Comparative Models in Policing ARC

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 233

COMPARATIVE POLICE

SYSTEM
Comparative

An estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness of


two objects or event.
Denotes the degree or grade by which a
person, thing, or other entity has a property or
quality greater or less in extent than that of
another.
Police

The governmental department charged with


the regulation and control of the affairs of a
community, now chiefly the department
established to maintain order, enforce the law,
and prevent and detect crime.
ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

 POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the


city
 POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the
state or government
 POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the
English language
System

A combination of related elements that is


functioning to achieve a single goal or
objective.
Comparative Police System

 It is the science and art of investigating and


comparing the police system of nations. It covers the
study of police organizations, trainings, and methods
of policing of various nations.
 Process of outlining the similarities and differences of
one police system to another in order to discover
insights in the field of international policing.
Comparative Criminology

It is the study of the social occurrence of crime


among societies, in order to identify differences
and similarities in the patterns of crime. It is a
discipline in the field of behavioral sciences.
Comparative Criminal Justice

 A subfield of the study of Criminal Justice that


compares justice systems worldwide.
How To Compare?

1. SAFARI METHOD – researcher visits another


country.

2. COLLABORATIVE METHOD – researcher


communicates with foreign researcher
Why compare?

1. To benefit from the experience of others


2. To broaden our understanding of the different
cultures and approaches to problems
3. To help us deal with the many transnational
crime problems that plague our world today
Transnational Crime

It is a term that has been used in comparative


and international criminal justice study in recent
years to reflect the complexity and enormity of
global crime issues. It it defined by the United
Nations as offences whose inception, proportion
and/or direct or indirect effects involve in more
than one country.
International Crime

Defined as crimes against the peace and


security of mankind.
Transnational Organized Crime

 involves the planning and execution of illicit


business ventures by groups or networks of
individuals working in more than one country.
 These criminal groups use systematic violence and
corruption to achieve their goal.
 Crimes commonly include money laundering;
human smuggling; cybercrime; and trafficking of
humans, drugs, weapons, endangered species,
body parts, or nuclear material.
Well-known organized crime groups

Russian Mafia
Around 200 Russian groups that
operate in nearly 60 countries
worldwide.
They have been involved in
racketeering, fraud, tax
evasion, gambling, drug
trafficking, ransom, robbery and
murder.
Well-known organized crime groups

La Cosa Nostra


 Known as the Italian or Italian-American
mafia.
 The most prominent organized crime group
in the world from the 1920’s to the 1990’s.
 They have been involved in violence,
arson, bombings, torture, sharking,
gambling, drug trafficking, health insurance
fraud, and political and judicial corruption.
Well-known organized crime groups

Yakuza
Japanese criminal group
Often involved in multinational
criminals activities, including
human trafficking, gambling,
prostitution, and undermining
licit businesses.
Well-known organized crime groups

FukChing
Chinese organized group in
the United States.
They have been involved in
smuggling, street violence,
and human trafficking.
Well-known organized crime groups

Triads
Underground criminal societies
based in Hong Kong.
They control secret markets and
bus routes and are often
involved in money laundering
and drug trafficking. .
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
 human beings are trafficked for the purposes of
commercial sexual exploitation or forced labor: a
modern-day form of slavery.
 It is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world,
and tied with the illegal arms industry as the second
largest, after the drug, trade.
 Human Trafficking is a crime against humanity.
 It is further defined as an act of recruiting, transporting,
transferring, harboring or receiving a person through a
use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of
exploiting them.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING ELEMENTS
 The Act (What is done)
 Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt
of persons
 The Means (How it is done)
 Threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, abuse of power or vulnerability, or giving
payments or benefits to a person in control of the victim
 The Purpose (Why it is done)
 For the purpose of exploitation, which include exploiting
the prostitution of others, sexual exploitation, forced
labor, slavery or similar practices and the removal of
organs
DRUG TRAFFICKING
 involves selling drugs and drug paraphernalia, whether is
it local exchange between a user and a dealer or a
major international operation.
 Drug trafficking I a problem that affects every nation in
the world and exists in many levels.
 Drug trafficking is the commercial exchange of drugs
and drug paraphernalia.
 This Include any equipment used to manufacture illegal
drugs or use them.
CYBERCRIMES
 generally defined as any type of illegal activity that
makes use of the Internet, a private or public network, or
an in-house computer system.
 As a growing problem around the world, many countries
are beginning to implement laws and other regulatory
mechanisms in an attempt to minimize the incidence of
cybercrime.
TERRORISM
 The use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce,
especially for political purposes.
 The state of fear and submission produced by terrorism
for terrorization.
 A terroristic method of governing or of resisting a
government.
MONEY LAUNDERING
 process of creating the appearance that large amounts
of money obtained from serious crimes, such as drug
trafficking, originated from a legitimate source.
 It is a crime in many jurisdictions with varying definitions.
 It is a key operation of the underground economy.
4 TYPES OF SOCIETIES
1. Folk-communal societies/ primitive societies.
A folk-communal society has little codification law, no
specification among police, and a system of punishment
that just lets things go for a while without attention until
things become too much, and then harsh, barbaric
punishment is resorted to.
2. Urban-commercial societies
Rely on trade as the essence of their market system. An
urban-commercial society has civil law (some standards
and customs are written down), specialized police forces
(some for religious offenses, others for enforcing the King’s
Law), and punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh,
sometimes lenient.
2 Types of Court Systems of the World

1.. Adversarial System


accused is innocent until proven guilty.
Accused is accorded with rights
Penalties may be mitigated
2. Inquisitorial System
-accused is guilty until proven innocent.
- lesser rights are granted to the accused,
- the written law is taken as gospel and subject to
little interpretation.
4 TYPES OF SOCIETIES
2. Urban-industrial societies
produce most of the goods and services they need without
government interference. An urban-industrial society not only
has codified laws (statutes that prohibit) but laws that prescribes
good behavior, police become specialized in how to handle
property crimes, and the system of punishment is run on market
principles of creating incentives and disincentives.
4. Bureaucratic societies
modern post-industrial societies where the emphasis is upon
technique or the “technologizing” of everything, with the
government. A bureaucratic society has a system of laws (along
with armies of lawyers), police who tend to keep busy handling
political crime and terrorism. Juvenile delinquency is a
phenomenon that only occurs in a bureaucratic society
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

 Continental = is the theory of police service which


maintains that police officers are servants of higher
authorities. This theory prevails in the continental
countries like France, Italy and Spain.
 Home Rule = the theory of police service which states
that police officers are servants of the community or the
people. This theory prevails in England and United
States.
CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE

 Old police service = states that the yardstick of police


proficiency relies on the number of arrest made.

