CH 5

PHP

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• 5.1. Installing and Configuring PHP
• 5.2. Introduction
• 5.2.1. PHP and the Web Server Architecture, PHP Capabilities
• 5.2.2. PHP and HTTP Environment Variables
• 5.2.3. Variables
• 5.2.4. Constants
• 5.2.5. Data Types
• 5.2.6. Operators
• 5.2.7. Working with Arrays
• 5.3. Decision Making, Flow Control and Loops
• 5.4. Introduction to Laravel
• 5.5. Creating a Dynamic HTML Form with PHP
• 5.6. Database Connectivity with MySQL
• 5.6.1. Performing basic database operations (CRUD)
• 5.7. Using GET, POST, REQUEST, SESSION,and COOKIE Variables

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 Introduction
• PHP was originally an acronym for Personal Home
Pages.
• Now a recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor.
• PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but
appeared in the market in 1995.
• Latest version of PHP is PHP 8.1. 19 Released! 11 May
2023.
• PHP is neither real programming language .
• PHP is a general-purpose scripting language widely
used as a server-side language for creating dynamic
web pages.
• Though its reputation is mixed, PHP is still extremely
popular and is used in over 75% of all websites where
the server-side programming
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language is known. 3
• PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor.
• PHP is an interpreted language, i.e., there is no
need for compilation.
• PHP is faster than other scripting languages, for
example, ASP and JSP.
• PHP is a server-side scripting language, which is
used to manage the dynamic content of the
website.
• PHP can be embedded into HTML.
• PHP is an object-oriented language.
• PHP is an open-source scripting language.
• PHP is simple and easy to learn language.
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PHP Features

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• Performance:
• PHP script is executed much faster than those scripts which
are written in other languages such as JSP and ASP.
• Open Source:
• PHP source code and software are freely available on the
web.
• Familiarity with syntax:
• PHP has easily understandable syntax. Programmers are
comfortable coding with it.
• Embedded:
• PHP code can be easily embedded within HTML tags and
script.
• Platform Independent:
• PHP is available for WINDOWS, MAC, LINUX & UNIX
operating system.

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• Database Support:
• PHP supports all the leading databases such as MySQL,
SQLite, ODBC, etc.
• Error Reporting -
• PHP has predefined error reporting constants to
generate an error notice or warning at runtime. E.g.,
E_ERROR, E_WARNING, E_STRICT, E_PARSE.
• Loosely Typed Language:
• PHP allows us to use a variable without declaring its
datatype.
• Web servers Support:
• PHP is compatible with almost all local servers used
today like Apache, Netscape, Microsoft IIS, etc.
• Security:
• PHP is a secure language to develop the website
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• Control:
• Different programming languages require long
script or code, whereas PHP can do the same
work in a few lines of code

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 Lexical structure
• The lexical structure of a programming language is the
set of basic rules that governs how you write programs
in that language.
• Case Sensitivity:
• PHP is case sensitive language.
• Names of user defined classes and functions, built in
constructs and keywords are case insensitive but
variables are case sensitive.
• Ex.
• Echo(“hello”)
• echo(“hello”)
• ECHO(“hello”) all three statements are same
• But variable name $name and $NAME are different

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 – Statements and semicolons:
–A statement is a collection of PHP code that does
something.
– PHP uses semicolon(;) to separate statements.
–Comments
–All comments in PHP follow the # character.
–Ex.
–<?php
–#This is comment
–// single line comment
–/* This is multiline comment */
–?>

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 Define a variable
• A variable has a name and is associated with a
value. To define a variable, you use the following
syntax:
• $variable_name = value;
• When defining a variable, you need to follow
these rules:
– The variable name must start with the dollar sign ($).
– The first character after the dollar sign ( $) must be a
letter (a-z) or the underscore ( _ ).
– The remaining characters can be underscores, letters,
or numbers.

