North South University

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

LAB REPORT
Course Code: EEE141L.2
Course Title: EEE141L Electrical Circuits Lab
Course Instructor: Dr. Mohammad Abdul Matin
Experiment Number: 01
Experiment Name:
Exp1.1: Verification of Ohm’s Law
Exp1.2: KVL, and Voltage Divider Rule using Series Circuit.

Experiment Date: 26/10/2021

Date of Submission: 30/10/2021
Section: 02
Group Number: None
Submitted To: Tabia Hossain
Submitted By: Score

Name: Md. Misbah Khan

ID: 2132089643
Objectives:
• Measure voltage, current and resistance values using a digital multimeter.
• Verify the validity of Ohm’s Law.
• Test the voltage divider rule in a series circuit.
• Learn how to connect a series circuit on a breadboard.
• Validate the voltage divider rules.
• Verify Kirchhoff’s voltage law.

List of Equipment:
• NI Multisim 14.0 software
• Breadboard
• Resistors (3.3 kΩ, 4.7 kΩ, 5.6 kΩ)
• Digital Multimeter (DMM)
• Connecting Wire

Theory:
Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. If we denote the resistance by R,
the current by I, and the voltage by V, then according to Ohm’s law:

V=IR
𝑽
Or, I =
𝐑
Ohm's Law shows us the relationship between three physical phenomena: current,
voltage, and resistance. The current is directly proportional to the potential difference
across the resistance and is inversely proportional to the resistance.
In a series circuit, every component’s positive end is connected to another component’s
negative end. In this circuit, source voltage V is divided among the resistors proportionally
to their resistance. So if the resistor is large, voltage drop will also be large amount.
𝑅𝑛
𝑣𝑛= ×𝑣
𝑅1 +𝑅2 +⋯+𝑅𝑛
This is the voltage divider rule.
Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path (or
loop) is zero. Which can be converted as

Sum of voltage drops = Sum of voltage rise

Circuit diagram:

R1 R2
2 2 3
3.3kΩ 4.7kΩ
1

V1 R1 V1 R3
2V 3.3kΩ 15V 5.6kΩ

0 0

Circuit 1.1.2 (experiment 1.1) Circuit 1.1.1 (experiment 1.2)

R1 R2
2
3.3kΩ 4.7kΩ
XMM1 3
1

R3
5.6kΩ

Circuit diagram for Vab

Data :
Lab 1: Exp 1.1
Table 1:
Experimental readings
3.3 KΩ
Current, Voltage, Power,

Voltage
I IR I 2R

2 606.061 uA 2.0000013 0.0012

4 1.212 mA 3.9996 0.0048

6 1.818 mA 5.9994 0.0109

8 2.424 mA 7.9992 0.0194

10 3.03 mA 9.999 0.0303

Circuit with DMM in

Multisim 14.0
Table 2:
Experimental readings

5.6 KΩ Current, Voltage, I Power,

I R I2R
Voltage

2 357.143 uA 2.0000008 0.0007

4 714.286 uA 4.0000016 0.0028

6 1.071 mA 5.9976 0.0064

8 1.429 mA 8.0024 0.0114

10 1.786 mA 10.0016 0.0187

Circuit with DMM in

Multisim 14.0
Lab 1: Exp 1.2:

Table 1:

Experimental readings Theoretical

values
VS VR1 VR2 VR3 VS VR1 VR2 VR3

14.997 V 3.64 V 5.184 V 6.176 V 15 V 3.639V 5.1838 V 6.1764 V

% Error

VS VR1 VR2 VR3

0.0002% 0.0002% 0.00003% 0.00006%

Table 2:

Potential rise VS 15 V Are the voltage rises and drops equal?

Potential drops 3.64 V + 5.184 V + They are equal.

