Sample Questions for Probability

1. During a visit to a doctor, the probability of having neither lab work, nor referral to a
specialist is 0.19. Of those coming to the doctor, the probability of having lab work is 0.47
and the probability of having a referral is 0.51. What is the probability of having both lab
work and referral?
2. A company looks at its employee’s residence and finds that, all have at least one flat, 80%
have a more than one flat, 30% have a duplex flat, and 15% have more than one flat including
a duplex flat. Find the probability that an employee selected at random has a flat that is not
duplex.
3. A fair dice rolled twice. The event 𝑅 is such that the sum of the two outcomes is 7. The event
𝑆 is such that the product of the two outcomes is 12. Find the probability of 𝑅 and 𝑆. Are
events 𝑅 and 𝑆 independent? Justify your answer.
4. A shop contains 8 Nokia and 7 Samsung mobiles. Another shop contains an unknown number
of Nokia and 11 Samsung mobiles. A mobile collected from each shop at random, and the
149
probability of getting 𝑡𝑤𝑜 mobiles of the same company is 300. How many Nokia mobiles
are in the second shop?
5. Two dice are rolled. Consider the events are occurred as 𝐴 = {s𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 6} and 𝐵
= {𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑑𝑑}. Determine whether the events are independent or not.
6. Two dice are rolled. Consider the events are occurred as 𝐴 = {𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙}
and 𝐵 = {𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑}. Determine whether the events are independent or not.
7. Two cards are drawn successively and without replacement from an ordinary deck of playing
cards. Compute the probability of drawing a club on the first draw and a Jack on the second
draw.
8. If 3 men try work with the probability of success 0.5, 0.3, 0.6, respectively. What is the
probability of the work will be done?
9. In a quality checking line, 4 experts are working with the rate of success 95%, 98%, 96%,
and 92%, respectively. If the experts can work independently to find a fault, find the
probability that (i) the fault can’t be found (ii) one of the experts will fail to find the fault.
10. In a bus out of 48 passengers, 34 are men and in another bus out of 56 passengers, 24 are
women. Say a passenger is transferred from the first bus to the second bus. For the capacity
problem, one of the passengers of the second bus has to come down later, find the probability
that this passenger is a man.
11. A boy has three red coins and five white coins in his left hand, six red coins and four white
coins in his right hand. If he shifts one coin at random from his left to right hand, what is the
probability of his then drawing a coin of same/different color from his right hand?

12. Consider 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.54 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.48 to find 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) and 𝑃(𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵′ ) such that 𝐴 and
𝐵 are of the (i) independent events (ii) mutually exclusive events.
13. Each of three bowlers will attempt to hit the wicket. Let 𝐴𝑖 denote the event that the wicket
is got by i-th player, 𝑖 = 1,2,3. Assume that all of the events are mutually independent and
that 𝑃(𝐴1 ) = 0.35, 𝑃(𝐴2 ) = 0.65 and 𝑃(𝐴3 ) = 0.5. Find the probability that exactly two
players are successful, and probability of no player is successful.
 Sample Questions for Probability

