Art App Module

Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite
College of Arts and Sciences

Department of Social Sciences
A.Y. 2020-2021
Module/ Workbook on
Art Appreciation
(HUMN02G)
Prepared by:
Jannet C.Broas, MA Ed.Bio, LPT

Annalou A.Gutierrez, MA, LPT
Faculty
Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 1

Course Overview
I. Course Introduction
a. Course Orientation
b. Introductions
c. LPU Mission and Vision Statement
d. University policy on student decorum
e. Overview of the course
f. Online Course Policies
g. Course Requirements and Grading System
II. What is Art: Introduction and Assumptions

a. Why study humanities?
b. Assumptions of Art
III. Art Appreciation: Creativity, Imagination and the Expression

a. Art Appreciation as a Way of Life
b. The Role of Creativity in Art Making
c. Art as a Product of Imagination, Imagination as a Product of Art
d. Art as Expression
IV. Functions of Art:

a. Personal function
b. Social function
c. Physical function
V. Philosophical Perspectives on Art

a. Art as an Imitation
b. Art as a Representation
c. Art as a Disinterested Judgment

d. Art as a Communication of Emotion
VI. Subject and Content

a. Types of subject
b. Representational and Non- representational art and Abstract Art
c. Sources and kinds of Subject Content in Art
VII. Artists and Artisans

a. The Artisan and the Guilds
b. The Artist and His Studio
c. Other players in the World of Art Production process
d. Medium and technique approach (in visual arts, auditory and combined arts)
e. Engagement with Art
f. Awards and Citation
g. GAMABA National Artists
VIII. Elements and Principles of Art

a. Visual
b. Auditory
c. Combined or Hybrid Arts/Performance Art
IX. Principles of design

a. Unity and harmony
b. Rhythm, variation
c. Balance and proportion
d. Emphasis and subordination (focal-point), the rule of thirds
X. Art history
a. Art in Early Civilizations
b. Art of Emerging Europe
c. Caught in Between Modern and Contemporary Art

XI. Music Appreciation
a. Review of Elements of Music
b. Compilation of Filipino Folk music
c. Famous Kundiman Singers
d. Different Kinds of Music like Jazz, Blues, Pop Music, Modern music (Atonal,
Aleatoric, Impressionistic, Metallic Music)
XI. Dance
a. Review of Elements of Dance
b. Compilation of Philippine Folk Dance
c. Philippine National Artists
d. Modern Dance
e. Popular Dance
XII. Drama
a. Review of Elements of Drama
b. Greek Drama
c. Roman Drama
d. Modern Drama
e. Philippine Theatre
f. Philippine Cinema

Course Introduction
Vision
An internationally accredited University dedicated to innovation and excellence in the
service of God and Country
Mission
Lyceum of the Philippines University, espousing the ideals of Jose P. Laurel, is committed to
the following missions:
1. Advance and preserve knowledge by undertaking research and disseminating and utilizing
the results. – RESEARCH
2. Provide equitable access to learning through relevant, innovative, industry-based and
environment-conscious programs and services in the context of nationalism and
internationalism. – INSTRUCTION and QUALITY SERVICES
3. Provide necessary knowledge and skills to meet entrepreneurial development and the
managerial requirements of the industry. – INSTRUCTION
4. Establish local and international linkages that will be the source of learning and growth of
the members of academic community. – INSTRUCTION AND INSTITUTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
5. Support a sustainable community extension program and be a catalyst for social
transformation and custodian of Filipino culture and heritage. – COMMUNITY
EXTENSION
6. Build a community of God-centered, nationalistic, environment conscious, and globally
competitive professionals with wholesome values and attitudes. – PROFESSIONALISM
and VALUES
LPU Core Values

L - Love of God J - Justice
P - Professional Integrity N - Nationalism P - Perseverance
U - Unity L – Leadership

College Vision
The College of Arts and Sciences envisions itself as an accredited Center of Excellence in
the Arts and Sciences. Prospering in a quiet, peaceful and serene resort campus, faculty and
students engage in free and lively interaction to develop creative minds and critical thinking. The
CAS sees itself as a leading institution of higher learning nationally and internationally recognized
for excellence.
College Mission
The College of Arts and Sciences is committed to the following mission:
1. Provide interactive learning experience through Outcomes-Based Education.
2. Provide appropriate knowledge and skills to meet industry requirements.
3. Provide entrepreneurial skills for advancement of self-reliance and sustainability.
4. Provide employable graduates who can compete globally in the field of arts and
sciences and research
Course Description
Art Appreciation is a three-unit course that develops students’ ability to appreciate,
analyze, and critique works of art. Through interdisciplinary and multimodal approaches, this
course equips students with a broad knowledge of the practical, historical, and social relevance of
the arts in order to hone students’ ability to articulate their understanding of the arts. The course
also develops students’ competency in researching and curating art as well as conceptualizing,
mounting and evaluating art productions. The course aims to develop students’ genuine
appreciation for Philippine arts by providing them opportunities to explore the diversity and
richness and their rootedness in Filipino culture.
Distance teaching will be used by providing relevant materials, including the pre-recorded
lectures, handouts, book chapters, journals, that are essential to the course. Further, discussion
forums and quizzes will be utilized to evaluate the participants formatively and summatively.

Online Course Policies
1. Open deadline is implemented for the submission of requirements for the course.
2. The students will be given a score of INC in a requirement which is not submitted or
submitted after the encoding period.
3. Completion of incomplete grades for the First Semester AY 2020-2021 that will expire
shall be extended by one (1) semester from its original due date.
4. Students must be honest at all times; cheating and plagiarism in any form is highly
discouraged.
5. Any concerns (teaching, grades, etc.) against the teacher or against classmates (relative to
the class) should be properly addressed to the subject-teacher for appropriate action.
Students may seek the help and guidance of their academic adviser in resolving the issue
with the subject–teacher.
6. Internet etiquette must be observed at all times.

Course Requirements
1. Major Examination/Output (Prelim, Midterm, Final Exam)
2. Creative Academic Performance (CAP)
a. Quizzes, Exercises, Activities
b. Assignments
c. Projects
d. Online Workshop/ Exhibit with a Partner Museum
e. Culminating Activity
Grading System
Prelim Exam (PE) 40%
Prelim Period Grade (G1) Creative Academic Performance (CAP) 60% 100%
1
Midterm Exam (ME) 40%
Midterm Period Grade
Creative Academic Performance (CAP) 60% 100%
(G2)
2
Final Exam (FE) 40%
Final Period Grade (G3) Creative Academic Performance (CAP) 60% 100%
3
Final Grade (FG) = G1 + G2 + G3
3

Activity 1: Creative Self-introduction
For Wired students:

1. Introduce yourself through TikTok. Your video should be at most 1 minute long and must
include the following:
b. Name, age, city/province
c. Interests and hobbies
d. Reasons for taking BA Comm
e. Envisioned-self as a future graduate of the program
f. Most utilized communication media
2. Students must upload and send their video via myLPU LMS, FB group or email.
3. Students with no TikTok account may simply record a video.
For Non-wired students:
1. On a short bond paper, make a creative output of your self-introduction using the
abovementioned content guidelines. Output can be hand-made or digital.
2. Video introduction can also be done but should be submitted through USB flash drive.
Activity 2: Setting One’s Expectations
For Wired students:

1. On the Forums page, write your expectations to the following:
a. Subject
b. Classmates
c. Professor
Print your expectations on a short bond paper

What is Art: Introduction and Assumptions
At the end of this lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. Explain the role of humanities and arts in man’s attempt in realizing his
fullness/Completeness
2. Characterize the assumptions of the arts.
Pre-Assessment/ Guide Questions
Note: In an open forum (online), answer the following :

1. Why do people have difficulty in coming up with a single definition of art?
2. “Art is subjective. It depends on how one perceives the art work.” To what extent do you
agree with this statement?
3. How can we see art in our everyday lives?
4. If you were an artist, what kind of artist would you be? Are there specific themes or
messages that you would want your art to contain?
Lesson Proper
What Is Art?
The word “art” comes from the ancient Latin ars which means a “craft or specialized form of skill,
like carpentry or smithying or surgery” (Collingwood, 1938).
Art then suggested the capacity to produce an intended result from carefully planned steps or
method.
Arts in Medieval Latin came to mean something different. It meant “any special form of book-
learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology” (Collingwood, 1938).
The fine arts would come to mean “not delicate or highly skilled arts, but ‘beautiful’ arts”
(Collingwood, 1938). This is something more akin to what is now considered art.

Assumptions of Art:
1. Art is Universal – Art has always been timeless and universal, spanning generations and
continents through and through.
2. Art is not nature – Art is man’s expression of his reception of nature. Art is man’s way of
interpreting nature.
3. Art involves experience – Unlike fields of knowledge that involve data, art is known by
experiencing. A work of art then cannot be abstracted from actual doing. In order to know
what an artwork is, we have to sense it, see or hear it, and see AND hear it.
Summary
• Humanities and the art have always been part of man’s growth and civilization.
• Since the dawn of time, man has always tried to express his innermost thoughts and
feelings about reality through creating art.
• Three assumptions on art are its universality, its not being nature, and its need for
experience.
• Without experience, there is no art. The artist has to be foremost, a perceiver who is directly
in touch with art.
References
Caslib, B. et al (2018). Art appreciation. Manila: Rex Book Store / Online
Activity
For Wired students:

Please refer to activity sheet


Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
Yr.& Section _________________________ Teacher ___________________ Date __________
Lesson 1 Activity
Answers the following:
1. If you were an artist, what kind of artist would you be?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is art not nature?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is art ageless and timeless?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Why does art involve experience?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2 - Art Appreciation: Creativity, Imagination,
and Expression
1. Differentiate art from nature
2. Characterize artistic expression based on personal experiences with art
3. Discuss the nature of art’s preliminary expression
4. Categorize works of art by citing personal experiences
5. Distinguish between directly functional and indirectly functional art
6. Explain the basic philosophical perspectives on the art
7. Apply concepts and theories on beauty and aesthetics in real life scenarios
8. Differentiate representational and non-representational art
9. Discuss an artwork’s subject and content
10. Classify artworks according to subject
11. Characterize sources of subjects of the most recognizable works of art in Philippine
history and kinds of art
Note: The following is an outline summary of the topic. Please refer to the textbook for a more
detailed discussion of the topic. (For Open Forum)
1. In the present context, why is being creative becoming more of a challenge?
2. In what ways can imagination produce art? In what ways can art inspire imagination?
3. If given a chance, what art field are you going to explore? Why?
4. How can you utilize the arts to express yourself, your community, and your relation to
others?