 Modern police service = states that the yardstick of


police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.
THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE POLICING

 Alertness to Crime Theory – as nation develops,


people’s alertness to crime heightened. They report
more crime to police and demand the police to
become more effective in solving crimes
 Economic or Migration Theory – that crime everywhere
is a result of unrestrained migration and
overpopulation in urban areas such as ghettos or
slums.
 Opportunity Theory – with higher standards of living,
victims become more careless of their belonging, and
opportunities of crime multiply.
THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE POLICING

 Demographic Theory – this is based on the event when


a greater number of children and being born, as this
baby booms grow up, delinquent subcultures develop
out of the adolescent identity crisis.
 Deprivation Theory – holds that progress comes along
with rising expectations. People at the bottom
develop unrealistic expectations while people at the
top don’t see themselves rising fast enough.
 Modernization Theory – sees the problem as society
becoming too complex.
THREE STYLES OF POLICING

Legalistic
It emphasizes the use of threats or actual arrests to solve
disputes.

Watchman
It emphasizes on informal means of resolving disputes.

Service
It emphasizes on helping the community, as opposed to
enforcing the law.
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEMS

 COMMON LAW SYSTEM – aka Anglo-American Justice,


this exist mostly in English-speaking countries around the
world. They are distinguished by a strong adversarial
system and they primarily rely upon oral system of
evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEMS

CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS – aka Continental Justice or


Romano-Germanic Justice, this is practiced
throughout most of the European Union. They are
distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less
right is granted to the accused and the written law is
taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation.
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEMS

SOCIALIST SYSTEM – aka Marxist-Leninist


Justice, this exist in places where there had
been a communist revolution such as Africa
and Asia. They are distinguished by
procedures designed to rehabilitate or retain
people into fulfilling their responsibilities to the
state.
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEMS

ISLAMIC SYSTEM – aka Muslim Arabic


Justice, they derive all their procedures and
practices from interpretation of the Koran.
Islamic systems in general are characterized
by the absence of positive law and are
based more in the concept of natural
justice.
ON ACCOUNT OF HISTORICAL FINDINGS ON CRIME VOLUME, THE
FOLLOWING ARE HEREBY CONSIDERED AS MODEL POLICE SYSTEMS:

❖SWITZERLAND POLICE

❖JAPAN POLICE

❖IRELAND POLICE

❖EGYPT POLICE
SWITZERLAND POLICE

➢For many years, travel brochures used to


mark “ There is no crime in Switzerland”.

➢Features:
✓Management of underclass populations

✓Effective use of an “iron fist, velvet


glove” approach to offenders.
JAPAN POLICE

➢Their crime rates are not necessarily low,


but stable.

➢Features:
✓Community policing
✓Patriarchal family system
✓Importance of higher education
✓“Shame-based” rather that “guilt-based” attitude
IRELAND POLICE

➢Low Crime Rate despite of serious unemployment


problem, large urban ghettos and a crisis with
religious terrorism

➢Features:
✓Sense of hope and confidence among people
✓People felt that they had a high degree of popular
participation in crime control
EGYPT POLICE
➢Also with little or no crime. The population of 23,000
consist of 11 tribes who are the descendants of
ancient Greeks and it is said that Plato himself
fashioned his model of perfect government.

➢Features:
➢Conflicts are resolved by tribal council
➢NO JAILS OR PRISONS.
➢Typical punishment ostracization (shunning)
EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM

Praetorian guards = military bodies who serve


as guardians of peace in ancient Rome in
which the idea of policing said to have
originated
Officer de la Paix = a French term which
claimed to be the origin of the term Police
Officer
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System
(Ancient England)

A. Tun Policing System - A system of


policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon
period whereby all male residents were
required to guard the town (tun) to
preserve peace and protect the lives and
properties of the people.
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System
(Ancient England)

A. Tun Policing System - Ten families in a town


(tun) equaled a tithing. Each tithing elected
a leader who was known as the Tithingman.
Since 10 tithings amounted to 100, the leader
of the 100 families was named the reeve.
Both the tithingman and reeve were elected
officials. They possessed judicial power as
well as police authority.
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System
(Ancient England)

B. Hue and Cry - A village law started in


Britain which provided methods of
apprehending a criminal by an act of the
complainant to shout to call all male
residents to assemble and arrest the
suspect.
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient
England)

C. Trial by Ordeal - A judicial practice where in the


guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by
subjecting him to an unpleasant, usually
dangerous, experience.
(In present terminologies, it would mean an
employment of a “3rd degree.”)
The word “ordeal” was derived from the Medieval
Latin word “Dei Indicum” which means “a
miraculous decision.”
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient
England)
C. Trial by Ordeal
 1. Trial by hot water
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient
England)
C. Trial by Ordeal
 2. Trial by hot iron
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient
England)
C. Trial by Ordeal
 3. Trial by cold water
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient
England)
C. Trial by Ordeal
 4. Trial by consecrated /
blessed bread
2. Norman Period of Policing System
A. Shire-Rieve
 Shire-Rieve was a policing system during the Norman Period
when England was divided into fifty-five (55) military areas, each
headed by a ruler called the Rieve (head-man or lieutenant of
the army).
 The fifty-five (55) military divisions in England are called shires. The
shire-rieve had absolute powers that no one could questions his or
her actions.
 Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the Horse” were appointed
to each village to aid the Rieve in his duties. It became the source
of the word Constable.
 The term “Shire-Rieve” is said to be the origin of the word
“Sheriff.”
2. Norman Period of Policing System
B. Legis Henrici
 An act that was enacted during this period with the following
features:
i. Offenses were classified as against the king and individual.
ii. Policeman becomes public servant.
iii. The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It
introduced the system called “citizen’s arrest.”
iv. Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. A
system which made inquisition onto the facts of a crime and
eliminate the “Anglo-Saxon Trial or “Trial by Ordeal System.”
2. Norman Period of Policing System

C. Travelling Judge or Circuit Judge


A judge selected to hear cases which were
formerly being judged by the Shire-Rieve and
tasked to travel through and hear criminal
cases. This was the first instance of the division
of the police and judicial powers.
2. Norman Period of Policing System

D. Frankpledge System


A system of policing whereby a group of ten
neighboring male residents over twelve years of
age were required to guard the town to
preserve peace and protect the lives and
properties of the people.
3. Westminster Period of Policing System

During this period, Guards were appointed


and the duties of the constables at night
(watch) and in daytime (ward) were defined.
A. Statute of 1295
 The law that marks the beginning of the
curfew hours, which demanded the closing of
the gates of London during sundown.
3. Westminster Period of Policing System

B. Justice of the Peace (About 1361)


 Three or four men who were learned in the law
of the land were given authority to pursue,
arrest, chastise and imprisonment violators of
law.
They handled felonies, misdemeanors and
infractions of city or village ordinances.
This was later abolished about 75 years after.
3. Westminster Period of Policing System

