M44 67 51 Eng

9,~0 9'~/l 'i /Jt-f.
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, MINES AND RESOURCES

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
OF CANADA
CANADA
PAPER 67-51
ROCKS AND MINERALS FOR THE COLLECTOR
Kingston, Ontario to Lac St-Jean, Quebec
Ann P. Sabina
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, MINES AND RESOURCES

@ Crown Copyrights reserved
Available by mail from the Queen's Printer, Ottawa,
from Geological Survey of Canada,

601 Booth St., Ottawa,
and at the followin$ Canadian Government bookshops:
HALIFAX
1735 Barrington Street
MONTREAL
/Eterna-Vie Building, 1182 St. Catherine St. West
OTTAWA
Daly Building, corner Mackenzie and Rideau
TORONTO
221 Yonge Street
WINNIPEG
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VANCOUVER
657 Granville Street
or through your bookseller
Price $2.00 Catalogue No. M44-67-51
Price subject to change without notice
ROGER DUHAMEL, F.R.S.C .

Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery
Ottawa, Canada
1968
- iii -
Plate I. Mont St-Hilaire quarry, (GSC 135741)

- v -
CONTENTS
Page
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Introduction . ... . .. . ........ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A brief geological history . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Collecting along the route 3
Section 1: Kingston - Island of Montreal
Kingston township quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

McFarland quarry .. . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Road-cuts, mile 5. 1 to 5. 2, Highway 38... . ... . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Road-cuts, mile 5.8, Highway 3 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Limestone quarry, west of Highway 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Freebern mica mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Mobey (Burnham) mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Enterprise mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Sand Road (Card) quarry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Dwyer brucite occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Westport Road occurrences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Road- cuts at mile 2. 8, Westport Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Kingston (Bedford) mica mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Richardson feldspar mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Glendower iron mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Road-cut at mile 6. 8, Westport Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Hickey-Murphy lead mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Road-cuts at mile 10 . 4, Westport Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
McLaren phosphate mine. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Long Lake blue calcite occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Long Lake zinc mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Gabbro quarry.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Road- cut on Highway 38 at mile 35. 8...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Eagle Lake (Blessington) mine . ...... .. ....... . .. ......... ... .. 21
Sharbot Lake road-cuts on Highway 38, mile 45 . 1 to mile 45. 2 . . . 22
Road-cut on Highway 38 , at mile 46. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Frontenac Quarries Limited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Frontenac (Frontenac Draper Lake) lead mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Lacey mica mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Stones s mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Matthews mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Feldsp ar quarry on Kingston-Westport-Perth Road, mile 40 .9.... 29
Timmins mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Silver Queen mines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Baby mine.... . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 31
Rog ers mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Byrnes mine .. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Hanlon mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Olympus mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Pike Lake mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
- vi -
CONTENTS (cont . )
Pag e
Boyce m i ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
McLar e n mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Perthite occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Globe graphite mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fourni e r mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
McGinnis & O'Connor quarry.... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .. . 41
Griffin Brothers quarry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Road-cuts at mile 23 . 5, Highway 15 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 42
Black R a pids, Higley Lake quartz crystal d e posits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Road-cuts on Highw ay 15, mil e s 27 . 0 and 27 . 1. . .... . .. . ........ 45
Road-cuts on Highway 15, mile s 27 . 25 and 27. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Road-cuts on Highway 15, mile 28. 1 to mile 28 . 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Road-cut on Highway 15, at mile 32 . 3........ . ... . ........ . .... 46
Road-cut on Highway 15 , at mile 42 . 1....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Road-cuts on Highway 15, at mil e 42 . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 46
Road - cuts on Highw ay 15, at mile 47. 8 ...... . . .... ... .... . .. ... 47
Marble Rock quart z mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Alternat e route to Marbl e Rock quar tz crystal mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Mile 41 . 7, Road-cuts bot h sides of Hi g hway 2 ... . . ....... .. ... .. 48
Quarry off Highway 29 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Permanent concrete quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Fetterly's quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Mc Far land's Iroquois quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
McFarland's Williamsbur g quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Silvertone marble qu a rry._. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Meloche quarry (Cote au Landing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Paul Viau quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Melochville quarries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Rivermont quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Goyer quarry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Dulude quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Mont St-Hilaire quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Section 2: Island of Montr e al-Lac St-Jean
Meloche (Kirkland) quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 60

Oka Rar e Metals mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. 61
St. Lawr ence Columbium & Metals Corpor a tion mine . . . . . . ... ... 62
Quebec Columbium property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. 62
Dufresne property (Que bec Columbium Manny Zone ) . . . . . . . ... ... 64
St - Eustache quarry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . 65
Francon quarry .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 67
Miron quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 68
St - Vincent -de -Paul quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . 68
Cap-St-Martin quarri e s... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... .. ....... . ...... 69
Terrebonne quarry... .. .. . ... .. . . ........ . .. . ......... . . . .... 70
St-Lin fossil locality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . 70
Road-cut on Highway 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . 71
Dor win Falls occurr e nce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . 71
Garnet occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 72
- vii -
CONTENTS (cont . )
Page
Manchester Falls occurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Road-cuts, miles 49. 4 to 49. 5 on Highway 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Road-cuts, mile 50. 2 on Highway 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Road-cuts, miles 50. 9 to 51. 2 and 54. 1 to 55 . 8 on Highway 42. . .. 74
Road-cuts, miles 59. 3 to 63. 2, on Highway 42.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Montreal-East quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Domtar Joliette quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Joliette quarry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Road-cuts on Highway 43, miles 59. 5 to 59 . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Superior silica mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Maisonneuve mine.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 78
St-Barthelemy quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Les Forges de St-Maurice ....... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
St-Maurice quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Shawinigan-Sud quarry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Shawinigan and St-Maurice quarries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Grand'Mere quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Black Creek bog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Ste-Thecle marble quarry................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 85
Lac -a-Baude allanite occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Red Mill ochre deposit. . ...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
St-Marc -des -Carrieres quarries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Tetreault mine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Montauban mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Portneuf molybdenite occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Cap-Sante fossil occurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Riviere -a-Pierre quarries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Neuville quarry and shoreline exposures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Verreault quarry.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . ..... 93
Baie-St-Paul lead occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
St-Urbain titanium mines......... .. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Lac du Pied-des -Monts mine..... ...... . . . . . . . . . .. .... .... .. .. 97
Escoumins peat bog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 99
McGie mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Simard mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Charlesbourg West limestone quarri e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Chemin du Pont Arvida road-cut... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Aluminum Company of Canada....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 104
Chicoutimi North quarry.. . . . . . . . . . . .. .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Plourde et Plourde Ste -Anne quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Pie quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Bagotvill e peat bog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
National Granite St-Gedeon quarry.................. . . . . . . . . . . . 108
National Granite Ile d'Alma quarry................... . ......... 108
St-Charles titanium deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Lac a la Mere (a la Mine) mica mine . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . ... 110
Peribonka black granite quarries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Les Calcites du Nord quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Bernier quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Roberval quarries . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
- viii -
CONTENTS ( c ont . )
Page
V a l --Jalbe rt fossil occurrenc e . . . . . .. ...... ....... .. . .. . . . 114

Lac Bouc he tte quar t z mine . . . . . . . . ... .. ... ... .... ..... . . . 115
Road-cuts at mile s 25 3.3 and 25 3 . 9 , Highw ay 55.... ..... . . . 115
D e sbiens quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. ... . ...... ..... . . . 116
Address e s for m a ps, r e ports ,. . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 117
Mine ral, rock displays. .. . . .. . . . ... .... .. . ........... . ..... 118
Publi c ations for collec tors , tourists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9
Refer e nces to geologic al reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Glos s ary . .. . . . . . ....... . .... ... .... .. . . .... ... ........ . ... 128
Table of elements.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Inde x of mine rals and ro cks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Tabl e 1. Geological history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2: - - - - - -
Illustrations
Figur e 1. Map sho w i n g colle cting route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
Maps 1. Kingston a r e a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 4