Lesson Proper
Art Appreciation as a Way of Life:

• Art as a creative work that depicts the world in a completely different light and perspective,
and the source is due to human freedom (Jean Paul Sartre as cited in Greene, 1995)
• Hence, refining one’s ability to appreciate art allows him to deeply understand the purpose
of an artwork and recognize the beauty it possesses (Collins & Riley, 1931).
The Role of Creativity in Art Making:
• In art, creativity is what sets apart one artwork from another.
• An artist embraces originality, puts his own flavor into his work, and calls it his own
creative piece.
Art as a Product of Imagination, Imagination as a Product of Art:
• Imagination is not constrained by the walls of the norm, but goes beyond that.
• An artwork does not need to be a real thing, but can be something that is imaginary
(Collingwood, 1938).
• Artists use their imagination that gives birth to reality through creation.
• In the same way that imagination produces art, art also inspires imagination.
Art as Expression:
• Robin George Collingwood, an English philosopher who is best known for his work in
aesthetics, explicated in his publication The Principles of Art (1938) that what an artist
does to an emotion is not to induce it, but express it.
• Some forms of art expression include visual arts, lm, performance art, poetry performance,
architecture, dance, literary arts, theater arts, and applied arts.
Functions of Art:
• Roughly and broadly, the functions of art are classified into three: personal (public display
or expression), social (celebration or to affect collective behavior), and physical
(utilitarian).
Does Art Always Have to Be Functional?
• The value of a work of art does not depend on function but on the work itself.
• Despite these, efficiency cannot be mistaken as beauty. While it certainly determines
beauty in some works of art, an efficient functional object is not necessarily beautiful.

Philosophical Perspectives on Art:
1. Art as an Imitation.
- For Plato, when one ascribes beauty to another person, he refers to an imperfect beauty that
participates only in the form of beauty in the World of Forms.
2. Art as a Representation
- Aristotle considered art as an aid to philosophy in revealing truth. It allows for the
experience of pleasure. art also has an ability to be instructive and teach its audience things
III. Art as a Disinterested Judgment
- Kant considered the judgment of beauty, the cornerstone of art, as something that can be
universal despite its subjectivity. Kant mentioned that judgment of beauty, and therefore,
art, is innately autonomous from specific interests.
IV. Art as a Communication of Emotion
- According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a huge role in communication to its audience’s
emotions that the artist previously experienced about life; thus, it is cognitive as well .
The primary stage of engaging with art is its perception.
Subjectivity is illustrated in the way that selective perception renders one or two details more
prominent than others, prompting the viewer to focus on some details as essential or as standouts.
In the arts, there are also observable qualities that the artwork holds that will point to its subject,
and sometimes even to its content.
Types of Subject:
• Representational art – have subjects that refer to objects or events occurring in the real
world.
• Non-representational art – does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a
person, place, thing, or even a particular event. It is stripped down to visual elements such
as shapes, lines, and colors that are employed to translate a particular feeling, emotion, and
even concept.

Sources and Kinds of Subject:
• Often, even a singular source of inspiration can yield multiple translations.
Content in Art:
• To recognize and grasp the message of the artwork, the viewer may sometimes need to go
beyond what is visible.
• There are various levels of meaning – factual, conventional, and the possibility of a variety
of meanings.
Ways of presenting the Subject

1. Realism – the manner or presenting the subject depends to a large extent on the interest,
imagination, creativity, and purpose of the artist.
2. Abstraction – is a technique of simplifying and reorganizing objects and elements
according to the artist’s creative expressions.
3. Distortion – is a technique employed by the artist to dramatize the shape of a figure to
create an emotional effect.
Abstraction
Distortion
Realism

Sources of Art Subjects :
1. Landscapes – observing the beauty of physical environment.
2. Still-life – to illustrate their beauty when touched by the painters. Animals – the vigor and
grace of animals in motion have captured painters’ imagination and sculptors’ imagination,
too.
3. Legends and Life of the Saints – many stories about them have been told w/c have found
their way into the arts.
4. Church Rituals & Religious Activities – have great influence on language and speech
patterns.
Stilllife painting by Tetyana

Landscape painting by Marlise le Roux Vysochynska
Legends and Life of the Saints Church Rituals & Religious

Activities Activities

Content is the meaning of a work of art. The content of a work of art not only refers its subject
matter and its underlining meanings or themes
Content in Art:
• To recognize and grasp the message of the artwork, the viewer may sometimes need to go
beyond what is visible.
• There are various levels of meaning – factual, conventional, and the possibility of a variety
of meanings.
Summary
• Art is a product of a man’s creativity, imagination, and expression. Refining one’s ability
to appreciate art allows him to deeply understand the purpose of an artwork and recognize
the beauty it possesses.
• Creativity is what sets apart one artwork from another. A creative artist does not simply
copy or imitate another artist’s work.
• While through imagination, an artist is able to craft something bold, something new, and
something better in the hopes of creating something that will stimulate change
• Through expression, an artist is able to explore his own emotions while at the same time,
create something beautiful out of it.
• Art has remained relevant in our daily lives because most of it has played some form of
function for man.
• The different functions of art may be classified as either personal, social, or physical.
• Art may serve either as imitation, representation, a disinterested judgment, or simply a
communication of emotion.
References
Caslib, B. et al (2018). Art appreciation. Manila: Rex Book Store./ Online

Activity
For Wired students:

A. Activity Description/ Questions
B. Online Workshop
Students will make a canvas painting showing any type and sources of subject in a
12x14” size Canvas Board. Student will post a time lapse video while doing their paintings
and the photo of their final output/painting in the lpumrooms.

A. Activity Description/ Questions
B. Online Workshop
Students will make a canvas painting showing any type and sources of subject in a
12x14” size Canvas Board. Student will post a time lapse video while doing their paintings
and the photo of their final output/painting in the lpumrooms.

Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
Lesson 2 Activity #1
Answer the following briefly
1. If given a chance, what art field are you going to explore? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How can you utilize the arts to express yourself, your community, and your relation to
others?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the hurdles of accessing art in terms of its subject and content?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. Where do artists source their subjects?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. Name two examples of the Filipino artists’ artwork and speculate on the content of the
artwork based on its factual, conventional, and subjective meanings.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 3
1. Outline the history of the emergence of artists and artisans
2. Differentiate between artists’ and artisan’s
3. Approach and technique toward a particular medium.
4. Discuss the function of state sponsorship in the field of arts and culture through the
National Artists Award and the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA)
5. Recognize the different individuals and groups who take on varied roles in the world of
art and culture
6. Classify the practices of artists in terms of form, medium and technique
detailed discussion of the topic.
1. What makes the art world a complex system?
2. Why does the process of creating an artwork have an anarchic dimension to it?
Lesson Proper
Early on, artists were embedded in the development of culture, and in turn, art was nurtured
by the varying cultures in which it existed.
The Artisan and the Guilds:
* The practice of artists was not grounded on the idea of individual capacities or success; rather,
in the commitment to work together as a collective. Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an
association structured with rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities. With a lifetime commitment
to a particular trade, an artisan develops immense skill and expertise in his craft.
The Artist and His Studio:

• The site that saw the shift from a craftsman to an independent artist was a very personal
space for the artist himself, which is the studio.

Other Players in the World of Art:
• In the last century, some of the roles that have been existent since the beginning of art
history have been properly dealt with—ascribed with a name—and legitimized into a
sophisticated network of relationships and exchanges. This network is what we call the art
world.
• What must be recognized is that, as Becker contended, there are numerous people who
either work in consent or dissension, and in doing so, continuously (re)-define, (in)validate,
maintain (or abolish), reproduce, and circulate the “cultural category of art, and to produce
the consent of the entire society in the legitimacy of the art world’s authority to do so”
(Irvine, 2013).
Production Process:
• The process of creating an artwork does not necessarily follow a linear progression.
• The process is essentially tripartite: (1) preproduction, (2) production, and (3)
postproduction.
Medium and Technique:
• Medium is the mode of expression in which the concept, idea, or message is conveyed.
• The technique of the artwork shows the level of familiarity with the medium being
manipulated.
Engagement with Art:
• The defining roles and nature of exhibitions have had an interesting evolution, changing
alongside the demands of the society that purports to partake in its display.
• The art exhibition, by its nature, holds a mirror up to society, reflecting its interests and
concerns while at the same time challenging its ideologies and preconceptions.
Awards and Citations:
*After an artist has spent considerable time in honing his skills, establishing the relevance of the
body of his works, and even gaining respect from his colleagues in the art world, he may be
considered or nominated for awards and citations.

Summary
The evolution of the artist throughout history is one of the most interesting progressions in
the affairs of man.
References
Activity
For Wired students:

1. Answering Guide Questions
a) How relevant still are the awards National Artists and GAMABA, not only to the
art world, but also to the Filipino society as a whole?
b) What do you think is the role of the artist in the 21st century society?
2. Audio/Video Recording: Any audio/video uploaded or online to which students are

required to listen or watch. Timing is based on the length of the recording.
3. Online Workshop – Make a profiling of at least 20 Filipino artists including the GAMABA
National artists with their background, expertise, awards and 3 examples of their work of
art (pictures with description)

1. Answering Guide Questions
a) How relevant still are the awards National Artists and GAMABA, not only to the
art world, but also to the Filipino society as a whole?
b) What do you think is the role of the artist in the 21st century society?

