UNIVERSIDAD NICARAGÜENSE DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Dirección de Docencia

Material de Estudio

Asignatura: Ingles V

Unit I: Expressing Present time.

(2 sesiones de clase semanas 1 y 2)

Autor: MSc. Guillermina Eduarda Múa Ibarra

Mayo 2024, Managua.

 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

Índice

Contenido
Introducción ...................................................................................................................................2
1 Contenidos de la Unidad ............................................................................................................3
1.1 Simple Present Tense for habitual action ...........................................................................3
1.1.1 Formation of the simple present of verbs ..................................................................3
1.2 Frequency adverbs; always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom... .....................................5
1.3 Present Progressive: affirmative and negative sentences and questions ...........................6
1.3.2 The five main uses of the present continuous are: .....................................................6
1.4 Simple Present vs. Present Progressive ..............................................................................7
1.5 Practice class: Reading comprehension ..............................................................................9
1.6 Expression of quantity; all of, most of, some of... ............................................................10
1.7 Adverbs of degree; a bit, a little, extremely, not at all, quite... ........................................11
1.7.1 What is an adverb? ...................................................................................................11
1.7.2 Adverb of degree definition and examples ...............................................................11
Examples of adverb of degree ......................................................................................................11
1.7.3 Using different words as interchangeable determiners and adverbs .......................12
1.8 Practice class: Exercise and reading comprehension. .......................................................15
Practice ............................................................................................................................................15
Homework:...................................................................................................................................18
Bibliografía: ......................................................................................................................................19

Introducción
Apreciados estudiantes, sean bienvenidos al curso Ingles V. En el presente material tienen contenidos que
amplían el conocimiento del idioma ingles así como ejercicios prácticos que les permitirá desarrollar sus

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

competencias lingüísticas y habilidades de expresión en el idioma inglés. En esta oportunidad

analizaremos la Unit I: Unit I: Expressing Present time. Teniendo los siguientes contenidos:
1. Simple Present Tense for habitual action
1.1 Frequency adverbs; always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom...
2. Present Progressive: affirmative and negative sentences and questions
2.1 Simple Present vs. Present Progressive
2.2 Practice class: Reading comprehension
3. Expression of quantity; all of, most of, some of...
4. Adverbs of degree; a bit, a little, extremely, not at all, quite...
5. Practice class: Exercise and reading comprehension
Con esta unidad podremos dotarnos de competencias básicas enfocadas en los siguientes objetivos:
Conceptuales:
1. Describe the correct way to use the express1ons m Expressing Present time.
Procedimentales:
2. Solve the exercises and others in English by using the expressions in the present tense.
Actitudinales:
3. Participate in the processes of the development of the foreign language in the present time.
Estructura:
En el material de estudio encontraran la siguiente información:
1- Contenidos explicados de la unidad.
2- Actividades prácticas con sus respectivas orientaciones.
3- Asignación de trabajos en equipos e individuales.

1 Contenidos de la Unidad
1.1 Simple Present Tense for habitual action
1.1.1 Formation of the simple present of verbs
1.3.3 Several types of verbs have particular endings:
to be and to have
to go and to do
verbs ending in -Y
verbs ending in -X, two -S, -SH or –CH

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

The conjugation of the verbs to be and to have in present simple

Unlike the other verbs, the infinitive of to be is never in the present simple. The verb to
have is conjugated normally, except in the third person singular, where the ending -ve is
dropped and replaced by an -s.
Atención: dominar la conjugación de be y have en present simple es crucial, ya que estos
dos verbos se utilizan como auxiliares para conjugar otros tiempos.
Resumen

VERBOS EN TERCERA PERSONA (he, she, it o nombres en singular) DEL

PRESENTE SIMPLE EN INGLÈS

The conjugation
Terminados en:
of the verbs to be
s, ss, sh, ch, x, z, Consonante + y Vocal + y Todos los
and to have in
o ies s demas s
present simple
es
tercera persona

Fix- fixes Study - studies Play - plays Come - comes Be- Am / Are /
Is

Push –pushes Copy – copies Enjoy – enjoys See – sees Have – has

Pass- passes Write – writes

Catch - catches Love – loves

Go – goes Swim – swims

Do - does Learn – learns

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

1.2 Frequency adverbs; always, usually, often,

sometimes, seldom...
When are adverbs of frequency used in English?