2. Perth ar e a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 28
3. Black Rapids -Higle y Lake quartz c rystal
o c curr e nce s........ . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 43
4. Lac a Baude allanite occurrence... . . . . . . . . . . .... 84
5. St-Urbain ar e a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 95
6. Lac du Pied - des -Monts mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 98
7. M cG ie mine , Simard min e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 1O1
Plat e s I. Mont St-Hila ire quarry .... . .... . ... . .. ... . .. ... frontispi e ce
II. Cavity lined with calcite crystals in Black Riv e r
limestone, Highway 38 road-cut at mile 5. 8. .. .. 8
III. P e rthite show ing microcline (dark) and plag io-
clas e (light) inter gro w ths , P e rth ar e a . . . . . . . . . . 37
IV. Calcite-filled coral c olonies, McFarland's
quarry, Williamsburg. . . . .... . . . ......... ... .. 50
v. Side rite crystals on albite , Mont St-Hilaire
quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
VI. A c mite cr y stals in albite, microcline ,
Mont St-Hilaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
VII. Aegirine, pyrochlor e and chlorite in calcite rock,
St. Lawr ence Columbium & Metals mine, Oka . . . 63
- ix -
CONTENTS (cont . )
Page
Plates VIII . Garnets in quartzite, in road-cut near Rawdon . . . . . 72

IX. Pe gmatite outc rop along road and hill-side,
Maisonneuve mine , St-Miche l-de s - Saints..... . .... 78
X . Pit at Bignell mine , St-Urbain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
XI. Spherulitic calcite growths , Plourde e t Plourde
quarry , Chicoutimi-Nord.......... .. .... . ... .. .. 105
XII. Cavity in limestone lined with chalcedony and
quartz crystals, Plourde et Plourde quarry
Chicoutimi-Nord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
XIII . L e s Calcites du Nord quarry, St - Eugene . . . . . . . . . . . 111
XIV. Graptolite - bearing shale exposur e s, Ouiatchouan
River, Val- Jalb e rt............ . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
- xi -
ABSTRACT
Occurrences of minerals, rocks and fossils are described from

about one hundred and forty easily accessible localities between Kingston,
Ontario and the Lac St-Jean area in Quebec. All localities are on the north
side of the St. Lawrence River except for a few in the Montreal area. The
occurrences furnish a wide variety of spe c imen material but very little
material suitable for lapidary purposes.
In the Kingston-Perth area there are numerous formerly-worked

apatite, mica and feldspar mines as well as some lead-zinc, iron and graph-
ite mines. Good specimens including crystal-specimens and uncommon min-
erals are available from many of these localities . Minerals suitable for lap-
idary purposes include: wilsonite, perthite and peristerite, but good quality
material is not abundant . Fossils are common in quarries and road - cuts in
the Kingston area.
Many uncommon and/or rare minerals are reportedfrom d_~posits

at Oka, Montreal Island, Mont St-Hilaire and Mont St-Bruno. Between
Montreal and Lac St-Jean, there are numerous fossil-bearing limestone
quarries and other quarries where rocks suitable for ornamental purposes
may be obtained. The ornamental-type rocks include marble from Ste -
Thecle, granite from Riviere-a-Pierre and Alma, and anorthosite from the
Lac St-Jean area. The lead-zinc mines at Montauban , the titanium mines at
St-Urbain, and the mica feldspar mines at Lac du Pied-des -Monts and Lac
Charlotte provide additional localities for specimen material.
- Xii -
-J
--jlf--------~y---/-----/it--77 48°
Mai n rout es. Sec tions
I and 2.
. . ..- . . . . . _ _.
Prin cipa l side trips rib ed
Part of colle cting rout e desc
. ... - , __ ..,
in GSC Paper 66-51.
,
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- ~~~~~-t-~~~_::_:_:,f-~fJF-
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win g col lec tin g rou tes

Fig ure 1. Ind ex ma p sho
ROCKS AND MINERALS FOR THE COLLECTOR:
KINGSTON, ONTARIO TO LAC ST-JEAN, QUEBEC
INT ROD UC TION
This booklet describes mineral, rock and fossil localities between

Kingston, Ontario and Lac St-Jean, Quebec. Except for a few lo c alities on
the south side of Montreal, a ll collecting sites are along the north shore of
the St. Lawrence River. Thi s publication supplements Geological Survey of
Canada Paper 66-5 1 which describes occurrences south of the St. Lawrence
River.
Most localitie s are easily accessible from main highways and side
roads, but to reach some a hike of about a mile may be required. A boat is
needed to visit a few of the localities. Directions to reach each of the occur -
rences are given in the text and are designed for use with official provincial
road maps. Throughout the text the spellings of place names are those used
on these maps. Locality' maps are included where deposits may be difficult
to find. Additional detailed information can be obtained from the appropriate
topographic and geological maps listed for each locality . These maps are
available from the agencies listed on page 117.
Many of the old mines have not been worked for many years so
that entering shafts, tunnels and other workings is dangerous . Some of the
lo calities are on private property and the fact that they are li sted in this
booklet do es not imply permission to visit them. Please respect the rights
of property owners at all times.
The localities were visited during the summer of 1966 by the

author ably assisted by Miss Donna Daniels. The field investi~ation was
facilitated by information received from Dr . Gaston Pouliot, Ecole
Polytechnique, Montreal and Dr. Mousseau Tremblay , Soquem, Quebec. The
laboratory identification of minerals by X-ray diffraction was performed by
R. N. Del abio, Geological Survey of Canada. Their assistance is gratefully
acknowledged.
A BRIEF GEOLOGICAL HISTORY
The colle cting area comprises two geological regions - the

Canadian Shi e ld and the St . Lawrence Lowlands. Th e former is an immense
body oi Precambrian rocks occupying over half of Canada and part of the
n orthern United States. The St. Lawrence Lowlands is a flat region of
unfolded Palaeozoic rocks extending from the Thousand Islands of Ontario to
Quebec City.
D uring Precambrian time there were repeated cycles of inunda-
tion, sedimentation, mountain building, intrusion and eros ion producing a
variety of igneous, metamorphic and volcanic ro cks. The rock formations of
this era contain deposits of mica, feldspar, apatite, lead, zinc, marble,
granite and anorthosite.
Manuscript received: September 8, 1967.

TABLE I.
AGE PERIOD ROCKS FORMED

(Millions of years)
ERA WHERE TO SEE THEM
Gravel , sand, clay Stream beds, l akes, gravel pits thr oughout area .
Peat Les E scoumins; Bagotville bogs.

Quaternar y
Ochr e Red Mill iron bog.
Cenozoic
Bog iron Shawinigan a r ea.
Nepheline syenite Mont St-Hilaire.

Tertiary
Igneous dykes, sills Mont St-Bruno; Francon, Mir on quarries.
60
Mesozoic Not r epresented
230
Permian
Pennsylvanian}
Mississippian Not represente d
D evonian
Silurian
Palaeozoic L imestone Quarries at Kingston, Montreal area, St-Marc, S t - Bar thelemy,
J oliette, Neuville, Quebec City area, Roberval.
Ordovician 1:-.J
Shale Val-Jalbert, Cap-Sante" graptolite localities.
Dolomite Brockville a r ea quarries.
Cambrian Sandstone Kings t o n a r ea ; Melochville.

600
Crystalline limestone Road-cuts at Morton, on Westport Road; Long Lake zinc mine;
Globe graphite mine; Ste-Thecle quar r y.
Pegmatite Kingston area feldspar mines; Maisonneuve, McGie mines ,

L ac du Pied-des-Monts mine; Superior silica mine.
Granite Quarries at Riviere -a-Pierre, Ile d 1 Alma, Rob erval.
Pyroxenite Mica-ap atite mines in Kingston , P e r th areas.

Precambrian
Ano r thosite Matthews mine; St-Ge'de'On, Per ibonka quar r ies ; ro ad - cuts along
Highway SS, Hebertville to Pe'r ibonka.
Quartz-biotite gneiss Quarries in Shawinigan, Grand 1 ME:re a r ea .
G a rnet - s ill imanite gneiss Rawdon a r ea.
Quart zite Rawdon area.