14. At a country fair carnival game there are 25 balloons on a board, of which 10 balloons are
yellow, 8 are red, and 7 are green. A player throws darts at the balloons to win a prize and
randomly hits one of them. If the first balloon hit is green, what is the probability of (i) next
balloon is green, (ii) next balloon is not green.
15. Suppose that on five consecutive days an “instant winner” lottery ticket is purchased and the
probability of winning is 0.2 on each day. Assuming independent trials, find the probability
of purchasing two winning tickets.
16. Four inspectors look at a critical component of a product. Their probabilities of detecting an
error are different, namely, 0.98, 0.95, 0.92, 0.89 respectively. If we in sections are
independent, then find the probability of (i) no one detecting the error, (ii) at least one
detecting the error, (iii) only one inspector detecting the error, and (iv) all of them detecting
the error.
17. Let 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.6. Find 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) when 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent. Find
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) when 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mutually independent.
18. The table below shows some information about the number of employed and unemployed
people in a village.
Employed Unemployed Total
Male 156 196
Female 32
Total 254
(i) Complete the table.
(ii) Find the probability that a person chosen at random is unemployed.
(iii) Find the probability that a person chosen at random is male or unemployed.
(iv) Find the probability that a person chosen at random is either female or employed.
(v) Find the probability that a person chosen at random unemployed, given that the
person is male.
19. In a shopping mall, 3 customer executives sold 30%, 45%, and 25% of the total selling
product in a financial year. The rates of efficiency of these three executives are 98%, 99%,
and 96% respectively. If a fault is found find the probability that, it may occur by the second
executive.
20. Rapid testing is a screening procedure to test Covid-19. The people appearing in the test,
23% of them false-positive while 17% of them false-negative. If the Covid-19 spreads
among 7% people in Bangladesh, find the probability of a person who is suffering in Covid-
19, when he/she tested negative in the test.
21. A hospital receives 40% of its flu vaccine from Company 𝐴 and 60% from Company 𝐵. Each
shipment contains a large number of vials of vaccine. From Company 𝐴, 3% of the vials are
ineffective; from Company 𝐵, 2% are ineffective. A hospital is randomly selected vials from
one shipment and finds that is ineffective. What is the conditional probability that this
shipment came from Company 𝐴?
22. In a company, two managers are working with a workload ratio of 2: 3. The managers do
some errors in their work with 3% and 4% of their works. An investigating team found an
error in the yearly work summary of the company, which manager will be responsible for
this incidence.
 Sample Questions for Probability

23. At an office, officials are classified and 30% of them efficient, 50% are moderate worker,
and 20% are unfit for the work. Of efficient ones, 15% left the job; of the moderate workers,
20% left the job, and of unfit workers, 5% left the job. Given that an employee left the job,
what is the probability that the employee is unfit one? Consider independence for the
employee classes.
24. For 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐(𝑥 + 1)3 ; 𝑥 = 0,1,2, … … … 10, determine the constant 𝑐 so that 𝑓(𝑥)
satisfies the conditions of being pmf for a random variable 𝑋, and then depict pmf as line
graph and histogram.
25. Let a random experiment be casting of pair of fair six-sided dice and let 𝑋 equal the maximum
of two outcomes. With reasonable assumptions, find the pmf of 𝑋 and draw a probability
histogram of the pmf of 𝑋. Also, find the mean and variance of 𝑋.
26. Suppose there are 5 defective items in a lot of 100 items. A sample of size 15 is taken at
random without replacement. Let 𝑋 denote the number of defective items in the sample. Find
the probability that the sample contains (i) at most one defective item, (ii) exactly three
defective items.
27. In the gambling game craps, the player wins $1, $2 and $3 with probabilities 0.3, 0.2 and
0.1, and loses $1 with probability 0.4 for each $1 bet. What is the expected profit of the game
for the player? Also, find the variance of the profit and 𝐸(3𝑋 2 − 5𝑋 + 2).
28. Let the random variable 𝑋 be the number of days that a certain patient needs to be in the
hospital. Suppose 𝑋 has the pmf 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.1(5 − 𝑥); 𝑥 = 1,2,3,4. If the patient is to
receive $100 for the first day, $50 for the second day, $25 for the third day and have to return
$25 for the fourth day, what is the expected payment for the hospitalization? What is the
standard deviation of that payment?
29. Given that 𝐸[𝑋 + 7] = 10 and 𝐸[(𝑋 + 5)2 ] = 70. Find the mean and variance of 𝑋.
2
30. Let the random variable 𝑋 have the pmf 𝑓(𝑥) = (|𝑥|−1) ; 𝑥 = −4, −2,0,2,4. Compute the
21
mean, variance, 𝐸(𝑋 2 − 3𝑋 + 4) and 𝑉(3 − 2𝑋).
31. Consider 𝐸[𝑋] = −0.05 to find unknown values from the following table.
𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.2 𝑎 0.1 0.3 𝑏
32. Consider 𝐸[𝑋] = −0.05 to find unknown values from the following table.
𝑥 −2 −1 𝑎 1 2
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.2 0.25 0.1 𝑏 0.15
33. Consider 𝐸[𝑋] = −0.05 and 𝐸[𝑋 2 ] = 1.95 to find unknown values from the following table.
𝑥 𝑎 −1 0 𝑏 2
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.2 0.25 0.1 0.3 0.15
34. Consider 𝐸[𝑋] = −0.05 and 𝐸[𝑋 2 ] = 1.95 to find unknown values from the following table.
𝑥 −2 𝑎 0 1 𝑏
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) 0.2 0.25 𝑐 0.3 0.15
 Sample Questions for Probability