2. Audio/Video Recording: Any audio/video uploaded or online to which students are
required to listen or watch. Timing is based on the length of the recording.
3. Online Workshop – Make a profiling of at least 20 Filipino artists including the GAMABA
National artists with their background, expertise, awards and 3 examples of their work of
art (pictures with description)

Lesson 4 – Elements and Principle of Arts
1. Enumerate the different elements of visual and auditory art;
2. Differentiate the principles of art
3. Analyze the various elements present in visual, auditory, and combined arts Illustrate
examples of hybrid art
4. Determine dominant elements used in hybrid or modified art expressions
5. Identify the principle of design
6. Define and translate principles of design in an artwork
7. Create an artwork depicting the various principles of design
Note: Open forum.

1. In two-dimension artworks such as paintings, cite the elements and principles of art that
when utilized in the composition of the artwork, will help simulate or suggest the three-
dimensional space.
2. How can hybrid artworks expand imagination?
3. To what extent does the knowledge of the principles of art relevant to the knowledge of the
elements of art?
4. What is the relevance of combined arts and hybrid art in the 21st century?

Lesson Proper
Elements of Arts
“Elements of Arts are the components or part which can be isolated & defined in any visual
design or work of art. They structure and carry the work.”
Following are the seven basic elements of arts which are common throughout the field of
designing.
1. Point / Mark
o A point or mark is the smallest and most basic element . It can vary in size, value,
regularity or irregularity, and can be used alone as a unit in a group.
o Marks can be used to form a value or pattern ( placed close together forms a darker
value, further apart forms a lighter value), or to delineate space ( larger means
closer,etc.)
2. Line
o A line is a form with width and length, but no depth.
o Artist use lines to create edges, the outlines of objects. The direction of a line can
convey mood.
o Broadly lines can be categorized into three types
1. Horizontal lines - are calm and quiet. It indicate width, rest, response,
quietness, calmness, serenity, infinity, contemplation and inaction.
2. Vertical lines - suggest more of a potential for movement. It shows height
or stature, poise, balance, force, strength, dignity and dynamism
3. Diagonal strongly suggest movements and give more of a feeling of vitality
to a picture.
4. Broken or jagged lines – it connotes chaos, confusion, tension, disturbance,
violence or war
5. Curved lines – whether concave or convex, it indicate movements that are
smooth

3. Shape
o Shape is defined as an area that stands out from the space next to or around it due
to a defined or implied boundary, or because of differences of value, color, or
texture.
o A shape is formed when a line encloses an area.
o Shapes have two dimensions, length and width and can be geometric or free-form.
4. Forms
o Forms describes volumes and mass, or the 3D aspects of objects that take up space.
o Forms can and should be viewed from any angles.
o For example: When you hold a baseball, or a small sculpture, you are aware of their
curves, angles, indentations, & edges i.e. their forms.

5. Space
o Space is a 3D volume that can be empty or filled with objects. It has width, height,
and depth.
o Space that appears three- dimensional in a 2D painting is an illusion that creates a
feeling of actual depth.
o Several techniques can be used to show such visual depth or space, for example,
overlapping, linear perspective, etc..
6. Color
o Color has three properties. The first is hue, which is the name of the colors.
- the primary hue are Yellow, Red, and Blue.
- secondary colors are made by mixing two primaries.
- intermediate colors are mixtures of a primary & adjacent secondary color.
o The second property is Value, which refers to the lightness or darkness of hue.
o The third property is Intensity, which refers to the purity of the hue also known as
“Chroma”.
Color wheel Value scale

Color (Hue) - gives meaning, value, intensity and saturation to an object. It has series
of wave lengths which strikes our retina.
Example of Color and its meaning

Color Meaning
Black - Death, despair, gloom, sorrow,
Blue - Infinity, Freedom, Calmness,
Brown - Humility
Green - Nature, Freshness, Prosperity, Hope, Money
Orange - Sweetness, Cheerfulness,
Pink - Feminity, love,
Red - Bravery, Energy, Passion, War, Warm
Violet - Royalty, Dull
White - Purity, Clarity, Simplicity, Virginity, Peace
Yellow - Joyful, Life, Vibrant, Sunshine, Happiness
7. Texture
o It is the element of the visual arts associated with the sense of touch.
o Texture refers to the surface quality, both simulated and actual, of artwork.

Principles of design
“The Principles of Arts are the artistic guidelines used to organize or arrange the structural
elements of art.”
Following are the six basic principles of effective design/art which are common throughout
the field of designing (i.e. from print design to lithography, typography, & industrial design).
1. Balance
Balance refers to the appropriate arrangement of objects in a design/art to create the
impression of equality in weight or importance. Balance provides stability and structure to
a design. Balance may be symmetrical and asymmetrical, but the goal should be to achieve
equilibrium.
1) Symmetrical Balance can be described as having equal “weight” on equal sides of
a centrally placed fulcrum. It is also known as formal balance.
2) Asymmetrical Balance is more complex and difficult top picture. It involves
placement of objects in a way that will allow objects of varying visual weight to
balance one another around a fulcrum point. It is also known as informal balance.
Balance is formal when both sides are Balance is informal when sides are not
symmetrical in terms of arrangement. exactly symmetrical, but the resulting image is still
balanced.
2. Contrast
Contrast refers to the combination of different elements of design (for example:
rough & smooth textures, dark & light values)in order to highlight their differences or
create visual interest , or a focal point.

Contrast allows us to emphasize or highlight key elements in your design.
3. Emphasis
o The term emphasis literally means to give importance.
o Emphasis in designing refers to give special attention to one part of a work of art.
o It can be achieved through placement, contrast, colour, size, repetition, etc.
For example: A dark shape in a light composition
4. Pattern
o Pattern in a design simply refers to keeping your design in a certain format.
o It is often described as a regular arrangement of alternated or repeated elements
(shapes, lines, colors) or motifs.
For example: One could plan to have curved lines all around a design as a pattern.

5. Rhythm/Movement
o Rhythm or movement is regarded as a visual temp or beat. It refers to a regular
repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of a movement.
o Rhythm can be achieved through the careful placement of repeated components. It
can be directed for example, along edges & by means of shape and color.
o Rhythm can be categorized Random, Regular, Alternating, Progressive, and
Flowing.
6. Unity
o Unity refers to the arrangement of elements to give the viewer the feeling that all
the parts of the design or piece form a coherent whole i.e. designs must be in
harmony in which all sections of the pattern make other sections feel complete.
o It enables the design to be seen as one complete piece of art or design.

Summary
The elements and principles of art are essential to any artwork. Some of them will be more
obvious than others, becoming the anchors in which the viewer may latch on to engage with the
artwork.
References

Menoy,Jesus Z. Introduction to Humanities: A Holistic Approach
Activity
For Wired/ Non-wired students:

See activity sheets

Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
Answer the following:
1. What line can be used as a decorative element to emphasize ambition, aspiration, determinations
and strength?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the distinctive quality of work which relates the other and which distinguished one from
another?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the function of linear perspective?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Explain the nature of light
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. How does color affect people?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. How can you apply the principle of arts in your life as a student?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
A. Make a composition using different kinds of lines in an oslo/sketch paper. You can use color
pencils, crayons or water colors.
B. Explain in 5 sentences the meaning of your composition and explain the significance of lines in
the composition.
Example:

Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
A. Make a composition using different elements and principle of arts in an oslo/sketch paper. You
can use color pencils, crayons, oil pastel, acrylic paint, or water colors.
B. Explain in 5 sentences the meaning of your composition and explain the significance of the
elements and principle of arts in the composition.
Example

Lesson 5 - Western Art History
1. Discuss how art was used by prehistoric people to depict everyday life;
2. Identify the central themes of prehistoric art;
3. Identify the major periods in Western art history;
4. Compare and contrast the artworks produced during the different time periods and art
movements; and
5. Discuss the importance of art to the development of Western culture.
6. Differentiate modern art and contemporary art;
7. Show the interrelation of prehistoric arts, Western arts, modern art and contemporary
art;
8. Create a replica of any Prehistoric arts, Western Arts, modern arts and contemporary arts
Note: The following is an outline summary of the topic.

1. What was the importance and significance of art during the prehistoric period?
2. How can the artworks from the past help people in present times understand the context
of those in the past?
3. In what ways can there be a merging of art and religion?
4. In what ways are Greek and Roman art works similar? Different?
5. How has art changed throughout history?
6. What do you think are the reasons why art has evolved and changed throughout time?
7. What do you think are the most important contributions of contemporary art as a period
and the numerous movements under it in the lives of men today?

Lesson Proper
A. Art in Early Civilizations

Stone Age is a term used to describe a period of history when stones were used to make
tools for survival.
The unearthing of archeological artifacts and remains provides modern society a glimpse of the
beliefs, practices, and activities of early civilizations.
Pre-Historic Art
o Archeological explorations reveal that there has been a gradual shift from a nomadic
lifestyle of early humans to that of permanent settlements, paving the way for the rise of
early civilizations.
o Paleolithic Art is a product of climate change.
o Artworks can be considered ornamental but there is little evidence to fully back up this
notion, that early humans created these cave paintings for that very purpose.
o Neolithic art has developed especially when life for the early humans has become more
stable.

Egyptian Art:
o The Egyptian civilization can be divided into three periods: Old, Middle, and New
Kingdoms. Looking at the three periods, it can be noticed that for the Egyptians, art should
be something religious and spiritual.
o During the Old Kingdom, it was evident that religion was bound to the afterlife.
o One of the key features of the Middle Kingdom is a shift in the political hierarchy. There
is an emergence of powerful groups of landlords that threatened the authority and rule of
the pharaoh. Because of the internal struggle between these two influential sides, art has
taken a back seat during the Middle Kingdom. In order for art to reemerge and flourish,
Egypt needed to have a more stable situation.
o The art of the New Kingdom had references from both of the preceding kingdoms.
Monuments and sculptures were still linked with death and reverence for the deceased.
o After the New Kingdom, Egypt witnessed the Amarna Revolution led by King Akhenaton
and Queen Nefertiti.

