DIFFERENTIATION

Smart Booklets

Session 1
Geometrical Meaning of the Derivative,
Derivative of f(x) from the first Principle or ab – Initio Method, Rules of Differentiation.

INTRODTICTION
In the previous section, we have learnt about differentiability of a function (i.e., the derivability of a function
i.e., the ability of a function for being differentiated) at a point or every point of its domain. Derivatives are
widely used in the field of science, medical, engineering, economics etc.
dy
In physics, derivative mean instantaneous rate of change of y w.r.t. x it is represented by
dx
dy
So is instantaneous change in 𝑦 w.r.t x
dx
y
Change in 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥 = when x → 0 then we get instantaneous rate change of y w.r.t x
x
y dy
So Lim =
x → 0 x dx
Let us consider the graph of function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). The two points on the graph are 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥)) and
𝑄 (𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ)). We can see that 𝑃𝑄 is a secant to the curve.

Q (x + h , f(x+h) )

P(x, f(x) )

f ( x + h) − f ( x)
Slope of secant PQ =
( x + h) − x

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 DIFFERENTIATION
f ( x + h) − f ( x)
Slope of secant PQ =
h
When ℎ → 0, then point 𝑄 will reach to point 𝑃, i.e., the secant will become the tangent to the curve.
f ( x + h ) − f ( x ) dy
Slope of tangent = Lim = = f ( x)
h →0 h dx
For any curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) If we draw a tangent at any point on it, then slope of the tangent is represented by
the Derivative at that point.
So geometrically derivative at a point represent slope of tangent at that point.
dy
 Slope = m = tan  = Derivative =
dx
So, each point of domain can be associated to the derivative of the function at that point. This
correspondence between points of Df and the set of values of derivative at those points define a function
called the derivative of the given function.
dy f ( x + h) − f ( x)
So, Slope of tangent = = f  ( x ) = Lim
dx h →0 h
This process of finding derivative of a function is called differentiation from first principal or ab-initio method
or by delta method.

DERIVATIVE OF STANDARD FUNCTIONS

d
(i) ( Constant ) = 0
dx
(ii)
d n
dx
( x ) = nx n −1

d x
(iii) x=
dx x

(iv)
d x
dx
( e ) = ex

(v)
d x
dx
( a ) = a x log e a = a x ln a ( a  0 )

d 1
(vi) ( log a x ) =
dx x ln a
d d 1
(vii) ( ln x ) = ( log e x ) = (xiv)
dx dx x
d
(viii) ( sin x ) = cos x (xv)
dx
d
(ix) ( cos x ) = − sin x
dx (xvi)
d
(x) ( tan x ) = sec2 x
dx (xvii)
d
(xi) ( cot x ) = − cos ec 2 x
dx (xviii)
d
(xii) ( secx ) = sec x tan x
dx (xix)
d
(xiii) ( coecx ) = −coecx cot x
dx
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 DIFFERENTIATION
Rules for Differentiation
Differentiation of Sum and Difference of Functions
When a function is expressed as sum or difference of two or more functions then, to find the derivative of
function, we need to differentiate each term separately. i.e.

Differentiation of a Function Multiplied with a Constant

If a function multiplied by a constant, then the derivative of constant times a function is the constant times
the derivative of the function. i.e.
dy d
If y = k f (x) , then on differentiating, we get =k f ( x)
dx dx
Product Rule
If u (x) and v (x) are two differentiable functions, then u (x)  v (x) is also differentiable.
If y = u ( x )  v ( x )
dy d  d 
then = u ( x )  v ( x ) + v ( x )  u ( x )
dx  dx   dx 
which is known as product rule.
i.e.
derivative of product of two functions = (first function)  (derivative of second function) + (second function)
 (derivative of first function)

Quotient Rule
u ( x)
If u (x) and v (x) are two differentiable functions such that v ( x )  0 then is also differentiable.
v ( x)

is known as the quotient rule of differentiation.

dy
REMARK  dy  dx
dx
dy d
= ( y ) = derivative of y w.r.t x
dx dx
d
Symbol treat as a operator
dx

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 DIFFERENTIATION
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
Relation between and
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
Let x and y be two variables connected by a relation of the form f (x y) = 0.
Let Dx be a small change in x and Dy be a small change in y, then

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 DIFFERENTIATION

( )
If y = f g ( h ( x ) ) then
dy
dx
( )
= f  g ( h ( x ) )  g  ( h ( x ) )  h ( x )
This rule is called chain rule. The chain rule can be extended more.

EXERCISE A
1. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(i) 2 x 2 + 3x − 1
( 4x + 2 x − 1)
2 5
(ii)
x+2
(iii)
x−2
2. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(i) sin ( x2 + 5)
(ii) sin ( cos x )
(iii) cos3 ( 2 x + 3)
(iv) tan ( 4 x − 5 )
(v) sec log ( x 2 + 1)
3. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(i) (
sec tan x )
(ii) 2 cot x 2
(iii) sin n ( ax 2 + bx + c )
(iv) sin x + cos 2 x
( sin x + cos x )
2
(v)
4. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(i) log ( x 2 − 1)
(ii) log tan x
(iii) log sin ( 2 x 2 − 3)
(iv) log ( sec x + tan x )

(v) (
log x + x 2 + 1 )
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 DIFFERENTIATION
5. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(i) log 2 ( x + 2 )
(ii) log x 3
(iii) log 7 ( log 7 x )

  x2  
(iv) log  sin  − 1 
  3 
 x + x2 + 1 
(v) log  
 x − x2 −1 
 
6. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(i) 4e 5 x
(ii) e sin x
x
(iii) e
(iv)
(
sin x 2 −1 )
2
(v) log ( cos e x )
7. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
e x + log x
(i)
sin 3 x
sec x − 1
(ii)
sec x + 1
e x + e− x
(iii)
e x − e− x
1 + sin x
(iv) log
1 − sin x
(v) 2x2 − 4

  , then prove that dydx =

n
n. y
8. If y = x + x 2 + a 2
x2 + a2
 x  dy
9. If y = log tan  +  , show that − sec x = 0
 4 2 dx
1− x
prove that (1 − x 2 ) + y = 0
dy
10. If y =
1+ x dx

11. If y =
(
log x + x 2 + 1 ) , then prove that (1 + x ) dy + xy = 1
2

x +1
2 dx
e x − e− x dy
12. If y = −x
, then prove that = 1− y2 .
e +e
x
dx
x +1 + x −1 dy
13. If y = then find
x +1 − x −1 dx
log x
14. If f ( x ) = , then find f  (1)
x

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 DIFFERENTIATION
EXERCISE B
Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’

( 4x − 5 x 2 + 1)
4
sin sin 2 x − 1
3
1 19

2 ( 3x 2
− x + 1)
1/3
 a + b cos x 
20 log  
 a − b cos x 
a+x
3  sin x 
a−x 21 log  
 1 − cos x 
1 − x2  x2 − x + 1 
4 log  2
1 + x2 22 
 x + x +1 
1
5 x+ a+x − a−x
x 23
a+x + a−x
6 sin ( ax + b )
x2 + 1 + x2 −1
7 cos x 24
x2 + 1 − x2 − 1
( x + 2) (1 − x )
2/3 1/3
8
x
25
9 sin x 3 a − a2 − x2
10 sin ( log x )
cos x
26
11 sin sin x + cos x x
12 sin 2 x 5  cos x 3
2
27 (
sin cos ( log ( 2 x − 4 ) ) )
 2 tan x 
13   28 log ( log x )
 tan x + cos x 
29 x log x log ( log x )
14 eax  sin ( bx + c )
x 2 + sin x 30 x2 + x2 + a2
15