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• PHP variables are case-sensitive. It means
that $message and $Message variables are
entirely different.
• Ex.
• <?php
• $title = "PHP is awesome!";
• ?>
• Shorter Way:
• <?= $variable_name ?>

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• <html lang="en">
• <head>
• <meta charset="UTF-8">
• <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-
width, initial-scale=1.0">
• <title>PHP Variables</title>
• </head>
• <body>
• <?php
• $title = 'PHP is awesome!';
• ?>
• <h1><?= $title; ?></h1>
• </body>
• </html>
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 Constants:
• PHP constants can be defined by 2 ways:
• Using define() function
• Using const keyword
• define()
• Syntax:
• define(name, value, case-insensitive)
• name: It specifies the constant name.
• value: It specifies the constant value.
• case-insensitive: Specifies whether a constant is
case-insensitive. Default value is false. It means it
is case sensitive by default.
• Ex. Define (“PI” 3.14);
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• const keyword
• The constant defined using const keyword
are case-sensitive.
• Example:
• <?php
• const MESSAGE="Hello";
• echo MESSAGE;
• ?>

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 Basic structure of php
• A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the
document.
• A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with
?>
• <?php
// PHP code goes here
?>
• The default file extension for PHP files is
".php".
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• How to run PHP Program:
• If you have installed XAMPP, all of your PHP code files will
be placed in “htdocs” folder. The full path of htdocs folder
will be something like c:\xampp\htdocs.
• Open notepad and create a simple program. You can copy
the above example as well.
• Then save your file with PHP extension such as sample.php.
You need to place or Save your ‘sample.php’ file in htdocs
folder.
• Now you can open any web browser such as chrome and
run your PHP file using the localhost URL.
• For example, if your file is located:
‘c:\xampp\htdocs\sample.php’, You need to type in
browser URL: ‘http://localhost/sample.php’ and hit enter.
You PHP program will run and give output such as ‘Hello
World’

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 Operators
• String Concatenation Operator
– String concatenation operator is dot (.).
– Ex.
– <?php
– $a=“Hello”;
– $b=$a.”World”;
– Echo $b; ?>
• Increment & Decrement Operator (++, --)
• Arithmetic Operator (+,-,*,/, %)
• Comparison Operator (<,>,==,!=,<>,<=,>=)
• Logical Operator: (&&, ||, !)
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• <?php
• $a = 18;
• $b = 4;
• echo "$a + $b = " . ($a + $b); //addition
• echo "\n";
• echo "$a - $b = " . ($a - $b); //subtraction
• echo "\n";
• echo "($a * $b) = " . ($a * $b); //multiplication
• echo "\n";
• echo "$a / $b = " . ($a / $b); //division
• echo "\n";
• echo "$a % $b = " . ($a % $b); //modulus
• echo "\n";
• ?>

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 Control structure
• If statement:
• Syntax:
• If (condition)
• {
• }
• If else statement:
• Syntax:
• If (condition)
• {
• }
• else{
• }

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• Example:
• <?php
• $a=“hello”;
• $b=“java”;
• If($a==$b)
– echo “Both Strings are equal”;
• else
– echo “Both Strings are not equal”;
• ?>

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• Switch:
• <?php
• $ch = ‘u';
• switch ($ch)
• {
• case 'a':
• echo "Given character is vowel";
• break;
• case 'e':
• echo "Given character is vowel";
• break;
• case 'i':
• echo "Given character is vowel";
• break;
• case 'o':
• echo "Given character is vowel";
• break;
• case 'u':
• echo "Given character is vowel";
• break;
• }
• ?>
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• while:
• Synatx:
• while (condition)
• {
• }
• Example:
• <?php
• $i=1;
• while($i<=10)
• {
– echo $i. “ “;
– $i++;
• }
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• For loop:
• for (init counter; test counter; increment counter)
• {
code to be executed;
}
• Example:
• <?php
• For($i=0;$i<=10;$i++)
• {
echo $i. “ “;
• }

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• foreach loop:
• Syntax:
• foreach($array as $current)
• {
• }
• Example:
• <?php
• $arr=array(1,2,3,4,5);
• foreach($arr as $value)
• {
echo $value. “ “;
• }
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 PHP Variable Scope
• The scope of a variable is defined as its range
in the program under which it can be
accessed.
• PHP has three types of variable scopes:
• Local variable
• Global variable
• Static variable