B. Art of Emerging Europe
Ancient Greece:
o The development of Greek art can be divided into four periods:
1. The Geometric Period was when geometric shapes and patterns have taken the
spotlight in most of the artworks.
2. The Archaic Period placed importance on human figures. This was primarily a
result of Greece’s trading activities with other civilizations.
3. The Geometric Period was when geometric shapes and patterns have taken the
spotlight in most of the artworks.
4. The Archaic Period placed importance on human figures. This was primarily a
result of Greece’s trading activities with other civilizations.

o The Geometric Period was when geometric shapes and patterns have taken the spotlight in
most of the artworks. The Archaic Period, on the other hand, placed importance on human
figures. This was primarily a result of Greece’s trading activities with other civilizations.
The peak of Greek sculpture and architecture was during the Classical Period. The time of
Alexander the Great was called the Hellenistic Period. During this time, art was primarily
focused on showcasing emotions and depicting reality.
Ancient Rome:
o The Romans were fond of the Greeks and their achievements in the arts. The fusion of
Greek and Roman cultures can be seen in most Roman artworks.
Middle Ages:
o Since the Church was the most important figure, the most important products of the
early Middle Ages would have to be copies of the Christian scriptures.
Ancient Rome Arts
Middle Ages Arts

Renaissance Art:
During the Renaissance Period, artists valued the “individual” as a subject of arts. The influence
of humanism shifted the focus of some artworks during the Renaissance Period to empower the
“individual.” Most artworks emphasized naturalism, which was also an influence of humanism
since there was a great emphasis on the proportionality of the human body.
Mannerism:
Mannerism was a period in art history, which was a product of the Renaissance Period. During the
Renaissance, artists would observe nature and try their best to emulate it based on their
observations

Baroque and Rococo:
The term “baroque” is derived from the Portuguese term barocco which is translated as “irregularly
shaped pearl.” This is a suitable description that Rome was the birthplace of the Baroque Period,
which according to some historians was a response to Protestantism.
Neoclassicism:
Neoclassicism was a movement in Europe that transpired during the late 18th and early 19th
centuries. It was the dominant art movement that time which basically aimed to revive and rekindle
the influences of Greek and Roman into art and architecture.

Romanticism:
Romanticism, as an art movement, used the central themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a
springboard. Romanticists have highlighted heroic elements into their work.
Realism:
Realism as a style of work focuses on the accuracy of details that depicts and somehow mirrors
reality.
Realism as a modern movement in art veered away from traditional forms of art.

Impressionism:
The Impressionism movement started in France, which led to a break from the tradition in
European painting. Impressionism is a style of painting that emerged in the mid- to late 1800s.
Impressionist artists incorporated scientific principles to achieve a more distinct representation of
color.
Post-Impressionism:
It is an art movement that emerged in France, which is a result of both the influence and rejection
of Impressionism.

Neo-Impressionism:
As an art movement, neo-impressionism is considered as a response to empirical realism of
impressionism. Most painters who subscribe to such movement rely on a systematic and scientific
techniques that have a predetermined visual effects not only on the artwork itself but also how the
audience perceive the art.
Art Nouveau:
Between 1890 and 1910, countries from Europe and the United States witnessed the emergence
and flourishing of a new art style. This ornamental style of art was a break from the conservative
historicism, which was the prevailing and dominant theme of most Western artworks.

Fauvism:
This is a style of painting that emerged in France around the turn of the 20th century. What makes
fauvists revolutionary is that they used pure and vibrant colors by applying straight from the paint
tubes directly to the canvas.
Cubism:
Between 1907 and 1914, French artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque introduced a new visual
arts style called cubism. This style would later on have a huge influence on artists during the 20th
century. Cubists highlighted the two- dimensional surface of the picture plane.

Futurism:
It is an early 20th century art movement that started in Italy, which highlighted the speed, energy,
dynamism, and power of machines. In addition, common themes for works in this movement are
restlessness and the fast-pace of modern life.
C. Caught in Between Modern and Contemporary Art

Defining Contemporary:
The complexity of defining the term is attributed to the fact that people have dissenting
views on the interpretation of the “present,” of “today,” or what the “now” means— these are often
ideas that follow the word contemporary. Even more so, is when it is hinged on the word “art” and
suddenly it becomes a bit fuzzy.
Another source of confusion is the fact that in the colloquial, “modern” and “contemporary” are
considered synonymous.
Modern art saw the digression of artists away from past conventions and traditions and toward
freedom. There is the famous adage of “anything goes.” With the world becoming increasingly
complex, it required an art that could accommodate such range and breadth.

Contemporary Art:
o Contemporary art was heavily driven by ideas and theories, and even the blurring of notions
of what is and can be considered as “art”.
o Reeling after the war, one of the early movements was abstract expressionism (early 1940s
to mid-1960s) which took the basic tenets of abstraction and combined with it with gestural
techniques, mark-making, and a rugged spontaneity in its visual articulation.
o Creating energy was at the center of "op art" or optical art (early 1960s onward), which
relied on creating an illusion to inform the experience of the artwork using color, pattern,
and other perspective tricks that artists had on their sleeves.
o The quest for actual movement in the works created were responded to by kinetic art (early
1950s onward). Harnessing the current and direction of the wind, components of the
artwork which was predominantly sculptural, most were mobiles and even motor-driven
machines, was an example of how art and technology can be brought together.
o Minimalism cropped up in the early 1960s in New York, and saw artists testing the
boundaries of various media. It was seen as an extreme type of abstraction that favored
geometric shapes, color fields, and the use of objects and materials that had an “industrial”
sparse.

o Pop art first emerged in the 1950s but found its footing in the 1960s. It drew inspiration,
sources, and even materials from commercial culture, making it one of the most identifiable
and relatable movements in art history.
o But perhaps the most pertinent movement that solidified the move to contemporary art was
postmodernism. By the very name, it was a nudge to formalize the critique toward
modernism and its claim over art for the better of the 20th century.
Photorealism:
o The resurgence of figurative art, where realistic depictions is a choice, is a proof how varied
and fragmented postmodernism is. In photorealism, a painstaking attention to detail is
aimed, without asserting an artist’s personal style.

Conceptualism:
o As opposed to celebrating commodities as references to real life, conceptualism fought
against the idea that art is a commodity.
Summary
During the prehistoric period, the early humans had transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle
to that of a more permanent one, which led to early civilizations.
Throughout history, Europe has seen tremendous changes in its political landscape and
social makeup, and witnessed transitions of different art movements on different timeframes.
The use of art as a medium of communication of different cultural elements originated from the
Greek and Roman civilizations.
The 21st century is steeped in promise and excitement. Although some of the movements
discussed may have waned or are no longer being practiced, new artists with their own creative
imagination and ways of producing art are changing the landscape once again.
References

Activity
For Wired students:

1. Make at least 3 replicas of your own choices of western art, contemporary arts or modern
arts using different techniques and mediums in an oslo paper. Each artwork will be placed
on letter size bond paper with the description of the artwork’s period, style, artist and
significance of the artwork.

1. Make at least 3 replicas of your own choices of western art, contemporary arts or modern
arts using different techniques and mediums in an oslo paper. Each artwork will be placed on
letter size bond paper with the description of the artwork’s period, style, artist and significance
of the artwork.

Lesson 6 – Music Appreciation
1. To appreciate Filipino Folk music
2. To find pleasure in listening to the compilation of Filipino Folk Music
3. To show respect for Famous Kundiman Singers
4. To identify the different kinds of music
5. To sustain interest in different kinds of music
Note: The following is an outline summary of the topic.

Question 1 – Why music is considered as the universal language?
Question 2 – How and why music showcases Philippine traditions?
Question 3 – Why is there a need to have music in this world?
Lesson Proper
❖ Music is the art of combining sounds of varying pitch to produce a coherent composition
that is melodious, harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and emotions.
❖ Sound begins with vibration of an object that is pounded or a string that is plucked.
❖ Elements of Music
1. Pitch – the relative highness or lowness of a sound
2. Volume or intensity – is the loudness or softness of a sound that may ranges from
very soft (pianissimo) and soft (piano) to very loud (fortissimo) and loud (forte)
3. Tempo or rate – is the speed of a composition or any of its sections. Terms such as
allegro (fast), vivace (lively), moderato (moderate speed), andante (moderately
slow, adagio ( slower than adante), lento (slow) and largo (very slow) are related to
tempo.
4. Duration – is the length of time during which a sound is produced.
5. Timbre or tone color – is the quality of sound that makes it distinct from other
sounds

6. Rhythm – is the consistent pattern or succession of identical or similar sounds.
7. Melody – is the series of consecutive tones that vary in pitch and duration but form
a line of individual significance and expressive value.
8. Harmony – is the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones
9. Texture – is the number of tones expected to be apprehended simultaneously. It can
be:
▪ Homophonic: A soloist performing a melody.
▪ Monophonic: A soloist performing a melody with accompaniment (for
example Flute with Piano).
▪ Polyphonic: Many musicians performing/combining rhythmic and melodic
patterns together.
10. Form – is the overall organization of the composition which is associated with
shape, structure and coherence
❖ Classification of Music
1. Vocal music – is produced by the voices of the singers in which the singing is done
without accompaniment of musical instruments. Vocal music is rendered as
acapella
2. Instrumental music – is a music produced by musical instruments and it is
exemplified by a n orchestra performing without a soloist of group of singers
3. Mixed music or mixed ensemble - is a combination of vocal music and instrumental
music. Mixed ensemble usually perform in Mass, Requiem Mass, opera, oratorio,
and cantala.
4. Ensembles music - is music rendered by a group of performers – singers and/or
players of musical instruments.
5. Orchestra - is the most spectacular of the ensembles because of its large size,
usually performing under direction of a conductor, the musicians playing several
instruments.
6. Symphony Orchestra –is a large ensemble composed of about 100 players. It
includes all the principal instrumental types divided into four sections or four basic
ranges: soprano, alto, tenor, and bass.