16
cot 2 x
e  log (1 + x
x 2
)
31 
log ( x + 2 ) + x 2 + 4 x + 1 
sin x − cos x
32 
log a cos ( 3 x 2 − 5 ) 
17
sin x + cos x 33 log x x + log x 10 + log10 x + log10 10

2 tan
x 34 xn + n x + nn
18 2 35 3x 2 − 4 x + 1
2 x
1 + tan
2 36 sin x

37 If y = log  
x + 1 − x − 1 , then show that 2
dy
dx
=−
1
x2 −1
dy  x −1 
38 If y = ( x − 1) log ( x − 1) − ( x + 1) log ( x + 1) then prove that = log  
dx  x +1
1 − cos 2 x dy
39 If y = log , then prove that − 2 cos ec 2 x = 0
1 + cos 2 x dx
x dy
40 If y = , then prove that x = y (1 − y ) .
x+4 dx
1 dy
41 If y − x + then prove that 2 x + y − 2 x = 0
x dx

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If y = log  log ( log x 5 )  , then find
dy
42 .
dx
1 1  dy
43 If y = x 2 + 1 − log  + 1 + 2  , then find .
x x  dx
1 − sin 2 x dy  
44 If y = , prove that + sec 2  − x  = 0
1 + sin 2 x dx 4 
1 + cos 2 x dy
45 If y = log then find .
1− e 2x
dx
dy
46 If y = e x +3log x , show that = x 2 ( x + 3) e x
dx
2
 dy 
47 IF y = m sin x + n cos x , prove that y +   = m2 + n 2
2

 dx 
dy
48 If y = 2 + 2 + 2 + x 2 then find .
dx
1 + x cos x dy cos x − x sin x
49 If y = log , then show that =
1 − x cos x dx 1 − x 2 cos 2 x
50 Find the derivative of the following functions w.r.t. x
x x
(i) ee (ii) 1010

ANSWERS OF EXERCISE B

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 DIFFERENTIATION

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 DIFFERENTIATION

DERIVATIVES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(A)
d
( sin −1 x ) =
1
; x   −1,1
dx 1 − x2
(B)
d
( cos −1 x ) = −
1
; x   −1,1
dx 1 − x2

(C)
d
dx
( tan −1 x ) =
1
1 + x2
; xR

−1
(D)
d
dx
( cot −1 x ) =
1 + x2
; xR

(E)
d
( sec−1 x ) =
1
; x 1
dx x x2 −1
−1
(F)
d
( co sec−1 x ) = ; x 1
dx x x2 −1

DERIVATIVES OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(A)
d
sin −1 f ( x ) =
1
  f ( x )
d
dx 1 −  f ( x )  dx
2

−1
(B)
d
cos −1 f ( x ) =   f ( x )
d
dx 1 −  f ( x )  dx
2

(C)
d
 tan −1 f ( x ) =
1
  f ( x )
d
1 +  f ( x )  dx
2
dx
−1
(D)
d
cot −1 f ( x ) =   f ( x )
d
1 +  f ( x )  dx
2
dx

(E)
d
sec−1 f ( x ) =
1
  f ( x )
d
dx f ( x )  f ( x )  − 1 dx
2

−1
(F)
d
co sec−1 f ( x ) =   f ( x )
d
dx f ( x )  f ( x )  − 1 dx
2

Remark
If no branch of an inverse trigonometric function is mentioned, then it means that the principal value
branch of the function has to be taken.

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 DIFFERENTIATION

TYPE I: SIMPLE INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE A
1. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(i) sin −1 x 2
(ii) tan −1 ( 3x + 4 )
(iii) cos −1 x
(iv) cot −1 x
(v) sin ( m sin −1 x )
2. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
 x 
(i) cot −1  
 x +1 
(ii) x 2 sec−1 (1 − x )
x
cos −1
(iii) 2
2x + 7
tan −1 ( cos x )
(iv) e
 a + b cos x 
(v) cos −1  
 b + a cos x 
3. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(sin x )−1 2

(i) a

(ii) e
cos −1 ( 1− x )
2

(iii) log ( tan −1 x )

4. ( )
If y = sin −1 x 2 then find
dy
dx
dy
5. If y = tan −1 x then find
dx
6. (
If y = cos −1 x x then find ) dy
dx
7. 
If y = sin tan −1 ( e − x ) then find  dy
dx
(sin −1
x −cos−1 x
dy )
8. If y = e then find
dx
−1
x sin x dy
9. If y = , then find
1− x 2 dx
d x 2 a2 x
10. Prove that  a − x 2
+ sin −1  = a 2 − x 2
dx  2 2 a

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 DIFFERENTIATION
TYPE II: ANGLES ARE IN EXPRESSION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAE
To differentiate inverse trigonometric functions, we need to know some basic trigonometric identities
they can help you finding the differentiation of inverse trigonometric functions.

cos 2  − sin 2 

 2 cos  − 1
2
2 tan 
sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  = cos 2 =  1 − 2 sin 2 
1 + tan 2  
 1 − tan 
2

 1 + tan 2 

2 tan  cot 2  − 1
tan 2 = AND cot 2 =
1 − tan 2  2 cot 

GOLDEN FORMULA
1 + cos 2
1 + cos 2 = 2cos2  OR cos2  =
2
1 − cos 2
1 − cos 2 = 2sin2  OR sin 2  =
2

SILVER FORMULA
1 + sin 2 = ( cos  + sin  )
2

1 − sin 2 = ( cos  − sin  ) = ( sin  − cos  )

2 2

1 − cos   1 + cos  
= tan AND = cot
sin  2 sin  2
1 − cos   1 + cos  
= tan 2 AND = cot 2
1 + cos  2 1 − cos  2

cos  + sin  1 + tan   

= = tan  +  
cos  − sin  1 − tan  4 
OR
cos  + sin  1 + tan   
= = tan  +  
cos  − sin  1 − tan  4 

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 DIFFERENTIATION

sin 3 = 3sin − 4sin3 

cos 3 = 4cos3  − 3cos

3 tan  − tan 3 
tan  =
1 − 3 tan 2 

4sin3  = 3sin − sin 3

4cos3  = 3cos + cos 3

EXERCISE B
1. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. ‘x’
(i) cos ( sin −1 x )
1 − cos x 
(ii) tan −1  
 sin x 
1 − sin x 
(iii) tan −1  
 cos x 
1 + cos x 1 − cos x
2. Differentiate tan −1 w.r.t. ‘x’ 3. Differentiate tan −1 w.r.t. ‘x’
1 − cos x 1 + cos x
 cos x + sin x  dy
4. If y = tan −1   then find
 cos x − sin x  dx
1 + sin x dy
5. If y = tan −1 then find
1 − sin x dx
6. Differentiate tan ( sec x + tan x ) w.r.t. ‘x’
−1

7. Differentiate cot −1 ( co sec x + cot x ) w.r.t. ‘x’

 2 tan x3  dy
8. If y = sin −1  2 3
then find
1 + tan x  dx
 3 tan x3 − tan 3 x3 
−1 dy
9. If y = tan   then find
 1 − 3 tan x
2 3
 dx
 cos x + sin x 
10. Differentiate cos −1   w.r.t. ‘x’
 2 
 3cos x − 4sin x 
11. Differentiate cos −1   w.r.t. ‘x’
 5 
 4sin x − 3cos x  dy
12. If y = sin −1   then find
 5  dx
 5cos x − 12sin x  dy
13. If y = cos −1   then find
 13  dx

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 DIFFERENTIATION
 1 − cos x − 1 + cos x  dy
14. If y = sin −1   then find
 2  dx
 3 1 − cos 2 x + 4 1 + cos 2 x  dy
15. If y = sin −1   then find
 5 2  dx

 1 + sin x + 1 − sin x 
 dy
16. If y = cot −1   , show that is independent of x.