35. If the mgf of 𝑋 is 𝑀(𝑡) = 4 𝑒 𝑡 + 3 𝑒 2𝑡 + 2 𝑒 3𝑡 + 1 𝑒 4𝑡 , find the corresponding pmf, mean

10 10 10 10
and variance.
36. Consider the mgf 𝑀(𝑡) = 0.3𝑒 𝑡 𝑡 of random variable 𝑋. How is 𝑋 distributed? Find the mean
1−0.7𝑒
and variance of 𝑋.
37. Line graph of a discrete random variable 𝑋 is given in the figure below.

(i) Find the pmf of the probability distribution of 𝑋.

(ii) Find the mean of 𝑋.
(iii) Find the median and mode of 𝑋 by inspection.
(iv) Find the standard deviation of 𝑋.
(v) What is the mgf of 𝑋?
38. A boiler has five relief valves. The probability that each does not work is 0.05. Find the
probability that (i) none of them work, (ii) at least four work, (iii) at most three work, and
(iv) exactly two works.
39. Suppose that 90% of UIU students are multi-taskers. In a random sample of 10 students are
taken and let 𝑋 is the number of multi-taskers. Assuming independence, how is 𝑋
distributed? Find the standard deviation of 𝑋. Also, compute 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 3) and 𝑃(𝑋 > 8).
40. It is claimed that 20% of the birds in a particular region have severe disease. Suppose that
15 birds are selected at random. Let 𝑋 is the number of birds that are have the disease.
Assuming independence, how 𝑋 is distributed? Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) and 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 14).
41. It is claimed that for a particular lottery, 1 of the 50 million tickets will win a prize. What is
10
the probability of winning at most three prizes if you independently purchase 15 tickets?

42. A random variable 𝑋 has a binomial distribution with mean 10.5 and variance 3.15. How 𝑋
is distributed and find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1).
43. Verify that 𝑀(𝑡) = (0.4 + 0.6𝑒 𝑡 )15 is a mgf of a binomial distribution and find the pmf of it.
Evaluate the mean and variance of the binomial distribution?
44. Let 𝑋 have a Poisson distribution with a standard deviation of 2. Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1).
45. If 𝑋 has a Poisson distribution such that 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) = 2𝑃(𝑋 = 2), evaluate 𝑃(𝑋 = 5).
Also, find the standard deviation of the distribution.
46. Flaws in a certain type of drapery material appear on the average of one in 120 square feet.
If we assume a Poisson distribution, find the probability of no more than one flaw appearing
in 60 square feet.
 Sample Questions for Probability

47. Suppose that in a region the probability of arresting an innocent person is 15%. If 500 people
are arrested, assuming Bernoulli experiment find the probability of arresting 35 innocent
persons. Find the probability by Poisson process as well.
48. Identify which of the following could represent a probability density function (pdf). If it could
not be probability density function state why, and if it could then give the value of 𝑘.
𝑘𝑥(𝑥 − 2); 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0; otherwise
𝑘𝑥(4 − 𝑥); 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0; otherwise

49. The following functions 𝑓(𝑥) are proposed as probability density functions. In each case state
whether or not they could provide a suitable probability density function.