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• Local variable
• The variables that are declared within a
function are called local variables for that
function.
• These local variables have their scope only in
that particular function in which they are
declared.
• A variable declaration outside the function
with the same name is completely different
from the variable declared inside the function.
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• Example:
• <?php
• function local_var()
• {
• $num = 45; //local variable
• echo "Local variable declared inside the functi
on is: ". $num;
• }
• local_var();
• ?>
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• Global variable:
• The global variables are the variables that are
declared outside the function.
• These variables can be accessed anywhere in
the program.
• To access the global variable within a function,
use the GLOBAL keyword before the variable.
• these variables can be directly accessed or
used outside the function without any
keyword.

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• Example:
• <?php
• $name = “ABC"; //Global Variable
• function global_var()
• {
• global $name;
• echo "Variable inside the function: ". $name;

• echo "</br>";
• }
• global_var();
• echo "Variable outside the function: ". $name;
• ?>
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• Static variable
• use the static keyword before the variable to
define a variable, and this variable is called
as static variable.
• Static variables exist only in a local function,
but it does not free its memory after the
program execution leaves the scope.

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• Example:
• <?php
• function static_var()
• {
• static $num1 = 3; //static variable
• $num2 = 6; //Non-static variable
• //increment in non-static variable
• $num1++;
• //increment in static variable
• $num2++;
• echo "Static: " .$num1 ."</br>";
• echo "Non-static: " .$num2 ."</br>";
• }
• //first function call
• static_var();
• //second function call
• static_var();
• ?>
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 $_GET Method
• Get request is the default form request.
• The data passed through get request is visible
on the URL browser so it is not secured.
• You can send limited amount of data through
get request. (max. 100 characters).
• The $_GET variable is used to collect values
from a form with method="get".
• The $_GET variable is an array of variable
passed to current script via the URL
parameters.
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• Example:
• <?php
echo "Welcome ". $_GET['name']. "<br />";
echo "You are ". $_GET['age']. " years old.";}
?>
• <html> <body>
• <form action = “Get_Ex.php" method = "GET">
• Name: <input type = "text" name = "name" />
• Age: <input type = "text" name = "age" />
• <input type = "submit" /> </form> </body>
</html>
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 $_POST Method
• Post request is widely used to submit form that
have large amount of data such as file upload,
image upload, login form, registration form etc.
• The data passed through post request is not
visible on the URL browser so it is secured. You
can send large amount of data through post
request.
• The $_POST variable is used to collect values
from a form with method="post".
• The $_POST variable is an array of variable names
and values sent by the HTTP POST method.
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• <?php
• echo "Welcome ". $_POST['name']. "<br />";
echo "You are ". $_POST['age']. " years old.";
?>
• <html> <body>
• <form action = “Post_Ex.php" method = “POST">
• Name: <input type = "text" name = "name" />
• Age: <input type = "text" name = "age" />
• <input type = "submit" />
• </form> </body> </html>
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 $_request method

• The PHP $_REQUEST variable can be used to

get the result from form data sent with both
the GET and POST methods.

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• <?php
echo "Welcome ". $_REQUEST['name']. "<br />";
echo "You are ". $_REQUEST['age']. " years old.";
?>
• <html> <body>
<form action = “Req_ex.php" method = "POST">
Name: <input type = "text" name = "name" />
Age: <input type = "text" name = "age" />
<input type = "submit" /> </form> </body
</html>

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 PHP Functions
• PHP Functions can be seen as ‘block of code’ or ‘set of
statements’ that perform some tasks when executed.
• A function usually takes some input arguments,
perform some action on them and returns some result.
• Example:
• <?php
• function greetings()
• {
• echo "Hello";
• }
• greetings();
• ?>
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• PHP Function With Arguments:
• <?php
• function add($num1, $num2)
• {
• $total = $num1 + $num2;
• echo "Sum of the two numbers is : $total";
• }
• add(10, 25);
• ?>
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• Function Returning Values
• <?php
• function add($x, $y)
• {
• $z = $x + $y;
• return $z;
• }
• echo "The sum of 5 + 10 is: " . add(5, 10);
• ?>