 1 + sin x − 1 − sin x 
 dx
 1 + cos x − 1 − cos x  dy
17. If y = tan −1   then find
 1 + cos x + 1 − cos x  dx
 1 + sin x 2 − 1 − sin x 2  dy
18. If y = tan −1   then find
 1 + sin x 2 + 1 − sin x 2  dx

TYPE III: ANGLES ARE IN EXPRESSION OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAE

To differentiate inverse trigonometric functions, we need to know some basic inverse trigonometric
identities they can help you finding the differentiation of inverse trigonometric functions.
PROPERTY 1
sin ( sin −1 x ) = x for all x   −1,1

cos ( cos−1 x ) = x for all x   −1,1

tan ( tan −1 x ) = x for all x  R

cot ( cot −1 x ) = x for all x  R

sec ( sec−1 x ) = x for all x  R − ( −1,1)

cos ec ( cos ec−1 x ) = x for all x  R − ( −1,1)

PROPERTY 2
  
sin −1 ( sin  ) =  for all    − , 
 2 2

cos−1 ( cos  ) =  for all x   0,  

  
tan −1 ( tan  ) =  for all x  R    − , 
 2 2

cot −1 ( cot  ) =  for all x  ( 0,  )

 
sec−1 ( sec ) =  for all x   0,   −  − 
 2

  
cos ec −1 ( cos ec ) =  for all    − ,  − 0
 2 2

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 DIFFERENTIATION
PROPERTY 3
sin −1 ( − x ) = − sin −1 x for all x   −1,1

cos−1 ( − x ) =  − cos−1 x for all x   −1,1

tan −1 ( − x ) = − tan −1 x for all x  R

cot −1 ( − x ) =  − cot −1 x for all x  R

sec−1 ( − x ) =  − sec−1 x for all x  R − ( −1,1)

cos ec −1 ( − x ) = − cos ec −1 x for all x  R − ( −1,1)

PROPERTY 4
P  −1  B  −1  P 
sin −1   = cos   = tan  
H  H B H
P
B H H
= cot −1   = sec −1   = cos ec −1  
P B P
B
PROPERTY 5

sin −1 x + cos −1 x = for all x   −1,1
2

tan −1 x + cot −1 x = for all x  R
2

sec −1 x + cos ec −1 x = for all x  R − ( −1,1)
2
PROPERTY 6
1
cos ec −1 = sin −1 x , for all x   −1,1 − 0
x
1
s ec −1 = cos −1 x , for all x   −1,1 − 0
x

1 
−1
 tan x if x  0
cot −1   = 
 + tan x
−1
 x  if x  0

FORMULAE FOR SUM, DIFFERENCE OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION:

 x+ y 
tan −1 x + tan −1 y = tan −1  
 1 − xy 
 x− y 
tan −1 x − tan −1 y = tan −1  
 1 + xy 


sin −1 x + sin −1 y = sin −1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x 2 
sin −1 x − sin −1 y = sin −1 x 1 − y 2
−y 1− x 
2

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 DIFFERENTIATION

cos −1 x + cos −1 y = cos −1 xy − 1 − x 2 1 − y 2 
cos −1 x − cos −1 y = cos −1 xy + 1 − x2 1− y 
2

 −1 2 x
 tan 1 − x 2
−1
2sin x = 
(
sin −1 2 x 1 − x 2
 ) 2cos−1 x = cos −1 ( 2 x2 − 1)


2 tan x = sin −1
−1 2x
cos −1 (1 − 2 x 2 )  1 + x2
  −1 1 − x 2
cos
 1 + x2

3sin −1 x = sin −1 ( 3x − 4 x3 )

3cos−1 x = cos−1 ( 4 x3 − 3x )

−1  3x − x3 
−1
3 tan x = tan  2 
 1 − 3x 

EXERCISE C
 1− x  2
1. Differentiate cos −1  2 
w.r.t. ‘x’.
 1+ x 
 1 
2. Differentiate sec −1  2  w.r.t. ‘x’.
 2x −1 
3. ( )
Differentiate sin −1 2 x 1 − x 2 w.r.t. ‘x’.

 2x 
4. Differentiate cos −1  2 
w.r.t. ‘x’.
1+ x 
5. Differentiate sin −1 ( 3x − 4 x3 ) w.r.t. ‘x’.
 3x − x3 
6. Differentiate tan −1  2 
w.r.t. ‘x’.
 1 − 3x 
 x1/3 + a1/3 
7. Differentiate tan −1   w.r.t. ‘x’.
 1 − ( ax )1/3 
 
 a − b tan x 
8. Differentiate tan −1   w.r.t. ‘x’.
 a + b tan x 
9. Differentiate sin −1  x 1 − x − x − x3  w.r.t. ‘x’.
 
 x +1 −1  x − 1 
10. Differentiate sec −1   + sin   w.r.t. ‘x’.
 x −1   x +1
 x − x −1 
11. Differentiate cos −1  −1 
w.r.t. ‘x’.
 x+x 
 2 x +1  3x 
12. Differentiate sin −1  x 
w.r.t. ‘x’.
 1 + 36 

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 DIFFERENTIATION
 x (3 − x ) 
13. Differentiate tan −1   w.r.t. ‘x’.
 1 − 3x 
 
14. ( )
If y = sin −1 6 x 1 − 9 x 2 then find
dy
dx
 2 
x +1
dy
15. If y = tan −1  x 
then find
1 − 4  dx
1 − 32 x  dy
16. If y = cos −1  2x 
then find
1 + 3  dx
 2  5x  dy
17. If y = sin −1  2x 
then find
1 + 5  dx
 5x   x  dy
18. If y = tan −1  2 
+ tan −1  2
then find
1 − 6 x  1 + 6 x  dx

TYPE IV: ANGLES ARE IN EXPRESSION OF SOME SPECIFIC SUBSTITITION

If the function contains an expression of the form:
(i ) a2 − x2 , put x = a sin  or a cos 

( ii ) a2 + x2 , put x = a tan  or a cot 

( iii ) x2 − a2 , put x = a sec  or a cos ec

a+x a−x a+x
( iv ) or or put x = a cos
a−x a+x 2
a+x a−x
(v) or put x = a tan 
a−x a+x
( vi ) 1 + x 2  1 − x 2 , put x 2 = cos 

EXERCISE D
 1 + x2 −1 
1. Differentiate tan −1   w.r.t. ‘x’.
 x 
 
2. Differentiate tan −1 ( )
1 + x 2 + x w.r.t. ‘x’.

 1+ x − 1− x 
3. Differentiate sin −1   w.r.t. ‘x’.
 2 
 a+x 
Differentiate tan −1 
 a − x 
4. w.r.t. ‘x’.
 
 x 
5. Differentiate tan −1   w.r.t. ‘x’.
 a −x 
2 2

a−x
6. Differentiate tan −1   w.r.t. ‘x’.
a+x

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 DIFFERENTIATION
 1 + x2 − 1 − x 
7. Differentiate tan −1   w.r.t. ‘x’.
 1 + x2 + 1 − x 
 