- 3 -
At the close of the Precambrian era, a long period of erosion

reduced the Shield to a nearly featureless plain and set the stage for uplift,
inundation and d e position that took place during the long Palaeozoic era that
followed. Great thicknesses of sediments were d e posited by Palaeozoic seas
over much of the Shield particularly along its margins including the St.
Lawrence Lo wlands where the accumulated sediments still remain. These
sedimentary rocks furnish building and structural material and provide
numerous fossil localities .
In more recent times - during the Pleistocene Period - great ice

sheets spread southwards across the Shi e ld and the lowlands scouring out the
landscape as we know it today and leaving behind accumulations of sand,
gravel and till. As the ice withdrew from the St. Law rence Lo w lands ,
marine waters flooded the region forming the Champlain Sea which, when it
retr eated, left unc onsolidate d deposits of c lay and sand over the P a laeozoi c
strata. Other deposits of recent times inc lude beach sands, stream detritus
and peat bogs.
The geological history, w ith examples of rocks form e d, is sum-

marized in Table 1 .
COLLECTING ALONG THE ROUTE
The route, as shown on Figure 1, is divided into two sections:

(1) Kingston to Montreal Isla nd via Highway 2; (2) Montreal Island to Lac
St-Jean via Highways 2, 54 and 55. The re are several side trips l eading
from these main routes.
Information on each locality is systematically listed as follows:

mileag e along the highways starting a t the beginning of each section; name of
the locality or deposit; minerals or rocks of interest to the c olle ct or shown
in capital l etters; mode of occurrence ; brief notes on the locality w ith specific
features of interes t to the c ollector; location and access; referenc es to othe r
publications indicated by a number and listed at the end of the booklet ; ref-
e rences to maps of the N a tional Topo g raphic System (T), and to geological
maps (G) of the Geologi cal Survey of Canada , the Ontario Departme nt of
Mines , and the Quebec Department of Natural Resou rces (s cal e 1 inch to 1
mile unless note d otherwise).
- 4 -
Mineral occurrence . . .X Mine or quarry.
Map 1. Kingston Area. 1. McFarland quarry; 2. Kingston township quarry;

3. Frontenac quarry; 4. McGinnis & .O'Connor quarry; 5. Limestone
quarry; 6. Sand road quarry; 7. Mobey mine; 8. Freebern mine;
9. Lacey mine; 10. Frontenac lead mine; 11. Enterprise mine;
12. Dwyer brucite occurrence; 13 . Glendower mine; 14. Kingston
mica mine; 15. Richardson mine; 16. Stoness mine; 17. Hickey-
Murphy mine; 18. Long Lake zinc mine; 19. Eagle Lake mine;
2!). McLaren phosphate mine
- 5 -
SECTION
K INGSTON - ISLAND OF MONTREAL
Mile 0. 0 K ingston, at traff i c circle (junction Highways 2 and 33 ). The

main road l og proceeds east a l ong Highway 2 (Princess
Street) , from which there will be numerous side trips.
Log for side trip along Highway 38 from Kingston to Sharbot

Lake (occurrences described in text following the log are
unde r lined) :
Mil e 0.0 Traffic circle; proceed west a l ong Highway 2.
2.0 Junction (on right ) Sydenham Road; continue a l ong Highway 2 .
3.5 Junction Highway 38; turn righ t onto No . 38.
5. 1 Junction 4th Concession road to Kingston township quarry

and Mc F arland quarry.
5. 1
to Road-cuts on both sides of highway.
5.2
5. 2 Turn-off (right ) to Highway 40 1 .
5.8 Road -cuts on both sides of highway.
6.2 Junction Cordukes Road.
12 . 9 Junction (on l eft) road to Lime stone quarry.
13. 1 Junction ( on left) Yarker Road.
15. 9 Harrowsmith; j u nct i on (on r ight) Sydenham Road to Freebern

mica mine.
18.4 Harti ngton; junction (on rig h t ) Holleford Road to Mo bey mine.
21. 4 J unction (on left) Bellrock Road to Enterprise m i ne.
21. 5 Verona; junction (on left ) S and R oad to Sand Road quarry .
24 . 8 Piccadilly, at junction OakFl ats Road to D wye r brucite

occur rence.
26 . 2 Godfrey; junction ( on right) W estport Road to localities

between Godfrey and W estport (see page 13).
35. 1 Parh am; junction (on l eft) L o n g Lake Road to L ong Lake blue
calcite occurrence, Long Lake zinc mine and Gabbro quarry.
35. 8 Road -cut on right.

- 6 -
Mile 37. 3 Tichborne, at railway crossing.
39 . 1 Turn-off (left) to G. H. Somerville farm and Eagle Lake mine.
39.7 Junction Camp Oconto Road on left.
45. 1
to Sharbot Lake; road-cuts on both sides of highway.
45. z
46.Z Road-cut on left.
47 . 4 Junction Highway 7.
Kingston Township Quarry
CALCITE, CELESTITE, PYRITE, HYDROCARBON, FOSSILS.
In limestone.
Colourless to greyish white transparent crystal aggregates of calcite are

common. Colourless to white radiating fibres of celestite occur on colour -
less calcite crystals (dogtooth spar) that line cavities about an inch across.
Pyrite forms irregular veinlets and patches in the limestone, and a black
lustrous hydrocarbon fills tiny cavities in limestone and calcite. The lime -
stone is dense, dark grey and fine grained; it weathers to a light grey colour.
Fossils are abundant in some of the beds; brachiopods measuring 3/4 inch
across, colonial corals (up to 5 inches long), and worm burrows were found.
The limestone is known geologically as the Black River Limestone and is of

Ordovician age; it is exposed by many road-cuts and quarries in the Kingston
area . Among the fossils identified from this limestone are: corals, crinoids,
bryozoans, brachiopods, pelecypods, gastropods, cephalopods, trilobites and
ostracods. It is durable and attractive as a building stone and was so widely
used for this purpose that Kingston has been referred to as the 'Limestone
City'. Examples of its use as a building stone in Kingston are: the Post
Office, City Hall, several Queen's University buildings, the Penitentiary
buildings (some dating back to 1831 ) and numerous other public buildings and
private residences. It is no longer used as a building stone but is quarried
for road metal.
Road log from Highway 38, at mile 5. 1:
Mile 0.0 Turn right (east) onto 4th Concession road.
0. 05 Junction; turn left.
0.15 Entrance to quarry.
Refs.: ZO pp. 87-89; ~pp. Z5-Z6; ~pp. 45-46.
Maps (T): 3 1 C / 7E Sydenham.

(G): Z5E south part of Frontenac County, eastern Ontario (Ont.
Dept. Mines).
- 7 -
McFarland Quarry
CALCITE, FOSSILS.
In limestone.
Massive white and pinkish white calcite occurs in veins about 3/4 inch wide in
the limestone. Fossils, including colonial corals, horn corals, and worm
burrows, are abundant. The limestone belongs to the Black River Group and
is quarried by H. S. McFarland Construction Company Limited .
Road log from Highway 38 at mile 5. 1:
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west) onto 4th Concession road.
0. 2 Quarry on right.
Maps (T): 31 CI 7E Sydenham.

(G): 25E south part of Frontenac County, eastern Ontario (Ont.
Dept . Mines).
Road-cuts, mile 5. 1 to 5. 2, Highway 38
CALCITE, CHERT, FOSSILS.
In limestone.
The exposures on both sides of the highway are similar to the McFarland
quarry. Colonial and horn corals are particularly abundant in the exposure
on the west side of the highway. Chert occurs in the limestone as dull black
irregular masses (1 inch to 3 inches across) with conchoidal fracture.
Other exposures of fossil-bearing Black River Limestone can be observed

along Highway 401 between the Highway 38 and Highway 15 overpasses.
Maps (T): 31 C/7E Sydenham.

Dept. Mines).
Road-cuts, mile 5.8, Highway 38 (Plate II)
GYPSUM, ANHYDRITE, CALCITE, FOSSILS.
In limestone.
Snow-white, finely granular gypsum and colourless to white platy aggregates

of anhydrite occur in cavities in limestone or, more commonly, in associa-
tion with coarsely crystalline pink to white calcite in cavities measuring
about 9 inches across. Tiny pyrite crystals are studded on colourless calcite
crystals (dogtooth spar). The limestone, which belongs to the Black River
Group, is moderately fossiliferous.
- 8 -
Plate II. Cavity lined with calcite crystals iµ Black River Limestone,
Highway 38 road-cut at mile 5.8. (GSC 13874)
l 2''8-ftS"
Dept . Mines).
Limestone Quarry, west of Highway 38
CELESTITE, CALCITE, PYRITE, FOSSILS.
In Black River Limestone.
Celestite occurs commonly as colourless to snow-white, transparent, par -

allel or radiating tabular aggregates in limestone forming masses that
measure up to 6 inches across, and as acicular topJJatypatches on pink to
- 9 -
white calcite which occupy veins about an inch wide. Tiny pyrite crystals are
found sparingly on colourless crystals. Fossils (Black River species) are
present but are not common.
Access to the quarry is by a side road (0. 1 mile long) which leads west from
Highway 38 at mile 12. 9.

