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    Electrochemistry

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    nan0501140

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    Electrochemistry

    Uploaded by

    nan0501140
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    6 views20 pages

    Electrochemistry

    Uploaded by

    nan0501140

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Electrochemistry

    The study of the exchange of chemical


    and electrical energy.

    Oxidation-Reduction reactions take


    place in electrochemical cells.

    Each electrochemical cell consists of


    two solid conductors called electrodes.
    Two types of electrochemical
    cells:

    Voltaic Cell

    Electrolytic Cell
    Voltaic Cell

    Reactions are spontaneous (Table J)


    Redox reactions produce electrical
    energy

    Lets look at an example:

    Cu+2 (aq) + Zn (s) -------> Cu (s) + Zn+2 (aq)


    Each Voltaic cell is composed of
    two half cells.

    Zinc electrode Copper electrode


    The anode, is the electrode
    where the oxidation of zinc
    occurs:

    Zn (s) ----------> Zn+2 (aq) + 2e-

    As zinc is oxidized, the zinc


    electrode will slowly dissolve
    to produce zinc ions, which
    enter into the solution.

    Anode
    (negative)
    The cathode is the electrode
    where the reduction of
    copper occurs:

    Cu+2 (aq) + 2e- -------> Cu (s)

    As copper is reduced,
    copper atoms accumulate
    on the surface of the solid
    copper electrode.

    Cathode
    (positive)
    Looking at the two cells, can a redox
    reaction take place?

    The reaction will not occur.


    There is no way for the electrons lost by
    Zinc to get over to the Copper ions and
    reduce them to Copper metal.
    What if we provide a path for the electrons
    released by the oxidation of the zinc to get
    over to the copper?

    Now that the electrons have a path to the


    Cu/Cu2+ side it would
    Why?appear that the
    reaction can proceed,
    but it does not.
    As the redox reaction proceeds:

    There is a build up of Zn2+ ions in the solution


    where the Zinc is being oxidized

    At the same time, Cu2+ ions are removed from


    We where
    solution need the
    a way to ion
    Copper neutralize the
    is being reduced
    charge build-up in the solutions
    As a result, there is a build up of a positive charge
    due
    in the zinc to the
    solution, andchange in charge
    a negative ion in the
    copper solution.concentration
    These charges do not allow
    electrons to flow.

    The positive charge in the zinc solution makes it


    harder for the negative electrons to leave and the
    negative charge in the copper solution repels the
    electrons that are trying to come over from the
    zinc side
    What if we had a tube filled with aqueous
    solution that connected the two redox
    reactions?
    Electron flow

    This tube
    contains
    an
    electrolyte
    and is
    called a
    salt bridge.
    The salt bridge allows the electrons to flow,
    keeping the overall concentration of ions in
    balance between the two sides.

    By connecting the salt bridge we have


    movement of both types of ions:

    anions are going into the oxidation


    side and
    cations are going into the reduction
    side
    Standard Cell potential

    Electrical energy produced by a redox


    reaction is measured as voltage
    Some standard electrode potentials are listed
    below.
    Electrode Process Eo/V
    Li+(aq) + e-  Li(s) -3.03
    K+(aq) + e-  K(s) -2.92
    Zn2+(aq) + 2e-  Zn(s) -0.76
    Cu2+(aq) + 2e-  Cu(s) +0.34
    Standard Cell Potential for Zn and Cu
    is 1.1 volts
    Electrolytic Cell

    Reactions are non spontaneous

    Redox reactions require electrical


    energy to occur
    Anions are attracted towards the
    anode where they undergo oxidation.
    Electrons flow from the anode
    to the cathode where cations
    undergo reduction.
    Voltaic Cell vs Electrolytic Cell
    Use of Electrochemical Cell

     A common dry
    cell battery.
    Use of Electrolytic Cell

     Electroplating

     Electrolysis of water

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