 1− x 
sin  2 tan −1 
1+ x  dy
8. If y = e 
then find
dx

EXERCISE E

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 DIFFERENTIATION

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 DIFFERENTIATION

ANSWERS

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 DIFFERENTIATION

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 DIFFERENTIATION

sin xy + y log x = 0 ⎯⎯
→ IMPLICIT FUNCTION

ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ⎯⎯
→ IMPLICIT FUNCTION

2 y = x3 + 3x 2 + 6 ⎯⎯
→ EXPLICIT FUNCTION

dy
To find in such case, we differentiate both sides of the given relation w.r.t. ‘x’ keeping in mind that
dx
the derivative of  ( y ) w.r.t. ‘x’ is
d
dx
 ( y ) =  ( y ) 
d
dy
dy
dx
For example:
d 2
dx
( y ) = ( y2 ) 
d
dy
dy
dx
= 2y
dy
dx
d d dy dy
( cos y ) = ( cos y )  = − sin y
dx dy dx dx
d
dx
log ( 2 y + 3) = log ( 2 y + 3) 
d
dy
dy
=
2 dy
dx 2 y + 3 dx

NOTE THAT
d 2
dy
( y ) = 2 y here differentiate w.r.t. ‘y’

dy  dy y
1 If xy = c 2 find .  Ans : =−
dx  dx x 
dy  dy 3x 2 − y 
2 If xy = x3 + y 3 , find .  Ans : = 
dx  dx x − 3 y 2 

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 DIFFERENTIATION
dy  dy y cos ( xy ) − 1 
3 If x + y = sin ( xy ) , find .  Ans : = 
dx  dx 1 − x cos ( xy ) 
dy  dy 2 
4 If 2 x + 3 y = sin y , find .  Ans : =
dx  dx cos y − 3 
dy  ( x + y) 
2
dy
5 If y − 3xy = x + 3x y , find
3 2 3 2
.  Ans : = 2 
dx  dx y − 2 xy − x 2 
 
dy  dy sin 2 x 
6 If sin 2 x + cos 2 y = 1 find .  Ans : =
dx  dx sin 2 y 
dy  dy 3x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 
7 If x3 + x 2 y + xy 2 + y 3 = 81 find .  Ans : =− 2 
dx  dx x + 2 xy + 3 y 2 

dy  dy  y  
1/3

8 If x + y = a find
2/3 2/3 2/3
.  Ans : = − 
dx  dx  x  
dy  dy sec 2 x − y 
9 If xy + y 2 = tan x + y find .  Ans : = .
dx  dx x + 2 y − 1 

dy
 dy y ( sec x tan x + 1) 
10 If y sec x + tan y + xy = 0 find .  Ans : = 
dx 

dx (
sec x + sec 2 y + x  )
dy  sec2 ( x + y ) 
If y = tan ( x + y ) find
dy
11 .  Ans : = 
dx  dx 1 − sec2 ( x + y ) 
dy  dy cos ( x + y ) − 3x 
2
12 If x + y = sin ( x + y ) , find
3 3
.  Ans : = 
dx  dx 3 y 2 − cos ( x + y ) 
dy dx dy dx
13 If ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 , find and . Also show that  =1
dx dy dx dy
 dy  ax + hy + g  
 Ans : = −  .
 dx  hx + by + f  
dy  dy  2 ( x + y ) 
14 If x 2 + 2 xy + y 3 = 42 find .  Ans : = − 2 
dx  dx  2 x + 3 y  
dy  dy ay − x 2 
15 If x3 + y 3 = 3axy , find .  Ans : = 2 
dx  dx y − ax 
dy  dy 4 (1 − 4 x + 3 y ) 
16 If 4 x + 3 y = log ( 4 x − 3 y ) find .  Ans : = .
dx  dx 3 ( 4 x − 3 y + 1) 
x2 y 2 dy  dy b2 x 
17 If 2 + 2 = 1 , find .  Ans : =− 2 
a b dx  dx a y
dy  dy y − x 4 
18 If x5 + y 5 = 5 xy find .  Ans : = 
dx  dx y 4 − x 
dy  dy ay − x − y 
If ( x + y ) = 2axy , find =
2
19 .  Ans : .
dx  dx x + y − ax 

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 DIFFERENTIATION
If ( x + y
 (
dy 4 x x + y − y
2 2
) 
) dy
.  Ans : .
2
20 2 2
= xy , find =
dx 

dx x − 4 y x 2 + y 2  ( )
dy  x
( )
dy
21 If tan −1 x 2 + y 2 = a , find .  Ans : =− .
dx  dx y
dy  dy sin ( x + y ) − y cos ( xy ) 
22 If sin xy + cos ( x + y ) = 1 , find .  Ans : = 
dx  dx x cos ( xy ) − sin ( x + y ) 

23 x− y x
If e = log   , find
dy

.  Ans :
dy y xe − 1 
= .
x− y


( )
 y dx 

dx x ye x − y − 1 
 ( )
dy  dy 1 + e ( x + y ) cos e − 3x y ( x + y ) 
( )
x x 2 2
24 If x 3 y 2 = log ( x + y ) + sin e x find  Ans : = 
dx  dx 2 x3 y ( x + y ) − 1 
dy
25 Find , if
dx
 y 
(i) x + y = a Ans : − 
 x 
 dy −3 x 2 (1 + 4 y ) 
(ii) x 3 + y 3 + 4x 3 y = 0  Ans : = 
 dx 4 x 2 + 3 y 2 
 x 
(iii) x x +y y =a a Ans : − 
 y 

x + xy + y = 1

 Ans : − (
y 2 x + y  ) 
( )
(iv)  
 x x +2 y 


(v) x 3 + x 2 y + xy 2 + y 3 = 81

Ans : −
(3 x + 2 xy + y 
2 2
) 

 ( )
x 2 + 2 xy + 3 y 2 

  1 + y sin ( xy )  
(vi) cos ( xy ) = x + y Ans : −  
  1 + x sin ( xy )  
  

(vii) x 2 y 2 = tan −1 ( )
x 2 + y 2 + cot −1 ( x2 +y2 ) 
Ans :

dy
dx
=− 
y
x
 dy 2 y cos 2 x + sin ( x + y ) 
If cos ( x + y ) = y sin 2x find
dy
26 .  Ans : =− 
dx  dx sin ( x + y ) + sin 2 x 
dy  y sec x tan x + y 
27 If y sec x + tan y + xy = 0 find .  Ans : − 
dx  sec x + sec 2 y + e x 
dy  2 x − ye x − e − y − y 
28 If xy + xe − y + ye x = x2 find .  Ans : 
dx  x − xe − y + e x 

y dy
 2 x 3 + y − x 2 y cos ( xy ) 
29 If sin ( xy ) + = x − y find
2 2
.  Ans : .
x dx 
 
x x 2 cos ( xy ) + 1 + 2 xy  
ACTIVE SITE EDUTECH- 9844532971
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 DIFFERENTIATION
 y dy x + y
30 ( )
If log x 2 + y 2 = 2 tan −1   , show that
 x
=
dx x − y
.

 y dy x + y
31 If log (x
+ y 2 ) = tan −1   , show that
2

x
=
dx x − y
.

y ( x2 y + x + y )
If xy log ( x + y ) = 1, prove that
dy
32 =− .
dx x ( xy 2 + x + y )
dy
33 If xy = 1 , prove that +y2 =0
dx
dy
34 If xy 2 = 1 , prove that 2 +y3 =0
dx
y x dy x − 17 y
35 If + = 6 show that =
x y dx 17 x − y
dy y y2
36 If y + x + y − x = c show that = − 2 −1
dx x x