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• /*Program to calculate area of rectangle*/
• <?php
• function rect_area($length = 2, $width = 4)
• {
• $area = $length * $width;
• echo "Area Of Rectangle with length " .
$length . " & width " . $width . " is " . $area ;
• }
• rect_area(); // function has been called.
• ?>
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• /*Factorial program in PHP using recursive
function*/
• <?php
• function fact($number)
• {
• if ($number < 2)
• return 1;
• else
• return ($number * fact($number-1));
• }
• echo fact(4);
• ?>

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• Function With Default Parameters Value
• <?php
• function setAge($age = 25)
• {
• echo "My age is: $age";
• }

• setAge(50);
• echo "<br>";
• setAge(); // This time function will use the default value of 25
• echo "<br>";
• setAge(35);
• ?>

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 PHP echo and print Statements
• echo and print are more or less the same.
• They are both used to output data to the screen.
• The differences are small:
• echo has no return value while print has a return
value of 1 so it can be used in expressions.
• echo can take multiple parameters while print
can take one argument.
• echo is marginally faster than print.

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• Example(echo):
• <?php
• $x = 5;
• $y = 4;
• echo "Addition " . ($x + $y);
• ?>
• Example(print)
• <?php
• $x = 5;
• $y = 4;
• print "Addition " . ($x + $y);
• ?>

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 Working with Arrays

• Arrays are the data structure where you can store

data.
• Types of Arrays in PHP.
• There are three kinds of arrays that you can
make. These are listed below.
• Indexed arrays – Arrays with a numeric index
• Associative arrays – Arrays with named keys
• Multidimensional arrays – Arrays containing one
or more arrays

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• Indexed Arrays:
• indexed array is an array where all key values are
numeric and always start from zero.
• Example:
• <?php
• $colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue");
• print_r($colors);
• ?>

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• print_r()
• The print_r() function is useful for debugging
purpose
• It prints content of array, objects and other things
in human readable form.
• For Ex.
• $a=array(‘name’=> ‘aaa’ , ‘age’=> 40);
• print_r($a);
• Output:
• Array {
• [name]=> aaa
• [age]=> 40 }

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• isset():
• The isset() function checks whether a variable
is set, which means that it has to be declared
and is not NULL.
• This function returns true if the variable exists
and is not NULL, otherwise it returns false.
• Note: If multiple variables are supplied, then
this function will return true only if all of the
variables are set.
• Tip: A variable can be unset with the unset()
function.

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• Syntax:
• isset(variable, ....);

• Example:
• <?php
• $a = 20;
• if (isset($a))
• { echo "The Variable 'a' is now set.<br>"; }
• else { echo "The Variable 'a' is now unset.<br>"; }
• $b = null;
• if (isset($b))
• { echo "The Variable 'b' is now set.<br>"; }
• else { echo "The Variable 'b' is now unset.<br>"; }
• ?> Vanita Patil 51
• var_dump()
• The var_dump() function is used to display structured
information (type and value) about one or more
variables.
• Example
• <?php
$name=“aaa";
$age=24;
var_dump($name);
var_dump($age);
?>
• Output:
• String(3) “aaa”
• int(24)

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• Associative Array
• Associative arrays are arrays that use named keys
that you assign to them using => symbol.
• Example:
• <?php
• $ages = array("Peter"=>22, "Clark"=>32,
"John"=>28);
• print_r($ages);
• ?>

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• <?php
• $age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37",
"Joe"=>"43");
• foreach($age as $key => $value)
• {
• echo "Key=" . $key . ", Value=" . $value;
• echo "<br>";
• }
• ?>

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• <?php
• $age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37",
"Joe"=>"43");
• foreach($age as $key => $value)
• {
• echo "Key=" . $key . ", Value=" . $value;
• echo "<br>";
• }
• ?>

