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Ajax

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25 views5 pages

Ajax

Uploaded by

Nagavalli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AJAX Introduction

AJAX is a developer's dream, because you can:

 Update a web page without reloading the page


 Request data from a server - after the page has loaded
 Receive data from a server - after the page has loaded
 Send data to a server - in the background

AJAX Example Explained


HTML Page
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<div id="demo">
<h2>Let AJAX change this text</h2>
<button type="button" onclick="loadDoc()">Change Content</button>
</div>

</body>
</html>

The HTML page contains a <div> section and a <button>.

The <div> section is used to display information from a server.

The <button> calls a function (if it is clicked).

The function requests data from a web server and displays it:

Function loadDoc()
function loadDoc() {
var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = this.responseText;
}
};
xhttp.open("GET", "ajax_info.txt", true);
xhttp.send();
}

The "ajax_info.txt" file used in the example above, is a simple text file and
looks like this:

<h1>AJAX</h1>
<p>AJAX is not a programming language.</p>
<p>AJAX is a technique for accessing web servers from a web page.</p>
<p>AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript And XML.</p>

AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript And XML.

AJAX is not a programming language.

AJAX just uses a combination of:

 A browser built-in XMLHttpRequest object (to request data from a web


server)
 JavaScript and HTML DOM (to display or use the data)

 AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging


data with a web server behind the scenes. This means that it is
possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the whole
page.

 An event occurs in a web page (the page is loaded, a button is


clicked)
 2. An XMLHttpRequest object is created by JavaScript
 3. The XMLHttpRequest object sends a request to a web server
 4. The server processes the request
 5. The server sends a response back to the web page
 6. The response is read by JavaScript
 7. Proper action (like page update) is performed by JavaScript

AJAX - The XMLHttpRequest Object


The XMLHttpRequest Object

All modern browsers support the XMLHttpRequest object.

The XMLHttpRequest object can be used to exchange data with a server


behind the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web
page, without reloading the whole page.

Create an XMLHttpRequest Object

All modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge (and IE7+), Safari, Opera) have
a built-in XMLHttpRequest object.

Syntax for creating an XMLHttpRequest object:

variable = new XMLHttpRequest();

Example
var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();

<h1>AJAX</h1>
<p>AJAX is not a programming language.</p>
<p>AJAX is a technique for accessing web servers from a web page.</p>
<p>AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript And XML.</p>

XMLHttpRequest Object Methods

Method Description

new XMLHttpRequest() Creates a new XMLHttpRequest object

abort() Cancels the current request


getAllResponseHeaders() Returns header information

getResponseHeader() Returns specific header information

open(method,url,async,user,psw) Specifies the request

method: the request type GET or POST


url: the file location
async: true (asynchronous) or false (synchronous
user: optional user name
psw: optional password

send() Sends the request to the server


Used for GET requests

send(string) Sends the request to the server.


Used for POST requests

setRequestHeader() Adds a label/value pair to the header to be sent

XMLHttpRequest Object Properties

Property Description
onreadystatechange Defines a function to be called when the readySta

readyState Holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.


0: request not initialized
1: server connection established
2: request received
3: processing request
4: request finished and response is ready

responseText Returns the response data as a string

responseXML Returns the response data as XML data

status Returns the status-number of a request


200: "OK"
403: "Forbidden"
404: "Not Found"
For a complete list go to the Http Messages Refere

statusText Returns the status-text (e.g. "OK" or "Not Found")

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