CLASS – 12 SESSION 2024-25

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Name: BABLU PRASAD S P SHARMA SIR
Roll No: 31 Lecturer
Computer Class and Section: 12 C Science

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CERTIFICATE

Certified that the work contained in the project titled

“Flappy Bird” by “BABLU PRASAD” has successfully
completed this project the project work entitled
“Flappy Bird” in the subject of Computer Science class
12 project lead down in the regulations CBSE for the
process of Project Report.

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

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TABLE OF CONTANTS

S.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

2. INTRODUCTION 5

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 6

4. PROPOSED SYSTEM 8

5. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) 10

6. PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCL 11

7. FLOW CHART 21

8. SOURCE CODE 22

9. OUTPUT 26

10. TESTING 27

11. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 30

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY 31

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends
largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take
this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have
been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.
I express deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me
strength for the successful completion of the project.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant
encouragement while carrying out this project.
I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals who
contributed in bringing this project up to this level, who continues to
look after me despite my flaws.
I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary S P SHARMA
SIR who has been continuously motivating and extending their
helping hand to us.
My sincere thanks to S P SHARMA SIR, Master in-charge. A guide,
Mentor all the above a friend, who critically reviewed my project and
helped in solving each and every problem, occurred during
implementation of the project.
The guidance and support received from all the members who
contributed and who are contributing to this project, was vital for
the success of the project. I am grateful for their c constant support
and help

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Introduction of the Project

Flappy Bird is a popular mobile game developed by

Vietnamese programmer Dong Nguyen and released by his
game development company, .GEARS Studios. Launched in
May 2013, the game gained immense popularity in early 2014
due to its simple yet highly addictive gameplay. The objective
of Flappy Bird is straightforward: players control a bird,
navigating it through a series of green pipes without hitting
them. The bird automatically descends, and players must tap
the screen to make it flap its wings and ascend.

The game's minimalist design and retro-style graphics,

reminiscent of classic arcade games, contribute to its charm.
Despite its apparent simplicity, Flappy Bird is notoriously
difficult, requiring precise timing and quick reflexes. Each
successful pass through a pair of pipes scores a point,
challenging players to beat their high scores and those of
others.

Developing a Flappy Bird game project involves creating the

core mechanics of the game, including the bird's movement,
collision detection, and procedural generation of obstacles.
Additionally, implementing score tracking and a user-friendly
interface enhances the gaming experience. The project can be
developed using various game development frameworks and
engines, such as Unity, Godot, or Pygame, providing an
excellent opportunity to practice and improve programming
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and game design skills.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The primary objective of the Flappy Bird game project is to design and
develop a fully functional, engaging, and challenging mobile game that
replicates the mechanics and appeal of the original Flappy Bird. This
project aims to achieve several specific goals:

1. Core Mechanics Implementation: Develop the essential gameplay

elements, including the bird's flapping and falling mechanics,
collision detection with pipes, and the scrolling environment. The
game should be responsive, with smooth and precise controls that
ensure an enjoyable player experience.
2. Obstacle Generation: Implement a system for the procedural
generation of obstacles (pipes) at varying heights and intervals. This
ensures that each playthrough is unique and challenging,
maintaining player interest and replayability.
3. Scoring System: Create a scoring mechanism that accurately tracks
the player's progress. Each successful pass through a pair of pipes
should increment the score, and the highest score should be saved
and displayed to motivate players to improve their performance.
4. User Interface and Experience: Design an intuitive and visually
appealing user interface that includes a start menu, game over
screen, and score display. The interface should be easy to navigate,
providing a seamless and immersive experience for the player.

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5. Sound and Graphics: Incorporate retro-style graphics and sound

effects that enhance the nostalgic feel of the game. The visual and
auditory elements should be cohesive and contribute to the overall
charm of the game.
6. Platform Compatibility: Ensure the game is compatible with
multiple platforms, particularly mobile devices. This involves
optimizing the game's performance for different screen sizes and
resolutions.
7. Testing and Debugging: Conduct thorough testing to identify and
fix any bugs or issues that could affect gameplay. This includes
ensuring that the game runs smoothly without crashes or
performance hiccups.