These adverbs allow you to show how regularly something happens. For example, they
may modify the meaning of a verb (“He drives quickly”) or an entire sentence (“Luckily, he
escaped from the accident uninjured”).
The adverbs of frequency perform
these functions and, as their name
indicates, they serve to indicate
how often the action of the verb
occurs (see the phrase above) or
with what periodicity what is
expressed by the entire phrase
happens (as in the phrases b and c).
With the exception of "hardly
ever" (almost never), the adverbs of frequency in English are made up of a single word. But
how do you know which one to use on each occasion? That depends on the level of
regularity you want to convey. The following table will help you:

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

1.3 Present Progressive: affirmative and

negative sentences and questions

1.3.2 The five main uses of the present continuous are:

1- Describing actions that occur at the exact moment of speaking or writing
Example: You are studying English.
2- Establish contexts. Talk about general, personal or social situations that occur today.
In these cases, it can be accompanied by adverbs such as currently, lately or these
days, among others.
Example: She is working a lot lately.
3- Advance facts, appointments, events or actions that will occur in the future.
Whoever speaks must be sure that they will occur.
Example: They are going to the zoo next Saturday.
4- Mention temporary events.
Example: Today is snowing, but yesterday was sunny.
5- Describe actions that occur constantly. In these cases the sentence is reinforced with
adverbs such as always, forever, constantly, among others.
Example: The birds are always singing since sunrise
Present progressive or continous.
Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I am listening to music. I am not listening to music. Am I listening to music?
You are listening to You are not listening to Are you listening to music?
music. music.
He is listening to music. He is not listening to music. Is he listening to music?
She is listening to music. She is not listening to Is she listening to music?
music.
It is listening to music. It is not listening to music. Is it listening to music?
We are listening to music. We are not listening to Are we listening to music?
music.

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

They are listening to They are not listening to Are they listening to music?
music. music.
(britishcouncil., s.f.)

1.4 Simple Present vs. Present Progressive

When we use the simple present? When we use the present progressive?

We use the simple present and the present progressive to talk about things that take place in
the present. The simple present is used for permanent actions, to describe daily events, facts
or as a narrative form for stories that take place in the present. The present progressive is
used for temporary actions and to describe what is happening at the moment of speaking.
Example
The Smiths are going on holiday. They
usually go on holiday by train. They take a
taxi to the station, check the timetable
and get on the train.
At the moment, they are standing in front
of the timetable. The train departs at 15:12
and arrives in Brighton at 16:45.
At 6pm the Smiths are meeting Ben’s aunt
in Brighton. She studies law in London,
but she is working as a waitress in Brighton during the summer holiday.
Signal Words: Simple Present vs. Present Progressive
Signal words can help us to recognise which tense to use in a sentence. Below is a list of
signal words for the simple present and present progressive tenses.
Signal Words for Simple Present
Signal Word Example
always I always take the train to work.
every day/month... My grandma watches the news every evening.
first First cook the onions in some oil.
hardly ever I hardly ever go to bed after twelve o’clock.
never You can never find your keys when you're in a hurry.

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

normally It normally rains in the UK.

often We often go to the cinema.
rarely I rarely drink wine, I prefer beer.
sometimes I sometimes meet friends after work if the weather is good.
then First fry the onions in some oil, then add the garlic.
usually My dad usually watches the football at the weekend.

Signal Words for Present Progressive

Signal Word Example
at the moment I live in France but at the moment I'm working in London.
currently He’s currently living in Australia.
for now I’m staying with a friend for now but I’m looking for my own
place.
Listen! Listen! They are playing my favourite song!
Look! Look! The kids are dancing!
now Now we’re planning a bigger party.
right now Right now I’m working on a new project.
this He’s travelling around Europe this summer.
week/summer...
today Today people are watching more online content.

Verbs that are not used in the Present Progressive

The following verbs are not generally used in a progressive form.
stative verbs
be*, cost, fit, mean, remain, suit: Example: They are on holiday.
verbs that show possession/belonging
belong, have* Example: The luggage belongs to the family.
verbs of sensation
feel*, hear, see*, smell*, taste*, touch
Example: They hear the loudspeaker announcement.

