Comparative Models in Policing ARC
Comparative Models in Policing ARC
Comparative Models in Policing ARC
SYSTEM
Comparative
Russian Mafia
Around 200 Russian groups that
operate in nearly 60 countries
worldwide.
They have been involved in
racketeering, fraud, tax
evasion, gambling, drug
trafficking, ransom, robbery and
murder.
Well-known organized crime groups
Yakuza
Japanese criminal group
Often involved in multinational
criminals activities, including
human trafficking, gambling,
prostitution, and undermining
licit businesses.
Well-known organized crime groups
FukChing
Chinese organized group in
the United States.
They have been involved in
smuggling, street violence,
and human trafficking.
Well-known organized crime groups
Triads
Underground criminal societies
based in Hong Kong.
They control secret markets and
bus routes and are often
involved in money laundering
and drug trafficking. .
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
human beings are trafficked for the purposes of
commercial sexual exploitation or forced labor: a
modern-day form of slavery.
It is the fastest growing criminal industry in the world,
and tied with the illegal arms industry as the second
largest, after the drug, trade.
Human Trafficking is a crime against humanity.
It is further defined as an act of recruiting, transporting,
transferring, harboring or receiving a person through a
use of force, coercion or other means, for the purpose of
exploiting them.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING ELEMENTS
The Act (What is done)
Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt
of persons
The Means (How it is done)
Threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, abuse of power or vulnerability, or giving
payments or benefits to a person in control of the victim
The Purpose (Why it is done)
For the purpose of exploitation, which include exploiting
the prostitution of others, sexual exploitation, forced
labor, slavery or similar practices and the removal of
organs
DRUG TRAFFICKING
involves selling drugs and drug paraphernalia, whether is
it local exchange between a user and a dealer or a
major international operation.
Drug trafficking I a problem that affects every nation in
the world and exists in many levels.
Drug trafficking is the commercial exchange of drugs
and drug paraphernalia.
This Include any equipment used to manufacture illegal
drugs or use them.
CYBERCRIMES
generally defined as any type of illegal activity that
makes use of the Internet, a private or public network, or
an in-house computer system.
As a growing problem around the world, many countries
are beginning to implement laws and other regulatory
mechanisms in an attempt to minimize the incidence of
cybercrime.
TERRORISM
The use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce,
especially for political purposes.
The state of fear and submission produced by terrorism
for terrorization.
A terroristic method of governing or of resisting a
government.
MONEY LAUNDERING
process of creating the appearance that large amounts
of money obtained from serious crimes, such as drug
trafficking, originated from a legitimate source.
It is a crime in many jurisdictions with varying definitions.
It is a key operation of the underground economy.
4 TYPES OF SOCIETIES
1. Folk-communal societies/ primitive societies.
A folk-communal society has little codification law, no
specification among police, and a system of punishment
that just lets things go for a while without attention until
things become too much, and then harsh, barbaric
punishment is resorted to.
2. Urban-commercial societies
Rely on trade as the essence of their market system. An
urban-commercial society has civil law (some standards
and customs are written down), specialized police forces
(some for religious offenses, others for enforcing the King’s
Law), and punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh,
sometimes lenient.
2 Types of Court Systems of the World
Legalistic
It emphasizes the use of threats or actual arrests to solve
disputes.
Watchman
It emphasizes on informal means of resolving disputes.
Service
It emphasizes on helping the community, as opposed to
enforcing the law.
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEMS
❖SWITZERLAND POLICE
❖JAPAN POLICE
❖IRELAND POLICE
❖EGYPT POLICE
SWITZERLAND POLICE
➢Features:
✓Management of underclass populations
➢Features:
✓Community policing
✓Patriarchal family system
✓Importance of higher education
✓“Shame-based” rather that “guilt-based” attitude
IRELAND POLICE
➢Features:
✓Sense of hope and confidence among people
✓People felt that they had a high degree of popular
participation in crime control
EGYPT POLICE
➢Also with little or no crime. The population of 23,000
consist of 11 tribes who are the descendants of
ancient Greeks and it is said that Plato himself
fashioned his model of perfect government.
➢Features:
➢Conflicts are resolved by tribal council
➢NO JAILS OR PRISONS.
➢Typical punishment ostracization (shunning)
EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM
Hong Kong Police Force is the largest disciplined service under the Security
Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world’s second and Asia’s first police agency
to operate with a modern policing system.
