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Logic Gates

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Cephas King-priest
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56 views4 pages

Logic Gates

Uploaded by

Cephas King-priest
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEFINITION

Logic gates
(AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND,
NOR and XNOR
What is a logic gate?
A logic gate is a device that acts as a building block for digital circuits. They
perform basic logical functions that are fundamental to digital circuits. Most
electronic devices we use today will have some form of logic gates in them.
For example, logic gates can be used in digital electronics such as smart
phones and tablets or in memory devices.

In a circuit, logic gates work based on a combination of digital signals


coming from its inputs. Most logic gates have two inputs and one output,
and they are based on Boolean algebra. At any given moment, every
terminal is in one of the two binary conditions: true or false. False
represents 0, and true represents 1.

Logic gates are commonly used in integrated circuits (IC).

Basic logic gates


Basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XNOR.

AND GATE the input terminals are on the left, and the output terminal is on
the right.) The output is "true" when both inputs are "true." Otherwise, the
output is "false." In other words, the output is 1 only when both inputs are 1.
OR GATE gets its name from behaving like the logical inclusive "or." The
output is true if one or both of the inputs are true. If both inputs are false,
then the output is false. In other words, for the output to be 1, at least one
input must be 1.

NOT GATE -is a logical inverter, sometimes called a NOT gate,has only
one input. A NOT gate reverses the logic state. If the input is 1, then the
output is 0. If the input is 0, then the output is 1.

. NAND GATE (Negated AND) gate operates as an AND gate followed by


a NOT gate. It acts in the manner of the logical operation "and" followed by
negation. The output is false if both inputs are true. Otherwise, the output is
true. Another way to visualize it is that a NAND gate inverts the output of an
AND gate. The NAND gate symbol is an AND gate with the circle of a NOT
gate at the output.
NOR GATE (NOT OR) is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter.
Its output is true if both inputs are false. Otherwise, the output is false.

XOR (exclusive-OR) GATE acts in the same way as the logical "either/or."
The output is true if either, but not both, of the inputs are true. The output is
false if both inputs are "false" or if both inputs are true. Similarly, the output
is 1 if the inputs are different but 0 if the inputs are the same.

XOR

XNOR (exclusive-NOR) gate is a combination of an XOR gate followed by


an inverter. Its output is true if the inputs are the same and false if the
inputs are different.
Complex operations can be performed using combinations of these logic
gates. In theory, there is no limit to the number of gates that can be arrayed
together in a single device. But in practice, there is a limit to the number of
gates that can be packed into a given physical space.

Logic gates can be made of resistors, transistors or diodes. These


components are wired together in specific configurations to ensure they
transform the inputs in expected ways. Likewise, transistors provide
switching -- turning on or off in response to input signals -- while diodes
ensure current flows in only one direction to stabilize the circuit.

Commonly used logic gates are transistor-transistor logic (TTL)


and complementary metal-oxide-silicon (CMOS). TTL ICs use negative-
positive-negative and positive-negative-positive bipolar junction transistors.
CMOS ICs are constructed from metal-oxide-semiconductor or junction-
gate field effect transistors. TTL ICs might commonly be labeled as the
7400 series of chips, while CMOS ICs may often be marked as a 4000
series of chips.

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