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

verbs that express emotions

hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish
Example: Ben loves going by train.
verbs of thought and recognition
believe, know, realise, recognise, seem, think*, understand
Example: He knows where they have to get off the train.
clauses accompanying direct speech
answer, ask, reply, say Example: “We must hurry to get the train”, Ben’s father says.
*change of meaning
Some stative verbs also have a progressive form, but the meaning of the progressive form is
sightly different.
stative form progressive form
verb meaning example meaning example
be state She is happy about deliberate She is being silly.
the holiday. behaviour
have possession He has two suitcases. in particular He’s having a good time.
expressions
feel opinion I feel that’s a bad feel (health) He’s not feeling well.
idea.
feel It feels like you have touch I’m feeling inside my
(sense) a temperature. suitcase to find my passport.
see sight I see the train be together Nigel and Beatrice are
coming. with seeing each other.
somebody
understand I see what you mean. have an We’re seeing our aunty this
appointment afternoon.
or meeting
smell smell You smell like a smell Why are you smelling your
(sense) summer breeze. something sunglasses?
(action)
taste taste This try, test I am tasting the soup to see if
(sense) soup tastes delicious. (action) it’s been poisoned.
think think, I think it’s going to contemplate What are you thinking about?
believe be hot today.
(English, s.f.)

1.5 Practice class: Reading comprehension

Super goal page WB5

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

1.6 Expression of quantity; all of, most of,

some of...
Expressions of quantity tell us how many or how much of something there is.
Compare these two sentences: We get a little rain in spring.
Many people live in London.
We use a little with non-countable nouns like rain, snow, pollution etc. We cannot use a
little with countable nouns.
We use many with countable nouns like people, cars, chairs etc. We cannot use many with
countable nouns.
Today we look at some expressions of quantity that are used with both countable and non-
countable nouns.
This list starts with the least amount and ends with the most.
Countable and Non-coutable Expressions of Quantity
Not any Countable: There are not any biscuits left.
Non-countable: There is not any water in the sink.
No Countable: There are no animals in the park.
Non-countable: There is no money in my purse.
Some Countable: Some children play here on the weekend.
Non-countable: There is some smoke coming from that house.
A lot of Countable: She has a lot of dogs.
Non-countable: There’s a lot of traffic today.
Lots of Countable: Lots of women work here.
Non-countable: She made us lots of coffee.
Plenty of Countable: There are plenty of bottles in the fridge.
Non-countable: There is plenty of information in report.
Most Countable: She keeps most of her books in the shelf.
Non-countable: We spent the most time on the project.
All Countable: Who ate all the apples?
Non-countable: Jennifer is the one with all the experience.
(Centers, s.f.)

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

1.7 Adverbs quite...of degree; a bit, a little,

extremely, not at all,
1.7.1 What is an adverb?
An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb (he sings loudly), an adjective (very
tall), another adverb (ended too quickly), or even a whole sentence (Fortunately, I had
brought an umbrella).Adverbs often end in -ly, but some (such as fast) look exactly the same
as their adjective counterparts.

1.7.2 Adverb of degree definition and examples

An adverb of degree modifies a sentence to tell us the intensity of something. They're
normally placed before the adjective, adverb or verb that they modify, but there are some
exceptions.

Adverbs of degree allow you to be very specific when writing, no matter what the purpose.
In the following examples, the adverbs of degree have been italicized for ease of
identification.

 They were almost finished.

 This cake is absolutely wonderful.
 The temperature was barely above freezing.
 Our driveway is completely frozen.
 We felt incredibly lucky after winning tickets to the World Series.
 My teacher is terribly grumpy today.

Examples of adverb of degree

Adverb of Modifying Example
Degree
Extremely adjective It was extremely hot last summer.
Just verb I just finished my homework
Very adverb or adjective He drove very fast/ It was very cold.
Almost verb I almost fell over
There are also different adverbs for varying levels of degree.

Adverb Very Strong, Example Sentence

Strong, or
Doubtful?
extremely very strong I was extremely cold.
terribly very strong It was terribly sad.
horribly very strong The play went horribly wrong.
spectacularly very strong Her performance went spectacularly well.
wonderfully very strong The painting turned out wonderfully.
UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

insanely very strong The cake was insanely good.

especially strong The milkshake was especially tasty.
uncommonly strong The ladybird was uncommonly big.
unusually strong He was unusually quiet this afternoon.
particularly strong The girls were particularly excited.
remarkably strong The new boss is a remarkably good leader.
fairly doubtful She was fairly good at singing.
pretty doubtful The puppy is pretty good at fetching the ball.
not especially doubtful The grass is not especially green this summer.