50. For 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 𝑐 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, find the constant 𝑐 so that 𝑓(𝑥) is a pdf of a random variable
𝑋. Find 𝜇, 𝜎 2 and cdf of 𝑋. Also, sketch the graph of pdf and cdf.
51. The time for which Lucy has to wait at a certain traffic light each day is T minutes, where T
has probability density function (PDF) given by
𝑡2
𝑓(𝑡) = {𝑘 (𝑡 − 2 ) 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2 , where k is a constant.
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
(i) Find the value of 𝑘
(ii) Find the expected time that Lucy has to wait and Var(𝑇).
(iii)Find the probability that Lucy has to wait less than 0.5 minutes.
(iv) Find the mode time.
(v) Construct the CDF for T.
(vi) Find the median time that Lucy has to wait.
52. A continuous random variable 𝑋 has cumulative distribution function
0; 𝑥 < −2
𝑥+2
𝐹(𝑥) = { ; −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
6
1; 𝑥 > 4
(i) Find the probability density function 𝑓(𝑥) of 𝑋.
(ii) Write down the name of the distribution of 𝑋.
(iii)Find the mean and the variance of 𝑋 and 𝑃(𝑋 < 0).
(iv) Write down the value of 𝑃(𝑋 = 1).
 Sample Questions for Probability
4
53. Let 𝑋 have the pdf 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 𝑒 −𝑥 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞. Find the cdf and hence median of 𝑋. Also,
find 𝑃(𝑋 > −2).
2
54. Consider 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 as the pdf of 𝑋. Sketch the graphs of pdf and cdf of 𝑋.
8

55. Let 𝑋 have the pdf 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥−1 ; 𝑥 > −1. Find mean, median, variance, standard deviation
and 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1).
56. Assume the pdf of 𝑋 be 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑒 −3𝑥 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞. Then, (i) Estimate the cdf of 𝑋, (ii)
Calculate the mean and variance of 𝑋, and (iii) Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2).
57. Let the random variable 𝑋 have the pdf 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑒1−2𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≥ 1, find the cdf and hence the 3rd
2
decile of the distribution.
58. 𝑒 4𝑡 −1
; 𝑡 ≠ 0.
Let the mgf of the random variable 𝑋 satisfies uniform distribution is 𝑀(𝑡) = { 4𝑡
1; 𝑡 = 0
Find the pdf, mean and variance of 𝑋. Also, find 𝑃(𝑋 > 3.5).
2
59. The life 𝑋 (in years) of a voltage regulator of a car has the pdf 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥3 𝑒 −(𝑥/9)3 ; 𝑥 > 0
9
(i) What is the probability that this regulator will last at most 7 years?
(ii) Find the 30th percentile (in years) of voltage regulator.
60. Complains come to a police station according to a Poisson process on the average of 5 in
every hour. Let 𝑋 denote the waiting time in minutes until the first complain comes at a
certain office hour. What is the pdf of 𝑋? Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 10).
61. Customers arrive at a travel agency at a mean rate of 3 per 2 hours. Assuming that the number
of arrivals per hour has a Poisson process, find the probability of waiting 2 hours for the first
customers.
62. Investigators visit at a company at a mean rate of 5 per 2 hours. Assuming that the number
of visits per hour has a Poisson process, find the probability of waiting at most 3 hours for
the first investigator. What are the median and mgf of the distribution?
63. Telephone calls arrive at a physician’s office according to the Poisson process on average 2
every 5 minute. Let 𝑋 denote the waiting time in minutes until 3 calls arrive. Find the pdf and
compute 𝑃(𝑋 > 2).
64. Accident occurs at a factory at a mean rate of 2 every 5 hours. Assuming that the number of
accidents per hour has a Poisson process and 𝑋 denotes the waiting time in hours for the
accidents to occur. Find the probability that it is required to wait more than 4 hours to occur
3 accidents. What is the standard deviation of the distribution?
65. Customers arrive at a travel agency at a mean rate of 48 per day. Assuming that the number
of arrivals per hour has a Poisson process, find the probability that more than 3 customers
arrive in a given hour.
66. If 𝑋 has a gamma distribution with 𝜃 = 5 and 𝛼 = 2. Find 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 6). What are the mean and
variance of the gamma distribution?
67. If the mgf of a Gamma distribution of a random variable 𝑋 is 𝑀(𝑡) = (1 − 5𝑡)−3 , find the
pdf, mean and variance of 𝑋. Also, find 𝑃(𝑋 > 4).
 Sample Questions for Probability
2
68. If the mgf of the normal variable 𝑋 is 𝑀(𝑡) = 𝑒 25𝑡+18𝑡 , find pdf of 𝑋. Also, find a constant
𝑐 such that 𝑃(|𝑋 − 25| ≤ 𝑐) = 0.9332.
2
69. If the mgf of the normal variable 𝑋 is 𝑀(𝑡) = 𝑒 30𝑡+18𝑡 , then (i) Find a constant 𝑘 such
that 𝑃(|𝑍| ≤ 𝑘) = 0.9544 (ii) Evaluate 𝑃(42.6 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 55.8). Also, find −𝑍09656 .
70. If 𝑋 is a random variable satisfying 𝑁(650, 625), find 𝑃(631 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 676). Also, find a
constant 𝑐 > 0 such that 𝑃(|𝑋 − 650| ≤ 𝑐) = 0.6826.
2
71. Consider the mgf of a Normal variate 𝑋 is defined as 𝑀(𝑡) = 𝑒 −8𝑡+2𝑡 . Find 𝑃(𝑋 < −5) and
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ −10). Also, find the value of 𝑐 such that 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑐) = 0.725.
2
72. Consider the pdf of a Normal variable 𝑋 is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 𝑒 −(𝑥+11)
98
√98𝜋
(i) Evaluate 𝑃(−3 > −𝑋 > 13) and 𝑃(−5 < 𝑋 < 2).
(ii) Find 𝑃(|𝑋| ≥ 1.7).
(iii)Find the value of 𝐶 such that 𝑃(|𝑋 + 11| ≥ 𝐶) = 0.0614.
(iv) Find the value of 𝐶 such that 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 𝐶) = 0.9949 and, find 𝑃(𝑋 > 9).

