SQL
2024-01-04
BASIC SELECTING
Selecting different columns of a table
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table;
Changing the name in the selection
SELECT column1 AS feature1, column2
FROM table;
Select only distinct records from column1
SELECT DISTINCT column1, column1
FROM table;
Creating a view (save a query result)
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column1 column_2
FROM table;
Count number of observations
SELECT count(*) AS total_records
FROM people;
FILTERING
Numerical filtering
1
SELECT column_1
FROM table
WHERE numerical_column >= 1970;
Categorical filtering
SELECT column_1
FROM table
WHERE column_2 = 'categorical_value';
Multiple criteria filtering
–>
SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE column_1 = 'value1' OR column_2 = 'value2'
SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE column_1 IN ('value','vaue','value');
SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE column_1 = 'value_1' AND column_2 = 'value_2';
SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE column BETWEEN 1 AND 2;
Strings matching
SELECT name
FROM table
WHERE name LIKE 'je%';
SELECT name
FROM table
WHERE column_1 LIKE 'Ev_';
NULL TREATMENT
Identification
2
SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE column_1 IS NULL;
SELECT COUNT(*) AS nulls_count
FROM table
WHERE column_1 IS NULL;
AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
Diferent Functions
SELECT MEAN(column_1)
FROM table;
SELECT ROUND(AVG(column_1),2)
FROM table
WHERE year BETWEEN 2010 AND 2020;
ORDERING AND GROUPING
Ordering
SELECT *
FROM table
ORDER BY column_1 ASC, column_2 ASC;
Grouping
SELECT column_1, COUNT(column_2) AS column_count
FROM table
GROUP BY column_1;
FILTERING GROUPS
SELECT column_1, COUNT(column_2)
FROM table
HAVING COUNT(column_2) > 3;
3
Example with all the verbs
SELECT column_1, COUNT(column_2) AS title_count
FROM table
WHERE column_1 IN ('A', 'B', 'C')
GROUP BY column_1
HAVING COUNT(column_2) > 10
ORDER BY title_count DESC;
INNER JOIN
Basic Sintax
SELECT table_1.column_1, table_2.column_2
FROM table_1
INNER JOIN table_2
ON table_1.column_x = table_2.column_2;
Simplified sintaxis
SELECT t1.column_1, t2.column_2
FROM table_1 AS t1
INNER JOIN table_2 AS t2
ON t1.column_x = t2.column_y;
SELECT t1.column_1, t2.column_2
FROM table_1 AS t1
INNER JOIN table_2 AS t2
USING(column_with_the_same_name_in_both_tables)
Multy Join
SELECT
t1.column_1,
t2.column_2,
t3.column_3
FROM table_1 AS t1
INNER JOIN table_2 AS t2
ON t1.column_x = t2.column_y
INNER JOIN table_3 AS t3
USING(column_with the same name);
4
Outer and Full Joins
ACROSS JOIN
Sintax
SELECT column_1, column_2
FROM table_1 AS c1
CROSS JOIN table_2 AS c2
WHERE c1.column_1 = 'A'
AND c2.column_2 = 'B';
SELF JOIN
SELECT
p1.column_1 AS A,
p2.column_1 AS B,
p1.column_2
FROM table_1 AS p1
INNER JOIN table_1 AS p2
ON p1.column_2 = p2.column_2
AND p1.column_1 <> p2.column_1;
