Online Diploma in Islamic Studies - Information Technology

Module - 8
Emerging technologies

Introduction

Emerging technologies are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are
still largely unrealized, such that they are figuratively emerging into prominence from a
background of nonexistence - ​Wikipedia.

Some of the emerging technologies are as follows:

1. Artificial Intelligence
2. Cryptocurrency
3. Virtual/Augmented Reality
4. Internet of things (IOT)
5. 3D printing
6. 5G Mobile Network
7. Autonomous Systems
8. Quantum Computing

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software with

human/animal-like intelligence. In other words, it is the study and design of intelligent agents
where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that
maximize its chances of success.

Areas where AI is being used:

1. Marketing - recommendation in online stores

2. Banking - customer support
3. Finance - using prediction to increase profit
4. Agriculture - using robotics to protect crops
5. Health Care - identify diseases
6. Space Exploration - large data analysis
7. Autonomous Vehicles - self-driving cars
8. Chatbots - text/speech recognition
9. Social Media - facebook feed, face recognition

Cryptocurrency

A cryptocurrency (or crypto currency or crypto for short) is a digital asset designed to work as a
medium of exchange wherein individual coin ownership records are stored in a ledger existing in

Reproduction and modification of this material in any form other than personal use is strictly prohibited without prior
written permission from Taibah Academy.
 Online Diploma in Islamic Studies - Information Technology
Module - 8
Emerging technologies

a form of computerized database using strong cryptography to secure transaction records, to

control the creation of additional coins, and to verify the transfer of coin ownership. It typically
does not exist in physical form (like paper money) and is typically not issued by a central
authority. ​Bitcoin​, first released as open-source software in 2009, is the first decentralized
cryptocurrency.

Fig. Cryptocurrency Logo

Virtual/Augmented Reality

Virtual reality (VR) is a simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from
the real world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment (e.g. video games) and
education (e.g. medical or military training). Other distinct types of VR-style technology include
augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR).

Reproduction and modification of this material in any form other than personal use is strictly prohibited without prior
written permission from Taibah Academy.
 Online Diploma in Islamic Studies - Information Technology
Module - 8
Emerging technologies

Fig. Virtual Reality

Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the

objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual
information. AR can be defined as a system that fulfills three basic features: a combination of
real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction, and accurate 3D registration of virtual and real
objects.

Reproduction and modification of this material in any form other than personal use is strictly prohibited without prior
written permission from Taibah Academy.
 Online Diploma in Islamic Studies - Information Technology
Module - 8
Emerging technologies

Fig. Augmented Reality

Mixed reality (MR) is the merging of real and virtual worlds to produce new environments and
visualizations, where physical and digital objects co-exist and interact in real time. Mixed reality
does not exclusively take place in either the physical or virtual world, but is a hybrid of reality
and virtual reality.[1] There are many practical applications of mixed reality, including
entertainment, military training, and remote working.

Fig. Mixed Reality

Internet of things (IOT)

The Internet of things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects - “things” - that are
embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and
exchanging data with other devices and systems over the Internet. Smart homes are an
example of IOT which can include lighting, heating and air conditioning, media and security
systems and camera systems. Long-term benefits could include energy savings by
automatically ensuring lights and electronics are turned off or by making the residents in the
home aware of usage.

Reproduction and modification of this material in any form other than personal use is strictly prohibited without prior
written permission from Taibah Academy.
 Online Diploma in Islamic Studies - Information Technology
Module - 8
Emerging technologies

Fig. Smart Home

3D Printing

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a

CAD model or a digital 3D model. The term "3D printing" can refer to a variety of processes in
which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control to create a
three-dimensional object, with material being added together, typically layer by layer.

Fig. 3D Printing

Reproduction and modification of this material in any form other than personal use is strictly prohibited without prior
written permission from Taibah Academy.
 Online Diploma in Islamic Studies - Information Technology
Module - 8
Emerging technologies

5G Mobile Network

5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 4G network.
5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything
together.

Some of the reasons why 5G will be better than 4G:

1. 5G is significantly faster
2. 5G has more capacity
3. 5G has significantly lower latency
4. 5G is a unified platform

5G is used across three main types of connected services:

1. Enhanced mobile broadband - smartphones, AR, VR
2. Mission-critical communications - remote control of vehicles, medical procedures
3. Massive IoT

5G is designed to deliver peak data rates up to 20 Gbps.

5G is already here today, and global operators started launching new 5G networks in early
2019. In 2020, many countries expect nationwide 5G mobile networks.

You will need to get a new smartphone that supports 5G if you want to be able to use the
network.

Autonomous Systems

Autonomous means self-governing. An autonomous system is a system that has overall control
on itself and its performance by sensing the environment, without external intervention. A
self-driving car is an example of an autonomous system.

A self-driving car is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with
little or no human input. Self-driving cars combine a variety of sensors to perceive their
surroundings, such as radar, sonar, GPS etc. Advanced control systems interpret sensory
information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signs.

Reproduction and modification of this material in any form other than personal use is strictly prohibited without prior
written permission from Taibah Academy.
 Online Diploma in Islamic Studies - Information Technology
Module - 8
Emerging technologies

Fig. Self-Driving Car

Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is the use of quantum phenomena such as superposition and

entanglement to perform computation. Computers that perform quantum computations are
known as quantum computers. Quantum computers are believed to be able to solve certain
computational problems substantially faster than classical computers. The study of quantum
computing is a subfield of quantum information science.

The secret to a quantum computer’s power lies in its ability to generate and manipulate
quantum bits, or qubits. Today's computers use bits - a stream of electrical or optical pulses
representing 1s or 0s. Quantum computers, on the other hand, use ​qubits​, which are typically
subatomic particles such as electrons or photons.

They won’t wipe out conventional computers, though. Using a classical machine will still be the
easiest and most economical solution for tackling most problems. But quantum computers
promise to power exciting advances in various fields, from materials science to pharmaceuticals
research. Companies are already experimenting with them to develop things like lighter and
more powerful batteries for electric cars, and to help create novel drugs.

Reproduction and modification of this material in any form other than personal use is strictly prohibited without prior
written permission from Taibah Academy.
 Online Diploma in Islamic Studies - Information Technology
Module - 8
Emerging technologies

Fig. Google’s Quantum Computer

Reproduction and modification of this material in any form other than personal use is strictly prohibited without prior
written permission from Taibah Academy.