(VR1 + VR1 + VR3) 6.176 V = 15 V

Table 3:

Experimental readings Theoretical values

Vab Req Vab Req

11.36 V 13.6Ω 11.36 V 13.6Ω

% Error

Vab Req

0% 0%
 Circuit with DMM in Circuit with DMM in
Multisim 14.0 Multisim 14.0

Calculation:
Exp 1.2:
Calculating the values theoretically:
Vs=15V
R1=3.3kΩ =3300 Ω
R2=4.7kΩ=4700Ω
R3=5.6kΩ=5600 Ω
So, Req= (3300+4700+5600) =13600 Ω

Using the voltage divider rule,

3300
𝑣𝑅1= × 15
136000
=3.63 V

4700
𝑣𝑅2= × 15
136000
=5.183 V
 5600
𝑣𝑅3= × 15
136000
=6.176 V

Error Calculation:
14.997−15
𝑣𝑠= ( ) % = 0.0002%
15
3.64−3.3639
𝑣𝑅1= ( ) % = 0.0002%
3.639
5.184−5.1838
𝑣𝑅2= ( ) % = 0.00003%
5.1838
6.176−6.1764
𝑣𝑅3= ( ) % = 0.00006%
6.1764

11.36−11.36
𝑣𝑎𝑏= ( ) % = 0%
11.36
13.6−13.6
𝑅𝑒𝑞= ( ) % = 0%
13.6

Graph:
Graphical analysis:
This graph shows us the relation of V vs I of table 1 & 2 of experiment 1.1 . In
this graph the scaling of y axis is 5 unit of graph paper = 1 volt. And in x axis 10
unit of graph paper = 1 mA. We know current (I) is directly proportional to
𝑉
voltage(V), V ∝ I . Resistance is slope of this graph, that means R= . After
𝐼
plotting the points we got in table 1 & 2 of experiment 1.1 , we can see for both
3.3k Ω & 5.6k Ω resistance, V vs I graph is a straight line. So it satisfy the Ohm’s
law as the slope remaining constant.

Questions and Answers:

Exp 1.1:

Answer of question 1: [Shown in graph section]

Answer of question 2: Yes my circuit follow Ohm’s law. In ohm’s law we can see
If the resistor is constant, V ∝ I.That means if the resistor
remains same, the more the voltage increase, the more
the current also increase.
10
Answer of question 2: Slope of first graph (table 1), R1= = 3300.3300Ω
3.03×10−6
3300−3300.3300
Error : (
3300.3300
) % = 0.000099%

10
Slope of first graph (table 2), R2= = 5599.1041Ω
1.786×10−3
5600−5599.1041
Error : (
5599.1041
) % = 0.00016%

Exp 1.2:
Answer of question 1: Potential rise VS =15 V
Potential drops = VR1 + VR1 + VR3
= 3.64 V + 5.184 V + 6.176 V
= 15 V
As Potential rise = Potential drops so, it follows the KVL rule.
Answer of question 2: Calculating Vab ,
Vab = VR1 + VR2
= 5.184 V + 6.176 V
= 11.36 V
Experimental value is same as theoretical value.

Answer of question 3: Calculating Req ,

In a series circuit we know,
Req = R1 + R2 + R3
R1=3.3kΩ =3300 Ω
R2=4.7kΩ=4700Ω
R3=5.6kΩ=5600 Ω
So,
Req= (3300+4700+5600)Ω =13600 Ω = 13.6kΩ
So experimental value is same as theoretical value.

Discussion: Lab 1 is about Ohm’s Law, KVL, and Voltage Divider Rule
using Series Circuit. In this lab class we learned about what is Ohm’s law, how to
use it on a circuit, how to apply KVL and Voltage divider rule. Along with that we
also learned about uses of Multisim app. We learned how to measure voltage,
current and resistance of a certain circuit using DMM. And also learned how to
measurer them theoretically.

As we did our class online so we didn’t work with actual hardware, we

worked on NI Multisim 14.0 app, so the reading we got was computer
generated. That’s why most the results is almost errorless, some of them are
exactly as the theoretical reading.