37 If e + e = e
x y x+ y
prove that
dy
=− y x
(
ex ey − 1
or
)
dy
= −e y − x .
dx (
e e −1 )
dx
 x2 − y 2  dy y
38 If cos −1  2 2 
= tan −1 a, prove that = .
 x + y  dx x
 x+ y dy y
39 If sec   = a , prove that =
 x− y dx x
 x2 − y 2  dy x (1 − tan a )
40 If tan −1  2 2 
= a , prove that = .
x +y  dx y (1 + tan a )
dy y
41 ( )
If xy = tan xy then show that
dx
=−
x
dy ey
42 If y = 1 + xe y , show that =
dx 2 − y
y2
If log ( x + y ) = log ( xy ) + a , show that
dy
43 =− 2
dx x
44 ( )
If y x 2 + 1 = log x 2 + 1 − x , show that x2 + 1 (
dy
dx
)
+ xy + 1 = 0

x3 −y3  dy 99 x 2
45 If log10  3 3 
= 2, show that = −
x +y  dx 101 y 2
 1 y 
 − 2 
x y dy  dy a x + y2
46 If y = b tan −1  + tan −1  find Ans : = 
a x dx  dx 1 y x 
 sec 2 − 2 
 b b x + y2 
1 1 dy 1
47 If x2 + y 2 = t − and x4 + y 4 = t 2 + 2 , show that = 3
t t dx x y
dy y
48 If y = x.sin y prove that x  =
dx 1 − x cos y
ACTIVE SITE EDUTECH- 9844532971
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 DIFFERENTIATION
dy sin ( a + y )
2

49 If sin y = x sin ( a + y ) , prove that = .

dx sin a
sin 2 ( a + y )
If y = x sin ( a + y ) , prove that
dy
50 = .
dx sin ( a + y ) − y cos ( a + y )
dy sin ( a + y )
2

51 If x sin ( a + y ) + sin a cos ( a + y ) = 0 , prove that = .

dx sin a
dy cos ( a + y )
2

52 If cos y = x cos ( a + y ) , prove that = .

dx sin a
dy sin b
53 If sin x = y sin ( x + b) , show that = 2 .
dx sin ( x + b )
x 1 + y + y (1 + x ) = 0 , prove that
dy 1
54 If =−
( x + 1)
2
dx

(1 + x ) = 0 , prove that (1 + x )2
dy
55 If x 1 + y + y +1 = 0 .
dx
1− y2
( )
dy
56 If y 1 − x 2 + x 1 − y 2 = 1 Prove that =− .
dx 1 − x2
1− y2
( )
dy
57 If 1 − x 2 + 1 − y 2 = a ( x − y ) Prove that = .
dx 1 − x2
 dy 
58 If (1 − x ) + 4
(
1 − y4 = a x2 − y2 ) Prove that y 1 − x 4   = x 1 − y 4 .
 dx 
dy  x 2  1 − y 6
59 If (1 − x ) + 6
(
1− y = a x − y
6 3 3
) Prove that = 
dx  y 2  1 − x 6
.

dy xn−1 1 − y2n
60 If 2n 2n
(
1 − x + 1 − y = a x − y , n  N prove thatn
=
dx y n−1
n
) 1 − x2n
dy 2 x
61 If y + x + y − x = a , then show that =
dx a 2
cos 3 x dy 3
62 If y = cos −1 3
then show that =
cos x dx cos x cos 3x
 2x  

If y = log cos x ( sin x )  log ( Cos x )
−1 dy
63 + sin −1  2 
. Find at x =
1 + x 
sin x
dx 4
  4 1 
Ans : 8  2 − 
   + 16 log 2 
dy y
If y = xe then prove that
y
64 =
dx x ( 1 − y )

65 If y = 1 + 1 + x4 then prove that y y 2 − 1 ( ) dy

dx
=x 3

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 DIFFERENTIATION

The process of taking logarithms before differentiation is called logarithmic differentiation.

We use the following properties of logarithm to differentiate any function with the help of log

Rules of Logarithms

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 DIFFERENTIATION

1 Differentiate the following function with respect to x :

(i) xx  Ans : x x 1 + loge x
− x2  e− x
2
− x2  1 
(ii) xe  Ans : x  e  − 2 x log x 
 x 
( sin x )  
 Ans : ( sin x ) tan x 1 + sec 2 x  log ( sin x ) 
tan x
(iii)
 
sin −1 x
  −1 x
sin −1 x  sin log x 
(iv) x  Ans : x  + 
  x 1 − x2 
(v) ( tanx )
sin x
 Ans : ( tan x )sin x sec x + cos x  log ( tan x ) 
 
tan −1 x  tan −1 x 
 log ( cos x ) 

( cos x )  Ans : ( cos x )
−1
(vi) − tan x  tan x + 
 
 1+ x 2


 sin x  sin x 
(vii) xsin x  Ans : x cos x.log x + x  .
  

 log x  log sin x 

( sin x )  Ans : ( sin x )  + cot x.log x  .
log x
(viii)
  x 

( cos x )  Ans : ( cos x ) x log cos x − x tan x  .

x
(ix)
 

  log x 1 
( x)
x
(x)  Ans : x
x
 +  .
 2 x x 

 sin x  sin x 
( log x )  Ans : ( log x ) log ( log x ) .cos x +
sin x
(xi)  .
  x log x 

 cos x  cos 2 x 
( sin x )  Ans : ( sin x ) − sin x log sin x +
cos x
(xii)  .
  sin x 

−1  cos −1 x
 − log x cos −1 x 
x cos +
x
(xiii)  Ans : x   .
  1 − x 2 x 

cos −1 x  cos−1 x  log sin x 

(xiv) ( sin x )  Ans : ( sin x )
−1
cos x.cot x −  .
  1 − x 2 

x   1 
x x  Ans : x x .x x . (1 + log x ) .log x + 
x
(xv)
  x 

(x )  Ans : x.x x ( 2 log x + 1)  .

x 2
x
(xvi)
 

 x  x sin x 
(1 + cos x )  Ans : (1 + cos x ) log (1 + cos x ) − 1 + cos x  .
x
(xvii)
  

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 DIFFERENTIATION
(xviii) 10logsin x  Ans :10logsin x log10.cot x

 x  1 
( sin x ) ( ) x
x
−1 −1 −1
(xix)  Ans : sin x log sin x + −1   .
  sin x 1 − x 
2

 1/ x  1 sec2 x 
( tan x ) ( )
1
1/ x
(xx)  Ans : tan x −
 2 log tan x +  .
  x x tan x 

−1  tan −1 x  tan
−1
x log x 
x tan +
x
(xxi)  Ans : x   .
  x 1 + x 2 

(xxii) ( )
sin x x  ( )
 Ans : cos x x  x x (1 + log x )  .


(10 )  Ans :10(10x ).10 x. log 10 2  .

( e )
x

(xxiii) 10
 
 1 + log ( log x ) 
log x  
( log x )  Ans : ( log x ) 
log x
(xxiv) 
 
 x 


(xxv) x1/ x  Ans : x1/ x 1 − log x 

 
 
2
 x

 3cos 2 x  cos 2 x 
( 5x )  Ans : 3 ( 5x )
3cos 2 x
(xxvi)  − 2 log 5 x  sin 2 x 
  x 

( x sin x )  Ans : ( x sin x )x 1 + log x + x cot x + log sin x

x
(xxvii)
 

 1
 tan x log ( sec x )  
( )
1
(xxviii) ( sec x ) 2 x
 Ans : 2 sec 2 x

x
 −
x2

 x  

 x x2 sin x 
( x cos x − sin x ) ( ) ( ) x cos x − sin x 
x
(xxix)  Ans : x cos x − sin x log x cos x − sin x −
  

( sin x − cos x )
sin x + cos x
(xxx)

 
sin x +cos x  ( sin x + cos x )
 2

 Ans : ( sin x − cos x ) 



sin x − cos x
+ ( cos x − sin x ) log ( sin x − cos x ) 

 
 

dy
If y = ( sin x ) + ( cos x )
tan x sec x
2 , find
dx
 Ans : ( sin x ) tan x sec 2 x log sin x + 1 + ( cos x )sec x sec x.tan x.log cos x − sec x tan x
 

 x  1  log x  2 log x 
Differentiate ( log x ) + xlog x w.r.t x.  Ans : ( log x ) log log x + + x 
x
3 
  log x   x 

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 DIFFERENTIATION
Differentiate ( x cos x ) + ( x sin x )
x 1/ x
4 w.r.t x.