She is very tall. (Modifies the adjective)

He walked quite slowly. (Modifies the adverb)

I really like that film. (Modifies the verb)

Adverbs of degree can modify adjectives or adverbs:

Subject + main verb + adverb of degree + adjective

e.g. Jane is very happy.

Subject + main verb + adverb of degree + adverb

e.g. Tom walks extremely quickly.

Adverbs of degree can also modify verbs:

Subject + adverb of degree + main verb

e.g. The boys thoroughly enjoyed their trip to the theatre.

With modal verbs, the adverb of degree can appear before the modal verb or before
the main verb, depending on the meaning.

For example: Subject + adverb of degree + modal + main verb

e.g. You really should look where you are going!

Subject + modal + adverb of degree + main verb

e.g. You should really look at the instructions first.

With auxiliary verbs (e.g. have and is/are), the adverb usually goes before the main
verb. For example:Subject + auxiliary verb + adverb of degree + past participle
UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

e.g. I have really enjoyed studying at this school.

1.7.3 Using different words as interchangeable determiners and

adverbs
1. 'Enough' as an adverb or determiner
'Enough' can be used as an adverb or a determiner.
When it's used as an adverb, 'enough' means 'to a necessary degree'. In a sentence, it's
placed after the adjective or adverb that it modifies - not before it like other adverbs do.
You can use 'enough' to express something in a positive or negative way.
Here are some examples of sentences using the term 'enough' as an adverb of degree:
Is your coffee hot enough?
Is the food cool enough?
It's not big enough.
She worked hard enough.
They didn't look hard enough.
2. Often, 'enough' is followed by 'to' and the infinitive form of the verb.
The box was big enough to fit three cats.
The meal was good enough to eat.
He's not old enough to go out alone.
I got here early enough to find a seat.
The moon was bright enough to light the way.
3. 'Enough' can also be followed by 'for [someone]' or 'for [something]'. In
this case, 'enough' refers to whether it's adequate for the person or object.
The coat was big enough for him.
The boat was large enough for twenty people.
The food was good enough for us.
I didn't wake up early enough for the morning cartoons.
The coffee wasn't hot enough for me.
3.1.Alternatively, 'enough' can be used as a determiner. In these cases, it means
'as much/as many as necessary'. It goes before the noun it modifies.
There were enough leftovers.

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

You have enough clothes.

There wasn't enough refreshments.
4. 'too' as an adverb or determiner
While 'too' always acts as an adverb when it's used in a sentence, it has two different
meanings.
Using 'Too' for different meanings
'Too' can mean 'also'. It goes at the end of the sentence or phrase that it modifies.
I'm coming along too.
Can I go to the park too?
I'm not doing that chore too.
5. 'Too' meaning 'excessively'
'Too' can be used as an adverb which means 'excessively'. It goes before the adverb or
adjective it modifies.
It was too cold.
The shoes were too small.
It's too far.
6. It can be followed by 'to' and the infinitive form of a verb.
It was too hot to do anything.
You're too young to get a job.
I was too tired to get up this morning.
She was too exhausted to do her homework.
He was too excited to sleep.
6.1.It can also be followed by 'for [someone]' or 'for [something]'.
The coat was too big for me.
The restaurant was too small for our party.
The soup was too hot for me to eat.
The pool was too far away for her to walk there.
She's too good not to join the team.
7. Using 'very' as adverb of degree
We use 'very' before an adverb or adjective to emphasise the meaning and make it stronger.

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

The dog was very cute.

Her dress was very elegant.
The party was very exclusive.
Today's homework was very hard.
My dinner was very delicious.
7.1.We can also use the phrase 'not very' to express the opposite meaning. This
is usually considered a more polite way of speaking.
Original Opposite Meaning with Opposite Meaning Simple Meaning
Phrase 'Not' with 'Not Very'
The dog The dog was not cute. The dog was not The dog was
was very cute. very cute. ugly.
Today's Today's homework Today's homework The homework
homework was not hard. was not very hard. was easy.
was very hard.
(twinkl., s.f.)

1.8 Practice class: Exercise and reading

comprehension.
Practice
1. Choose the correct tense (simple present or present progressive).

1. Oliver _______________ (reads / is reading) a book at the moment.

2. Caroline ________________ (writes / is writing) an SMS to her boyfriend every
day.
3. I usually ____________ (get up/ am getting up) at seven.
4. Look, the kids _____________ (go / are going) to the zoo.
5. We ______________ (meet / are meeting) every Tuesday.
2. Complete the sentences. Decide if you need to use the simple present or the
present progressive.