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• Multidimensional Arrays
• A multidimensional array is an array
containing one or more arrays.
• An example of a multidimensional array will
look something like this:
• $row0=array(1,2,3);
• $row1=array(4,5,6);
• $row2=array(7,8,9);
• $multi=array($row0,$row1,$row2);
• $val=$multi[2][0]; //2nd row 0th column
$val=7
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• <?php
• $emp=array
• (
• array(1,"aa",400000),
• array(2,"bbb",500000),
• array(3,"ccc",300000)
• );
• for($row=0;$row<3;$row++)
• {
• for($col=0;$col<3;$col++)
• {
• echo $emp[$row][$col]." ";
• }
• echo"<br/>";
• } ?> Vanita Patil 57
 Sorting Arrays
• functions most commonly used for sorting
arrays.
• sort() and rsort() — For sorting indexed arrays
• asort() and arsort() — For sorting associative
arrays by value
• ksort() and krsort() — For sorting associative
arrays by key
 sort()
• The sort() function is used for sorting the elements
of the indexed array in ascending order <?php

• $colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow");

• sort($colors);
• print_r($colors);
• ?>
• o/p : Array ( [0] => Blue [1] => Green [2] => Red [3]
=> Yellow )
• Similarly you can sort the numeric elements of the
array in ascending order.
 rsort()
• The rsort() function is used for sorting the
elements of the indexed array in descending
order
• <?php
• $colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow");
• rsort($colors);
• print_r($colors);
• ?>
• Array ( [0] => Yellow [1] => Red [2] => Green [3]
=> Blue )
• Similarly you can sort the numeric elements of
the array in descending order.
 asort()
• The asort() function sorts the elements of an
associative array in ascending order according to the
value.
• <?php
• $age = array("Peter"=>20, "Harry"=>14, "John"=>45,
"Clark"=>35);
• asort($age);
• print_r($age);
• ?>
• Output:
• Array ( [Harry] => 14 [Peter] => 20 [Clark] => 35 [John]
=> 45 )
 arsort()
• The arsort() function sorts the elements of an
associative array in descending order according to
the value.
• <?php
• $age = array("Peter"=>20, "Harry"=>14,
"John"=>45, "Clark"=>35);
• arsort($age);
• print_r($age);
• ?>
• Array ( [John] => 45 [Clark] => 35 [Peter] => 20
[Harry] => 14 )
 ksort()
• The ksort() function sorts the elements of an
associative array in ascending order ascending to
the key.
• <?php
• $age = array("Peter"=>20, "Harry"=>14,
"John"=>45, "Clark"=>35);
• ksort($age);
• print_r($age);
• ?>
• Array ( [Clark] => 35 [Harry] => 14 [John] => 45
[Peter] => 20 )
 krsort()
• The krsort() function sorts the elements of an
associative array in descending order ascending
to the key.
• <?php
• $age = array("Peter"=>20, "Harry"=>14,
"John"=>45, "Clark"=>35);
• krsort($age);
• print_r($age);
• ?>
• Array ( [Peter] => 20 [John] => 45 [Harry] => 14
[Clark] => 35 )
• Getting size of array:
• The count() and sizeof() is used to return the
number of elements in array.
• Syntax: count($array);
• Example:
• $a=array(1,2,3,4,5);
• $s=count($a); or $s=sizeof($a);
• Output: 5

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• Traversing Arrays:
• Traversing an array means to visit each and every
element of array using looping structure or
iterator functions.
• There are several ways to traverse arrays in PHP
• foreach loop:
• Example:
• $a=array(‘a’,’b’,’c’.’d’.’e’);
• Foreach($a as $value)
• {
• Echo “$value\n”;
• }

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• include and require:
• It is possible to insert the content of one PHP
file into another PHP file (before the server
executes it), with the include or require
statement.
• The include and require statements are
identical, except upon failure:
• require will produce a fatal error
(E_COMPILE_ERROR) and stop the script
• include will only produce a warning
(E_WARNING) and the script will continue

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• if you want the execution to go on and show
users the output, even if the include file is
missing, use the include statement.
• Otherwise, in case of FrameWork, or a
complex PHP application coding, always use
the require statement to include a key file to
the flow of execution.
• This will help avoid compromising your
application's security and integrity, just in-case
one key file is accidentally missing.