 1/ x 1 + x cot x − log ( x sin x ) 

 Ans : ( x cos x ) 1 − x tan x + log ( x cos x ) + ( x sin x )
x

 x2 
x  1
 1 1+ 
5 Differentiate  x +  + x x  w.r.t x.
 x

  1   x2 −1
x
 1   1+ 1x  x + 1 log x 
 Ans :  x +   2 + log  x +   + x  2 − 2 
  x   x +1  x   x x 

 cos x 
Differentiate ( sin x ) + sin x w.r.t x.  Ans : ( sin x )  x cot x + log ( sin x ) +
x x
6 
 2 x 

dy  sin x  sin x  
If y = xsin x + ( sin x ) , find  Ans : x cos x log x + x  + ( sin x )  x cot x + log ( sin x )
x x
7
dx    

dy
If y = ( sin x ) + ( cos x )
cos x sin x
8 , find
dx
 Ans : ( sin x )cos x − sin x log sin x + cos x cot x + ( cos x )sin x cos x log cos x − sin x tan x
 
dy
If y = ( tan x ) + ( cot x )
cot x tan x
9 , find
dx
 Ans : ( tan x )cot x cos ec 2 x (1 − log tan x ) + ( cot x )tan x sec 2 x log cot x − 1
 
dy
10 If y = x x + ( sin x ) , find
x  Ans : x x 1 + log x + ( sin x ) x  x cot x + log ( sin x )
dx  

+ ( x − 3) find
x2 − 3 x2 dy
11 If x
dx
dy
If x sin x + ( sin x )
cos x
12 find
dx
x2 + 1 dy
13 If x
x cos x
+ 2 find
x −1 dx
dy
If y + x + x = a then find
x x by
14
dx
x2 + 1 dy
15 If xtan x + then find
2 dx
dy  y cos x  log y sin x − cos y  x cos y −1 
16 If xcos y + y cos x = ab then find  y cos x −1  cos x − x cos y .log x sin y 
Ans :
dx 

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 DIFFERENTIATION
dy
17 If y = cos ( x x ) then find  ( )
 Ans : − x x sin x x . ( log x + 1) 

dx
dy  
18 If y = log ( x x + cos ec2 x ) find
dx 
1 x

 Ans : x x + cos ec 2 x x (1 + log x ) − 2 cos ec x cot x 
2



2( x + 3 )
dy
If y = x .e
x
19 find  Ans : x x e 2( x +3) ( 3 + log x ) 
dx  
dy  x+  2 x + 1
1

20 If y = ( x x ) x find  Ans : x 2
 + log x 
dx   2x 
dy
21 If y = e3 x sin 4 x.2 x find
 Ans : e3 x .sin 4 x.2x 3 + 4cot 4 x + log 2
dx 
dy
If y = e + 10 + x find  Ans : e x + 10x log10 + x x log ( ex ) 
x x x
22
dx 
dy
If y = x + n + x + n find  Ans : nx n−1 + n x log n + x x log ( ex ) 
n x x n
23
dx 
If y = ( sin x ) + log x + ( log x )
x tan x
24 +x a

If y = 10 + x x + x 10
xx 10 x
25
dy
26 If y = sin x.sin 2 x.sin3x.sin 4 x find
dx
Ans : sin x.sin 2 x.sin 3x.sin 4 x cot x + 2cot 2 x + 3cot 3x + 4cot 4 x
Differentiate ( x + 1) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) with respect to x.
2 3 4
27
 4 2 4 
 Ans : ( x + 1) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) 
2 3 3
+ + 
  x + 1 x + 2 x + 3 
Differentiate ( x + 1) ( 2 x + 3 ) ( 7 − 3x )
3/2 5/2 7/2
28 with respect to x.
 7/2 
 21  
 Ans : ( x + 1) ( 2 x + 3 ) ( 7 − 3 x ) 
3/2 5/2 3 5
+ − 
  2 ( x + 1) ( 2 x + 3 ) ( 7 − 3 x ) 
  

x +1  x +1  1 2 4 
29 If y =  Ans : 4 
− − 
(x + 2 ) (x + 3 ) ( x + 2) ( x + 3)  x + 1 x + 2 ( x + 3) 
2

2 4

   
3x −1 Ans : 3x −1  1 2 2 
30 If y = 3  − + 
( 2 x + 3 )(5 − x ) 
(2x + 3 )(5 − x ) 3 x − 1 3 ( 2 x + 3 ) 5 (5 − x ) 
2 3 2
 

If y = ( x + 1) ( 2x + 3 ) (7 − 3x )
3/2 5/2 7/2
31
 
 

 Ans : ( x + 1 ) ( 2 x + 3 ) (7 − 3 x )
3/2 5/2 7/2 3 5 21
 + − 

  2 ( x + 1 ) ( 2 x + 3 ) 2 (7 − 3 x
 ) 
( x − 1) ( 2 x − 1) ( )
3
2
 x 2 − 1 ( 2 x − 1)  6 x
3

y=
dy
 2 1 2 
32 If find . Ans :  2 + − − 
( x − 3)( 4 x − 1) dx 

( x − 3)( 4 x − 1)  x − 1 2 x − 1 2 ( x − 3) 4 x − 1 


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 DIFFERENTIATION
eax .sec x.log x dy  e x sec x log x  1 1 
33 If y = find  Ans : a + tan x + + 
1 − 2x dx  1− 2x  x log x 1 − 2 x 

1 − x 2 ( 2 x − 3)  
1/2
dy 1 − x 2
( 2 x − 3 )
1/ 2
 x 1 4x
34 If y = find  Ans : − + − 
(x ) 
( ) ( ) 
2/3
+2  1 − x 2 x − 3 3 x + 2
2/3 2
2 dx x 2
+ 2
2

x ( x + 4)  x ( x + 4) 
3/ 2
dy  
3/ 2
1 3 16
35 If y = find  Ans :  + − 
( 4 x − 3)
4/3
dx  ( 4 x − 3)
4/3

 2 x 2 ( x + 4 ) 3 ( 4 x − 3 )  


(cos x )  2  ( x
2 x2 3
− 2x + 1 ) find dy .  3x 2 − 2 1 
36 If − tan x + 2 x log2 + − − 1
( tan x )( cos x ) e x −2 dx 
 x − 2x + 1 sin x cos x
3

 ( cos x )  2 x − 1 
x
( cos x )
x

37 Differentiate with respect to x.  Ans :



1 + x − x2 
log ( cos x ) − x tan x + 
1 + x − x 2 
1 + x − x2
 
38 If x y = e x− y prove that dy
=
log x
. or dy = log x
dx (1 + log x ) 2
dx log ( ex )2

dy x log 5 − y
39 If x y = 5x − y , then prove that =
dx x log 5 x
dy  yx y −1 + y x log y 
40 If x y + y x = 2 , find .  Ans : − 
 y x −1 
dx   x log x + xy 

x y = y x find dy  y  x log y − y 
41 If .  Ans :   .
dx  x  y log x − x 

dy  log sin y + y tan x 

If ( cos x ) = ( sin y ) find
y x
42 .  Ans : .
dx  log cos x − x cot y 
x x + y x = 1 prove that  x (1 + log x ) + y .log y 
 
x x
43 If dy
= − x −1 
dx 
 x. y 

 y ( y + x log y ) 