7. Concerto – is a form written for an orchestra in which one solo instruments, for
example, a piano or a violin, is given prominence.
8. Band – is an instrumental ensemble having the size of an orchestra but consisting
mainly or exclusively of wind and percussion instruments. Nowadays, a band is
used to mean a small group of performers, consisting of a soloist, drummer,
guitarist/s, and keyboardist, or a small group of singers.
9. Rondalla – is a band usually composed of stringed instruments. It is the best-known
instrumental group in the Philippines today.
10. Chamber Orchestra –is an ensemble larger than a chamber ensemble and smaller
than a full orchestra.
11. Chamber Ensemble –is a small group of instrumental players. The number of
musical instruments ranges from one to nine.
12. Special Ensemble –is a grouping other than the ones earlier mentioned.The Pangkat
Kawayan or Bandang Kawayan whose members play instruments made of bamboo
is also considered a special ensemble.
❖ Kinds of Music
1. Program Music – it is connected with elements of a story or poem which is abundant
with literary and pictorial connotations. It is generally classified into:
▪ Imitative music – copies the actual sound of the subject, as in imitation of
animals which during that time, was very popular
▪ Descriptive program music – pictures an event or scene. One of the first
example of this kind music was Beethoven’s Symphony No.6 called
Pastoral symphony.
▪ Narrative music – intends to tell a story or represents a series of related
event. A good example of narrative music is “Don Quixote”
2. Folk Music – It is the traditional and spontaneous music of people, race, nation or
region. It is passed down orally from one generation to another and generally not a
composer’s work. Folk dance and folk songs compose a wealth of melodious
materials which aside from its intrinsic beauty has provided themes and ideas for
many magnificent compositions.

3. Art songs – It is usually composed with a piano accompaniment and is often
sophisticated. Unlike folk songs, an art song is the work of a composer who is
trained in music.
4. Jazz music – Melody and rhythm blend harmonically in jazz music. Much of jazz
music is improvised that is by the playing musicians, it is not written down like
classical music. Much was borrowed by jazz music from work songs and songs
with sad words or “blues” and the instruments use tones and inflections that imitate
the human voice. A traditional jazz band includes trumpet, clarinet and trombone
and a double bass, drums and banjo.
5. Classical Music – Musical compositions of enduring excellence felt to be of first
significance beore modern time is called classical music. In the Philippines, among
the noted Filipino classical music composers are Buencamino, Saniago and Silos.
Claasical compositions such as MAdaling Araw, Nasaan ka Irog and Hatinggabi ar
examples of this kinds of music.
6. The Opera – This is a musical drama, which many years, has been one of the most
attractive forms of entertainment. It is wonderful combination of vocal and
instrumental music, ensembles, soloist, chorus, ballet, orchestra, scenery
pantomime and acting. Theatrical music is perfect natural thin
7. Alternative music - was a phrase invented in early 80s describing bands which
broke from the barrage of pop and hair metal and formed a new direction of more
focused and honest rock.
8. Blues - the English term ‘blue’ to mean sad, depressed, or upset about something.
It’s only natural that blues music evokes these types of sensations, but this harmonic
genre is also emotional in a myriad of other ways.
9. Hip hop, or hip-hop - is the term used to refer to a cultural movement created by
African Americans, Caribbean Americans, and Latino Americans in the 1970s. It
refers to hip hop music, including rap. Hip hop has four primary elements and five
secondary elements. The four primary elements are essential for understanding hip
hop musically, while the remaining five are not necessary for musicality but are
still prominent.

10. Pop -it is a short for popular, and it’s remained the defining term for the ever-
changing music favoured by the public. Although not specifically applied until the
middle of the 20th century, pop music as such can be traced by a few decades before
that.
❖ Compilation of Filipino Folk music

1. Bahay-kubo
This song is as familiar to Filipino schoolchildren as the "ABC's" and
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" are to kids everywhere. Credited to have been
written by composer and 1997 National Artist for Music Felipe de Leon (1912-
1992), it tells of the traditional Filipino rural house, the humble "bahay kubo" or
nipa hut, and goes on to enumerate the various vegetables planted in its vicinity.
2. Pakitong-kitong
Also called "Tong Tong Tong Tong Pakitong-kitong," this Filipino folk
song has both a Tagalog and Cebuano version. It describes a crab that is delicious
to eat, but hard to catch because of its snapping pincers.
3. Magtanim Ay Di Biro
Credited to Felipe de Leon, "Magtanim Ay Di Biro" ("Planting Rice is
Never Fun") describes the tedious chore of planting rice. It has been covered by
Filipino rock band The Dawn, and former president Joseph "Erap" Estrada even
rewrote it into a much more "inspirational" version entitled "Kung Tayo'y
Magtatanim" ("If We All Plant Rice").
4. O Ilaw
A popular example of the traditional Filipino love song genre "kundiman",
this song was made famous by Filipino singer and actor Ruben Tagalog (1920-
83). The real title of the song is actually "Aking Bituin" ("My Star"), its current
title having been derived from its first two words "o ilaw" ("o light").
5. Ang Pipit
"Ang Pipit" ("The Sparrow") relates the story a sparrow who falls off the
branch its perched on after being stoned by a cruel man. It was co-written by
Lucio D. San Pedro (1913-2002) and Levi Celerio (1910-2002). Named National

Artist for Music and Literature in 1997, Celerio had composed over 4,000 songs
and has even been included in the Guiness Book of World Records for his unusual
talent of playing music from a leaf.
6. Sa Ugoy Ng Duyan
Another collaboration from Lucio San Pedro and Levi Celerio. "Sa Ugoy
ng Duyan" ("The Swing of the Cradle") is a haunting and nostalgic lullaby
expressing the feelings of a child finding tranquil security in the arms of a loving
mother.
7. Sa Libis Ng Nayon
This song describes the beauty and serenity of life in the countryside. It
was written by Santiago S. Suarez and popularized by Filipina singer and "Queen
of Kundiman" Sylvia la Torre.
8. Bayan KO
Written in 1929 by Filipino poet Jose Corazon de Jesus ("Huseng Batute"
1896-1932) and later set to music by Constancio de Guzman (1903-83), "Bayan
Ko" ("My Country") was meant as a patriotic song protesting the American
occupation of the Philippines. Since then, it has practically been a second national
anthem for freedom-loving Filipinos, a theme song for some of the most
momentous events in Philippine history. Its most famous rendition is the one by
Filipino folk singer Freddie Aguilar.
9. Sitsiritsit Alibangbang
It is also known as Sitsiritsit Alibangbang, is a Filipino folk song. This
humorous song describe a flirtatious woman threatening a storeowner that
the ants are going to get him if he is not going to extend credit, as well as unusual
situations of exchanging a child for a doll or bagoong. It is said to have originated
during the country's Spanish colonization, as its lyrics suggest the ordinary life
during that time.
10. Paro Parong Bukid
It originated during the Spanish Time here in the Philippines. It is said that
the song acts as a protest song for the Filipino women. The meaning of the song is
this: during that time, some women are selling their own bodies (prostitutes) to

the Spanish colonizers (the military, especially, the friars) with exchange for
money and food.
11. Leron Leron Sinta
This popular classic traditional folk song composed by Alberto Florentino.
This folk song is about a man named “Leron” and her sweetheart “Neneng”. The
song revolves around the adventures of the two sweethearts as they pick fruits
from a Papaya and a Tamarind trees
12. Lubi Lubi
Lubi-Lubi is also known as the Waray Song in the Philippines. The song
is about the black nightshade plant, but the last few lines list the months of the
year, making the song a useful tool for teaching them to elementary school
children.
❖ Famous Kundiman Singers

Kundiman is a genre of traditional Filipino love songs. The lyrics of the
Kundiman are written in Tagalog. The melody is characterized by a smooth, flowing and
gentle rhythm with dramatic intervals. Kundiman was the traditional means of serenade in
the Philippines.
1. Pilita Corales - (born August 22, 1939) – Known as ”Asia’s Queen of Songs”.
Born in Lahug, Cebu. After finishing her studies at Colegio de la Inmaculada
Concepcion in Cebu, she went to finishing school in Spain. In 1958, Corrales began
her recording career after arriving in Australia for a brief period. She left her legacy
by becoming the first woman to make the Australian pop charts with a local
recording called 'Come Closer to Me'. She became a star of the Victoria Television
circuit and her first hit, Come Closer to Me, became part of a collection on which
she’s billed as one of the Grand Dames of Victorian Radio and Television.
2. Sylvia La Torre - (born June 4, 1933) - Known as "The Queen of Kundiman", is a
Filipina singer, actress, and radio star. She began singing in 1938 at the age of five,
when she entered a singing competition in Manila. She started performing in theater
during World War II. In 1948, she joined the Manila Grand Opera House. Her first
song release was "Si Petite Mon Amour" under the Bataan Records label in 1950.

She later moved to Villar Records. She began to make films in 1941 moving to
Sampaguita Pictures, the studio her father worked at as a director.
3. Ric Manrique Jr. - (born May 23, 1941) - Known as one of the two Hari ng
Kundiman in the Philippines. Member of the Mabuhay Singers in the 1950’s. He
recorded his first album in the early 1960s, and recorded most of his songs with
Villar Records. Manrique is best known for his songs that became theme songs of
popular Filipino movies. The song entitled as Ang Daigdig Ko'y Ikaw is the theme
song from the 1965 movie of the same title starring Fernando Poe, Jr. and Susan
Roces. It was sung in collaboration with Pilita Corrales.
4. Ruben Tagalog - (October 18, 1922 – March 5, 1989) - was a Filipino actor and
musician, famous for his works in the Kundiman style. He was also a part of the
Mabuhay Singers. He first caught the attention of radio listeners in the 1940s when
he hosted his own radio program, Harana ni Ruben Tagalog. His baritone voice
filled his songs Ramona, Sayang, Azucena and Nasaan Ka Ngayon with emotion.
5. Cenon Lagman - Known as ”Prince of Kundiman”. Became famous from winning
the Tawag ng Tanghalan in 1959.
❖ Kundiman Songwriters
1. Francisco Santiago (January 29, 1889 – September 28, 1947) - The Father of
Kundiman Art Song. Born in Santa Maria, Bulacan. When the University of the
Philippines Conservatory of Music was founded in 1916, he was taken in as a piano
instructor. Dr. Santiago obtained his teacher's certificate in science and composition
from the University of the Philippines in 1922. He obtained his masters in music at
the Conservatory of Chicago, USA in 1924 and his doctorate at the Chicago Music
School in the same year. He returned to the Philippines in 1925 and resumed
teaching at the University of the Philippines.
2. Francisco Santiago - The Father of Kundiman Art Song. He was born in Santa
Maria, Bulacan, on January 29, 1889 to musically-minded peasant parents.
In 1908,
Santiago's masterpiece was the “cocerto de B flat minor" for pianoforte and
orchestra. His most famous piece "Kundiman, (Anak-Dalita)", was sung upon the