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PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system for the Flappy Bird game project aims to create a
high- quality, user-friendly, and engaging game that replicates the core
mechanics of the original Flappy Bird while adding potential
enhancements for improved user experience. The system will be developed
using a suitable game development framework, such as Unity or Pygame,
to ensure flexibility, scalability, and compatibility across different
platforms, particularly mobile devices.

Core Features:

1. Game Mechanics: The system will implement the fundamental

gameplay mechanics, including the bird’s flapping motion, gravity
effect, and collision detection with pipes and ground. These
mechanics will be finely tuned to ensure smooth and responsive
controls.
2. Procedural Generation: The pipes will be procedurally generated
at random heights and consistent intervals, ensuring that each
playthrough offers a unique challenge. This will involve developing
an algorithm that creates obstacles dynamically as the game
progresses.
3. Scoring System: A robust scoring system will be integrated,
tracking the player’s score as they successfully navigate through the
pipes. The system will save the highest score achieved, providing
players with a target to beat and enhancing replay value.

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4. User Interface (UI): The UI will be designed to be simple yet

visually appealing, including elements such as the start menu, pause
button, score display, and game over screen. The interface will be
intuitive, allowing players to easily understand and navigate through
the game.
5. Graphics and Sound: The game will feature retro-style pixel art
graphics and simple sound effects to capture the nostalgic essence of
classic arcade games. Attention to detail in the visual and auditory
design will contribute to an immersive gaming experience.
6. Cross-Platform Compatibility: The game will be optimized for
performance across various platforms, particularly Android and iOS
devices. This will include adjustments for different screen sizes and
resolutions to ensure a consistent experience for all players.
7. Testing and Optimization: Rigorous testing will be conducted to
identify and fix any bugs or performance issues. The game will be
optimized to run smoothly, with minimal load times and no crashes,

providing a seamless experience for the player .

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

The systems development life cycle is a project management technique

that divides complex projects into smaller, more easily managed
segments or phases. Segmenting projects allows managers to verify the
successful completion of project phases before allocating resources to
subsequent phases. Software development projects typically include
initiation, planning, design, development, testing, implementation, and
maintenance phases. However, the phases may be divided differently
depending on the organization involved. For example, initial project
activities might be designated as request, requirements-definition, and
planning phases, or initiation, concept-development, and planning
phases. End users of the system under development should be involved in
reviewing the output of each phase to ensure the system is being built to
deliver the needed functionality

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PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

INITIATION PHASE

 The Initiation Phase begins when a business sponsor identifies a need

or an opportunity.
 The purpose of the Initiation Phase is to:
 Identify and validate an opportunity to improve business
accomplishments of the organization or a deficiency related to a
business need.
 Identify significant assumptions and constraints on solutions to that
need.
 Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts and methods to
satisfy the need including questioning the need for technology, i.e.,
will a change in the business process offer a solution?
 Assure executive business and executive technical sponsorship. The
Sponsor designates a Project Manager and the business need is
documented in a Concept Proposal. The Concept Proposal includes
information about the business process and the relationship to the
Agency/Organization.
 Infrastructure and the Strategic Plan:
 A successful Concept Proposal results in a Project Management
Charter which outlines the authority of the project manager to begin
the project.
 Careful oversight is required to ensure projects support strategic
business objectives and resources are effectively implemented into an

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organization's enterprise architecture. The initiation phase begins

when an opportunity to add, improve, or correct a system is identified
and formally requested through the presentation of a business case.
The business case should, at a minimum, describe a proposal’s
purpose, identify expected benefits, and explain how the proposed
system supports one of the organization’s business strategies.
 The business case should also identify alternative solutions and
detail as many informational, functional, and network requirements
as possible.

SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PHASE

 The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need

or opportunity is validated by the Agency/Organization Program
Leadership and the Agency/Organization CIO.
 The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to: 

Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives.

 Identify system interfaces. Identify basic functional and data
requirements to satisfy the business need.
 Establish system boundaries; identify goals, objectives, critical success
factors, and performance measures.
 Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the
basic functional requirements.

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 Assess project risks Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions, and
Develop high-level technical architecture, process models, data
models, and a concept of operations.
 This phase explores potential technical solutions within the context of
the business need.
 It may include several trade-off decisions such as the decision to use
COTS software products as opposed to developing custom software or
reusing software components, or the decision to use an incremental
delivery versus a complete, onetime deployment.
 Construction of executable prototypes is encouraged to evaluate
technology to support
 The System Boundary Document serves as an important reference
document to support the Information Technology Project Request
(ITPR) process. The ITPR must be approved by the State CIO before the
project can move forward.

PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF SDLC:

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PLANNING PHASE
 The planning phase is the most critical step in completing
development, acquisition, and maintenance projects. Careful planning,
particularly in the early stages of a project, is necessary to coordinate
activities and manage project risks effectively. The depth and formality
of project plans should be commensurate with the characteristics and
risks of a given project.
 Project plans refine the information gathered during the initiation
phase by further identifying the specific activities and resources
required to complete a project. A critical part 12 STUDENT NAME S P
SHARMA SIR (TEACHER NAME) of a project manager’s job is to
coordinate discussions between user, audit, security, design,
development, and network personnel to identify and document as
many functional, security, and network requirements as possible.
During this phase, a plan is developed that documents the approach to
be used and includes a discussion of methods, tools, tasks, resources,
project schedules, and user input. Personnel assignments, costs,
project schedule, and target dates are established.
 A Project Management Plan is created with components related to
acquisition planning, configuration management planning, quality
assurance planning, concept of operations, system security,
verification and validation, and systems engineering management
planning.

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REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PHASE

This phase formally defines the detailed functional user requirements

using high-level requirements identified in the Initiation, System Concept,
and Planning phases. It also delineates the requirements in terms of data,
system performance, security, and maintainability requirements for the
system. The requirements are defined in this phase to a level of detail
sufficient for systems design to proceed. They need to be measurable,
testable, and relate to the business need or opportunity identified in the
Initiation Phase. The requirements that will be used to determine
acceptance of the system are captured in the Test and Evaluation Master
Plan.

The purposes of this phase are to:

 Further define and refine the functional and data requirements and
document them in the Requirements Document.
 Complete business process reengineering of the functions to be
supported (i.e., verify 13 STUDENT NAME S P SHARMA SIR (TEACHER
NAME) what information drives the business process, what
information is generated, who generates it, where does the
information go, and who processes it).
 Develop detailed data and process models (system inputs, outputs,
and the process.
 Develop the test and evaluation requirements that will be used to
determine acceptable system performance

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DESIGN PHASE
The design phase involves converting the informational, functional, and
network requirements identified during the initiation and planning phases
into unified design specifications that developers use to script programs
during the development phase. Program designs are constructed in
various ways. Using a top-down approach, designers first identify and link
major program components and interfaces, then expand design layouts
as they identify and link smaller subsystems and connections. Using a
bottom-up approach, designers first identify and link minor program
components and interfaces, then expand design layouts as they identify
and link larger systems and connections.

Contemporary design techniques often use prototyping tools that build

mock-up designs of items such as application screens, database layouts,
and system architectures. End users, designers, developers, database
managers, and network administrators should review and refine the
prototyped designs in an iterative process until they agree on an
acceptable design. Audit, security, and quality assurance personnel
should be involved in the review and approval process. During this phase,
the system is designed to satisfy the functional requirements identified in
the previous phase. Since problems in the design phase could be very
expensive to solve in the later stage of the software development, a
variety of elements are considered in the design to mitigate risk.