Commanded by the Commissioner of Police
HQ: 1 Arsenal Street, wan Chai, Hong Kong Island
MYANMAR
TYPES OF US POLICE
1. Municipal Police = includes village, township, city and country police
departments, sheriff departments.
a. New York City = it is where the first full time police force was
organized in the United States
b. New York Police Department = the largest police force in
the United States
c. Texas Ranger = police force originally created in
response to colonization
d. Boston Police Department = first local modern police
department established in the United States
e. Pennsylvania State Police = the first state police agency
established
f. Los Angeles Police Department = police force that hired
the first female police officer named, Alice Stebbins Wells
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Structure of HKPF
The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police, who is assisted by two deputy
commissioners:
a. Deputy Commissioner – Operations = supervises all operational matters including crime and
b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is responsible for the direction and coordination of
force management including personnel, training, and management services.
FUNCTIONS
1) to maintain public order,
2) to protect social security,
3) to prevent all dangers, and
4) to promote the welfare of all people.
TAIWAN POLICING SYSTEM
TYPES OF POLICE FORCE IN TAIWAN
1. Administration Police = are generally referred to those who are required to
wear uniforms to carry out duties of household visits, patrolling, raid, guarding,
duty officer, and reserves.
2. Traffic Police = the primary duties of the Traffic Police are to keep traffic order,
to ensure traffic safety, to prevent traffic accidents, and to smooth traffic flow.
3. Special Police = are those who are responsible for protecting the Central
Government, establishing contingent plans and assisting local and specialized
police units in maintaining public order.
4. Criminal Investigation Police = the primary duties of the criminal investigation
police are to prevent and detect crimes.
5. Specialized Police = main duties are to protect state-run enterprises and public
facilities like railways, highways, airports, harbors, MRT and Bank of Taiwan.
MYANMAR POLICING SYSTEM
Myanmar Police Force
= formally known as The People's Police Force
= established in 1964 as independent department under Ministry of Home Affairs. It was
reorganized on 1 October 1995.
There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police
Forces
Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four components
Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police Force
Office of the Commander of the District Police Force
Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force
Police Stations
INDONESIA POLICING SYSTEM
Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republika Indonesia)
is the official police force of Indonesia
organized 1946
also known as Polri
Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquarters of Indonesian National Police located
in KebayoranBaru, South, Jakarta, Indonesia
Entrance Age 20 yo
Retirement Age 50 yo
Minimum rank Constable/Police
Highest Rank Police General
Min. Qualification HS Graduate
Globalization
Official Language of UN
Spanish, Arabic, French, English, Russian,
Chinese
UNITED NATIONS
Extradition
is regulated within countries by extradition
acts and between countries by treaties.
GENEVA CONVENTION
⚫The language is extensive, with articles defining the basic rights of those
captured during a military conflict, establishing protections for the
wounded, and addressing protections for civilians in and around a war
zone. The treaties of 1949 have been ratified, in whole or with reservations,
by 194 countries.
UNITED NATIONS POLICE
International Criminal
Police Organization
Organisation Internationale International Criminal
de Police Organization
Police Criminelle
The current emblem of Interpol was
adopted in 1950 and according to their
website has the following symbolism:
SECRETARY GENERAL
What are organization’s
four official languages?
1. Spanish
2. Arabic
3. French
4. English
NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS (NCB)
The NCB is the designated CONTACT POINT
for the General Secretariat, regional offices
and other member countries requiring
assistance with overseas investigations and
the location and apprehension of fugitives.
Each INTERPOL member country maintains a
National Central Bureau staffed by national
law enforcement officers.
National Central Bureau – Manila
CHAIRMAN?
Police General Philippine National Police
MEMBERS:
❖Director, National Bureau of Investigation
❖Commissioner, Bureau of Customs
❖Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue
❖Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration
❖Governor, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
❖Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board
ADVISERS
These are experts in a purely
advisory capacity, who may
be appointed by the
Executive Committee and
confirmed by the General
Assembly.
COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF
INTERPOL’S FILES (CCF)
To ensure that the processing of personal
information by INTERPOL complies with the
Organization's regulations,
To advise INTERPOL on any project, operation,
set of rules or other matter involving the
processing of personal information and
To process requests concerning the
information contained in INTERPOL's files
The INTERPOL Notices System
An Interpol notice or international
notice is issued by Interpol to
share information between its
members.
Red Notice
To seek information
on unidentified
bodies.
