North South University

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

LAB REPORT
Course Code: EEE141L .2
Course Title: EEE141L Electrical Circuits Lab
Course Instructor: Dr. Mohammad Abdul Matin
Experiment Number: 03
Experiment Name:
Loading Effect of Voltage Divider Circuit

Experiment Date: 14/11/2021

Date of Submission: 20/11/2021
Section: 02
Group Number: None
Submitted To: Tabia Hossain
Submitted By Score

Student Name and ID:

Name: Md. Misbah Khan
ID: 2132089643
Objectives:
• To analyze how the voltage divider circuit behaves when there is no load resistance
connected.
• Evaluate the performance of voltage divider circuit due to loading.

List of Components:
• Breadboard .
• Digital Multimeter (DMM) .
• Connecting Wire.
• 2 × 560Ω resistors
• 1 × (0-10kΩ) variable resistor
• NI Multisim 14.0 software

Theory:
Voltage Divider circuit is a way to convert a DC voltage to another lower DC voltage
If we take a voltage divider circuit like this:

Figure 1: (a) A Voltage divider (b) A Potentiometer Figure 2: With Output Load Connected

Here we can see voltage drop across R2 is the output voltage Vout. Vout is less than Vin
because the total voltage across R1 and R2 must add up to Vin. A potentiometer can also
be used to change Vout by changing the resistive value of R2. As the value of R2 is
changed, it allows the output voltage to be adjusted from 0 to Vin. In Figure 1, there is
no output load (𝑅3) connected in parallel to 𝑅2 so we can call it a No-Load circuit.
𝑅2
According to Voltage Divider Rule: Vout = Vin (1)
𝑅1 + 𝑅2
In Figure 2 we add up an extra load voltage(R3) with R2. Now value of Req will be count as
R2 ∥ R3 and R2 will be replaced by Req in equation (1).
Circuit diagram:

2 2

R1 R1
560Ω 560Ω

V1 3
V1 3
10V R2 10V R3 R2
560Ω 1kΩ 560Ω
0
0

Circuit with extra load resistance Circuit with extra load resistance

Data:

Table 1:
RL Vout Vout %Error
(Measured) (Calculated)
No resistor 5v 5v 0%

1k 3.906 v 3.906 v 0%

4k 4.673 v 4.673 v 0%

7k 4.808 v 4.808 v 0%

10k 4.864 v 4.864 0%

Output voltage without extra load Output voltage with extra 1k Ω load
Theoretical calculation:

Without any load resistor,

Req = (560 + 560) Ω
= 1120 Ω
560
Vout = × 10
1120
=5V

|(5 – 5)|
Error = % = 0%
5

With 1kΩ load resistor,

560 ×1000
Req = Ω
560+1000
= 358.974 Ω
358.974
Vout = × 10
358.974+560
= 3.906 V

|(3.906 – 3.906)|
Error = % = 0%
3.906

With 4kΩ load resistor,

560 ×4000
Req = Ω
560+4000
= 491.228 Ω
491.228
Vout = × 10
491.228 +560
= 4.673 V

|(4.673 – 4.673)|
Error = % = 0%
4.673

With 7kΩ load resistor,

560 ×7000
Req = Ω
560+7000
= 518.518 Ω
518.518
Vout = × 10
518.518 + 560
= 4.808 V
 |(4.808 – 4.808)|
Error = % = 0%
4.808

With 10kΩ load resistor,

560 ×10000
Req = Ω
560+10000
= 530.303 Ω
530.303
Vout = × 10
530.303 + 560
= 4.864 V

|(4.864 –4.864)|
Error = % = 0%
4.864

Questions and Answers:

Answer of question 1: Loading Effect of Voltage Divider Circuit is the more load on circuit
(here load is resistance), the less current will flow throughout the circuit. This is also
seen in our experiment, with no extra load, the output voltage was 5 v. After adding
1kΩ extra load resistance, the output voltage decreased at 3.906 v. After that we add a 4
kΩ resistance in our circuit with R2 in paralle. Which apperantely decreased the
equvalent resistance of the circuit. So the output voltage increased at4.673 v. Same
thing happened when we replaced the resistor with 7 kΩ & 10 kΩ resistance. So we can
tell that the more the resistance we add, the less output voltage we’ll get .

Answer of question 2:

Without any load resistor,

Req = (560 + 560) Ω
= 1120 Ω
560
Vout = × 10
1120
=5V

|(5 – 5)|
Error = % = 0%
5
With 1kΩ load resistor,
560 ×1000
Req = Ω
560+1000
= 358.974 Ω
358.974
Vout = × 10
358.974+560
= 3.906 V

|(3.906 – 3.906)|
Error = % = 0%
3.906

With 4kΩ load resistor,

560 ×4000
Req = Ω
560+4000
= 491.228 Ω
491.228
Vout = × 10
491.228 +560
= 4.673 V

|(4.673 – 4.673)|
Error = % = 0%
4.673

With 7kΩ load resistor,

560 ×7000
Req = Ω
560+7000
= 518.518 Ω
518.518
Vout = × 10
518.518 + 560
= 4.808 V

|(4.808 – 4.808)|
Error = % = 0%
4.808

With 10kΩ load resistor,

560 ×10000
Req = Ω
560+10000
= 530.303 Ω
530.303
Vout = × 10
530.303 + 560
= 4.864 V
 |(4.864 –4.864)|
Error = % = 0%
4.864

Answer of question 3: The theoretical data shows that the load effect of voltage
divider circuit is equal to the experimental readings. This result supports the theory that
less current will flow through the circuit if we add up more resistance.

Discussion: In this experiment we learned about how the voltage divider

circuit behaves when there is no load resistance connected. We learned to evaluate
the performance of voltage divider circuit due to loading. By this experiment, we know
that if we increase the resistance, the output voltage will drop. The more we add
resistive load, the less current will flow through the circuit. We did this experiment in
NI Multisim 14.0 app.

As experimental readings are computer generated by NI Multisim 14.0 software. So,

all of the values are errorless.