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• However, there is one big difference between
include and require; when a file is included
with the include statement and PHP cannot
find it, the script will continue to execute.
• If we do the same example using
the require statement, the echo statement will
not be executed because the script execution
dies after the require statement returned a
fatal error.

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• Syntax:
• include 'filename';
or
require 'filename';
• Example:
• a.php
• <?php
$color='red';
$car='BMW';
?>
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• Main.php
• <html>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my home page!</h1>
<?php include ’a.php';
echo "I have a $color $car.";
?>
</body>
</html>

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 Cookies and Session
Sr Session Cookies
No
1 Data are stored on server Data stored on client side or
side users browser.
2 Session data are more Cookies data are less secure
secure because they never because they travel with each
travel on every HTTP and every HTTP request.
request.
3 You can store objects in You can store only string type
session(store large amount of data in cookies (Max file
of data) size 4kB)
4 Session can not be used for Cookies mostly used for
future references. (default future references
expire time 24min)
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• Cookies are automatically saved whenever a
new web page is opened or reloaded.
• Whenever cookies request user information
from the server. The server sets a Session ID in
the cookies. The server uses that session ID to
identify the cookies where the request is
coming from.

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• Cookies:
• Cookies are small files of information that are
sent to a browser to store a user's information
from a particular visited website.
• Cookies stores user information from a
website in the browser only and use that
information to identify the user when next the
user tries to use visit the same website in the
browser

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• Setting Cookies in PHP:
• Syntax:
• Setcookie (name, value, expire, path, domain,
secure)
• The setcookie() function should be called first
before any other code is called or executed.

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Parameter Description
Name This contains the name of the cookie.
This contains the value of the cookie. This could be in a string or
Value
integer form

This will contain the expiration date, of the cookie. If omitted, it will
take the default value(0s), and immediately after the user reloads or
Expire
closes the web page the data in the cookies will be lost.
Optional (time() + 3600 for 1 hour.)

This will contain the path of the cookie in the webserver. Optional.
Path The forward slash “/” means that the cookie will be made available on the
entire domain

This will contain the domain works. For example, www.example.com.

Domain
Optional
Optional. the default is false It is used to determine whether the
Secure
cookie is sent via https if it is set to true or http if it is set to false.
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• Example:
• <?php
• //Setting cookie
• setcookie('Username', 'Dennis', time() + 86400, '/');
• ?>
• <html lang="en">
• <body>
• <?php
• if (isset($_COOKIE['Username']))
• {
• echo "The Username is" . $_COOKIE['Username'];
• }
• else
• echo "No Username is found";
• ?>
• </body>
• </html>
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• Sessions in PHP
• A session is a global variable stored on the server.
• Each session is assigned a unique id which is used to
retrieve stored values.
• Whenever a session is created, a cookie containing the
unique session id is stored on the user’s computer and
returned with every request to the server. If the client
browser does not support cookies, the unique php session
id is displayed in the URL
• Sessions have the capacity to store relatively large data
compared to cookies.
• The session values are automatically deleted when the
browser is closed. If you want to store the values
permanently, then you should store them in the database.
• Just like the $_COOKIE array variable, session variables are
stored in the $_SESSION array variable. Just like cookies,
the session must be started before any HTML tags.
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• Start a Session in PHP
• first call the PHP session_start function and then store your values
in the $_SESSION array variable.
• ＄_SESSION[identifier] = value;
• Example:
• <?php
• session_start();
• ?>
• <!DOCTYPE html>
• <html>
• <body>
<?php
• // Set session variables
• $_SESSION["name"] = “DY Patil College";
• $_SESSION["ID"] = "123";
• ?>
</body>
• </html>
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• how we can retrieve session variables in PHP
• <?php
• session_start();
• ?>
• <!DOCTYPE html>
• <html>
• <body>
<?php
• // Echo session variables that were set on previous page
• echo "College name is " . $_SESSION["name"] . ".<br>";
• echo "College ID is " . $_SESSION["ID"] . ".";
• ?>
</body>
• </html>

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Database

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• 1. connection:
• mysqli_connect(servername, username,
password, database)

• 2.Run SQL query:

• mysqli_query(connection_name,query)

• 3.Close connection:
• mysqli_close(connection_name)

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 CRUD Operations
• CRUD stands for create, read, update, and
delete.
• 1. Create:
• In CRUD operations, 'C' is an acronym
for create, which means to add or insert data
into the SQL table. So, firstly we will create a
table using CREATE command and then we will
use the INSERT INTO command to insert rows
in the created table.

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• <?php
• $servername = "localhost";
• $username = "root";
• $password = " ";
• $dbname = "mca_db";

• // Create connection
• $conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
• // Check connection
• if ($conn->connect_error)
• {
• die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
• }

• // sql to create table

• $sql = "CREATE TABLE MyGuests2 (id INT(6) PRIMARY KEY,firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
• lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,email VARCHAR(50))";

• if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

• echo "Table MyGuests created successfully";
• } else {
• echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error;
• }
• $conn->close();
• ?> Vanita Patil 84
2. Insert
Example 1:
• <?php
• $con=mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", "", “db1");
• if(mysqli_connect_error())
• echo "Connection Error.";
• else
• echo "Database Connection Successfully.";
• mysqli_query($con, "insert into my_team values(1,
'Shikhar', 'Dhawan', 'Delhi', 'India')");
• echo "Records Inserted ...“;
• mysqli_close($con);
• ?> Vanita Patil 85
• 3.Update:
• <html>
• <head>
• <title>PHP MySQL connection example</title>
• </head>
• <body>
• <form method="post">
• Enter Student ID : <input type="text" name="id"><br/>
• Enter Student Phone no : <input type="text" name="pno"><br/>
• <input type="submit" value="Update" name="Submit1"> <br/>
• </form>
• </html>

• <?php
• if(isset($_POST['Submit1']))
• {
• $n=$_POST['id'];
• $pn=$_POST['pno'];
•
• $con = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root"," ", "fy"); //Creating a connection
• $sql = "update stud set phonenumber=$pn where sno=$n";

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• if(mysqli_query($con,$sql))
• {
• echo "record updated";
• }
• $query = "select * from stud where sno=$n"; //Executing the multi query
• $res = mysqli_query($con, $query); //Retrieving the records
• echo "<table border=1>";
• echo "<tr>";
• echo "<th>Sno</th>";
• echo "<th>Sname</th>";
• echo "<th>email</th>";
• echo "<th>phonenumber</th>";
• if($row=mysqli_fetch_array($res))
• {
• echo "</tr>";
• echo "<tr>";
• echo "<td>$row[0]</td>";
• echo "<td>$row[1]</td>";
• echo "<td>$row[2]</td>";
• echo "<td>$row[3]</td>";
• echo "</tr>";
• }
• echo "</table>";
• mysqli_close($con); //Closing the connection
• }
• ?>

Vanita Patil 87
• 4.Delete
• <html> <head>
• <title>PHP MySQL Delete example</title> </head>
• <body>
• <form method="post">
• Enter Student No : <input type="text" name="id"><br/>
• <input type="submit" value="Delete" name="Submit1"> <br/>
• </form> </html>

• <?php
• if(isset($_POST['Submit1']))
• {
• $n=$_POST['id']; //html rollno
• $con = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root"," ", "fy"); //Creating a connection
• echo $n;
• $sql = "delete from stud where sno=$n";
• if(mysqli_query($con,$sql))
• {
• echo "record deleted";
• }
• mysqli_close($con); //Closing the connection
• }
• ?>

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• 5. Read: Accessing rows in resultset.
• 1.mysqli_fetch_array()
• Fetch a result row as a numeric array and as an associative array:
• mysqli_fetch_array(result,resulttype)
• <?php
• $con = mysqli_connect("localhost", "root", “ ", "mydb"); //Creating a
connection
• $query = "SELECT * FROM players"; //Executing the multi query
• $res = mysqli_query($con, $query, MYSQLI_USE_RESULT); //Retrieving the
records
• if ($res)
• {
• while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($res))
• {
• print("Name: ".$row[0]."\n");
• print("Age: ".$row[1]."\n");
• }
• }
• mysqli_close($con); //Closing the connection
• ?>
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