(G): 2053 Madoc area (Ont. Dept. Mines, 1 inch to 2 miles).
Freebern Mica Mine
MICA, APATITE, PYRITE, CALCITE, PYROXENE.
In veins cutting pyroxenite .
Specimens of light-amber mica from this deposit were awarded a gold medal
at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. Green and, less commonly, red apatite,
pyrite, pink calcite and dark green pyroxene crystals are associated with the
mica.
The deposit was worked from 1897to 1907 from four pits, the largest measur-
ing 30 feet by 20 feet and 64 feet deep. Twenty-five thousand dollars worthof
mica was recovered.
Mile 0.0 Harrowsmith; turn right (east) onto Sydenham Road.
2.3 Junction gravel road; turn left.
3.2 Crossroad; continue straight ahead.
3.9 Junction; turn right.
5.0 Junction; turn left.
5.6 Gate on left. From this point, a trail leads west along the
base of the hill to the mine (just north of an old shack).
Ref.: ~P· 144.

(G): 2054 Gananoque area, Ontario (Ont. Dept. Mines, 1 inch to
2 miles).
Mobey (Burnham) Mine
PE RIST ERIT E.
In feldspar dyke cutting crystalline limestone.

- 10 -
The peristerite is white with a blue play of colour and is suitable for lapidary
purposes. It is associated with pink feldspar, calcite and quartz. The dyke
cuts Precambrian crystalline limestone. It ..).a s worked by a small pit from
1922 to 1925. Specimens of peristerite can be found in small quantities inthe
scattered piles of rock near the pit. )
The deposit is on Mr. Syd Mobey's farm, about 500 yards north of the farm-
house. //
Road log from Highway 38 at Hartink ton (mile 18. 4):
Mile 0. 0 Turn right (east) onto the H 1 lleford road.
\
1. 1 Junction, turn l eft.
1. 9 Junction, turn right.
3. 1 Junction, turn left.
4.0 Holleford at junction; turn le£~\\

\
4.8 s. Mabey farmhouse (end of roa°'d).
Ref.: ~P· 39. \
Maps (T) : 31 CI 7E Sydenham.

Enterprise Mine
PYRlTE, PYRRHOTITE, MOLYBDENITE, MICA, PYROXENE, CALCITE,

APATITE, TALC, HORNBLENDE, SERPENTINE, SCAPOLITE, GYPSUM,
HEXAHYDRITE, JAROSITE, COPIAPITE, ROZENITE, FIBROFERRITE.
In crystalline limestone.
Massive pyrite and pyrrhotite are the most common minerals at this locality.
They are associated with salmon pink to white massive calcite containing:
molybdenite; amber mica; massive, green pyroxene; transparent, greenish
yellow, granular apatite; light green, massive talc; hornblende, as crystals
and in massive form; translucent green serpentine; and, light green to
brownish green scapolite crystals about an inch across. White powdery and
colourless crystalline gypsum occurs as encrustations on pyrite and pyrrho-
tite. Hexahydrite forms snow-white globular aggregates and is associated
sparingly with gypsum on the sulphides. Rust coloured, powdery, and dull
green, massive jarosite forms irregular coatings on the pyrite-pyrrhotite
assemblages. Secondar y iron sulphates formed by the oxidation of pyrite are:
copiapite, as sulphur -yellow to orange -yellow very fine granular to
cauliflower -like encrustations on pyrite ; rozenite , as white, yellowish white
or, less commonly, colourless loose granular to globular masses also on
pyrite; fibroferrite, as silky white, fine-fibrous and radiating fibrous aggre-
gates on rozenite and copiapite. Copiapite and rozenite are very common on
the exposure on the north wall of the pit; fibroferrite is less common.
- 11 -
The deposit was· opened about 60 years ago as a source for sulphur. It was
then known as the Foley prospect. A pit, 80 feet by 40 feet, and a small
dump can now be seen on the property.
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west ) onto the Bellrock Road.
0. 05 Road-cut on right exposes crystalline limestone containing

small amounts of mica, pyrite, serpentine, graphite, and
tremolite.
9.4 Turn right at signpost "County Road 14 11 •
10 . 8 Junction; turn right.
11. 1 Junction; turn left onto road to Sixth Lake.
12. 4 Fork; bear left.
14. 7 Turn-off (right) to mine. The pit is in the woods about 20

yards from the road.
Ref.: 74p .71.
Maps (T): 31 C/lOW Tichborne.

(G): 2053 Madoc area (Ont . Dept. Mines, 1 inch to 2 miles).
Sand Road (Card) Quarr y
TOURMALINE, HORNBLENDE, QUARTZ (CRYSTALS), MICA, PYRITE,

FERGUSONITE, FELDSPAR.
In pegmatite dyke cutting gneiss.
Tourmaline occurs as coal-black masses, and as large crystal aggregates.

Hornblende, as black crystals and in massive form, is common. Trans-
parent to translucent quartz crystals (up to 1/2 inch across) are associated
with massive quartz and feldspar. Tiny books of light amber and black mica,
crystalline patches of pyrite, and brownish black massive fergusonite with
resinous lustr e occur in the feldspar which varies from light pink to salmon
pink and greenish white.
The deposit was worked for feldspar about 50 years ago. The quarry is
wate r -filled but specimens are available from a small dump at the side of
Sand Road.
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west) onto Sand Road.

2. 1 Junction; continue straight ahead .
2. 25 Dump on right. The quarry is in the meadow about 50 yards
north of fhe dump.
- 12 -
Refs.: ~pp. 17-18;~p.40.
Maps (T}: 31 C/7W Sydenham.

Dwyer Brucite Occurrence
BRUCITE, SERPENTINE, GRAPHITE.
Brucite occurs as colourless to greenish grey, irregular granules up to 1/4

inch across; when weathered it becomes chalk white and, because it is more
resistant than the enclosing limestone, it stands in relief and can readily be
recognized. Tiny flakes of graphite and very small orange -yellow grains of
serpentine are sparingly disseminated in the limestone.
The deposit was exposed by a few pits and trenches by the Consolidated
Mining and Smelting Company, Limited (now Cominco) in 1940. This was the
fir st discovery of brucite in this part of Ontario. The deposit proved to be
too small and too low a grade for further exploitation. The openings are now
partly overgrown and specimens are not plentiful.
Road log from Highway 38 at Piccadilly (mile 24. 8):
Mile 0.0 Turn left (we st) onto the Oak Flats Road.
3. 0 Junction; continue straight ahead.
6. 9 Junction; continue straight ahead .
8. 0 Junction; turn right.
10. 4 End of road at Dwyer farmhouse. The occurrence is about

300 yards north-northwest of the barn .
Ref.: ~pp. 42-45.
Maps (T): 31 C/lOW Tichborne.

(G): 1947-5 Olden-Bedford area, County of Frontenac, Ontario
(Ont. Dept. Mines).
- 13 -
Westport Road Occurrences
Road log from Highway 38, at Godfr ey (mile 26. 2), for localities
between Godfrey and Westport (descriptions for underlined localities are in
t ext following log):
Mile 0.0 Godfrey; turn right (east) onto the Westport Road.
2.8 Road-cuts both sides of road.
3.2 Junction (on right) road to Thirty Island Lake, Kingstonmica

mine and Richardson mine.
3.4 Junction (on right) road to Thirty Island Lake and Glendower
iron mine.
6.8 Road-cut on left .
8.8 Junc tion (on left) White Lake Camp Road.
9.5 Turn-off (left ) to Hickey farm and Hickey-Murphy mine.
10.4 Road-cuts on left .
11. 1 Junction (on left) road to Burridge and McLaren phosphate

mine.
18 .9 Junction; turn right to Westport.
19 . 1 Westport, at junction Hig hway 42 .
Road-cuts at mile 2. 8, Westport Road
TOURMALINE, APATITE, AMPHIBOLE, SERPENTINE, CALCITE, MICA,

MAGNETITE, GRAPHITE, PYRITE.
Tourmaline occurs as yellowish orange, amber -c oloured or dark reddish

brown scattered grains, individual crystals (about 1/2 inch across ) and c rys -
talline aggregates up to 5 inches across; the yellowish orange and amber
varieties fluoresce br ight yellow under the ' short' ultraviolet rays. Apatite
is found as light yellow to green crys tals generally less than 1/2 inch across.
Serpentine is common as bluish green translucent grains, streaks and granu-
lar blotches. L e ss common ir. occurrence are : amphibole, as light green
vitreous , sugary patches;. white coarsely crystalline calcite; mica, as amber-
yellow flaky aggregates and as smoky brow n tiny books; ma g netite, as tiny
grains or crystals; g raphite flak es ; and pyrite, as crystalline masses or as
individual crystals.
Maps (T ) : 31 C / 1 OE T ichborne .
(G ) : 33-1964 Tichborne Ontario (GSC )
1947 -5 Olden-Bedford area, County of Frontenac, Ontario
(Ont. D ept. Mines).
- 14 -
Kingston (Bedford) Mica Mine
TOURMALINE, TREMOLITE, APATITE, MICA, CALCITE, PYROXENE,

QUARTZ, PYRITE, PYRRHOTITE, MOLYBDENITE, VESUVIANITE.
In quartz-feldspar veins cutting crystalline limestone .
Silvery-amber books of mica up to 6 inches across are common in the dumps.