1. (he/wear/a hat/often) , _____________________but

(he/not/wear/a hat) ____________________________ today.
2. (we/have/breakfast/now) ______________________________ although
(we/not/have/breakfast/normally) _____________________ at this time.
3. (while/Grace/clean/the house) __________________________ ,
(her kids/play/in the garden) ______________________________ .

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

4. I must hurry to the bus stop because (I/meet/Ian) _______________________ in an

hour
and (the bus/leave) __________________________ in ten minutes.
5. Listen! (you/hear/that noise) _____________________________ ?
6. I grew up with dogs but now (I/have/a cat) _________________________ .
3. Select the quanti ty expression that completes the sentence.

1) There are a lot ___ people here.

a. any
b. any
c. of
d. in

2) There were ___ any bikes in the shop.

a. lots
b. no
c. not
d. much

3) ___ of people come hiking here.

a. Most
b. All
c. Plenty
d. No

4) Some ___ are in the garden.

a. a cats
b. cats
c. any cats
d. of cats

5) ___ of birds drink from our birdbath.

a. A lots of
b. Lots
c. Lot

Adverbs of Frequency: Exercises

Exercise 1
Underline the adverb of degree in each sentence below:
1. That exam was long, boring and incredibly difficult.
2. I’m pretty sure I did it properly.

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

3. Occasionally she cooks us an absolutely fantastic meal.

4. Do you think this dress is formal enough?
5. I thought Peter was stupid, but actually he is highly intelligent.
Exercise 2
Answer these questions about adverbs of degree:
1. Adverbs of degree can modify:
a. nouns
b. nouns and verbs
c. adjectives and adverbs
d. adjectives, adverbs and verbs
2. The adverb ‘absolutely’ can be used with:
a. gradable adjectives
b. verbs
c. nouns
d. ungradable adjectives
3. Adverbs of degree most often occur:
a. before a noun
b. before an adjective or adverb
c. after an adjective or adverb
d. after a verb
4. Put these 4 adverbs in order of degree, beginning with the weakest and ending with
the strongest:
terribly totally pretty slightly
5. Which of the following adverbs of degree can be preceded by ‘not’:<
‘not _____________’
slightly somewhat almost particularly
Exercise 3
Choose the best adverb to complete each sentence:
1. I thought that film was _______________ good.
a. totally. b. enough c. pretty
2. I can see ______________ with these new glasses.
a. perfectly b. totally c. fairly
3. I _______________ like dancing in the rain.
a. very b. pretty c. really

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

4. I thought that book was _________ interesting.

a. slightly b. utterly c. very
5. Sorry, but I think you are ______________ wrong!
a. rather b. totally c. extremely
Exercise 4
1. In which sentence can you correctly add the word ‘not’?
a. She is rather happy.
b. She is fairly happy.
c. She is extremely happy.
d. She is very happy.
2. Which of these adverbs goes after the adjective?
a. enough b. pretty c. too
Match the following adverbs and adjectives to form the best collocation:
3. absolutely a. funny
4. highly b. different
5. terribly c. brilliant
6. somewhat d. educated

Homework:
Solve the exercises

Put the students in group. Talk about their daily activities using the contents to study. They
have to explain what time and what grammatical topic they use in their dialogues.

Recorder in video audio the dialogue to their participation. Tenerlo listo para cuando se
habilite el aula virtual.

a. First they have to make a dialogue in team of 3 or 4 students

b. Write the dialogue in power point,

c. They have to recorder by video this dialogue. This is to the

homework

UCYT
 Universidad Nicaragüense de Ciencia y Tecnología
Dirección de Docencia

Bibliografía:
britishcouncil. (s.f.). britishcouncil. Obtenido de https://www.britishcouncil.org.mx/blog/present-
continuous

Centers, E. L. (s.f.). English Languages Centers. Obtenido de

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/expressions-quantity

English, L. (s.f.). https://english.lingolia.com/en/grammar/tense-comparison/simple-present-

present-
progressive#:~:text=The%20simple%20present%20is%20used,at%20the%20moment%20of
%20speaking. Obtenido de https://english.lingolia.com/en/grammar/tense-
comparison/simple-present-present-
progressive#:~:text=The%20simple%20present%20is%20used,at%20the%20moment%20o
f%20speaking.

twinkl. (s.f.). twinkl. Obtenido de https://www.twinkl.es/teaching-wiki/adverb-of-degree

UCYT