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Sampling Methods

Sampling methods

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Mohamed Hussain
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3 views

Sampling Methods

Sampling methods

Uploaded by

Mohamed Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS FOR

BUSINESS DECISIONS

SNEHAMOL SABU
MIANZ INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
TOPIC 3

Sampling Methods
Learning Objectives:-

➢Explain why a sample is often the only


feasible way to learn something about a
population.

➢Describe methods to select a sample

➢Define the standard error of the mean.


INTRODUCTION
Sampling is the process of selecting observations (a sample) to provide an
adequate description and inferences of the population.

Sample
➢ It is a unit that is selected from population.
➢ Represents the whole population.
➢ Purpose to draw the inference.
REASONS TO SAMPLE
1.To contact the whole population would be time
consuming.
2.The cost of studying all the items in a population
may be prohibitive.
3.The physical impossibility of checking all items in
the population.
4.The destructive nature of some tests.
5.The sample results are adequate.
To contact the whole population would be time consuming.

Example:

A marketing research firm wants to gather feedback on a new product from consumers.
Instead of reaching out to every single consumer who might potentially buy the
product, they select a sample of representative consumers to survey, saving time and
resources.

The cost of studying all the items in a population may be prohibitive.

Example:

A government agency wants to assess the air quality in a city. It would be financially
impractical to monitor every single location in the city simultaneously. Instead, they
select specific sampling sites strategically distributed across the city to obtain a
representative sample of air quality data.
The physical impossibility of checking all items in the population.

Example:

A quality control manager in a manufacturing plant wants to ensure that every product
meets certain standards. However, due to the high production volume, it's physically
impossible to inspect each individual item. Instead, they take random samples from
each batch for inspection and testing.

The destructive nature of some tests.

Example:

Researchers are studying the effects of a new medication on liver function. Conducting
invasive biopsies on every patient in the study population would be unethical and
impractical. Instead, they take blood samples from a representative sample of
participants to monitor liver enzyme levels as a non-invasive alternative.
The sample results are adequate.

Example:

A polling organization wants to predict the outcome of an upcoming


election. By surveying a carefully selected sample of voters, they can
obtain statistically significant results that accurately reflect the opinions
and preferences of the entire voting population, without needing to
interview every single voter.
TYPES OF SAMPLING METHODS
Simple Random Sample: A Systematic Random Sampling: The
sample selected so that each items or individuals of the
item or person in the population are arranged in some
population has the same chance order. A random starting point is
of being included. selected and then every kth member
of the population is selected for the
sample.

Stratified Random Sampling: A Cluster Sampling: A population is


population is first divided into first divided into primary units
subgroups, called strata, and a then samples are selected from
sample is selected from each the primary units.
stratum.
1. a) The random numbers selected are 08, 18, 11, 54, 02, 41, and 54.

Based on the given list of Marco’s Pizza stores in Lucas County:

▪ 08 corresponds to 303 Louisiana Av (Type: C)


▪ 18 corresponds to 5155 S Main (Type: M)
▪ 11 corresponds to 3501 Monroe St (Type: M)
▪ 54 does not correspond to any ID in the list.
▪ 02 corresponds to 2652 W Central Av (Type: C)
▪ 41 does not correspond to any ID in the list.
▪ 54 does not correspond to any ID in the list.
So, the selected stores are 303 Louisiana Av (C), 5155 S Main (M), and 3501 Monroe
St (M).
b) Using the table of random numbers to select a sample of locations would involve
generating random numbers within the range of available IDs and selecting the
corresponding stores.
From corporate-owned stores: From manager-owned stores:
•303 Louisiana Av (C) •630 Dixie Hwy (M)
•2040 Ottawa River Rd (C) •3510 Dorr St (C)
•2116 N Reynolds Rd (C) •3382 Lagrange St (M)
•3678 Rugby Dr (C) •2525 W Laskey Rd (C)
•1419 South Av (C) •149 Main St (C)
•1234 W Sylvania Av (C) •835 S McCord Rd (M)
•106 E Airport Hwy (C) •3501 Monroe St (M)
•2036 Woodville Rd (C) •4624 Woodville Rd (M)
•4252 Monroe (C) •5155 S Main (M)
•6725 W Central (M)
•1316 Michigan Av (M)

Selecting accordingly, one possible sample could be:


•303 Louisiana Av (C)
•2116 N Reynolds Rd (C)
•630 Dixie Hwy (M)
c) Starting from ID number 03, the sequence would be: 03, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, 52
However, since the ID numbers only go up to 23, we would loop back to the beginning:
03, 10, 17, 02, 09, 16, 21
So, the locations included in the sample would be:
•630 Dixie Hwy (M)
•835 S McCord Rd (M)
•4624 Woodville Rd (M)
•2652 W Central Av (C)
•149 Main St (C)
•3382 Lagrange St (M)
•4252 Monroe (C)
Using the provided random numbers:

05 corresponds to Bob Schmidt Chevrolet


20 corresponds to Great Lakes Ford Nissan
59 does not correspond to any ID in the list.
21 corresponds to Grogan Towne Chrysler
31 corresponds to Southside Lincoln Mercury
28 corresponds to Rouen Chrysler Jeep Eagle
49 does not correspond to any ID in the list.
38 does not correspond to any ID in the list.
66 does not correspond to any ID in the list.
08 corresponds to Brown Honda
29 corresponds to Saturn of Toledo
02 corresponds to Auto fair Toyota-Suzuki

So, the dealers included in the sample are Bob Schmidt Chevrolet, Great Lakes Ford
Nissan, Grogan Towne Chrysler, Southside Lincoln Mercury, Rouen Chrysler Jeep
Eagle, Brown Honda, Saturn of Toledo, and Autofair Toyota-Suzuki.
c) Starting from ID number 04 and selecting every seventh dealer:

Starting from ID number 04, the sequence would be:


04, 11, 18, 25, 32

So, the dealers included in the sample are:

Yark Automotive Group


Thayer Chevrolet/Toyota
Franklin Park Lincoln Mercury
Mathews Ford Oregon, Inc.
Valiton Chrysler

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