).

Design Canvas:

❖ Use the Figma interface to add and manipulate design elements like shapes, text,
and images.

❖ Organize your canvas using frames, layers, and artboards.

Vector Graphics:

❖ Figma excels in vector design. Create and edit vector shapes using the drawing
tools and the pen tool.

❖ Apply fills, strokes, and gradients to shapes.

Text and Typography:

❖ Add and format text layers using various fonts, font sizes, line heights, and letter
spacing.

❖ Apply text effects and styles.

Prototyping (Optional):

❖ Figma is known for its prototyping capabilities. You can create interactive
prototypes by linking frames and adding transitions.

❖ Test your design's usability and user flow.

Sharing and Collaboration:

❖ Collaborate with team members by sharing your Figma project. Multiple users
can work on the same project simultaneously.

❖ Share a link for viewing or editing permissions.

Export and Handoff:

❖ Export design assets, screens, or the entire project for development by

developers. Figma simplifies the design -to-code process.

❖ Use Figma's design specs to provide detailed design information for developers.

Exno 8

1. Schedule a Meeting in Google Calendar:

Access Google Calendar:

❖ Open your web browser and go to Google Calendar

(www.calendar.google.com).

❖ Sign in with your Google account credentials.

Create an Event:

❖ In the left-hand panel, click the "+ Create" button or click on a specific date
and time on the calendar grid.

Event Details:

❖ Enter the event title in the "Event name" field.

❖ Set the date and time for the meeting.

❖ Choose the time zone.

Add Participants:

❖ In the "Add guests" field, enter the email addresses of the people you want
to invite to the meeting.
 ❖ You can also set a location for the meeting.

Notification and Reminders:

❖ Configure notification and reminder settings to ensure participants are

notified of the meeting.

❖ You can set multiple reminders, such as email notifications or pop -up
reminders.

Event Description and Attachments:

❖ Add a description of the meeting in the "Description" field.

❖ Attach any relevant documents or links.

Save the Event:

❖ Click the "Save" button to schedule the meeting.

❖ Invitations will be sent to the participants, and the event will be added to
your calendar.

2. Create a Gmail Account:

❖ Access the Gmail Signup Page:

❖ Go to the Gmail signup page (www.gmail.com).

Fill Out the Signup Form:

❖ Provide your personal information, including your first and last name,
desired email address, and password.

Confirm Password and Security:

 ❖ Confirm your password to ensure accuracy.

❖ Set up account recovery options like a recovery email and phone number
for added security.

Privacy and Terms:

❖ Read Google's Privacy and Terms, then click "Next."

❖ Personalize Your Account (Optional):

❖ Customize your Gmail profile by adding a profile picture and personal

information.

Welcome to Gmail:

❖ Your Gmail account is now created and ready to use.

3. Collection of Students' Biodata in Google Sheets:

Access Google Sheets:

❖ Open your web browser and go to Google Sheets (www.sheets.google.com).

❖ Sign in with your Google account if you're not already signed in.

Create a New Spreadsheet:

❖ Click the "+ Blank" option to start a new spreadsheet.

Data Entry:
 ❖ In the spreadsheet, create columns for the students' biodata, such as
"Name," "DOB," "Address," "Contact Info," etc.

❖ Start entering the students' information row by row.

Data Formatting (Optional):

❖ Format the data as needed, such as setting date formats, applying cell
borders, or adjusting column widths.

Sharing and Collaboration (Optional):

❖ Share the Google Sheet with other users if you want them to collaborate or
enter data.

Saving Data:

❖ Google Sheets automatically saves your data as you enter it.

Export or Print (Optional):

❖ If you need a physical copy or want to export the data, you can do so by
clicking "File" > "Download" or "File" > "Print."

Exno:9

Hosting a Video Conference:

Access Google Meet:

❖ Open your web browser and go to Google Meet (meet.google.com).

❖ Sign In:
 ❖ Sign in with your Google account. If you don't have one, you can create one.