D. Star Chamber Court (1487)


 A special court designed to try offenders
against the state.
The room set-up is formed in a shape of a star
and judges were given great powers such as
the power to force testimony from a
defendant leading to a great abuse of power
or brutality on the part of the judges.
3. Westminster Period of Policing System

D. Star Chamber Court (1487)


4. Keepers of the Peace

A proclamation issued by King Richard of


England sometime in 1195 that required
the appointment of knights to keep the
King’s peace by standing as guards on
bridges and gates while checking the
people entering and leaving the cities
and towns.
5. King Charles II of England (1663)

King Charles II passed an act which


established or promoted the employment
of watchmen or bellmen to be on duty
from sunset to sunrise.
6. Magna Carta or "The Great Charter"

 A law promulgated by King John of England


upon the demand of the Knights of the
Round Table forcing the King to sign the
same with the following features:
No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned,
banished or exiled except by legal judgment
of his peers.
No person shall be tried for murder unless
there is proof of the body of the victim.
LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829
"
Henry Fielding = appointed as Magistrate in 1748,
introduced the first detective force, known as the Bow
Street Runners
Bow Runners = a group of men organized by Henry Fielding
and named by his brother John Fielding task to catch
thieves and robbers
made up of eight constables who also investigated crimes
handed over to them by the volunteer constables and
watchmen
LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829
"
➢ identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal Crown
LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829
"
➢ identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal Crown
BEGINNING OF MODERN POLICING
(1829)
Sir Robert Peel = appointed as Home Secretary in 1822
= recognized as the father of modern policing system
TOTAL POLICING

METROPOLITAN POLICE = organized in 1829 by Sir


Robert Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of 1829)
= the largest of the police services that operate in
greater London (the others include the City of London
Police and the British Transport Police) = finest police
force around the world.
BEGINNING OF MODERN POLICING
(1829)
the headquarters of the Metropolitan
Police Service is the Scotland Yard, now
known as the New Scotland Yard
Administration Policing Principles of
London Metropolitan Police
1. Stable and effective civil police under
government control
2. Absence of crime is the best proof of
efficiency
3. Fast distribution of crime news to the
police is essential
London Metropolitan Police

Commissioner = highest rank in the


Metropolitan Police
Police Constable = lowest rank
Contributions of the French in Policing

Assigning house numbers


Installing street lights
Use of police ambulances
Use of warrant card and ID signifying the
authority to arrest
AUGUST VOLLMER

recognized as the Father of Modern Law


Enforcement for his contributions in the
development of the field of criminal justice
in the US
author of the book, Police Administration,
which served as the basic guide in the
administration of the police organization in
the US
SELECTED POLICE
MODELS
MODEL SYSTEM
Model system is used to described the countries
being used as topics of discussion. These
countries are chosen not because they are
greater than others but because they are the
focus of comparison being studied.
CHINA

People’s Armed Police, officially Chinese


People’s Armed Police Force, is a
paramilitary or gendermarie force
primarily responsible for civilian policing
and fire rescue duties
Public security police
The largest and most visible
component of the Chinese
Police that performs a wide
range of ordinary police
functions.
Judicial procuratorates police
They escort suspects in
cases investigated by the
procuratorates
JAPAN

 National Police Agency supervises and controls the


police activities of 47 prefectural police
departments and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police
Department.
 Headed by a Commissioner General, approved by
the Prime minister, and appointed by the National
Public Safety Commission, a state body which holds
the rank of Ministry of State, guarantees neutrality of
the police, and administers the NPA.
National Public Safety Commission - It exercises
administrative supervision over the National police
Agency under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister.

National Police Agency - The NPA is headed by a
Commissioner General who is under the
administrative supervision of the Commission,
administers the agency's operations, appoints and
dismisses agency employees and supervises and
controls prefectural police organizations within the
agency's defined duties.
Organizations attached to the National
Police Agency
National Police Academy - provides training
to senior police officers and carries out
academic research.

National Research Institute of Police Science
- conducts research in forensic science and
applies the result of such research in the
examination and identification of evidence
collected during police investigations
Organizations attached to the National
Police Agency
 Imperial Guards Headquarters - provides escort to the
Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince and other Imperial
Family members. It is also responsible for the security of
the Imperial Palace and other Imperial Facilities. It
consists of the Imperial Police Administration, the
Imperial Security and the Imperial Escort Department.

 Regional Police Bureaus. It exercises necessary control
and supervision over and provides support services to
prefectural police within its jurisdiction, under the
authority and orders of NPA's Commissioner General.
Prefectural Police Organization:

 1) Prefectural Public Safety Commissions (PPSC) - exercise


administrative supervision over the prefectural police by formulating
basic policies and regulations for police operations. They are also
authorized to issue administrative licenses for amusement business,
firearm possession and driving permits.

 2) Metropolitan Police Department and Prefectural Police
Headquarters - The local police force of Tokyo is the Metropolitan
Police Department (MPD), while all other prefectures have
Prefectural Police Headquarters. MPD is headed by the
Superintendent General, and the PPHs are headed by Chiefs. They
are responsible for all police operations and personnel.
KOBAN – substations near major
transportation hubs and shopping areas
and in residential districts. They form the
first line of police response to the public.
Koban is staffed by relatively small number
of police officers (3-5).
KEMPEITAI (Military Police Corps) – military
police arm of the Imperial Japanese Army
KOBAN
It is a police post located
in urban neighborhood.
The smallest organizational
unit in today's Japanese
police system.
CHUZAISHO
It is the rural equivalent of the
urban Koban.
What is the term called for the
police officers of Chuzaisho?
Who provides personal
security for the Emperor,
Crown Prince and other
members of the Imperial
Family of Japan?
IMPERIAL GUARD
KIDOTAI (SPECIAL RIOT POLICE )
These units were formed after riots at
the Imperial Palace in 1952, to respond
quickly and effectively to large public
disturbances.
Main requirements?
The overwhelming majority of officers
are bachelors who live in dormitories
within riot police compounds.
What is the official
paramilitary anti-terrorist unit
under the Japanese
National Police Agency?
SAT
SPECIAL ASSAULT TEAM
HONG KONG POLICE

 Hong Kong Police Force is the largest disciplined service under the Security
Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world’s second and Asia’s first police agency
to operate with a modern policing system.
 Commanded by the Commissioner of Police
 HQ: 1 Arsenal Street, wan Chai, Hong Kong Island
MYANMAR

Formally known as The People’s Police Force


Independent department under Ministry of Home
Affairs
Its command structure is based on established civil
jurisdiction
Law enforcement in Vietnam is called the Vietnam
People’s Public Security
HQ: Yangon, Myanmar
CAMBODIA

Cambodian National Police Force


Under Ministry of Interior
Vietnam

People's Public Security of Vietnam


under control of the Ministry of Public
Security. It is a part of the Vietnam
People's Armed Forces and under the de
facto control of Communist Party of
Vietnam.
HQ: Saigon
UNITED STATES POLICING SYSTEM

TYPES OF US POLICE
1. Municipal Police = includes village, township, city and country police
departments, sheriff departments.

