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Ipv4 Addressing

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25 views1 page

Ipv4 Addressing

Uploaded by

Kasulane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Video Explanation - IPv4 Addressing (5 min)

Sometimes we need to communicate with devices that are on a different network. In this analogy, Telethia
wants to ask Rick to go to lunch. However, Rick is in a different room. She gives this message to Allan, who is
adjacent to both rooms, so he can relay the message to Rick.
IP addresses allow devices to communicate with each other that are on the same or different networks.
Routers are used to forward messages between IP networks. In this analogy, each room would be a different
IP network, and Allan would be the router.
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit addresses, represented in dotted decimal notation. IPv6 addresses are 128-bit
addresses, represented by colon-separated hexadecimal notation. The difference between decimal,
hexadecimal, and binary is that the decimal number system is base 10, having 10 digits, zero through nine.
The hexadecimal system is base 16, having 16 digits, zero through nine, plus A, B, C, D, E, and F, which
equate to decimal base 10, 10 through 15, respectively. The binary number system is base two, having only
two digits, zero and one.
IPv4 addresses are four decimal numbers, separated by a decimal, with each representing eight bits, for a
total of 32 bits. IPv4 addresses have a 32-bit subnet mask, also represented in dotted decimal notation.
Subnet masks are a continuous string of ones, with the rest of the mask being all zero bits. This means that
there are specific values that a subnet mask will have, such as 225.255.255.0.
Subnet masks can be represented in slash notation, using a slash followed by the number of one bits in the
subnet mask. This is also known as the prefix length. Although the binary number system is beyond the scope
of this video, the dotted decimal subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 would be the same as a slash 24 prefix
length. An IP address has two parts: a network portion and a host portion.
The 32-bit subnet mask is used to differentiate these two parts. The ones in the subnet mask indicate the
network portion of the address, whereas the zeroes in the subnet mask indicate the host portion. In our
example, the three decimal 255s, 24 one bits, indicate the network portion of the IPv4 address. And the
decimal zero, or zero bits, indicate the host portion.
Let's look at an example. We have two IPv4 networks. 192.168.1.0, with the 255.255.255.0 mask, and
172.16.0.0 with the 255.255.0.0 mask. Network addresses have all zero bits in the host portion. Notice that all
the devices in both networks share the same subnet mask, which means the network portion of their
addresses are identical, indicated in blue. Their host portions are unique, indicated in red. PC A has the IPv4
host address 192.168.1.100. If PC A moves to a different network, its IPv4 address will change, and it will
share the same subnet mask, along with the same network portion of its address, with all other devices on
that network. As you can see, PC A now has the IPv4 address 172.16.3.10, with the subnet mask
255.255.0.0, which means it's part of the 172.16.0.0 network.
End of Document

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