request of King Alfonso XIII before the Royal Court of Spain.His other
compositions are the kundiman "Sakali Man", "Hibik ng Filipinas", "Pakiusap",
"Ang Pag-ibig", "Suyuan", "Alaala Kita", "Ikaw at Ako", "Ano Kaya ang
Kapalaran?", "Hatol Hari Kaya?", "Sakali't Mamatay", "Dalit ng Pag-ibig", "Aking
Bituin", "Madaling Araw" and "Pagsikat ng Araw".
3. Nicanor Abelardo (February 7, 1893 – March 21, 1934) - Born in San Miguel de
Mayumo, Bulacan. In 1916, he studied at the University of the Philippines
Conservatory of Music. While there, he composed the "U.P. Beloved", a school
hymn which won first prize in an open musical contest in 1917. In 1918, he was
appointed as an assistant instructor in solfeggio and harmony. He became a full-
pledged instructor in 1919. He received his teacher's certificate in science and
composition in 1923. He then became the head of the composition department the
following year.
4. Antonio Molina (December 26, 1894 – January 29, 1980) - Born in Quiapo,
Manila. He received his Bachelor's degree in 1909 at the Colegio de San Juan de
Letran. Prior to that, he also went to the Escuela de Catolica de Quiapo, where he
began his first formal schooling. In 1919, he enrolled at the University of the
Philippines (UP) Conservatory of Music. His teachers included Nicanor Abelardo
and the Conservatory Director, Robert Schofield. He obtained his teacher's diploma
in 1923. From 1922 to 1924, he concertized extensively in Hanoi and other parts of
Indo-China.
5. Rodolfo Cornejo (May 15, 1909 – August 11, 1991) – Born in Manila. At the UP
Conservatory, he studied under Dr. Francisco Santiago, Nicanor Abelardo and
Alexander Lippay. Barely three years after completing his high school, he obtained
his teacher's diplomas in piano, science and composition. He taught for a year at
UP, then left for the United States. He acquired a bachelor's degree in piano and
theory at the Chicago Musical College of Roosevelt University in 1932.
6. Francisco Buencamino (November 5, 1883 – October 16, 1952) - Born in San
Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan. In the early 1900s, Francisco Buencamino taught
music at the Ateneo de Manila and at the Centro Escolar de Senoritas. At the latter,
he founded the Conservatory of Music and was its head until 1938. At the same

time, he also handled music lessons at the Liceo de Manila. He founded the
Buencamino Music Academy in 1930. In the 1940s, he started working as a musical
director. He also composed music for films produced by Sampaguita Pictures, LVN
and Excelsior.
7. Levi Celerio - He wrote 4000 songs and remained poor. But that is something every
man of his kind takes pride of. His compositions range from Filipino folk songs to
Christmas songs to love songs.His name was placed in the Guinness Book of World
Records for his leaf-playing feat. He was known as the only man who could play
music with a leaf. He died on April 2, 2002.
8. Julián Felipe - A dedicated music teacher and composer, he was appointed by
then-President Emilio Aguinaldo as Director of the National Band of the First
Philippine Republic. He died in Manila. As the composer of the music of the
Filipino national anthem, now known as Lupang Hinirang.
Summary
Music is the art of combining sounds of varying pitch to produce a coherent composition
that is melodious, harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and emotions. There are several
key elements of music. When combined and used correctly they express emotion and provide us
with “singable”, enjoyable pieces that can represent time, place and even become what we use to
describe who we are and what we represent.
References
Marcos, Lucivilla L. et.al. Introduction to Humanities: Visual and Performing arts (2010)
Menoy, Jeus Z., Introduction to Humanities: A holistic Approach (2014)
Activity
For Wired/Non students:

See activity sheets

Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
I. Modified TRUE or FALSE. Write True if the statement is correct and if it is false, write
that makes the statement false.
_______________________ 1. Pitch refers to the relative highness or lowness of a tone.
_______________________ 2. Duration refers to how long a sound is heard.
_______________________ 3. Intensity refers to the loudness or softness of a sound.
_______________________ 4. Tenor is the low register male voice.
_______________________ 5. All sounds are caused by vibrations.
_______________________ 6. Timbre is a quality of sound produced by other instruments.
_______________________ 7. The melody is what the listeners remember.
_______________________ 8. Folk music is the spontaneous and traditional music of people.
_______________________ 9. Tempo is the speed in music.
_______________________ 10. A symphony orchestra is a large ensembles which includes all
types of instruments.
B. Define the following in your own words.

1. Orchestra ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Ensembles ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Soprano _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4. Vocal Music _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Kundiman ___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
Aesthetic. List down 5 Kundiman songs or folk songs and listen the songs through internet
(youtube). Write your analysis below.
1.____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 7 – Dance
1. To value the compilation of Philippine Folk Dance
2. To examine critically the different steps of Folk Dance
3. To perform folk, modern and popular dance
1. How dance expresses emotions?
2. What are the different elements of dance?
Lesson Proper
❖ Dance
o It is a form of art using rhythmic bodily movements expressing ideas and emotions
and accompanied by music. As an art form, it may tell a story, set a mood, or
express an emotion. It is a form of exercise; a number of people who want to be fit
physically fit turn to dancing. It is also a form of socialization where people
socialize, meet new friends and form new associations.
❖ Elements of Dance
1. Dancer – It is the most important element of dance. Since he is the performer, there
wont be a dance without him/her. He executes the steps, follows the instructions of
the choreographer, wears the costumes, and carries the props.
2. Choreographer – He/ she is the dance director. He does the overall design of the
dance, assigns the steps to be executed by the dancer/s, selects the costumes and
props that go the dance, and determines the set designed for the dance.

3. Design – It is the planned organization or pattern in time and space. It involves the
movements and the positioning of the dancers and the steps executed by them.
4. Subject – It is the message of the dance. It tells what the dance is about.
5. Movements – these are classified into steps, gestures, and facial expressions.
6. Technique – It is the style or way of executing the movements.
7. Costumes – These are the things worn by the dancers during the performance. These
includes the head gear, the upper garment, the lower garments and the footwear.
8. Properties – These are commonly known as props. Properties that are carried by the
dancers as they perform.
9. Set design – It is the setting or the background that indicates the place of action for
the dancers.
10. Other theatrical elements – elements such as lighting effects, sound effects, visual
effects and the like form part of a dance performance when the dance is performed
as part of a musical play or when theatrical dance.
❖ Kinds of Dance
1. Folk or Ethnic dance – those are performed by the members of a tribe or ethnic
group to conduct their day-to-day activities. Examples are Mangyan dance, Muslim
dance and so on.
2. Social or Ballroom dance - those performed by pairs or groups in ballroom or
dance halls to socialize. Example are chacha, boogie, rumba, waltz, tango and so
on.
3. Spectacular or theatrical dance – those performed on stage as a spectacle to
entertain the audience. Examples are ballet, interpretative dance and modern
dances.
❖ Traditional Folk Dances of the Philippines
The Philippines has many popular folk dances which have evolved and changed as they
have been passed down from generation to generation. Although a particular dance might

be performed slightly differently from one region to the next, its remains true to its roots.
Here are some of the most popular dances from the region.
1. The Itik-Itik
The best description of the Itik-Itik is that the steps mimic the way a duck
walks, as well as the way it splashes water on its back to attract a mate. According to
popular tradition, the dance was created by a lady named Kanang who choreographed
the steps while dancing at a baptismal party. The other guests copied her movements,
and everyone liked the dance so much that it has been passed along ever since.
2. The Tinikling
The Tinikling is considered by many to be the Philippines’ national dance. The
dance’s movements imitate the movement of the tikling bird as it walks around through
tall grass and between tree branches. People perform the dance using bamboo poles.
The dance is composed of three basic steps which include singles, doubles and hops.
It looks similar to playing jump rope, except that the dancers perform the steps around
and between the bamboo poles, and the dance becomes faster until someone makes a
mistake and the next set of dancers takes a turn.

3. The Sayaw sa Bangko
The Sayaw sa Bangko is performed on top of a narrow bench. Dancers need good
balance as they go through a series of movements that include some impressive
acrobatics. This dance traces its roots back to the areas of Pangapisan, Lingayen and
Pangasinan.
4. The Binasuan
The Binasuan is an entertaining dance that is usually performed at festive social
occasions like weddings and birthdays. Dancers carefully balance three half-filled
glasses of rice wine on their heads and hands as they gracefully spin and roll on the
ground. The dance originated in Bayambang in the Pangasinan province, and though

it’s usually performed alone, it can also become a competition between several
dancers.
5. The Pandanggo sa Ilaw

The Pandanggo sa Ilaw is similar to a Spanish Fandango, but the Pandanggo is
performed while balancing three oil lamps – one on the head, and one in each hand.
It’s a lively dance that originated on Lubang Island. The music is in 3/4 time and is
usually accompanied by castanets.
6. The Pandanggo Oasiwas

The Pandanggo Oasiwas is similar to the Pandanggo sa Ilaw, and is typically
performed by fishermen to celebrate a good catch. In this version, the lamps are placed
in cloths or nets and swung around as the dancers circle and sway.