These include:

 Identifying potential risks and defining mitigating design features.

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 Performing a security risk assessment. Developing a conversion plan to

migrate current data to the new system.
 Determining the operating environment.
 Defining major subsystems and their inputs and outputs.
 Allocating processes to resources.
 Preparing detailed logic specifications for each software module. The
result is a draft System Design Document which captures the
preliminary design for the system.
 Everything requiring user input or approval is documented and
reviewed by the user.
 Once these documents have been approved by the Agency CIO and
Business Sponsor, the final System Design Document is created to
serve as the Critical/Detailed Design for the system.
 This document receives a rigorous review by Agency technical and
functional representatives to ensure that it satisfies the business
requirements.
 Concurrent with the development of the system design, the Agency
Project Manager begins development of the Implementation Plan,
Operations and Maintenance Manual, and the Training Plan.

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DEVELOPMENT PHASE
The development phase involves converting design specifications into
executable programs. Effective development standards include
requirements that programmers and other project participants discuss
design specifications before programming begins. The procedures help 15
STUDENT NAME S P SHARMA SIR (TEACHER NAME) ensure programmers
clearly understand program designs and functional requirements.
Programmers use various techniques to develop computer programs. The
large transaction oriented programs associated with financial institutions
have traditionally been developed using procedural programming
techniques. Procedural programming involves the line-byline scripting of
logical instructions that are combined to form a program. Effective
completion of the previous stages is a key factor in the success of the
Development phase.

The Development phase consists of:

 Translating the detailed requirements and design into system

components.
 Testing individual elements (units) for usability.
 Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.

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INTEGRATION AND TEST PHASE

Subsystem integration, system, security, and user acceptance testing is
conducted during the integration and test phase. The user, with those
responsible for quality assurance, validates that the functional
requirements, as defined in the functional requirements document, are
satisfied by the developed or modified system. OIT Security staff assesses
the system security and issue a security certification and accreditation
prior to installation/implementation

Multiple levels of testing are performed, including:

 Testing at the development facility by the contractor and possibly

supported by end users
 Testing as a deployed system with end users working together with
contract personnel Operational testing by the end user alone
performing all functions.
 Requirements are traced throughout testing, a final Independent
Verification & 16 STUDENT NAME S P SHARMA SIR (TEACHER NAME)
Validation evaluation is performed and all documentation is reviewed
and accepted prior to acceptance of the system.

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IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by
the user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended
business functions. System performance is compared to performance
objectives established during the planning phase. Implementation
includes user notification, user training, installation of hardware,
installation of software onto production computers, and integration of
the system into daily work processes. This phase continues until the
system is operating in production in accordance with the defined user
requirements

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PHASE

The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued
performance in accordance with user requirements and needed system
modifications are incorporated. Operations continue as long as the
system can be effectively adapted to respond to the organization’s needs.
When modifications or changes are identified, the system may reenter
the planning phase.

The purpose of this phase is to:

 Operate, maintain, and enhance the system.
 Certify that the system can process sensitive information.
 Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional
requirements continue to be satisfied.
 Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or
retired.

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FLOW CHART

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SOURCE CODE
import pygame
import
random
import sys

pygame.init()

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800,
600)) pygame.display.set_caption("FLAPPY
BIRDS")

# BIRD
x = 200
y = 300
jump = 0
speed = 0.5

def draw_circle(x, y):

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0), (x, y), 30)
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# PIPES
pipe1 = [800, 0, 50, random.randint(20, 250)]
pipe2 = [400, 0, 50, random.randint(50, 250)]
Pipes = [pipe1, pipe2]

def
draw_pipes(pipe):
# Draw top pipe
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 255, 0), (pipe[0], pipe[1],
pipe[2], pipe[3]))
# Draw bottom pipe
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 255, 0), (pipe[0], 150 +
pipe[3], pipe[2], 450 - pipe[3]))

score = 0

running =
True while
running:
screen.fill((120, 120, 255))

for event in pygame.event.get():

if event.type ==
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pygame.QUIT:
running = False