Associated minerals are: tourmaline, as dark brown crystalline masses
measuring 1 inch to 3 inches across, and as reddish brown grains; tremolite,
as greenish grey columnar or bladed aggregates associated with dark amber
mica; sea-green, granular apatite; pyroxene, as dark green crystals ( 1 inch
across) and in massive form; massive and crystals of quartz (up to 1/2 inch
across); pink and white crystalline calcite; and crystalline aggregates of
pyrite . Pyrrhotite, molybdenite and dark brown vesuvianite have also been
reported from the deposit.
The deposit was last worked by the Kingston Mica Mining Company from 1942
to 1945. It had previously been worked in 1896 and from 1908 to 1910. On
the property at present, there is a dump and a fenced-off shaft.
Road log from Westport Road at mile 3. 2:
Mile 0. 0 Proceed east along road to Thirty Island Lake (the Westport
Road turns left at this point).
0. 5 Junction single lane mine road; turn left onto it.
0.8 Fork; bear right.
0. 9 Mine dump.
Refs . : ~ pp . 8 0 - 8 3; ~ pp. 15 6 - 15 7 .
Maps (T): 31 C / 1 OE Tichborne

(G): 33-1964 Tichborne Ontario (GSC)
194 7 -5 Olden-Bedford area, County of Frontenac , Ontario
(Ont. Dept. Mines).
Richardson Feldspar Mine
FELDSPAR, HORNBLENDE, PYROXENE, TITANITE, TOURMALINE,

QUARTZ, GARNET, CALCITE, APATITE, MICA, PYRITE, MAGNETITE,
GRAPHIC GRANITE.
In pegmatite dyke.
Most of the feldspar is flesh-red to brownish red, but pink, greenish grey
and white varieties are also present. Minerals associated with the feldspar
include: black hornblende crystals, light green pyroxene, black tourmaline
and minor amounts of titanite, garnet, quartz (smoky and some crystali:;),
- 15 -
calcite, apatite, dark mica (biotite), brown tremolite, pyrite and magnetite .
An attractive graphic granite can be found in the dumps. It has been reported
that the tremolite, when cut en cabochon, produces attractive cats eyes.
This mine is reputed to have been the largest feldspar mine in Canada. It
was opened in 1901 by H. Richardson of Kingston and was operated until 1916
by the Kingston Feldspar and Mining Company. Various operators worked
the quarry intermittently until the early 1950s. From 1901 to 1920, it was
the major producer of feldspar in the Verona district which accounted for
most of Canada's production at the time. A total of 228, 690 tons of feldspar
(35 per cent of the entire production from Ontario) was produced from the
Richardson mine from 1901 to 195 0 . Quartz was mined from the deposit
prior to 1909. The pit, now water-filled, measures about 375 by 125 feet
and is between 100 and 150 feet deep. Specimens can be obtained from large
dumps adjacent to the pit.
Road log from the Westport Road at mile 3. 2:
Mile 0.0 Proceed east along road to Thirty Island Lake (see log for
Kingston mica mine).
0. 5 Turn-off (on left) to Kingston mica mine; continue straight

ahead,
1. 9 Fork, bear right.
3. 5 Turn-off, left, to Richardson mine. The pit is about 50

yards from this point.
Refs.: 25 pp. 50-51; 28 pp. 6-7; 60 p . 465; ~P· 38.
Maps (T): 31 C / 1 OE T ichborne .

(G): 33-1964 Tichborne, Ontario (GSC) .
1947-5 Olden-Bedford area, County of Frontenac, Ontario
(Ont . Dept. Mines).
Glendower Iron Mine
MAGNETITE, APATITE, SCAPOLITE, GARNET, DIOPSIDE,

AMPHIBOLE, SERPENTINE, CHALCOPYRITE, PYRITE, GRAPHITE,
MICA.
At contact of crystalline limestone and metamorphic pyroxenite.
Massive and coarsely crystalline magnetite o ccurs as disseminations,

streaks and bands in the sheared and brecciated zones of the contact rocks.
Intimately associated with it are: calcite, diopside, scapolite, apatite,
amphibole and dark reddish brown garnet. Narrow veinlets of serpentine,
chalcopyrite and pyrite cut the magnetite. Crystals of sea-green apatite and
grey scapolite occur with flakes of mica (phlogopite) and graphite in the
limestone.
- 16 -
The deposit was operated by open pits and shafts intermittently from the
1860s to 1899 at which time it was the most important mine in the area.
Approximately 50, 000 tons of iron ore (averaging over 50 per cent iron) and
a small amount of apatite were removed from the deposit. Prior to the build-
ing of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway (about 1885) the ore was hauled by
wagon to Kingston. The smelting of the ore was begun in Kingston in 18 95.
On the property at present there is a small dump and two water filled pits.
Mile 0.0 Turn right (east) onto road to Thirty Island Lake (this is O. 2
mile beyond the first turn-off to Thirty Island L ake ) .
0. 5 Fork; bear left onto single lane road. The right fork l eads
to the Kingston mica mine.
1. 2 Mine dump on left side of road and pits on right..
Ref.: 25 pp. 5, 64-65; ~pp. 38-39.
Maps (T): 31 C/ lOE Tichborne.

(G): 33-1964 Tichborne, Ontario (GSC)
194 7 -5 Olden-Bedford area, County of Frontenac, Ontario
(Ont . D ept. Mines)_.
Road-cut at mile 6. 8, Westport Road
DIOPSIDE, TITANIT.E, TOURMALINE, APATITE, SCAPOLITE,

CHONDRODITE, ZIRCON, CALCITE, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR, MICA,
GRAPHITE, PYRITE.
In crystalline limestone .
The most common minerals are: diopside, as light green to dark green
crystals (averaging 1/2 inch by 1 inch) and in massive form; titanite, as dark
brown, flat , wedge-shaped crystals (up to 1 inch long ); tourmaline, as jet
black grains and crystal aggregates; apatite, as sea-green transparent to
translucent crystals (meas uring up to 7 inches by 1 1/2 inches) and as crys -
talline masses; and scapolite, as light yellowish green transparent crystal-
line aggregates (about an inch across) with vitreous to greasy lustre. The
scapolite has a reddish pink fluorescence under the 'short' ultraviolet rays.
These minerals occur in a coarse matrix of white to pink calcite, white feld-
spar and colourless to grey quartz. Less common in occurrence is chondro -
dite which forms transparent, orange, granular masses up to 1/2 inch across
in white calcite. Brownish pink , turbid grains and tiny crystals of zircon
occur sparingly in calcite and feldspar. Tiny books of light to dark smoky-
brown mica, graphite flakes and pyrite crystals are disseminated in calcite.
This road-cut is on the west side of the Westport Road; similar rocks are
exposed at intervals for about 1/4 mile north and south of the cut.
- 17 -
Maps (T): 31 C / 1 OE T ichborne

(Ont. Dept. Mines).
Hickey-Murphy Lead Mine
GALENA, BARITE, APATITE, DIOPSIDE, SERPENTINE, TOURMALINE,