7. The Maglalatik
The Maglalatik is a mock war dance that depicts a fight over coconut meat, a highly-
prized food. The dance is broken into four parts: two devoted to the battle and two
devoted to reconciling. The men of the dance wear coconut shells as part of their
costumes, and they slap them in rhythm with the music. The Maglalatik is danced in
the religious procession during the fiesta of Biñan as an offering to San Isidro de
Labrador, the patron saint of farmers
8. The Kappa Malong-Malong

The Kappa Malong-Malong is a Muslim-influenced dance. The malong is a tubular
garment, and the dance essentially shows the many ways it can be worn. There are
men’s and women’s versions of the dance since they wear malongs in different ways.
9. The Cariñosa
The Cariñosa is a dance made for flirting! Dancers make a number of flirtatious
movements as they hide behind fans or handkerchiefs and peek out at one another. The
essence of the dance is the courtship between two sweethearts.
10. The Singkil

The Singkíl originated from the Maranao people who inhabit the shores of
Lake Lanao. It is derived from a story in the Darangen, the pre-Islamic Maranao
interpretation of the ancient Hindu Indian epic, the Ramayana. The name of the
dance itself means “to entangle the feet with disturbing objects such as vines or
anything in your path”. It is a popular dance performed during celebrations and

other festive entertainment. Originally only women, particularly royalty, danced
the Singkíl, which serves as either a conscious or unconscious advertisement to
potential suitors. The lead dancer, in the role of Putri Gandingan (the Darangen
name for Sita), graciously step in and out of closing bamboos poles arranged in
either a parallel, rectangular, or criss-cross fashion while manipulating either apir
(fans), mosala (scarves), or even just their bare hands. A kulintang and agung
ensemble always accompanies the dance.
❖ Philippine National Artists

1. Ramon Obusan (June 16, 1938 – December 21, 2006) He was a dancer,
choreographer, stage designer and artistic director. He achieved phenomenal
success in Philippine dance and cultural work. He was also acknowledged as
a researcher, archivist and documentary filmmaker who broadened and
deepened the Filipino understanding of his own cultural life and expressions.
Through the Ramon Obusan Folkloric Grop (ROFG), he had effected cultural
and diplomatic exchanges using the multifarious aspects and dimensions of
the art of dance. Source: Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group
2. Francisca Reyes Aquino (March 9, 1899 – November 21, 1983)
Acknowledged as the folk dance pioneer. This Bulakeña began her research
on folk dances in the 1920’s making trips to remote barrios in Central and
Northern Luzon. Her research on the unrecorded forms of local celebration,
ritual and sport resulted into a 1926 thesis titled “Philippine folk dances and
games,” and arranged specifically for use by teachers and playground
instructors in public and private schools. In the 1940’s, she served as
supervisor of Physical Education at the Bureau of Education that distributed
her work and adapted the teaching of folk dancing as a medium of making
young Filipinos aware of their cultural heritage. In 1954, she received the
republic award of merit given by the late pres. Ramon Magsaysay for

“outstanding contribution toward the advancement of Filipino culture”, one
among the many awards and recognition given to her.
3. Leonor Orosa Goquingco (DANCE, 1976) A Pioneer Filipino
choreographer known to many as “the trailblazer,” “the mother of Philippine
theater dance,” and “Dean of Filipino performing arts critics.” She has
produced stunning choreographies during her 50-year career, highlighted by
“Filipinescas: Philippine life, legend, and love,” which elevated native folk
dance to its highest stage of development.
4. Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula - Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula, choreographer, dance
educator and researcher. She spent almost four decades in the discovery and
study of Philippine folk and ethnic dances. She applied her findings to project
a new example of an ethnic dance culture that goes beyond simple
preservation and into creative growth. Over a period of thirty years, she had
choreographed suites of mountain dances, Spanish-influenced dances,
Muslim pageants and festivals, regional variations and dances of the
countryside for the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company of which she was
the dance director. These dances have all earned critical acclaims and rave
reviews from audiences in their world tours in Americas, Europe, Asia,
Australia and Africa. She became the National Artist for Dance in 1988.
5. Alice Garcia Reyes (born October 14, 1942) She is a Filipina dancer,
choreographer, teacher, director and producer. The founder (together with
Eddie Elejar) of Ballet Philippines, she received last June 20, 2014 from
President Aquino the highest award in the Arts, National Artist of the
Philippines. She was chiefly responsible in popularizing contemporary dance
with the Alice Reyes Dance Company which staged the first modern dance
concert at the Cultural Center of the Philippines Main Theater on February,
1970. It was this company that later became Ballet Philippines. She is best
known for "Bungkos Suite", "Carmen", "Carmina Burana", "Romeo and
Juliet", "Rama Hari", "Cinderella", "Amada", "Itim-Asu", and "Tales of the
Manuvu"—all nuanced with Filipino culture, gesture and grace

Summary
Music has been an important part of the activities of humankind since in the beginning of
recorded history. It is likely that music existed as an essential tool of human culture from the time
higher consciousness first formed in humans.
Similar to visual arts, the audio-visual-arts have their respective elements. Music has its
own set of elements; dance has another set; and drama has still another set. And there are some
elements common to these three genres.
There are notable Filipino artists in the field of music that give a very important
contributions in the music industry where their music can be heard in every generations.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Artist_of_the_Philippines
https://folkdance607.wordpress.com/2017/11/10/folk-dance-in-philippines/
Activity

See activity sheets

Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
A. Dance as Art
1. Can you consider hiphop as art? By what Artistic standards or criteria can you classify
hiphop as art or not as art?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. How can you classify dance as art?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
B. Folk dance
Watch Folk dance video compilation in YouTube and
1. Name the best five Philippine Folk dances and explain your reasons why you consider them
as the best. (essay writing)

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. If Western Folk dance influenced ballet and modern dance, can Philippine folk dance
influence modern dance? How? (Essay writing)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________

Instruction. Using Tiktok app, perform folk, modern and popular dance in 5-10mins with different
attire/costumes and props. Video is to be uploaded in facebook or in lpumrooms. For non-wired
students, video is to be submitted through USB.

Lesson 8- Drama
1. To recognize the different elements of drama
2. To identify the different kinds of drama
3. To perform a drama presentation
1. What is the first thing comes to your mind when the “drama” is mentioned?
2. What is your idea about theatre?
3. How does dram appeal to you? Do you have an immediate visual of your favourite dramatic
piece?
Lesson Proper
❖ Drama
Drama comes from Greek words dram meaning "to do" or "to
act.“ Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. According to
Oxford Dictionary, drama is a composition in prose or in verse; adapted to be acted
and is represented with accompanying gesture, costume, and scenery, as in real life. It
is essentially social and involves contact, communication and the negotiation of
meaning. Drama needs an individual or a group of people who use themselves – their
bodies and their minds – through action and offers through speech to tell a story. It is
a social encounter in a special place and in a special time. The actors and the spectators
move between real time and imaginary time, from existential reality to dramatic
reality.

❖ Literary Elements of Drama
1. Direction – The director is the overall in charge of the dramatic performance.
He instructs the actors and all the people involved in the production from the
production assistants to the cameraman, props men, eefcft men, designers,
writers, editors, cinematographers and so on. He is always present from the
pre-production stage to the post-production of life play
2. Acting - the members of the cast perform the roles assigned to them by the
director. They read the script, memorize their lines, follow the instructions
given by the director, and give justice to their assigned roles.
3. Editing - the editor sequences the scenes to be presened in such a way that
they make up a coherent whole.
4. Set design – The set designer does the layout of the set. He determines what
to place as backdrop and what to put on stage.
5. Cinematography – the cinematography is the person who takes charge of the
photography. He looks for the location that fits the story and, with the aid of
the cameramen, shoots the scenes forming part of the drama.
6. Production design - similar to the set designer for the stage play, the
production designer is tasked to do the overall design for a drama to be shown
on the small screen or the wide screen.
7. Costume design - The costume designer creates the clothes to be worn by the
actors and actresses. Akin to a fashion designer who comes up with
fashionable clothes appealing to his target market, he sees to it the costumes
suit the characters to be portrayed by the performers.
8. Make up - The make up artists beautifies or uglifies the actors and actresses
based on the roles they portray.
9. Properties – the properties (props for short) are the things which the actors
and actresses carry or bring with them as they perform on the stage or in front
of the camera in order to establish their character.
10. Light/lighting effect – the light man is in charge of determining the amount
(bright or dark) and the sources (sun, lamp, flashlight or candle) of light
needed to make scene realistic and credible.

11. Sound effect – the sound effect man is in charge of determining the amount
(loud or soft) and the sources (people,animals, objects, etc) of sound needed
to make the scenes realistic and credible.
12. Visual effect - the visual effect man is in charge of producing those sights
that are not usually captured by the camera in order to make the scenes
effective
13. Theme songs – it is the song composed to represent the theme or the subject
matter of the drama.
14. Musical score - the theme song is not only song played in drama, whether it
is a comedy, a tragedy, a melodrama, or another genre. There are other songs
played to set the mood, to excite the audience, or keep the viewers glued to
their seats.
15. Story – It is one of the most important aspects of a play fr without it, there
wont be any production.
16. Script - It is that which contains dialogue or the lines to be memorized by the
performers.
❖ Kinds of Drama
1. Tragedy – it is a drama in which the hero fails to fulfil his goal or goals. His
failure is attributed to his tragic flaw, a fatal mistake.
2. Comedy - it is a drama in which the hero succeeds in fulfilling his goal or
goals. Sometimes, it is comic all throughout as comedy of manners o a
slapstick comedy such that the viewers laugh and laugh as they watch the
performance.
3. Tragicomedy – it is a drama in which the hero fails with respect to some goals
but succeeds with respect to other goals. It is merely combination of s tragedy
and a comedy.
4. Farce – it is a drama written by an author whose intention is to poke fun at
the hero, his subject. The hero, oftentimes symbolizing a public official or
person of authority. The dramatic tone is satirical.