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pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type ==
pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key
== pygame.K_SPACE:
jump = 1
if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.key ==
pygame.K_SPACE: jump = 0

# BIRD MOVEMENT
draw_circle(x, y)
if jump == 1:
y -= 3
else:
y += speed

# PIPE MOVEMENT
for i in Pipes:
draw_pipes(i)
i[0] -= 3
if i[0] < 0:

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i[0] = 800

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i[3] = random.randint(50, 250)

# GAME OVER AND SCORE

for i in Pipes:
if i[0] == 200:
if y <= i[3] or y >= 150 + i[3]:
print("GAME OVER")
running = False
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
else:
score += 1
print(score)

clock.tick(30)
pygame.display.update()

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OUTPUT

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TESTING
Software Testing is an empirical investigation conducted to provide With
Information about the quality of the product or service under test
stakeholders a with respect to the context which it is intended to operate.
Software Testing also provides an objective, independent view of the
software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks at
implementation of the software. Test techniques include, but are not
limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the
intent of finding software bugs. It can also be stated as the process of
validating and verifying that a software program/application/product
meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and
development, so that it works as expected and can be implemented with
the same characteristics. Software Testing, depending on the testing
method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development
process, however the most test effort is employed after the requirements
have been defined and coding process has been completed.

TESTING METHODS

Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box testing.
These one approaches are used to describe the point of view that a test
engineer takes when designing test cases.

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BLACK BOX TESTING

Black box testing treats the software as a "black box, without any
knowledge of internal implementation. Black box testing methods
include: equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, all-pairs
testing, fuzz testing, model- 19 STUDENT NAME S P SHARMA SIR
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based testing, traceability matrix, exploratory testing and specification-
based testing.

SPECIFICATION-BASED TESTING

Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software

according to the applicable requirements. Thus, the tester inputs data
into, and only sees the output from the test object. This level of testing
usually requires through test cases to be provided to the tester, who they
test that for a given input. The output value (or behaviour), either RUUPE
value specified in the test case. Specification-based testing is necessary,
but it is insufficient to guard against certain risks.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's
perception is very simple: a code must have bugs using the principle. "Ask
and you shall receive." black box testers find bugs where programmers
don't. But, on the other hand, black box testing has been said to be like a
walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight, because the tester doesn't
know how the software being tested was actually constructed. That's why
there are situations when (1) a black box tester writes many test cases to
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check something that can be tested by only one test case, and/or (2)
some

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parts of the back end are not tested at all. Therefore, black box testing
has the advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion," on the one hand, and the
disadvantage of "blind exploring," on the other.

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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Recommended System Requirements:

Processors: Intel® Core™ i3 processor 4300M at 2.60 GHz.
RAM: 2 to 4 GB.
Operating systems: Windows® 10, MACOS, and UBUNTU.
Python Versions: 3.10.2 or Higher.
With mysql.connector module
installed MYSQL Versions: 8.0.28 or
Higher.

Minimum System Requirements

Processors: Intel Atom® processor or Intel®
Core™ i3 processor. Disk space: 512 GB to 1TB.
Operating systems: Windows 8 or later, MACOS, and
UBUNTU. Python Versions: 2.7.X, 3.6.X

Prerequisites before installing MySQL Connector Python

You need root or administrator privileges to perform the installation
process. Python must be installed on your machine.
Note: – MySQL Connector Python requires python to be in the system’s
PATH. Installation fails if it doesn’t find Python.
On Windows, If Python doesn’t exist in the system’s PATH,
Please manually add the directory containing python.exe yourself

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. python.org
2. S P SHARMA CLASSES App and Website
3. S P SHARMA CLASSES YouTube
4. Our Subject Teacher S P Sharma Sir
5. Preeti Arora and Sumita Arora python class 12 Book
6. LearnPython.org
7. Google

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