44 If x y . y x = 1 prove that dy 
= − 
dx  x ( y log x + x ) 
 
dy ( x + y ) 1 + log ( x + y ) − yx − y log y
x+ y y −1 x

If x + y = ( x + y )
x+ y
45 y x
prove that = y
dx x log x + xy x −1 − ( x + y ) x + y 1 + log ( x + y )
dy my
46 If x m y n = 1 prove that =− .
dx nx
dy (1 + log y )
2
y−x
47 If y =e
x
prove that =
dx log y
dy log cos y − y cot x
48 If ( sin x ) = ( cos x ) prove that
y
= y

dx log sin x + x tan y

dy log tan y + y tan x
49 If ( cos x ) = ( tan y ) prove that
y x
= .
dx log cos x − x sec y cos ecy

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32
 DIFFERENTIATION
dy ( log y )
2

If e = y , prove that
y x
50 = .
dx log y − 1
dy y
51 If x m y n = ( x + y )
m+ n
= .
, prove that
dx x
dy y
52 If x13 y 7 = ( x + y ) , prove that
20
= .
dx x
dy
53 If x16 y 9 = ( x 2 + y ) , prove that x
25
= 2y .
dx
dy y
54 If x m y n = ( x − y ) , prove that
m+ n
= .
dx x
dy y
55 If x3 y 4 = ( x − y ) , prove that
7
= .
dx x
dy y
56 If x 2 y 3 = ( x − y ) , prove that
5
= .
dx x
dy y
57 If x2 y = ( 2 x + 3 y ) , prove that
3
= .
dx x
dy y
58 If x3 y 4 = ( x + y ) , prove that
7
= .
dx x
x

59 (
If x − y  e ) x− y
= a then show that y
dy
dx
+ x = 2y
dy x −y
60 If x = e x / y prove that =
dx x log x
dy
y = 1010 + x10 + 10 x .
x x 10
61 Find
dx
ax 2 bx c
62 If y= + + +1 prove that
( x − a)( x − b)( x − c) ( x − b)( x − c) x − c
dy y  a b c 
=  + + 
dx x  a − x b − x c − x 
x x x sin x
63 Given cos  cos  cos  ......... =
that prove that
2 4 8 x
1 x 1 x 1
2
sec 2 + 4 sec 2 + ......... = cos ec 2 x − 2
2 2 2 4 x
64 ( )( )(
Find the derivative of the function given by f ( x) = ( 1 + x) 1 + x 2 1 + x 4 1 + x 8 ) and
hence find f  1 ()
x dy y log y ( x log x log y + 1)
If y = x then show
y
65 =
dx (1 − x log x ) x log x

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 DIFFERENTIATION
Differentiation of Infinite Series
When the value of y is given as an infinite series, then we use the fact that, if one term is deleted from an
infinite series, it remains unaffected, to replace all terms except first term by y. Thus, we convert it into a
finite series or function.

x .......  dy y2
If y = x =
x
1 , Prove that .
dx x (1 − y log x )

( Sinx ).......  dy y 2Cotx

2 If y = ( Sinx )( Sinx ) Prove that =
dx (1 − y log Sinx)

(Cosx )(Cosx ).......  dy − y 2 tan x

3 If y = ( Cosx ) Prove that =
dx (1 − y log Cosx)

dy 
4 If y = ( tan x )( tan x )
( tan x )....... 
Prove that = 2 at x =
dx 4

dy cos x
5 If y = sin x + sin x + sin x + ....... , Prove that = .
dx ( 2 y − 1)

dy
6 If y = x + x + x + ....... Prove that (2 y − 1) =1
dx

If y = x + x + x + ....... Prove that (2 y − 1)

2 2 2 dy
7 = 2x
dx

dy nx n −1
If y = x + x + x + ....... Prove that =
n n n
8
dx 2 y − 1

dy a x  log a
If y = a + a + a + ....... Prove that =
x x x
9
dx 2 y −1

dy sin x  ecos x
10 If y = ecos x + ecos x + ecos x + ....... Prove that =
dx 1− 2 y

dy Sinx
11 If y = Cosx + Cosx + Cosx + ..... Prove that =
dx 1 − 2 y

dy Sec 2 x
12 If y = tan x + tan x + tan x + ..... Prove that =
dx (2 y − 1)

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34
 DIFFERENTIATION
dy cos ec 2 x
13 If y = cot x + cot x + cot x + ..... Prove that =−
dx (2 y − 1)

dy 1
14 If y = log x + log x + log x + ..... Prove that =
dx x(2 y − 1)

........ 
ax dy y 2 log y
15 If y = a x , Prove that = .
dx x (1 − y log x.log y )

........ 
2x dy y 2 log y
16 If y = 2 x , Prove that = .
dx x (1 − y log x.log y )

x +ex......... dy  y 
17 If y = ex +e show that = 
dx  1 − y 

x + a x......... dy  y log a 
18 If y = a x + a show that = 
dx  1 − y log a 

( e )( )
e x ...... 

( )
x 2
y= e x dy y
19 If show that =
dx 1 − xy
x ......... 
x dy y2
20 If y = x Prove that =
dx x(2 − y log x)

1 dy y
21 If y = x + Prove that = .
x+
1 dx (2 y − x)
1
x+
1
x+
x + .......

1 dy 2 xy
22 If y = x 2 + Prove that = .
x2 +
1 dx (2 y − x 2 )
1
x2 +
1
x2 +
x + .......
2

sin x dy (1 + y ) cos x + y sin x

23 If y = Prove that =
1+
cos x dx 1 + 2 y + cos x − sin x
sin x
1+
cos x
1+
1 + .................

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35
 DIFFERENTIATION
x2 + y + 1
then prove that (1 + x 2 )
x dy
24 If y = tan −1 x + =
tan −1 x +
x dx 2 y − tan −1 x
−1
tan x + ..............

dy y + 1 − x 2
(1 − x ) dx = 2 y − sin −1 x
x
25 If y = sin −1 x + then prove that 2
x
sin −1 x + −1
sin x + ..............

dy y2 − x
26 If y = x + y + x + y + ......... then prove that =
dx 2 y 3 − 2 xy − 1

ex ex xe
27 If y = e x + xe + e x Prove that

x e  x 1 
x
ex ex xe
e x .xe .  + e x log x  + x e .ee .  + e x .log x  + e x .x x .x e −1 1 + e log x
e

x  x 

Let f ( x ) = x + compute the value of f ( 50 )  f  ( 50 )

1
28
1
2x +
1
2x +
2 x + ......

f ( x) = x +  f ( x) = x +
1 1
1 x + f ( x)
x+x+
1
2x +
2 x + ......

 f ( x) − x =
1
   
 f ( x ) − x x + f ( x ) = 1  f ( x ) − x2 = 1 
2

x + f ( x)

2 f ( x ) f ( x ) − 2x = 0
 f ( x) f ( x) − x = 0
 f ( x) f ( x) = x
 f ( 50 ) f  ( 50 ) = 50

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36
 DIFFERENTIATION

Differentiation of a Function in Parametric Form

In the last section, we have learnt explicit and implicit functions where x and y are connected with each other
in some relation. But sometimes the relation between x and y is neither explicit or non-implicit, but some
link of a third variable with each of the two variables. In such situation, we say that the relation between x
and y is expressed via third variables i.e., t or 𝜽 etc. The third variable is called parameter and the relation
between two variables i.e., x =f(t), y = g(t) is said to be parametric form with t as a parameter.

𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡)

Differentiating x w.r.t. ‘t’ Differentiating y w.r.t. ‘t’

𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑
∴ = 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑓́ (𝑡) ∴
𝑑𝑡
=
𝑑𝑡
𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑔́ (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

By Chain Rule 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑔́ (𝑡)
= × = 𝑑𝑡 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑓́ (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡

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37
 DIFFERENTIATION

ACTIVE SITE EDUTECH- 9844532971

38
 DIFFERENTIATION
ANSWERS

ACTIVE SITE EDUTECH- 9844532971

39
 DIFFERENTIATION

ANSWERS

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40
 DIFFERENTIATION

1 Find the second derivative of the following functions:

4  8
x3 + 3x 2 + Ans : 6 x + 6 +
x  x 3 
(i)

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41
 DIFFERENTIATION
 9 
(ii) log ( 3 x − 4 )  Ans : − 2
 ( 3x − 4 ) 
(iii) e x sin 3x  Ans : e x ( 6cos3x − 8sin 3x ) 
(iv) sin 2 2x  Ans : 4cos 4 x 
(v) cos3 3x  Ans : 27cos3x 2sin 2 3x − cos 2 3x
d2y
2 Find
dx 2
 1 
(i) x = a ( + sin  ) and y = a (1 + cos )  Ans : − sec 4 
 4a 2
(ii) x = a ( cos  +  sin  ) and y = a ( sin  −  cos  )
 1 
 Ans : sec3  
a 
(iii) x = 2cos t − cos 2t and y = 2sit − sin 2t .

 3 3  3t   t 
 Ans : sec   cos ec  
 8 2  2 
(iv) x = 3sin 2 + 2sin3 and y = 2cos3 − 3cos 2
 3   
 sec  
 Ans : −
1 2
  5 
cos   
24
  2  
d2y  1 
(v) If x = a cos  , y = a sin  find 2 .  Ans : sec 4  cos ec 
3 3

dx  3a 
 1 
x = at 2 and y = 2at  Ans : −
2at 3 
(vi) If

 t  1 
(vii) If x = a sin t and y = a  cos t + log tan  ,  Ans : sec 4 t cos ect 
 2  2 
 cos ec 3 
x = 3cos − 2cos  3
y = 3sin  − 2sin   Ans : −
3

3cos 2 
(viii) and


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 DIFFERENTIATION
−1 d2y x
3 If y = sin x , show that = .
dx 2 (1 − x 2 )3/2

d2y
4 If
−1
y = cos x , find in terms of y alone.  Ans : − cos ec 2 y cot y 
dx 2
2
d 2 y  dy 
5 e ( x + 1) = 1 show that 2 =  
y

dx  dx 
d2y
6 If y = sin mx show that 2
+ m2 y = 0
dx .

7 If y = cos −1 x show that (1 − x ) y2

2 − xy1 = 0

d2y dy
8 If y = sin ( log x ) show that x 2
+ x + y=0
dx 2 dx
d2y
9 If y = A cos nx + B sin nx , show that 2
+ n2 y = 0
dx
d2y
10 If y = 5cos x − 3sin x, show that + y=0
dx 2
d2y dy
11 If y = Ae + Be
mx nx
, show that − ( m + n ) + mny = 0 .
dx 2 dx
−x d 2 y dy
12 If y = ae + be
2x
show that − − 2y = 0
dx 2 dx
13 If y = eax  cos bx show that y2 − 2ay1 + ( a 2 + b 2 ) y = 0

14 If y = e ax sin bx , show that y2 − 2ay1 + ( a 2 + b 2 ) y = 0

d2y dy
15 If y = A cos ( log x ) + B sin ( log x ) , prove that x 2
+ x + y=0 .
dx 2 dx
d2y cosx
16 If y = tan x + sec x , prove that =
dx 2 (1 − sin x )2

17 If y = tan x , prove that y2 = 2 yy1

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 DIFFERENTIATION
−7 x d2y
18 If y = 500e + 600e 7x
show that = 49 y .
dx 2

x 2 y 2 = n ( n + 1) y .
b
19 If y = ax n+1 + show that
xn
d2y  x 1 
y=x ( + ) +
x 2
Ans : x  1 log x 
dx 2  x 
20 If , find


21 If y = log x + x + a 2 2
 prove that ( x + a )
d2y
dx 2
+ x
dy
2

dx
=0 2

d2y
y = sin x , then prove that (1 − x ) 2 − x = 0
−1 dy 2
22 If
dx dx
23 If log y = tan −1 x show that (1 + x ) y + ( 2 x − 1) y
2
2 1 =0

y = ( tan −1 x ) (x + 1) y2 + 2 x ( x 2 + 1) y1 = 2
2 2 2
24 If , show that

y = ( cos −1 x ) (1 − x ) y − xy = 2
2 2 2
25 If , show that 2 1

show that (1 − x ) y − xy − m y = 0
−1
26 If y = em cos x 2
2 1
2

27 If y = sin ( sin x ) , prove that y2 + tan x  y1 + y cos 2 x = 0

28 If y = cos ( a sin −1 x ) show that (1 − x ) y 2

2 − xy1 + a 2 y = 0

y = sin ( m tan −1 x ) , prove that ( 1 + x 2 ) y2 + 2 x ( 1 + x 2 ) y1 + m 2 y = 0 .

2
29 If

2
d 2 y  dy 
30 If e y
( x + 1) = 1 , show that = 
dx 2  dx 

  (x + 1) y2 + xy1 − m2 y = 0 .
m
31 If y = x + x +1 2
, show that
2

sin −1 x d2y
, show that (1 − x )
dy
32 If y= 2
− 3 x −y=0 2

1− x 2 dx dx

1  d2y
, show that (1 + x )
dy
33 If x = tan  log y  + ( 2 x − 2
a ) =0
a  dx 2 dx

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 DIFFERENTIATION
2
d 2 y 1  dy  y
34 If y=x x
, prove that −   − =0
dx 2 y  dx  x

35 If x = sin t , y = cos pt show that (1 + x ) y

2
2
− xy1 + p 2 y = 0 .

d2y   32 
at  = x = a cos3  y = a sin 3  .  Ans :
27 a 
36 Find If and
dx 2 6 
37 If x = a cos + bsin and y = a sin  − b cos , prove that
d2y dy
y 2
2
− x + y=0.
dx dx
d2y 6a 2
38 If x − xy + y = a
2 2 2
show that =
dx 2 ( x − 2 y )3

d2y h 2 − ab
39 If ax + 2hxy + by = 1
2 2
show that =
dx 2 ( hx + by )3
2
d 2 y  dy 
40 If x +y =a
2 2 2
show that y 2 =   +1 = 0
dx  dx 
d2 y 24
41 If xy + 4 y = 3x , prove that =−
( x + 4)
2 3
dx

 y  x
42 cos −1   = n log   show that x 2 y2 + xy1 + n 2 y = 0 .
n n
2
 x  d2y 1  a 
43 If y = x log   , prove that 2 =  
 a + bx  dx x  a + bx 
2
 x   dy 
2
3 d y
44 If y = x log   , prove that x =  x − y 
 a + bx  dx 2  dx 

= 2 x , then prove that ( x 2 − 1) y2 + xy1 − m 2 y = 0

1 1
−
45 If y +ym m

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 DIFFERENTIATION
3/2
  dy  2 
1 +   
  dx  
( x − a) + ( y − b) = c2
2 2
46 If , prove that is a constant independent of a
d2y
dx 2
and b.

d 3 y d 2 y dy
47 If y = log (1 + cos x ) prove that +  =0
dx 2 dx 2 dx

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