GRAPHITE, PYRITE, SPHALERITE.
In a calcite vein cutting crystalline limestone and granite.
Galena occurs as flakes, granular patches and as cubes(upto 1/2 inchacross)

in pi.nk to white coarsely crystalline calcite. Massive and coarsely crystal-
line white barite is closely associated with white to pale mauve, coarse cal-
cite that fluoresces a very bright pink under the 1 short 1 ultraviolet rays.
Apatite crystals and granul'.ar masses are yellow-green to blue-green; the
yellowish variety fluoresces a bright reddish pink under 1 short 1 ultraviolet
rays. Brownish black tourmaline crystals averaging 1/2 inch across are
conspicuous in pinkish white calcite. Diopside (small prisms), serpentine,
pyrite, graphite and sphalerite are present in minor amounts.
The deposit was opened prior to 1915 by several pits and by two shafts, one
on the Hickey farm and the other on the Murphy farm. Specimens are found
in small dumps near the shafts and in the pits.
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west) onto a farm lane leading to the Hickey farm.
0. 15 Hickey farmhouse. The Hickey shaft is about 500 yards

from the house; pits extend 300 to 450 feet northwest of the
shaft. The Murphy shaft is 550 feet southeast of the Hickey.
Refs.: _!_pp. 151-153; 25 pp. 67-70.
Maps (T): 31 C/ lOE Tichborne

1947 - 5 Olden-Bedford area, County of Frontenac, Ontario
(Ont. Dept. Mines).
Road-cuts at mile 10. 4 Westport Road
GRAPHITE, SERPENTINE, PYRITE, TITANITE.
Graphite (tabular grains and foliated patches) and serpentine (disseminated

grains) are the most common minerals. Crystals and patches of pyrite and
tiny grai"ns of amber -brown, transparent titanite are found in smaller amounts.
- 18 -
Maps (T): 31 C /1 OE Tichborne.

(Ont. Dept. Mines).
McLaren Phosphate Mine
APATITE, HORNBLENDE, DIOPSIDE, ACTINOLITE, GARNET,

CALCITE, MICA, PYRITE.
In veins cutting Precambrian gneiss.
Most of the apatite is the blue -green granular variety; crystals, measuring
up to 1 inch across, occur sparingly. Associated minerals include: black
hornblende crystals; diopside crystals and crystalline masses; actinolite, as
green radiating aggregates; garnet, as tiny red crystals; coarsely crystalline
salmon pink to white calcite; amber mica; and crystalline aggregates of pyrite.
The deposit was worked from 1888 to 1890, and at intervals between 1942 and
1945 by several pits and a shaft. About 1,145 tons of apatite was produced and
sold to the Electric Reduction Company, Limited at Buckingham, Quebec .
The deposit is on the farm of Mr. N. Leafloor.
Road log from the Westport Road, at mile 11. 1:
Mile 0.0 Turn left (north) onto gravel road to Burridge. (At this junc -
tion the Westport Road turns sharply to the right . ) Crystal-
line limestone, similar to the road-cut at mile 10. 4, is
exposed at the side of the road.
1. 1 Burridge, at crossroad; continue straight ahead.
1. 4 Fork; bear right.
2. 8 N. Leafloor farmhouse on right. A rough road, about 1. 2

miles long, leads northeast to the workings that extend over
a distance of about 200 yards .
Refs.: ~pp. 37-40; gp. 43.
Maps (T): 31 C/ !OE Tichborne.

(G): 33-1964 Tichborne, Ontario (GSC).
(Ont. Dept. Mines).
This is the last locality described along the Westport Road; localities off
Highway 38 are described below.
Long Lake Blue Calcite Occurrence
CALCITE, MICA, DIOPSIDE, SERPENTINE, PYRITE,
- 19 -
Coarsely crystalline white to sky blue, greenish blue and salmon pink calcite
is exposed along a cliff opposite Long Lake . Associated with it, in small
amounts, are grains and crystal aggregates of diopside, mica, serpentine
and pyrite.
Mile 0.0 Parham; turn l eft (west) onto Long Lake Road.
0. 25 Junction; turn right .
O. 65 Junction; turn left.
3. 1 Calcite exposure on right.
Maps (T): 31 C/lOE Tichborne

(Ont. Dept. Mines).
Long Lake Zinc Mine
SPHALERITE, GALENA, PYRITE, MOLYBDENITE, PYRRHOTITE,

CHALCOPYRITE, HYDROCERUSSITE, HYDROZINCITE, DIOPSIDE,
GARNET, VESUVIANITE, SERPENTINE, CALCITE.
Dark brown sphalerite occurs as granular masses and disseminated grains

with galena, pyrite, molybdenite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite in colourless,
white to greenish white, grey to almost black crystalline calcite. Hydro-
cerussite and hydrozincite form white, finely granular, irregular encrusta-
tions on the ore; hydrozincite fluoresces bluish white under the 'short' ultra-
violet rays . Small crystalline masses of light green diops ide, brownish
yellow garnet and light yellow vesuvianite occur in calcite . Much of the diop-
side has been altered to serpentine . Some of the calcite, particularly the
white variety, fluoresces pink under the ' short' ultraviolet rays. An attrac-
tive marble composed of a white matrix with salmon pink blotches is found in
the dumps; it takes a good polish and is suitable for lapidary purposes.
The deposit was discovered in 1901 by Leslie Benn who sank the first pit and
recovered 100 tons of zinc ore. Since then it has been held by James
Richardson and Sons. Intermittent development of the property from 1901 to
190 9 by 5 shafts and several open-cuts resulted in the production of 3, 442
tons of ore. In 1950, further exploration was done on shaft No. 2 and a con-
centrating unit was installed by Rochette Gold Mines, Limited but no ship-
ments were reported. The property is also known as the Olden and the
Richardson zinc mines .

- 20 -
Mile 0.0 Parham; turn left (west) onto Long Lake Road.
3. 2 Blue calcite occurrence on right.
5. 1 Crossroad at Long Lake village; turn left.
5. 5 Junction mine road on right; turn right.
5. 6 Shaft No. 2 ( 125 feet deep) and dump. The other workings
extend 100 yards to the west and 150 yards east northeast of
this shaft.
Refs.: ~PP · 146-151; ~pp. 91-94; ~P· 7.
Maps (T): 31 C / 1 OW Tichborne ..

(G): 194 7 -5 Olden-Bedford area, County of Frontenac, Ontario
(Ont. Dept. Mines).
Gabbro Quarry
GABBRO, FELDSPAR.
The gab bro is a black, coarse -textured rock containing a few veins (about 1/2
inch wide) of brick red feldspar.
The quarry was worked from 1936-1942 by Building Products Limited of

Montreal; the rock was crushed at a mill in Verona and used for roofing and
stucco. The quarry is about 25 feet deep and is now water -filled. Broken
blocks of the rock lie adjacent to it . The deposit is on the farm of Mrs. J.
Drew.
Mile 0.0 Parham; turn left onto the Long Lake Road and proceed to
Long Lake village.
5. 1 Crossroad at Long Lake village; continue straight ahead.
7. 5 Junction; turn left (west) .
9. 8 Turn-off to the Drew farmhouse on left. (This turn-off is

3. 1 miles from Highway No. 7.) The quarry is approx-
imately 200 yards west of the farmhouse.
Ref.: 25 p. 45.
- 21 -
Maps (T): 31 C / 1 OW Tichborne

(G): 1947-5 Olden-Bedford, County of Frontenac, Ontario
(Ont. Dept. Mines).
Road-cut on Highway 38 at mile 35. 8
SERPENTINE, TREMOLITE, TOURMALINE, MICA, CALCITE,

GRAPHITE.
The limestone contains patches of pea-green to yellow-green serpentine,

greenish grey tremolite, amber-yellow to brown tourmaline (diss eminated
grains), amber· and black mica, pink crystalline calcite, and graphite (flakes ).
The exposure is on th e north side of Highway 38, 0. 7 mile west of its junc tion
with the Long Lake Road.
Maps (T): 3 1 C/lOW Tichborne.

(G): 33-1964 Tichborne, Ontario (GSC).
1947-5 Olden-Bedford area , County of Frontenac, Ontario
(Ont. Dept. Mines).
Eagle Lake (Bl e s sington) Mine
APATITE, MAGNETITE, SCAPOLITE, TITANITE, TOURMALINE,

HORNBLENDE, PYROXENE, CALCITE, MICA.
In veins cutting gab bro.
Hornblende, calcite, pyroxene and light green apatite are the most common
minerals in the dumps. Scapolite, as greenish yellow, transparent crystals
(about 1/2 inch long) and as greenish yellow transparent to greenish grey tur -
bid crystalline aggregates, is commonly associated with pink to white calcite;
it fluoresces a bright reddish pink under the 'short' ultraviolet rays (turbid
variety does not fluoresce as brightly as the transparent variety does).
Massive jet-black tourmaline, black mica , and tiny crystals of reddish brown
titanite occur with calcite. Titaniferous magnetite veins cut the apatite -
pyroxene rocks.
The deposit was worked from 1887 to 1891 by several open pits extending for
400 feet along the west side of a hill . Approximately 4, 000 tons of phosphate
and 700 tons of iron ore were recovered. Operations in this and other Ontario
phosphate mine s were terminated when the low-cost Florida deposits came
into production in about 1900. The openings are now water -filled but speci-
mens can be obtained from numerous dumps. The deposit is on the farm of
Mr. G .H. Somerville on the west side of Highway 38 at mile 39 . 1. The larg-
est pits are approximately 200 yards southwest of the farmhouse.
Refs.: ~pp. 5, 35; .§..2._p. 11; 62 pp. 44-45.