73. The lengths of pine needles, in cm, are normally distributed. It is further given that 11.51%
of these pine needles are shorter than 6.2 cm and 3.59% are longer than 9.5 cm. Find the
mean and the standard deviation of the length of these pine needles.
74. The weights of bags of red gravel may be modeled by a normal distribution with mean 25.8
Kg and standard deviation 0.5 Kg.
(a) Determine the probability that a randomly selected bag of red gravel will weigh:
(i) less than 25 Kg.
(ii) between 25.5 Kg and 26.5 Kg.
(b) Determine, to two decimal places, exceeded by 75% of bags.

75. (a) The time, X minutes, taken by Fred Fast to install a satellite dish may be assumed to
be a normal random variable with mean 134 and standard deviation 16.
(i) Determine 𝑃(𝑋 < 150).
(ii) Determine, to one decimal place, the time exceeded by 10 percent of
installations.
(b) The time, Y minutes, taken by Sid Slow to install a satellite dish may be assumed to
be a normal random variable, but with
𝑃(𝑌 < 170) = 0.14 and 𝑃(𝑌 > 200) = 0.03
Determine, to the nearest minute, values for the mean and standard deviation of Y.

76. The volume, L liters, of emulsion paint in a plastic tub may be assumed to be normally
distributed with mean 10.25 and variance 𝜎 2 .
(i) Assuming that 𝜎 2 = 0.04, determine 𝑃(𝐿 < 10).
(ii) Find the value of 𝜎 so that 98% of tubs contain more than 10 liters of emulsion paint.
(iii)Find the probability that within 7% of mean liter
77. The time, Y minutes, taken by Sid Slow to install a satellite dish may be assumed to be a
normal random variable, but with 𝑃(𝑌 < 170) = 0.14 and 𝑃(𝑌 > 200) = 0.03. Determine,
to the nearest minute, values for the mean and standard deviation of Y.
 Sample Questions for Probability

78. The volume of shower gel bottles, V ml, is Normally distributed with a mean of 250 and a
variance of 10.
(i) Find the probability that the volume of one of these shower gel bottles picked at
random will be between 249 ml and 254 ml.
(ii) Determine the value of V exceeded by 1% of the shower gel bottles.
Three shower gel bottles are picked at random.
(iii)Find the probability that the volume of only one of these three bottles will be between
249 ml and 254 ml

79. The lifetimes, in hours, of a certain make of light bulbs are assumed to be Normally
distributed with a mean of 5500 hours and a standard deviation of 120.
(i) Find the probability that the lifetime of a light bulb picked at random will
exceed 5764 hours.
(ii) Determine the lifetime not achieved by 0.4% of these light bulbs.
(iii) Find the probability that two out of these thirty light bulbs will have a lifetime
exceeding 5764 hours.