❖ Start a Meeting:

❖ Once signed in, click on the "New meeting" button. You'll have the option to
schedule a meeting for a future date or start a meeting immediately.

Configure Meeting Settings (Optional):

❖ If you're scheduling a future meeting, you can configure settings such as

the date, time, duration, and other options.

❖ For an immediate meeting, you can skip this step.

Join the Meeting:

❖ Click the "Join now" button to start the meeting immediately.

❖ If you're scheduling a future meeting, you'll need to click "Save" after

configuring the settings and then click "Join now" when it's time for the
meeting.

Invite Participants:

❖ Share the meeting link or code with participants via email, calendar
invitations, or by copying and pasting the meeting link.

Start the Meeting:

❖ Click the "Present" button to share your screen or application if needed.

❖ Click the "Turn on captions" button for automatic captions (if available).

Manage the Meeting:

 ❖ Use the meeting controls at the bottom of the screen to manage
participants, mute/unmute yourself, turn on/off your camera, and share
your screen.

End the Meeting:

❖ To end the meeting, click the red "End call" button.

Joining a Video Conference:

Meeting Invitation:

❖ If you've been invited to a Google Meet conference, you'll typically receive

an email invitation with a link to join the meeting.

Click the Meeting Link:

❖ Click on the meeting link in the email invitation or calendar event.

Join the Meeting:

❖ If you're not signed in to your Google account, you'll be prompted to sign

in. If you don't have a Google account, you can still join as a guest by
entering your name.

Join the Meeting:

❖ Click the "Join now" button to enter the meeting.

Participate in the Meeting:

 ❖ Once in the meeting, you can use the meeting controls to interact with
participants, turn on your camera and microphone, and share your screen
if necessary.

Leave the Meeting:

❖ To leave the meeting, click the red "Leave call" button.

Exno 10

Password Protection for Sheets:

Open Google Sheets:

Open your web browser and go to Google Sheets (sheets.google.com).

Sign in to your Google account if you're not already logged in.

Open the Sheet to Protect:

Click on the sheet you want to protect, or create a new one.

Protect the Sheet:

Click on "Data" in the top menu, then select "Protect sheets and ranges."

Set Permissions:

In the right panel, you'll see a list of sheets. Click on the sheet you want to
protect.

Under "Set Permissions," select "Only you" to restrict access to the sheet to
yourself.

Set a Password (Optional):

You can also set a password for the sheet. To do this, click on the "Set a
password" option and enter the desired password. Confirm it.

Save Permissions:

Click the "Set Permissions" button to save the settings.

Enter the Password (If Set):

If you set a password, you'll need to enter it each time you try to access the
protected sheet.

Please note that password protection in Google Sheets is a basic form of security
and may not be suitable for highly sensitive data. If you require more robust
security, consider other options like encrypting your data or using a document
management system.

Managing Sharing Permissions in Google Drive:

Open Google Drive:

Go to Google Drive (drive.google.com) in your web browser.

Sign in to your Google account if not already signed in.

Locate the File or Folder:

Find the file or folder you want to share and select it.

Share the File or Folder:

Click the "Share" button (represented by a person with a plus sign) at the top of
the page or right-click on the file/folder and select "Share."

Set Sharing Permissions:

In the "Share with people and groups" window that appears:

Enter the email addresses of the people you want to share with.

Choose their permission level: Viewer, Commenter, or Editor.

You can also set whether they can view, comment, or edit the document.

Add a message (optional).

Advanced Sharing Settings (Optional):

Click on the gear icon ( ⚙️ ) to access advanced sharing settings. Here, you can
control link sharing settings, disable downloading, and more.

Send Invitations:

Click the "Send" button to send invitations to the selected individuals. They will
receive an email invitation to access the file or folder.

Manage Permissions:

To manage or change sharing permissions, click the "Advanced" link at the

bottom of the sharing window.

Remove or Change Permissions:

In the "Advanced" section, you can remove users, change their permissions, or
adjust link sharing settings.