Types of Local Police


a. Country Sheriff = in charged with the operation of county jail, civil function
such as service of eviction notices and other court orders and police responsibility.

b. City Police = most common local police organization. It has jurisdiction in


matters that occur in an incorporated municipality.

2. State Police = includes special investigative agencies that concentrate on


statewide law enforcement

3. Federal Police = agencies operated by federal government at the national level


STATE POLICE
Headed by a commissioner or
superintendent.
What is term called for all of the
state police officers?
How many police states are there in
the USA?
(fifty) 50 out of 51 states
Except: Hawaii
U.S. Police Agencies

a. New York City = it is where the first full time police force was
organized in the United States
b. New York Police Department = the largest police force in
the United States
c. Texas Ranger = police force originally created in
response to colonization
d. Boston Police Department = first local modern police
department established in the United States
e. Pennsylvania State Police = the first state police agency
established
f. Los Angeles Police Department = police force that hired
the first female police officer named, Alice Stebbins Wells
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT


created in 1845 in New York, USA
recognized as the first modern style police
department in the US
the largest police force in the world
modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service
of London
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT


the oldest police department in the US
the first night watch was established in
Boston in 1631
formally founded in May, 1854
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
1. Secret Service
 Protecting all living current and former U.S.
president and their families
2. Bureau Of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, And
Explosives
 Assist in controlling the sale of untaxed
liquor and cigarettes, illegal firearms, and
explosives.
3. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
 The federal agency that enforces federal
FBI
Chief investigating branch of
the United States Department
of Justice;
Investigates federal crimes
and handles cases involving
stolen money or property
that has been taken from
one state to another.
National Crime Information Center
(NCIC)
A computerized information
system that stores records on
wanted persons and stolen
property FBI
Who operates it?
Washington,
Where is it located?
DC.
Some Federal Agencies Having Police
Functions
a. Protection of Life, Property and Enforcement of Penal Statutes

1. Federal Bureau of Investigation (Department of Justice) = investigates all violations of


federal law except when the enforcement authority was given to other specific federal
agency

2. United States Secret Service (Department of Treasury) = concerned with investigation of


counterfeiting, forging or altering of any of the money or other securities of the U.S. It is also in
charged of the protection of the president and his family, and of the executive mansion
grounds

3. Bureau of Narcotics (Department of Treasury) = investigated all violations of federal law


relating to prohibited drugs

4. Immigration and Naturalization Service (Department of Justice) = investigates all violations


of immigration and naturalization laws, patrol boarders to prevent surreptitious entry of aliens,
CANADA POLICING SYSTEM
 Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) = colloquially
known as Mounties and internally as “The Force”
= is the national police force of Canada and one of the
most recognized of its kind in the word being a national,
federal, provincial and municipal policing body.
=It is founded in 1920 by the Merger of Royal Northwest
Mounted Police(1873) with the Dominion Police (1868).
 headed by the Commission under the direction of the
Minister of Public Safety Canada.
 Commissioner = highest rank in the Royal Canadian
Mounted Police
 Police Constable 4th Class = lowest rank
HONGKONG POLICING SYSTEM
 Hong Kong Police Force
 is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world's second,
and Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was formed on 1 May
1844.
in 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter to the Hong Kong Police Force for their
handling of the Hong Kong 1967 riots — renaming them: the Royal Hong Kong Police Force. Following
the transfer of sovereignty, the Force is once again named the Hong Kong Police Force

Structure of HKPF
 The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police, who is assisted by two deputy
commissioners:
 a. Deputy Commissioner – Operations = supervises all operational matters including crime and
 b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is responsible for the direction and coordination of
force management including personnel, training, and management services.

 Motto =We Serve with Pride and Care


HONGKONG POLICING SYSTEM
The Hong Kong Police Force is organized into Six Regions:
 Hong Kong Island
 Kowloon East
 Kowloon West
 New Territories North
 New Territories South
 Marine Region
HONGKONG POLICING SYSTEM
Entry Requirements to HKPF

Must be a permanent resident of the Hong Kong Special


Administrative Region and have lived in Hong Kong for at
least seven years.
HONGKONG POLICING SYSTEM
 For Inspector
 Academic Requirements
 Hong Kong degree, or equivalent; or
 An accredited Associate Degree from Hong Kong tertiary institution / A
Higher Diploma from a Hong Kong polytechnic / polytechnic university, or a
Diploma from a registered post-secondary college awarded after the date of
its registration, or equivalent; or
 A pass in two subjects at Advanced Level in the Hong Kong Advanced
Level Examination (2A) plus three other subjects at Grade C or above in the
HKCEE (3O), or a combination of results in five Hong Kong Diploma of
Secondary Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 3 in New Senior Secondary
(NSS) subjects, “Attained with Distinction” in Applied Learning (ApL) subjects
(subject to a maximum of two ApL subjects) and Grade C in Other Language
subjects, or equivalent.
HONGKONG POLICING SYSTEM
For Police Constable
Academic Requirements

Five passes or above, which may include Chinese


Language and English Language, in the HKCEE, or a
combination of results in five Hong Kong Diploma of
Secondary Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 2 in New
Senior Secondary (NSS) subjects, “Attained” in Applied
Learning (ApL) subjects (subject to a maximum of two ApL
subjects) and Grade E in Other Language subjects, or
equivalent.
TAIWAN POLICING SYSTEM
 TAIWAN POLICE FORCE
= is the unified police force of taiwan
= under the supervision of NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY which is
directly under the MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
= under effective civilian control

 FUNCTIONS
1) to maintain public order,
2) to protect social security,
3) to prevent all dangers, and
4) to promote the welfare of all people.
TAIWAN POLICING SYSTEM
 TYPES OF POLICE FORCE IN TAIWAN
1. Administration Police = are generally referred to those who are required to
wear uniforms to carry out duties of household visits, patrolling, raid, guarding,
duty officer, and reserves.
2. Traffic Police = the primary duties of the Traffic Police are to keep traffic order,
to ensure traffic safety, to prevent traffic accidents, and to smooth traffic flow.
3. Special Police = are those who are responsible for protecting the Central
Government, establishing contingent plans and assisting local and specialized
police units in maintaining public order.
4. Criminal Investigation Police = the primary duties of the criminal investigation
police are to prevent and detect crimes.
5. Specialized Police = main duties are to protect state-run enterprises and public
facilities like railways, highways, airports, harbors, MRT and Bank of Taiwan.
MYANMAR POLICING SYSTEM
 Myanmar Police Force
= formally known as The People's Police Force
= established in 1964 as independent department under Ministry of Home Affairs. It was
reorganized on 1 October 1995.
 There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police
Forces
 Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four components
 Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police Force
 Office of the Commander of the District Police Force
 Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force
 Police Stations
INDONESIA POLICING SYSTEM
 Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republika Indonesia)
 is the official police force of Indonesia
 organized 1946
 also known as Polri
 Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquarters of Indonesian National Police located
in KebayoranBaru, South, Jakarta, Indonesia

 POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES


 1. Kepolisian Daerah or Polda = provincial police
 2. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil = regional police
 3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres = city police
 4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek = sub-district police
MALAYSIA POLICING SYSTEM
 ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP:
 Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia, PDRM) = police force of Malaysia.
 headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur
 The constitution, control, employment, recruitment, fund, discipline, duties and
powers of the police force is specified and governed by the Police Act 1967

 Motto = TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH = Firm, Fair And Prudent


MALAYSIA POLICING SYSTEM

Rakan Cop – (malay: Friends of Police) is the


Malaysian community police corps which was
launched by Royal Malaysian Police in Kuala
Lumpur on August 5, 2005 to help combat crime
in the city and any situations around Malaysia.
“Together We Fight Crime”
SINGAPORE POLICING SYSTEM
 Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force as the heritage of
Singapore Police Force in 1819.
 Singapore Police Force (SPF) is the main agency task with the maintaining
law and order in the city-state.
 It is formerly known as Republic of Singapore Police. Organized with split
staff (15) and line functions (13) roughly modeled after the military.
Headquarters at New Poenix Park in Novena.
 The highest rank is Commissioner of Police and the lowest is Police
Constable.
 Section 7 of Police Force Act of 1857 = constitution of the SPF
SINGAPORE POLICING SYSTEM
 Recruitment/training
 High school graduates who were interested in law enforcement as a
career can be recruited and those who are selected for officers had to be
approved by the Public Service Commission.
 Career development course were encouraged for officer and senior
officers are required to travel oversees for training such as in Police Staff
College in Britain, FBI Nat’l Academy in US and Police Academy in Japan.
 Nine (9) months training. Newly appointed officer will be placed on a one
year probation period.
THAILAND POLICING SYSTEM
 Royal Thai Police
 = formerly known as THAILAND NATIONAL POLICE DEPARTMENT (TNPD)
 = In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of Interior of Thailand to
be directly under the Office of the Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai
Police.
 The position of its supreme head was changed from that of the Director-
General of the TNPD to the Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police

 Royal Thai Police Headquarters = based in Bangkok


 Police-General = highest rank of the Royal Thai Police
 Policeman / Constable = lowest rank
THAILAND

Royal Thai Police – is a military-style, service-


oriented police organization with personnel of
240,000 people, a ratio of 1 police official for
every 260 citizen.
HQ: PATHUM WAN, BANGKOK 10330, THAILAND
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
 organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551
 a law enforcement agency under the operational control of the
Department of the Interior and Local Government and administrative
supervision of the National Police Commission
 it is an organization that is national in scope and civilian in character,
as provided by Article XVI, Section 6 of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution:
 “The state shall establish and maintain one police force which shall be
national in scope and civilian in character…”
 headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director General,
appointed by the President and who shall serve a term of office of four
(4) years
ORGANIZATION and
COMPOSITION OF THE PNP
 shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2)
deputy chiefs:
 Deputy Chief for Administration
 Deputy Chief for Operations
 the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be
appointed by the President
 no officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall be
appointed Chief
 the PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional
offices, provincial offices, district offices, and city or municipal
stations
CAMP RAFAEL CRAME

the national headquarters of the


Philippine National Police,
located in Quezon City
PARTICULAR PHILIPPINES BRUNEI CHINA
Name Philippine National Royal Brunei Public Security
Police Police Force Police

Agency NAPOLCOM Polis Diraja Brunei Ministry of Public


attached to DILG Security

Entrance Age 21yo 18yo 18yo


Retirement Age 56yo 60yo 60yo
Minimum rank Patrolman Corporal Police rank 4
Highest Rank Police General Ins.Gen Police General
Min. Qualification Baccalaureate At least Brunei HS Graduate
Degree Holder Junior Certificate
of Education
PARTICULAR HONG KONG INDONESIA ISRAEL
Name Hong Kong Police Indonesia National Israel Police
Force Police
Agency Security Bureau of Secretary for Public Minister of Internal
Hong Kong Diplomacy and Affairs
Public Affairs
Entrance Age 18 yo 18 yo 21 yo
Retirement Age 60 yo 45 yo 55 yo
Minimum rank Police Constable Second Constable
Bhayangkara/Bhyan
gkara Dua
Highest Rank Commissioner of Police Inspector General
Police General/Jenderal
Polisi
Min. Qualification Five subjects Voluntary military Bachelor’s Degree
including Chinese service; 2 years
language and conscript service
English language obligation to age 45;
Indonesian citizens
only
PARTICULAR MALAYSIA MYANMAR SINGAPORE
Name Royal MalaysiaPeople’s Police Singapore Police
Police Force
Agency Malayan Union Ministry of Home Singapore Agency
Police Force Affairs
Entrance Age 20 years old 18 years old 18 yo
Retirement Age 58 yo 60 yo 45 yo
Minimum rank Constable Constables Volunteer Special
Constable
Highest Rank Inspector General Police Director Commissioner of
General Police
Min. Qualification High school Baccalaureate Must be proficient
diploma Degree Holder in English/ Minimum
3 GCE’O’ Level
Accredited
PARTICULAR AUSTRALIA FRANCE JAPAN
Name Australia Federal Police Nationale National Police
Police de France Agency
Agency Federal Bureau of Ministry of Interior
National Public
Narcotic Safety
Commission
Entrance Age 21 yo 17 yo 21 yo
Retirement Age 57 yo 60 yo 60 yo
Minimum rank Probation Gardien de la Police Officer
Constable paix (Keeper of (Junsa)
the Peace)
Highest Rank Commissioner Directeur general Chief
de la police Superintendent
nationale (Keishie)
Min. Qualification Bachelor’s French Upper-
Degree Baccalaureate secondary-scool
Degree graduate and
university
graduates
PARTICULAR GERMANY UNITED KINGDOM USA

Name Federal Police of Metropolitan State Police


Germany Police Service
Agency Federal Ministry of Ministry of Department of
Interior Defense Laws and Public
Safety
Entrance Age 16 yo 18 yo 21 yo
Retirement Age 60 yo 62 yo 55 yo
Minimum rank Senior Constable Policemen/Const Trooper
able
Highest Rank Inspector Police National Superintendent
Commissioner
Min. Qualification HS Degree Bachelor’s Bachelor’s
Degree Degree of
Accredited
University
PARTICULAR THAILAND
Name Royal Thai Police
Agency Thailand National Police
Department