Interpol Notice
Issued for groups and
individuals who are the
targets of UN Security
Council Sanctions
Committees.
EUROPOL
A. Europe
B. South America
C. North America
D. Asia
9. The continent which was derived from the
name of a Phoenix in Greek Mythology.
A. Europe
B. South America
C. North America
D. Asia
10. The fastest growing criminal industry in the
world.
A. Human Trafficking B. Exploitation
C. Bonded labor D. Forced labor
10. The fastest growing criminal industry in the
world.
A. Human Trafficking B. Exploitation
C. Bonded labor D. Forced labor
11. The head of PNP has a rank of Police General,
what is the highest rank in Hong Kong?
A. Police Chief
B. Commissioner of Police
C. Police Inspector general
D. Commissioner
11. The head of PNP has a rank of Police General,
what is the highest rank in Hong Kong?
A. Police Chief
B. Commissioner of Police
C. Police Inspector general
D. Commissioner
12. The primary duty of this group is to protect the
emperor of Japan and its family.
A. Imperial Police B. Imperial guard
C. Imperial security D. Imperial Agency
12. The primary duty of this group is to protect the
emperor of Japan and its family.
A. Imperial Police B. Imperial guard
C. Imperial security D. Imperial Agency
13. What is the highest rank in Indonesia police
force?
A. Police General
B. Commissioner
C. Inspector General
D. Commissioner General
13. What is the highest rank in Indonesia police
force?
A. Police General
B. Commissioner
C. Inspector General
D. Commissioner General
14. What is the lowest rank in Hong Kong?
A. Police
B. First Bhayangkara
C. Second Bhayangkara
D. Police constable
14. What is the lowest rank in Hong Kong?
A. Police
B. First Bhayangkara
C. Second Bhayangkara
D. Police constable
15. What is the lowest rank in Indonesia police
force?
A. Watch B. Second Bhayangkara
C. Constable D. Police constable
15. What is the lowest rank in Indonesia police
force?
A. Watch B. Second Bhayangkara
C. Constable D. Police constable
16. Which police organization applies the “iron fist,
velvet glove” in the enforcement of law?
A. Switzerland Police B. Japan Police
C. Ireland Police D. Egypt Police
16. Which police organization applies the “iron fist,
velvet glove” in the enforcement of law?
A. Switzerland Police B. Japan Police
C. Ireland Police D. Egypt Police
17. This is a crime, consisting of an intentional act
of political violence to create an atmosphere of
fear.
A. Terrorism B. Political crime
C. Hostage taking D. Transnational crime
17. This is a crime, consisting of an intentional act
of political violence to create an atmosphere of
fear.
A. Terrorism B. Political crime
C. Hostage taking D. Transnational crime
18. This is a very broad category, encompassing
everything from illegal immigration to international
prostitution, slavery, and child pornography.
A. Flow of people B. Migration
C. Human trafficking D. Sex slavery
18. This is a very broad category, encompassing
everything from illegal immigration to international
prostitution, slavery, and child pornography.
A. Flow of people B. Migration
C. Human trafficking D. Sex slavery
19. What type of democratic policing does Japan
have compare to U.S?
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
19. What type of democratic policing does Japan
have compare to U.S?
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
20. This is the type of system which is extremely
decentralized and one of its characteristics is
having numerous police agencies;
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
20. This is the type of system which is extremely
decentralized and one of its characteristics is
having numerous police agencies;
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
21. This is the kind of policing system where police
control is under direct control of the national
government:
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
21. This is the kind of policing system where police
control is under direct control of the national
government:
A. Fragmented B. Centralized
C. Integrated D. None of these
22. What notice is being applied to help locate
missing persons including children, or to help
people to identify themselves.
A. Blue notices B. Green notices
C. Red notices D. Yellow notices
22. What notice is being applied to help locate
missing persons including children, or to help
people to identify themselves.
A. Blue notices B. Green notices
C. Red notices D. Yellow notices
23. The Philippine National Police motto is To Serve
and Protect while the motto of HongKong Police
force.
A. Tegas, Adil Dan Berhemah
B. We serve with pride and Care
C. Fidelis Ad Mortem
D. None of these
23. The Philippine National Police motto is To Serve
and Protect while the motto of HongKong Police
force.
A. Tegas, Adil Dan Berhemah
B. We serve with pride and Care
C. Fidelis Ad Mortem
D. None of these