Maps (T): 31 C / 1 OE Tichborne.
(G) : 33-1964 Tichborne, Ontario (GSC).
(Ont. Dept. M_i_·n_e_s~)~·-~--
- 22 -
Sharbot Lake Road-cuts on Highway 38, mile 45. 1 to mile 45. 2
TOURMALINE, MICA, PYROXENE, CHLORITE, TALC, SERPENTINE,

MAGNETITE, PYRITE,
Crystals (measuring up to 3 inches long) and crystalline masses of dark

brown tourmaline are common. Other minerals present are: dark brown
mica; greyish white massive and finely foliated talc; pyrite and magnetite
grains. Pyroxene, as small crystals (about I inch long) and crystalline
masses, is commonly altered to chlorite and serpentine.
The road-cuts are on both sides of the highway, just north of the causeway on
the narrows of Sharbot Lake.
Maps (T): 31 C / 15E Sharbot Lake.

(Ont. Dept. Mines).
Road-cut on Highway 38 at mile 46. 2
TOURMALINE, AMPHIBOLE, SCAPOLITE, MICA, PYRITE, CALCITE.
Tourmaline is dark brown and similar to the occurrence at mile 45. 1-45. 2.
Crystals and crystalline masses of light green amphibole and greyish green
scapolite are rather abundant in white coarsely-crystalline calcite. The
scapolite fluoresces orange-yellow when exposed to the 'long' ultraviolet rays.
Dark brown mica and pyrite are disseminated in the calcite.
The exposure is on the west side of the highway.
Maps (T): 31 C/15E Sharbot Lake.

(Ont. Dept. Mines).
This is the last locality described along Highway 38; the main road log along
Highway 2 east from Kingston is resumed.
Mile 0.0 Kingston, at traffic circle; proceed east on Highway 2.
1. 1 Kingston, at junction Highway 2 (Princess Street) and

Division Street.
Log for side trip along the Kingston-Westport-Perth Road via Perth
Road (underlined localities are described in text following road log):
Mile 0.0 Proceed north along Division Street.
2. 2 Turn-off to Frontenac quarry on right.

- 23 -
Mile 2.4 Turn-off to Highway 401, east.
3.6
to Road-cuts. See Frontenac quarry for rock description.
5.~
6.2 Crossroad; continue straight ahead.
12.7 Quarry (abandoned) on left. See Frontenac quarry for rock

description.
17. 1 Perth Road, at post office and junction (left) to Frontenac

lead mine and Lacey mine.
23.2 Bridge over narrows of Buck Lake .
25. 35 Junction (on right) Buck Lake Road to Sfoness mine.
34. 1 Junction Highway 42 . Road on right leads to Newboro and

Matthews mine; turn left to continue log to Perth.
34. 9 Westport, at junction road to Godfrey; turn right toward

centre of town .
35.4 Westport; turn left onto road to Perth.
36.9 Fork; bear left .
40 . 9 Feldspar quarry on left.
41. 4 Junction; turn left onto road to Black Lake.
42.5 Gate to Timmins mine on right. The foundation of an old

farmhouse is just south of the gate.
44.0 Junction; turn left onto road to Black Lake , Stanleyville.
44.7 Junction; continue straight ahead.
45.4 Junction (on right) road to Silver Queen, Baby, and Rogers
mines; to continue log, proceed straight ahead.
47.6 Junction single lane road on right to Byrnes mine. Log con-
tinues straight ahead on main road.
48.6 Crossroad; continue on main road.

49.6 Crossroad; turn left to Stanleyville for Olympus and Pike
Lake mines. Log continues straight ahead.
- 24 -
Mile 50.8 Junction; turn right onto Westport-Perth Road.
51. 2 Crossroad; continue straight ahead.
55.4 Junction (on right) road to Otty Lake Park and to Boyce and
McLaren mines.
56.8 Perth, at junc tion road to Rideau Ferry, to Perthite occur -

rence and Globe graphite mine. To continue log, turn left
onto Gore Street .
57. 2 Perth, at junction Highway 43, continue straight ahead.
58. 1 Perth, at junction (on left) road to Christie Lake and to

Fournier min~.
58.5 Junction Highway 7.
Frontenac Quarries Limited
BARITE, CALCITE, PYRITE, FOSSILS.
In limestone.
Barite occurs as white tabular aggregates associated with colourless to white

crystalline calcite. Large cavities (about 8 inches across) in limestone are
commonly filled with pink to white, coarsely crystalline calcite. Veinlets and
tiny cubes of pyrite occur in calcite. The lime stone is dense, dark grey
(weathering to greyish white) and contains corals and other fossils common to
the Black River Group (see description of Kingston Township quarry). The
crushed rock is being used for road construction.
The quarry is located approximately 150 yards east of Division Street at mile
2. 2. Similar limestone beds are exposed along the road to Perth Road at
mile 3. 6 to 5. 2 and at the abandoned quarry at mile 12. 7.
Ref.: ~pp . 67-69.
Maps (T): 31 C / 8W Gananoque.

(G): 27-1962 Gananoque, Ontario (GSC).
Frontenac (Frontenac Draper Lake) Lead Mine
GALENA, SPHALERITE, PYRITE, CHALCOPYRITE, BARITE,

CERUSSITE, HYDROCERUSSITE, CELESTITE, MARCASITE,
TOURMALINE.
In veins cutting crystalline limestone and gneiss.
Crystalline galena is associated with dark brown sphalerite, pyrite and small
amounts of chalcopyrite in coarsely crystalline white, pink or lilac coloured
- 25 -
calcite. Tiny clusters of cream-white platy barite occur on the calcite.

Cerussite and hydrocerussite form greyish white coatings on the ore. Sky-
blue celestite crystals (up to 2 inches long) and marcasite have been reported
to line cavities in calcite. Jet black crystalline tourmaline occurs with cal-
cite in gneiss. The calcite fluoresces bright pink when exposed to ultraviolet
rays ('short' rays are more effective than the 'long') and hydrocerussite
fluoresces pale yellow under the 'long' rays .
The deposit was worked by three shafts. The fir st shaft, a mill and a furnace
was in operation prior to 1869 and one to two thousand tons of ore was mined.
Two other shafts were subsequently sunk and the mine was in production from
1916 to 1917 . Exploration work was done by New Calumet Mines Limited (in
1948) and by Draper Lake Frontenac Lead Zinc Mines Limited (in 1951-52).
Specimens are plentiful in large dumps adjacent to shafts No . 1 (313 feet deep)
and No. 3 (150 feet deep) . The most recent work was done on shaft No. 3.
Specimens of galena in calcite were exhibited at the Philadelphia International
Exhibition ( 1876), the Paris Exposition ( 1878) and the London Colonial and
Indian Exhibition ( 1886).
Road log from Perth Road at post office (mile 17. 1 on Kingston-
Westport-Perth Road).
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west) onto gravel road.
0. 5 Junction single lane road on right; turn right.
0. 55 Fork. The right fork leads 0. 4 mile to shaft No. 1 located

on the left (south) side of the road just east of the railway
crossing. This property belongs to L.B. Harris of Kingston.
To reach shaft No. 3 proceed as follows from mile O. 5.
0. 5 Continue straight ahead.
3. 35 Junction farm lane on right. Obtain permission to enter at

farmhouse. Follow the farm lane 1/2 mile to the mine.
Refs.: 1 pp. 142-145; 26 p . 25; 68 pp. 5-6; I_!_ pp. 164-165; 7..1. p. 34;
BO p. 48. -
Maps (T): 31 C / 7E Sydenham.