Entrance Age 20 yo
Retirement Age 50 yo
Minimum rank Constable/Police
Highest Rank Police General
Min. Qualification HS Graduate
Globalization

process of interaction and integration


among the people, companies, and
government of different nations, as process
driven by international trade and investment
and aided by information technology.
Effects of Globalization
 The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can
be easily achieved.
 There is a need for transnational policing. The
cooperation among police organization in the world is
vital.
 Training instructional for incoming law enforcement
officers must include advance computer to prepare
them as cyber cops so they can be better prepared to
deal with cyber crimes.
 Development of new strategies to deal with
international organized crimes is a must.
 Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislations
related to modernization theory of crime.
UNITED NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS

The United Nations Organization (UNO) or


simply the United Nations (UN) is an
international organization whose aims are
facilitating cooperation in international law,
international security, economic
development, social progress, human rights,
and achievement of world peace.
UNITED NATIONS

Officially came into existence on October


24,1945
Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D.
Roosevelt

Official Language of UN
Spanish, Arabic, French, English, Russian,
Chinese
UNITED NATIONS

The MAIN ORGANS of the UN are the:


General Assembly
Security Council
Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship Council
International Court of Justice
UN Secretariat
 All were established in 1945 when the UN was founded.
UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Main deliberative, policy making and
representative organ of the United Nations
Comprising of 193 members of the UN
It provides a unique forum for multilateral
discussion of the full spectrum if international
issues covered by the charter
Headed by the President, elected from the
member states and 21 vice presidents
Meets from September to December
SECURITY COUNCIL
 Most powerful of all branches of UN
 Has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and
security
 It has 15 members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members)
 Each member has one vote
 Under the charter, all member states are obligated to comply with council
decisions
 The security council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat
to the peace or act of aggression.
 In some cases, the security council can resort to imposing sanctions or even
authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and
security
 The security council has a presidency, which rotates and changes every
month
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

Task of supervising the administration of Trust


Territories placed under the Trusteeship
system. It is made up of the five permanent
members of Security council: China, France,
Russia, UK, and US
Its goal is to promote the advancement of
the inhabitants of trust territories and their
progressive development towards self-
government or independence.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

It is the principal body for coordination,


policy review, policy dialogue and
recommendations on economic, social
and environmental issue, as well as
implementation of internationally agreed
development goals.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Located in The Hague, Netherlands


Universal Court of International Law
Is the principal judicial organ of the UN
Its role is to settle, in accordance with
international law, legal disputes submitted to
it by states and to give advisory opinions on
legal questions referred to it by authorized UN
organs and specialized agencies.
SECRETARIAT

Comprises the Secretary General and tens


of thousands of international UN staff
members who carry out the day-to-day
work of the UN as mandated by the
General Assembly and the organization’s
other principal organs.
UN CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL
CRIME

The Convention against Transnational


Organized Crime is a UN convention
against transnational organized
crime, adopted in December 2000.
It is also called the Palermo
Convention attended by Heads of
States in Palermo, Italy.
THE PALERMO PROTOCOLS

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish


Trafficking in Persons especially women and
children;

Protocol against the smuggling of migrants


by land, sea or air;
EXTRADITION

A process by which one state, at the request of another,


returns a person for trial for a crime punishable by the
laws of the requesting state and committed outside the
state of refuge.

 The surrendering by one state to another or by one


nation to another of an individual accused of a crime in
the state or nation demanding the surrender of the
accused.

 Extradition
is regulated within countries by extradition
acts and between countries by treaties.
GENEVA CONVENTION

⚫The Geneva Conventions comprise four treaties and three additional


protocols that set the standards in international law for humanitarian
treatment of the victims of war.

⚫The singular term Geneva Convention refers to the agreements of 1949,


negotiated in the aftermath of World War II, updating the terms of the first
three treaties and adding a fourth treaty.

⚫The language is extensive, with articles defining the basic rights of those
captured during a military conflict, establishing protections for the
wounded, and addressing protections for civilians in and around a war
zone. The treaties of 1949 have been ratified, in whole or with reservations,
by 194 countries.
UNITED NATIONS POLICE

Is an integral part of the UN peace


operations
Its goal is to help create a safer environment,
as well as protecting civilians from criminal
activities
1960 – First Police Deployment – the UN first
deployed police officers to the UN Operation
in Congo
PARTICIPATION OF THE PNP IN U.N. PEACE KEEPING MISSIONS
: UN Special Action Team (UNSAT)

COVERAGE of the UNSAT Pre-Qualifying Exam (conducted by the


PNP DPL)

1st Stage - Written Examination which covers


Reading Comprehension, Listening
Comprehension, Report Writing

2nd Stage - Driving Proficiency Test

3rd Stage - Firing Proficiency Test.


PARTICIPATION OF THE PNP IN U.N. PEACE KEEPING MISSIONS :
QUALIFICATIONS
❖ SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED reasons.
 Computer Literacy Requirement  Must not have been convicted of any
administrative or criminal offense; have
 Driving Proficiency Requirement
no pending administrative/criminal
❖ UNIT RECOMMENDATION REQUIREMENT cases in any body/tribunal/court.
 Applicants must be recommended by  No applicant should be a witness to
Unit Commanders (Command Group any administrative/criminal case,
or Directors of their respective especially those covered by Republic
Directorial Staff, National Support Units, Act 9165, or a summary hearing officer
or Police Regional Offices). with unresolved cases.
❖ OTHER REQUIREMENTS ❖ TERM OF DEPLOYMENT
 Performance Evaluation Rating (PER)  All PNP personnel who are deployed as
with a minimum Very Satisfactory part of the UN Peacekeeping Mission shall
evaluation for two (2) consecutive have one (1) year tenure, extendable to 6
rating semesters prior to the UNSAT months.
examinations.
 Must not have been repatriated from
any previous UN mission for disciplinary
PARTICIPATION OF THE PNP IN U.N. PEACE KEEPING MISSIONS :
QUALIFICATIONS
❖ AGE REQUIREMENT ❖ SERVICE REQUIREMENT
 25 years old to 53 years old upon  All applicants must have attained
actual deployment. a minimum of 5 years of active
police service
❖ RANK REQUIREMENT ❖ PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT
 For PCOs: Only those with the  All applicants must have passed
rank of Police Captain, Police the latest Physical Fitness Test (PFT)
Major, or Police Liuetenant conducted by the PNP
Colonel are allowed to apply. Directorate for Human Resource
and Doctrine Development, as
 For PNCOs: Only those within the well as medical, dental, and
rank bracket of Police Staff neuropsychiatric examinations.
Sergeant to Police Executive
Master Sergeant are allowed to
apply.
INTERPOL
ICPO