5. Melodrama – it is a drama that focuses not on the protagonist, but on the
action or the situation. It is characterized by sensational actions, extravagant
emotions, and a happy endings.
6. Religious play – it is a drama that serves to re-enact a biblical event or to
teach a truth or truths pertaining to a religion.
7. Historical play – it serves to re-enact a historical event that plays an important
role on the lives of the viewers.
8. Musical play. – also known as an opera. It is an art form that combines music
and drama. Dealing with any subject, it differ from other plays in as much as
the performers do not say their lives, but sing them.
❖ Mediums of Drama
1. Stage play – it is a drama performed on stage and the dramatic performers
perform live before an audience. Example is the Huling El Bimbo
2. Radio play - it is a drama aired over the radio. The dramatic performers
perform live in the studio but not before the audience. Examples are Dear
MOR and Ito ang Inyong Tiya Dely.
3. Television play – it is a drama shown on television and the dramatic
performers tape the play days before it is presented to the public.Examples
are Magpakailanman and Maalalala mo kaya.
4. Movie or film - it is a drama shown on the wide screen where the dramatic
performers shoot the film months before it is presented to the public.
❖ Ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from
600 BC. The city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and
military power during this period, was its center, where it was institutionalised as
part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honored the god Dionysus. Tragedy (late
500 BC), comedy (490 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to
emerge there. Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies.

❖ Roman Drama – Ancient Roman theatre was heavily influenced by the Greek
tradition. The Roman dramatists tended to adapt and translate from the Greek as
writers in other literary genres did. For example, Seneca’s “Phaedra” was based on
Euripides’ “Hippolytus” and the comedies of Plautus and Terence were direct re-
elaborations of Menander’s works. Compared to Greek theatre, Roman theatre was
less influenced by religion and was more aesthetic appeal. Was a more common thing
to appear on stage as opposed to the Green theatre where was more commonly spoken
about.
❖ Modern Drama - Romanticism gave way to Realism during the 19th century, paving
the way for the era of contemporary drama in the 20th century. Contemporary drama
shows the influence of all that has come before.Modern drama involved much
experimentation with new forms and ideas. In the early part of the 20th century,
musical drama came to dominate stages in NewYork and England, although each
theater season saw the release of straight dramatic plays as well. Many movements
generally lumped together as the avant-garde, attempted to suggest alternatives to the
realistic drama and production. The various theoreticians felt that Naturalism
presented only superficial and thus limited or surface reality-that a greater truth or
reality could be found in the spiritual or the unconscious.
❖ Philippine Theater
Tanghalang Pilipino (Philippine Theater) is the leading exponent of Philippine
theater and the resident drama company of the Cultural Center of the Philippines
since its organization in 1987. It has successfully presented hundreds of productions
over more than 30 theater seasons, earning numerous awards and citations while
generating one of the best attendance records among the CCP's resident companies.
Tanghalang Pilipino wishes to develop and train actors, playwrights, and designers
with special emphasis in the production of original Filipino plays. By staging plays
from the repertoire of Philippine past and plays in translation from other countries,
TP hopes to bring to the experience of both artists and audience the best of Philippine
and global theatre tradition. It looks forward to educating and awakening the cultural

consciousness of the Filipino audiences through its regular performances and other
related activities like workshops, symposia and interactions.
Long before the different forms of theater we enjoy today, like straight plays and
musicals largely influenced by the West, the Philippines has had many types of theater
through the years. It’s a rich performing arts tradition – from folk legends passed down
through generations to intellectual debates as performance art; from pagan practices to
the deeply religious celebrations influenced by years of colonization, here’s a look
back through the colorful history and evolution of theater in the Philippines.
1. Epic poetry
Epic poetry is considered the highest point of Filipino folk literature, and
dates back to the pre-colonial period. These epics, usually of romance or
adventure, are commonly presented during festivals and gatherings such as
weddings, baptisms, and wakes. Singers have been known to perform for hours
at a time. One of the most famous epic poems is Biag ni Lam-ang, the national
epic of the Ilocano people, and notable for being the first folk epic to be recorded
in written form after being passed on from generation to generation.
2. Duplo
The duplo is a poetic debate presented through song and dance, which
originated from indigenous courtship customs. Poets used proverbs and riddles
to present their suit to the woman of their choice. This ultimately evolved into a
more formal debate on issues, and started to be called the balagtasan.
3. Moro-moro
For a time, one of the most popular types of theater in the Philippines was
the Moros y Cristianos, which is not surprising for a country that was under
Spanish rule for 300 years. Commonly called moro-moro, it is a street drama that
usually lasted for several days, and presented both secular themes like love and
vengeance, and the Spanish-influenced religious theme of the conflict between
Christians and Moors. The moro-moro only survives in isolated towns today,
and though an integral part of Filipino art history, it may not bear too much close
scrutiny these days with its less than admirable depictions of intolerance.

4. Senakulo
Another performing art stemming from religious custom is the senakulo or
Passion Play. This is the dramatization of the life and death of Jesus Christ and
is usually presented as a community activity during the Lenten season. This still
endures to the present, ranging from simple productions to more technically
sophisticated and modernized versions.
5. Traditional Folk Dance
With its varied cultures and communities throughout its 7000 islands, the
Philippines has a diverse collection of folk dances. Some of the most popular folk
dances are the Singkil, a folk dance that originated from the Maranao people of
Lake Lanao in Mindanao, from the epic legend Darangen; the Itik-Itik, which
originated as an improvised dance in Surigao del Sur and was discovered by
National Artist for Dance Francisca Reyes-Aquino; and the Tinikling, which is
similar to Singkil with its use of bamboo poles that dancers must weave through.
It is supposed to mimic the movement of the local tikling birds.
6. Bodabil
It sounds like “vaudeville”, and it is. This form of theater was an American
import in the pre-war era, but became uniquely Filipino with the indigenization of
the name. Like its American counterpart, bodabil featured a variety of musical
numbers, comedic and dramatic skits, and song and dance numbers. Popular
Filipino performers such as Dolphy, Anita Linda, and sarsuwela legend Atang de
la Rama got their start in bodabil. It has since died out with the rise of cinema, but
its influence can still be felt in television variety shows.
7. Sarsuwela
The sarsuwela is a type of melodrama, usually in three acts, that uses
alternately spoken and sung words. It was the Spanish influence that started the
sarsuwela, but it was also this colonization that led Filipinos to incorporate
nationalistic overtones in the art. This resulted in the arrest of several prominent
writers such as Aurelio Tolentino and Pascual Poblete, and eventually, the
shutdown of sarsuwela companies during the American occupation. As proof of
its importance in Philippine culture, in 2011 the National Commission for Culture

and the Arts designated the sarsuwela as a nominee for the UNESCO Intangible
Cultural Heritage lists.
❖ Philippine Cinema
The cinema of the Philippines (Filipino: Pelikulang Pilipino or Sine Pilipino)
began with the introduction of the first moving pictures to the country on August 31,
1897 at the Salón de Pertierra in Manila. following year, local scenes were shot on
film for the first time by a Spaniard, Antonio Ramos, using the Lumiere
Cinematograph. While most early filmmakers and producers in the country were
mostly wealthy enterprising foreigners and expatriates, on September 12, 1919,
Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden), a movie based on a popular musical play, was
the first movie made and shown by Filipino filmmaker José Nepomuceno. Dubbed
as the "Father of Philippine Cinema", his work marked the start of cinema as an art
form in the Philippines.
Even with the problems currently facing motion pictures around the world,
films are still considered as one of the popular forms of entertainment among the
Filipino people, directly employing some 260,000 Filipinos and generating around
₱2 billion revenues annually.
The Film Academy of the Philippines established its own national film
archive in October 2011, Furthermore, their annually held Luna Awards honor the
outstanding Filipino films as voted by their own peers. Meanwhile, the Manunuri ng
Pelikulang Pilipino hands out the Gawad Urian Awards, which is well known due to
its credible choices of winners. Currently, Box Office Mojo compiles box office
performance for local and foreign films in the country.

Summary
Drama, similar with visual and audio visual arts, has different important elements that play
a very important part in the success of the production. Drama is the specific mode of fiction
represented in performance: a play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on radio or
television. Here in the Philippines, drama particularly the stage or theatre plays can be watched in
the Philippine theatres. And some drama can be watched in the wide screens of different cinemas
in the country.
References
http://theaterfansmanila.com/7-types-of-theater-in-the-philippines/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanghalang_Pilipino
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines
Activity

See activity sheets

Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
Aesthetic. Watch a local play production and write your own review for such production.
Using your knowledge of drama, compare and contrast comedy and tragedy.

Name _______________________________________________ Score: ___________________
Instruction. Using Tiktok app, perform an acting drama by imitating your favorite dialogues of
your favorite movies(including melodrama, comedy, romance,suspense etc) in 5-10mins with
different attire/costumes and props. Video is to uploaded in facebook or in lpumrooms. For non-
wired students, video is to be submitted through USB.

Art App Module

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Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite

College of Arts and Sciences

Jannet C.Broas, MA Ed.Bio, LPT

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 1

II. What is Art: Introduction and Assumptions

III. Art Appreciation: Creativity, Imagination and the Expression

IV. Functions of Art:

V. Philosophical Perspectives on Art

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 2

VI. Subject and Content

VII. Artists and Artisans

VIII. Elements and Principles of Art

IX. Principles of design

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 3

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 4

LPU Core Values

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 5

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 6

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 7

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 8

For Wired students:

Activity 2: Setting One’s Expectations

For Wired students:

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 9

Pre-Assessment/ Guide Questions

Note: In an open forum (online), answer the following :

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 10

Caslib, B. et al (2018). Art appreciation. Manila: Rex Book Store / Online

For Wired students:

For Non-wired students:

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 11

2. Why is art not nature?

3. Why is art ageless and timeless?

4. Why does art involve experience?

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 12

Pre-Assessment/ Guide Questions

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 13

Art Appreciation as a Way of Life:

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 14

The primary stage of engaging with art is its perception.

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 15

Ways of presenting the Subject

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 16

Stilllife painting by Tetyana

Legends and Life of the Saints Church Rituals & Religious

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 17

Caslib, B. et al (2018). Art appreciation. Manila: Rex Book Store./ Online

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 18

For Wired students:

For Non-wired students:

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 19

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 20

Pre-Assessment/ Guide Questions

The Artist and His Studio:

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 21

Art Appreciation (HUMN02G) 22

Caslib, B. et al (2018). Art appreciation. Manila: Rex Book Store./ Online

For Wired students:

2. Audio/Video Recording: Any audio/video uploaded or online to which students are

For Non-wired students: