Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431

FEATURES
TO-92 PKG
 Programmable Output Voltage to 40V
 Guaranteed 0.5% Reference Voltage Tolerance (Straight) (Bent)

 Low (0.2Ω Typ.) Dynamic Output Impedance

 Cathode Current Range (Continuous) – 100 ~ 150 mA T
O
 Equivalent Full Range Temperature Coefficient of P
50PPM/°C
 Temperature Compensated For Operation Over Full
Rate Operating Temperature Range
SOT-23 PKG
 Low Output Noise Voltage
 Fast Turn-on Response 2
 Available in TO-92, SOT-89 and SOT-23-3L Packages
TOP
APPLICATIONS
 Shunt Regulator 1 3

 Precision High-Current Series Regulator

 High-Current Shunt Regulator SOT-89 PKG
 Crowbar Circuit
 PWM Converter With Reference
TOP
 Voltage Monitor
 Precision Current Limiter
1 2 3
DESCRIPTION
The TL431 is a three-terminal adjustable shunt Pin 1. REFERENCE 2. ANODE 3. CATHODE
regulator with specified thermal stability over applicable
ORDERING INFORMATION
temperature VREF (2.495V) and 40V with two external
resistors. This device has a typical dynamic output Device Package

impedance of 0.2Ω. Active output circuitry provides a TL431x TO-92 (Bulk, Straight)

very sharp turn-on characteristic, making this device TL431xTA TO-92 (Tape, Bent)

excellent replacement for Zener diodes in many TL431xSF SOT-23-3L

applications. The TL431 is characterized for operation TL431xF SOT-89-3L

from -40°C to +125°C. * Refer to the ordering information for the details.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

(Full operating ambient temperature range applies unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN. MAX. UNIT

Cathode Voltage VKA - 42 V

Cathode Current Range IKA -100 150 mA
Reference Input Current Range IREF -0.05 10 mA
Junction Temperature Range TJ -40 150 °C
Storage Temperature Range TSTG -65 150 °C

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN. MAX. UNIT

Cathode Voltage VKA VREF 40 V

Cathode Current IKA 0.5 100 mA

Operating Temperature Range TOPR -40 125 °C

ORDERING INFORMATION

VREF Package Tolerance Order No. Marking Supplied As

TL431C TL431-C Bulk (Straight Lead)

0.5%
TL431CTA TL431-C Tape & Ammo Pack

TL431A TL431-A Bulk (Straight Lead)

TO-92 1%
TL431ATA TL431-A Tape & Ammo Pack

TL431 TL431 Bulk (Straight Lead)

2%
TL431TA TL431 Tape & Ammo Pack
2.495V
0.5% TL431CSF 431 Tape & Reel

SOT-23 1% TL431ASF 431 Tape & Reel

2% TL431SF 431 Tape & Reel

0.5% TL431CF 431 Tape & Reel

SOT-89 1% TL431AF 431 Tape & Reel

2% TL431F 431 Tape & Reel

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431
PIN CONFIGURATION

Marking 2
Side

TOP TOP

1 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
TO-92 PKG SOT-23 PKG SOT-89 PKG

PIN DESCRIPTION

TO-92 / SOT-23 / SOT-89

Pin No.
Pin Name Pin Description

1 REFERENCE Reference Voltage

2 ANODE Ground

3 CATHODE Input Supply Voltage

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA=25°C, unless otherwise specified)

PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT

TL431C 2.483 2.495 2.507

VKA =VREF,
Reference Input Voltage VREF TL431A 2.470 2.495 2.520 V
IK =10mA
TL431 2.440 2.495 2.550

Deviation of VKA = VREF, IK =10mA

ΔVREF/ΔT 15 30 mV
Reference Input Voltage (Note 1) TA =Full Range

Ratio of Change in Reference ΔVKA=10V to VREF -1.4 -2.7

Input Voltage to the Change in ΔVREF/ΔVKA IK =10mA mV/V
Cathode Voltage ΔVKA=36V to 10V -1.0 -2.0

Reference Input Current IREF IKA=10mA, R1=10kΩ, R2=∞ 1.8 4.0 µA

Deviation of Reference Input IK =10mA, R1=10kΩ, R2=∞

ΔIREF/ΔT 0.4 1.2 µA
Current (Note 1) TA =Full Range

Minimum Cathode Current

IK(MIN) VKA= VREF 0.5 mA
for Regulation

Off-State Cathode Current IK(OFF) VKA=36V, VREF=0 0.17 0.90 µA

VKA= VREF, IK =1mA~100mA

Dynamic Impedance (Note 2) ZKA 0.27 0.50 Ω
f ≤ 1kHz

(Note 1) The deviation parameters ΔVREF/ΔTA and ΔIREF/ΔTA are defined as the differences between the maximum and
minimum values obtained over the recommended temperature range. The average full-range temperature
coefficient of the reference voltage, αVREF, is defined as:

VI(dev)
×106
VREF at 25°C
|αVREF | (ppm/°C)=
∆TA

Where:
ΔTA is the recommended operating free-air temperature
range of the device.
αVREF can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum VREF or maximum VREF, respectively, occurs at
the lower temperature.

Example : Maximum VREF=2496mV at 30°C, maximum VREF=2492mV at 0°C, VREF=2495mV at 25°C, ΔTA=70°C for
TL431C.

4mv
×106
2495mV
|αVREF | = ≈ 23ppm/°C
70°C

Because minimum VREF occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive.

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431

(Note 2) The dynamic impedance is defined as: ΔVKA

Z KA =
ΔIKA
When the device is operating with two external resistors, the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by:

ΔV
Z' = ≈ ZKA (1 + R1/ R 2)
ΔI

TEST CIRCUITS

< Fig 1. Test circuit for VKA = VREF >

Fig 2. Test circuit for VKA ≥ VREF >

< Fig 3. Test circuit for IKA(OFF) >

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

Reference Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature Pulse Response

Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage

Small Signal Voltage Amplification vs. Frequency

AV-Small Signal Voltage Amplification

60
IKA = 10mA Output
50
TA = 25°C IKA
40 15kΩ 232Ω

10µF
(dB)

30

20
8.25kΩ
10

0
1k 10k 100k 1000k 10000k
Frequency, f [Hz] < Fig 4. TEST Circuit for Voltage Amplification >

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431
APPLICATION INFORMATION

1. Shunt Regulator

Note: R Should provide cathode current 1mA to the TL431 at minimum VI(BATT)

2. Precision High-Current Series Regulator

Note: R Should provide cathode current≥1mA to the TL431 at minimum VI(BATT)

3. Output Control of a Three-Terminal Fixed Regulator

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431

4. High-Current Shunt Regulator

5. Precision 5-V 1.5A Regulator

6. Efficient 5-V Precision Regulator

NOTE: RB Should provide cathode current≥1mA to the TL431.

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431

7. PWM Converter With Reference

8. Voltage Monitor

NOTE: R3 and R4 are selected to provide the desired LED intensity and cathode current ≥1mA to the TL431 at the available VI(BATT).

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431

9. Delay Timer

10. Precision Current Limiter

11. Precision Constant-Current Sink

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Programmable Precision Shunt Regulator TL431
REVISION NOTICE

The description in this data sheet is subject to change without any notice to describe its electrical characteristics
properly.

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