International Criminal
Police Organization
Organisation Internationale International Criminal
de Police Organization
Police Criminelle
The current emblem of Interpol was
adopted in 1950 and according to their
website has the following symbolism:

Globe - Worldwide Activity


Olive Branches - Peace
Sword - Police Action
Scales - Justice
INTERPOL

is the world’s largest international police


organization, with 194 member countries.
It facilitates cross-border police
cooperation, and supports and assets all
organizations, authorities and services
whose mission is to prevent or combat
international crime.
INTERPOL

 VISION AND MISSION


 The vision – what INTERPOL aspires to achieve
 "Connecting police for a safer world"

 The mission – what INTERPOL does to achieve its


vision
 "Preventing and fighting crime through enhanced
cooperation and innovation on police and security
matters"
Where is its headquarter located?
Lyon, France
The Interpol is comprised of
the following bodies:
1. General Assembly
2. Executive Committee
3. General Secretariat
4. National Central Bureaus
5. Advisers
6. The Commission for the Control of
INTERPOL’s Files
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

INTERPOL’s supreme governing body, it meets


annually and comprises delegates appointed
by each member country.
The assembly takes all important decisions
related to policy, resources, working methods,
finances, activities and programs.
It also elects the Organization's Executive
Committee
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
It comprises 13-member committee
which is elected by the General
Assembly.
The Executive Committee is INTERPOL’s
select deliberative organ which meets
three times a year.
How long is the tenure of duty of the
executive committee?
President Vice- Presidents
4 years 3 years

They are not immediately eligible for


re-election either to the same posts, or
as delegates to the Executive
Committee.
GENERAL SECRETARIAT
Where is the General Secretariat based?
It coordinates the international activities of
member countries, holds a library of
international criminal records, and
organizes regular meetings at which
delegates can exchange information on
police work.
The General Secretariat operates 24 hours
a day, 365 days a year.
Who is called the head of the General
Secretariat?

SECRETARY GENERAL
What are organization’s
four official languages?
1. Spanish
2. Arabic
3. French
4. English
NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS (NCB)
The NCB is the designated CONTACT POINT
for the General Secretariat, regional offices
and other member countries requiring
assistance with overseas investigations and
the location and apprehension of fugitives.
Each INTERPOL member country maintains a
National Central Bureau staffed by national
law enforcement officers.
National Central Bureau – Manila
CHAIRMAN?
Police General Philippine National Police
MEMBERS:
❖Director, National Bureau of Investigation
❖Commissioner, Bureau of Customs
❖Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue
❖Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration
❖Governor, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
❖Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board
ADVISERS
These are experts in a purely
advisory capacity, who may
be appointed by the
Executive Committee and
confirmed by the General
Assembly.
COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF
INTERPOL’S FILES (CCF)
To ensure that the processing of personal
information by INTERPOL complies with the
Organization's regulations,
To advise INTERPOL on any project, operation,
set of rules or other matter involving the
processing of personal information and
To process requests concerning the
information contained in INTERPOL's files
The INTERPOL Notices System
An Interpol notice or international
notice is issued by Interpol to
share information between its
members.
Red Notice

To seek the arrest


or provisional arrest
of wanted persons
with a view to
extradition.
Orange Notice
To warn police, public
entities and other
international
organizations about
potential threats from
disguised weapons,
parcel bombs and other
dangerous materials.
Yellow Notice
To help locate missing
persons, often minors, or
to help identify persons who
are unable to identify
themselves.
Green Notice
To provide warnings and
criminal intelligence
about persons who have
committed criminal
offenses and are likely to
repeat these crimes in
other countries
Blue Notice
To collect additional
information about a
person’s identity or
activities in relation
to a crime.
PURPLE Notice
To seek or provide
information on
modus operandi,
objects, devices and
concealment
methods used by
criminals.
Black Notice

To seek information
on unidentified
bodies.
Interpol Notice
Issued for groups and
individuals who are the
targets of UN Security
Council Sanctions
Committees.
EUROPOL

Europol is the European Law Enforcement


Agency
aims at improving the effectiveness and co–
operation of the competent authorities in
the Member States in preventing and
combating terrorism, unlawful drug
trafficking and other serious forms of
organized crime.
ASEAN NATIONAL POLICE
(ASEANAPOL)
The current membership of
ASEANAPOL is composed of ten (10)
States to wit:: 1) Brunei; 2) Cambodia;
3) Indonesia; 4) Laos; 5) Malaysia; 6)
Myanmar; 7) Philippines; 8) Singapore;
9)Thailand; and 10) Vietnam.
ASEANAPOL Objectives
1. Enhancing police professionalism
2. Forging stronger regional co-
operation in police work and
promoting lasting friendship among
the police officers of ASEAN countries.
ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

– it comprise of Deputy Heads of


Delegation attending the annual
ASEANAPOL Conference. It provides
a summary repost of the activities of
the Secretariat to the Head of
Delegation at the ASEANAPOL
Conference.
ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT

Was on rotational basis with member


countries taking turn to host the
ASEANAPOL Conference and
automatically assume the role of the
secretariat for the current year. It is
headed by an Executive Director and he
is assisted by 2 Directors, one for Police
services and one for Plans and Programs.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE
ASEANAPOL SECRETARIAT
 approved by the ASEANAPOL Conference upon
nomination on rotational basis in alphabetical order for
a term of two years. He shall be a Senior Police Officer
with a rank of Colonel above or its equivalent.

 He shall present a report of the activities, including


among others, issues on financial performance,
procurement of works, supplies and services and control,
management of contracts of the Secretariat to the
ASEANAPOL Executive Committee.
PHILIPPINE CENTER ON
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME (PCTC)
Its mission was to formulate and
implement a concerted
program of action of all law
enforcement and government
agencies for the prevention
and control of transnational
crimes.
PHILIPPINE CENTER FOR
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

 The PCTC was created to address the global threat


to national and international security;

 It is established to provide a shared central


database among agencies for information on
criminals, methodologies, arrests, and convictions
involving transnational crimes and other crimes that
have an impact on the stability and security of the
country.
FUNCTIONS OF THE PCTC
▣ Supervise and control conduct of anti-
transnational crime operations;

▣ Establish a central database on national as well as


international legislations and jurisprudence on
transnational crime;

▣ Formulate strategies for the prevention and


detection of transnational organized crime and for
the apprehension of criminal elements involved;
FUNCTIONS OF THE PCTC
▣ Design programs and projects aimed at
enhancing national capacity-building in
combating transnational crime, and support
related programmes and projects of other ASEAN
and international Centers; and

▣ Explore and coordinate information exchanges


and training with other government agencies,
foreign countries and international organizations
involved in the combat against transnational
crime.
What is the mother agency of PCTC?

Office of the President


INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP)
The world's oldest and largest
nonprofit membership organization
of police executives.
IACP's leadership consists of the
operating chief executives of
international, federal, state and local
agencies of all sizes.
Q&A
1. In Japan Police Force, it is the highest rank in
the system.
A. Commissioner General
B. Superintendent General
C. Chief Superintendent
D. Corporal
1. In Japan Police Force, it is the highest rank in
the system.
A. Commissioner General
B. Superintendent General
C. Chief Superintendent
D. Corporal
2. In the Civil Service System, merit and fitness are
the primary consideration in the ________.
A. two-party system B. promotional system
C. evaluation system D. tools system
2. In the Civil Service System, merit and fitness are
the primary consideration in the ________.
A. two-party system B. promotional system
C. evaluation system D. tools system
3. In the continent of Asia, where can you find the
country of Vietnam?
A. Central Asia B. Eastern Asia
C. South-eastern Asia D. Southern Asia
3. In the continent of Asia, where can you find the
country of Vietnam?
A. Central Asia B. Eastern Asia
C. South-eastern Asia D. Southern Asia
4. In the Hong Kong Police Force we have the
Commissioner of Police, how about the Philippine
National Police?
A. DILG Director
B. Police General
C. Major General
D. Secretary of Defense
4. In the Hong Kong Police Force we have the
Commissioner of Police, how about the Philippine
National Police?
A. DILG Director
B. Police General
C. Major General
D. Secretary of Defense
5. It refers to a package of transnational flow of
people, production, investment, information, ideas
and authority.
A. Transnationalization
B. internationalization
C. inter-border
D. globalization
5. It refers to a package of transnational flow of
people, production, investment, information, ideas
and authority.
A. Transnationalization
B. internationalization
C. inter-border
D. globalization
6. It refers specifically to transnational crime
carried out by organized crime organizations.
A. Transnational crime
B. Transnational Organized Crime
C. Organized crime gangs
D. Organized Criminal
6. It refers specifically to transnational crime
carried out by organized crime organizations.
A. Transnational crime
B. Transnational Organized Crime
C. Organized crime gangs
D. Organized Criminal
7. In US, the sheriff for each county is chosen
through
A. referendum
B. election
C. appointment by governor
D. elimination
7. In US, the sheriff for each county is chosen
through
A. referendum
B. election
C. appointment by governor
D. elimination
8. Policing in the United States (U.S.) is divided in
these broad categories except
A. Federal Police B. State Police
C. County Police D. Province Police.
8. Policing in the United States (U.S.) is divided in
these broad categories except
A. Federal Police B. State Police
C. County Police D. Province Police
9. The continent which was derived from the
name of a Phoenix in Greek Mythology.

A. Europe
B. South America
C. North America
D. Asia
9. The continent which was derived from the
name of a Phoenix in Greek Mythology.

A. Europe
B. South America
C. North America
D. Asia
10. The fastest growing criminal industry in the
world.
A. Human Trafficking B. Exploitation
C. Bonded labor D. Forced labor
10. The fastest growing criminal industry in the
world.
A. Human Trafficking B. Exploitation
C. Bonded labor D. Forced labor
11. The head of PNP has a rank of Police General,
what is the highest rank in Hong Kong?
A. Police Chief
B. Commissioner of Police
C. Police Inspector general
D. Commissioner
11. The head of PNP has a rank of Police General,
what is the highest rank in Hong Kong?
A. Police Chief
B. Commissioner of Police
C. Police Inspector general
D. Commissioner
12. The primary duty of this group is to protect the
emperor of Japan and its family.
A. Imperial Police B. Imperial guard
C. Imperial security D. Imperial Agency
12. The primary duty of this group is to protect the
emperor of Japan and its family.
A. Imperial Police B. Imperial guard
C. Imperial security D. Imperial Agency
13. What is the highest rank in Indonesia police
force?
A. Police General
B. Commissioner
C. Inspector General
D. Commissioner General
13. What is the highest rank in Indonesia police
force?
A. Police General
B. Commissioner
C. Inspector General
D. Commissioner General
14. What is the lowest rank in Hong Kong?
A. Police
B. First Bhayangkara
C. Second Bhayangkara
D. Police constable
14. What is the lowest rank in Hong Kong?
A. Police
B. First Bhayangkara
C. Second Bhayangkara
D. Police constable
15. What is the lowest rank in Indonesia police
force?
A. Watch B. Second Bhayangkara
C. Constable D. Police constable
15. What is the lowest rank in Indonesia police
force?
A. Watch B. Second Bhayangkara
C. Constable D. Police constable
16. Which police organization applies the “iron fist,
velvet glove” in the enforcement of law?
A. Switzerland Police B. Japan Police
C. Ireland Police D. Egypt Police
16. Which police organization applies the “iron fist,
velvet glove” in the enforcement of law?
A. Switzerland Police B. Japan Police
C. Ireland Police D. Egypt Police
17. This is a crime, consisting of an intentional act
of political violence to create an atmosphere of
fear.
A. Terrorism B. Political crime
C. Hostage taking D. Transnational crime
17. This is a crime, consisting of an intentional act
of political violence to create an atmosphere of
fear.
A. Terrorism B. Political crime
C. Hostage taking D. Transnational crime
18. This is a very broad category, encompassing
everything from illegal immigration to international
prostitution, slavery, and child pornography.
A. Flow of people B. Migration
C. Human trafficking D. Sex slavery
18. This is a very broad category, encompassing
everything from illegal immigration to international
prostitution, slavery, and child pornography.
A. Flow of people B. Migration
C. Human trafficking D. Sex slavery
19. What type of democratic policing does Japan
have compare to U.S?
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
19. What type of democratic policing does Japan
have compare to U.S?
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
20. This is the type of system which is extremely
decentralized and one of its characteristics is
having numerous police agencies;
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
20. This is the type of system which is extremely
decentralized and one of its characteristics is
having numerous police agencies;
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
21. This is the kind of policing system where police
control is under direct control of the national
government:
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
21. This is the kind of policing system where police
control is under direct control of the national
government:
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
22. What notice is being applied to help locate
missing persons including children, or to help
people to identify themselves.
A. Blue notices B. Green notices
C. Red notices D. Yellow notices
22. What notice is being applied to help locate
missing persons including children, or to help
people to identify themselves.
A. Blue notices B. Green notices
C. Red notices D. Yellow notices
23. The Philippine National Police motto is To Serve
and Protect while the motto of HongKong Police
force.
A. Tegas, Adil Dan Berhemah
B. We serve with pride and Care
C. Fidelis Ad Mortem
D. None of these
23. The Philippine National Police motto is To Serve
and Protect while the motto of HongKong Police
force.
A. Tegas, Adil Dan Berhemah
B. We serve with pride and Care
C. Fidelis Ad Mortem
D. None of these

You might also like