80. The weights of marmalade jars are Normally distributed with a mean of 250 grams.
(i) Calculate, correct to 1 decimal place, the standard deviation of these jars if 1% of the
jars are heavier than 256 grams.
(ii) Using the answer of part (a), determine the probability that the weight of one such
marmalade jar is between 249 and 253 grams.
(iii)Given that the weight of a randomly picked marmalade jar is between 249 and 253
grams, find the probability that the jar weighs more than 250 grams.

81. Let 𝑋 equal to the amount of fruits in kg per day consumed by a student. Suppose
the standard deviation of 𝑋 is 0.1 kg. To estimate the mean 𝜇 of 𝑋, an agency
took a random sample of 25 students and found they consumed 10 kg of fruits
per day. Find an approximate 95% confidence interval for 𝜇.
82. Let 𝑋 equal to the amount of food in pound per day consumed by a labor. Suppose the
variance 𝜎 2 of 𝑋 is 0.25 . To estimate the mean 𝜇 of 𝑋, an agency took a random sample of
50 labors and found they consumed on average 4 found food per day. Find an approximate
85% confidence interval for 𝜇.
83. In a certain motivational conference, a speaker delivered a speech to 300 people and two-
third of them responded after the conference. If 75% responses were positive. Find an
approximate 90% confidence interval for the fraction 𝑝 of the people who motivated by the
speaker.
84. In a factory there were 300 workers under flu infection, 75% of the workers were
hospitalized. If half of the total workers survived after the treatment, find the confidence
interval of the proportion with a 3% significance level. Is the treatment effective? Why?
85. A manufacturer produces a new cooker and they claimed that it will reduce the fuel cost in
half with 90% accuracy. Now design decision rule for the process with significance 0.05 by
testing the cooker to 50 customers.
 Sample Questions for Probability

86. Design a decision rule to test the hypothesis that a coin is fair if we take a sample of 250 trials
of the die to test the coin as fair and use 0.99 as the confidence level. Predict the acceptance
and critical region.
87. Design a decision rule to test the hypothesis that a coin is fair if we take a sample of 120
trials of the die to get head/tail and use 0.1 as the significance level. Predict the acceptance
and critical region.
88. A pharmaceutical company produces a new medicine and they claimed that it will reduce the
migraine pain very fast with 85% accuracy. Design a decision rule for the process with the
significance 0.01 by apply the medicine to 150 people.
89. An engineer designs a novel jet engine and claimed that it will reduce the fuel cost remarkably
with 90% accuracy. Now design decision rule for the process with significance 0.1 by testing
20 jet engines.
90. A company produces an electric tool whose average life time is 260 days and variance 169
days. It is claimed that, in a newly developed process the mean life time can be increased. If
the new process has increased the mean life time to 276 days, assuming a sample of 80 bulbs
with estimated life time 269 days, find 𝛼 and 𝛽.
91. A company produces mosquito killing bat whose average lifetime is 360. days and average
variation 60 days. It is claimed that in a newly developed process the mean lifetime can be
increased. Design a decision rule for 100 samples with 0.1 significance. If the new process
has increased the mean lifetime to 375 days, assuming a sample of 120 bats with estimated
lifetime 370 days, find 𝛼 and 𝛽. Again, a sample of 80 bats is tested and it is found that the
average lifetime is 368 days. Find the 𝑝 −value of the test.
92. A company produces electric bulbs whose average life time is 180 days and average variation
10 days. It is claimed that, in a newly developed process the mean life time can be increased.
(i) Design a decision rule for the process at the 0.05 significance to test 100 bulbs.
(ii) What about the decision if the average life time of a bulb (i) 184 days (ii) 187 days?
(iii) If the new process has increased the mean life time to 185 days. Find 𝛼 and 𝛽 for the
estimated mean 183 days for 80 samples.
(iv) If the estimated average life time for 55 samples is 184 days, find the 𝑝-value of the
claim of the manufacturer.

93. Practice Problems of Hypothesis Testing Sheet