(G): 25E south part of Frontenac County, eastern Ontario (Ont .
Dept. Mines).
Lacey Mica Mine
MICA, APATITE, CALCITE, PYROXENE, TITANITE, ZIRCON,

ACTINOLITE, TALC, DATOLITE, SCAPOLITE, PYRITE, GRAPHITE,
MOLYBDENITE, CHALCOPYRITE.
- 26 -
In veins cutting pyroxenite.
Very large crystals of amber mica (9 feet in diameter), blue to greenish blue
apatite (10 inches across), light to dark green pyroxene (6 inches across and
18 inches long), titanite (4 inches across) and zircon (1/2 inch across and 11/2
inches long) have been found at this deposit . Other minerals reported include:
white to pink calcite; fibrous aggregates of dark green actinolite ; grey to
green talc; transparent, yellowish green datolite crystal s (mea suring up to
3x3 l /2x2 centimetres); greenish grey scapolite; and small grains and/or
patches of metallic minerals . Except for mica, apatite and pyroxene, most
of the minerals are now difficult to find.
The deposit was discovered in 1882 and was worked originally for phosphate
and later mica was produced as a by-product. After about 1890 only mica
was mined because of competition from foreign phosphate producers. At this
time mica was in demand to meet the requirements of the newly developing
electrical industry and from 1886 to about 1920, Canada was theworld 1 s chief
supplier of amber mica. The Lacey mine was the largest mica mine in
Canada and was in continuous operation until 1927 and again from 1944 to
194 7. The total production amounted to 6, 000 tons of mica and 200 tons of
apatite. The deposit was originally worked from a shaft ( 185 feet deep).
Open pit operations commenced in 1906. The mine was operated for about 25
years by the General Electric Company and it is sometimes referred to by
that name.
Road log from Perth Road at post office (see log for Frontenac l ead
mine):
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west ) onto grave l road.
0. 5 Turn-off to Frontenac lead mine (Shaft No. I); continue

straight ahead on main road.
I.6 Junction; continue straight ahead.
2. I Junction road to Frontenac Shaft No. 3; turn left .
2. 9 Junction; turn right onto improved dirt road.
4.0 Junction single lane road on right. Turn right and proceed
to mine.
4. 6 Main pit on left.
Refs.: 2p . 30;31pp. 14-15; 33p. 116;!.!:_p . 197;~pp . 141-143, 286;

b2 pp. 45-46; 64 pp. 6~70.
Maps (T): 3 I CI 7E Sydenham.

(G): 2054 Gananoque area, Ontario (Ont. Dept. Mines, I inch to
2 miles).
- 27 -
Stoness Mine
APATITE, MICA, CALCITE.
In veins cutting pyroxenite .
The deposit consists of blue-green apatite crystals and granular masses, light
amber mica and pink coarsely crystalline calcite. It was worked for mica by
a series of pits in 1901 and 1902. The largest pit, about 25 feet deep is
lo cated near the shore of Buck Lake.
Access from mile 25. 35 of Kingston-Westport-Perth Road is by a single-lane

road, 1. 6 miles long, leading to the shore of Buck Lake . There are several
small pits along the road beginning about 1 mile from the turn-off. Near the
end of the road, a trail leads left for approximate l y 200 yards to some large
dumps. The openings are overgrown and dangerous to enter.
Ref.: ~P· 155.
Maps (T}: 31 C/9W Westport.

(G): 1182A Westport, Ontario (GSC).
Matthews Mine
MAGNETITE, ILMENITE, PYRITE.
In gabbroic anorthosite.
The ore consists of titaniferous magnetite with minor ilmenite and pyrite . It
occurs as disseminations and as granular masses in anorthosite.
The deposit was worked from 1860 to 1871 for magnetite from anopenpitthat
measured 300 feet by 100 feet and 40 feet deep . It is now held by New
Mylamaque Mining and Smelting Limited who conducted a program of diamond
drilling between 1958 and 1960. Specimens are available from two dumps
near the pit.
Road log from Kingston-Westport-PerthRoadatmile 34. 1:
Mile 0.0 Turn right (south) onto Highway 42.
2. 0 Junction Rideau Road (on l eft ); continue straight ahead.
4.0 Junction (on right) Mon Okel Road; turn right and leave
Highway 42. (This junction is 4. 2 miles west of the junction
of Highways 42 and 15 . )
4. 1 Junction single-lane road on right; turn right.
4. 5 Matthews mine. The pit is approximately 75 yards south of

the buildings.
Refs.: .§_!_pp. 12-14; 78 pp . 124-125.

28
Parts of 31 C/16 E & W
Mineral occurrence . . .X Mine . .. ~
Map 2. Perth area. 1. Pike Lake mine; 2. Olympus mine ; 3. Byrnes mine;
4. Hanlon mine ; 5. Baby mine; 6. Silver Queen mine; 7. Rogers mine;
8. Perthite occurrences; 9. McLaren mine; 10. Boyce mine; 11. Globe
graphite mine
- 29 -
Maps (T): 31 C/9W Westport.

(G): l 182A Westport, Ontario (GSC) .
Feldspar Quarry at mile 40. 9 on Kingston-Westport-Perth Road.
FELDSPAR, BIOTITE, QUARTZ, TOURMALINE.
In pegmatite .
The small quarry exposes reddish pink feldspar, biotite, quartz and black
tourmaline crystals (up to 5 inches long). The opening is in the woods on the
north side of the road.

(G): l 182A Westport, Ontario (GSC).
Timmins Mine
GRAPHITE, TOURMALINE, TITANITE, PYROXENE, CALCITE, MICA,

PYRITE.
In silicated crystalline lime stone.
Graphite occurs as disseminated flakes in association with grains or small

crystals of orange -brown tourmaline, brownish yellow titanite, green pyrox-
ene, pink to white calcite, mica and pyrite. The tourmaline fluoresces deep
yellow when exposed to 'short' ultraviolet rays.
The deposit was worked (1918, 1919) for graphite by open pits, and in 1951
was diamond-drilled by Frobisher Limited. The western workings consisted
of a mill and 3 pits, the largest measuring 170 feet by 12 feet and 5 feet deep.
This pit is about 150 yards east of two smaller ones. Another pit (170 feetby
40 feet and 22 feet deep) and a large dump are located 800 yards farther east.
To reach the mine proceed through the gate at mile 42. 5 of Kingston-
We stport-Pe rth Road and beyond the farm buildings for about 300 yards to the
western pits on the south side of the hill, approximately 200 yards east of the
pond.
Refs.: ~pp. 31-35; 63 pp. 28-29; ~P· 128 .

Silver Queen Mines
APATITE, MICA, TREMOLITE-ASBESTOS, ACTINOLITE, SCAPOLITE,

TOURMALINE, DIOPSIDE, WOLLASTONITE, GARNET, TREMOLITE,
SERPENTINE, ZIRCON, BARITE, CALCITE, QUARTZ, PYRITE,
MARCASITE, PYRRHOTITE, GRAPHITE, MICROCLINE, TITANITE,
In crystalline limestone and pegmatite.
- 30 -
The deposit consists of two mines a mica-apatite mine and a feldspar mine.
Minerals reported from the mica-apatite deposit include: apatite, as blue to
light green, fine- to coarse-granular masses and as crystals measuring up
to 8 inches long; silvery-amber mica crystals exhibiting asterism; tremolite-
asbestos ('mountain leather') as white, fibrous sheets in sugary apatite;
actinolite, as dark green prismatic crystals in pink calcite; greyish green
scapolite; brownish green, transparent, massive tourmaline; graphite flakes
and tiny pyrite crystals in bluish, coarse -grained crystalline limestone that
releases hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) when crushed. The limestone also contains
small amounts of phlogopite, diopside, wollastonite, zi rcon, serpentine,
hematite, barite, tourmaline, quartz (crystals), marcasite and pyrrhotite;
these minerals are found in a small pit near the main mica-apatite opening~ .
The deposit was opened in 1903 as a mica mine; mica and apatite were
recovered between 1905 and 194 7. It was developed by a shaft and a few pits.
There is a large dump near the shaft and smaller ones nearby.
A feldspar deposit was worked from a pit located 500 feet southeast of the
mica-apatite shaft. The feldspar is cloudy, bluish white and occurs as crys-
tal aggregates; individual crystals measuring up to 4 inches long have been
found . Associated minerals reported from the deposit include; smoky quart z ;
small, dark brown crystals of titanite; bright blue slender apatite crystals;
diopside crystals measuring up to 5 inches long and 2 inches across; green
tourmaline; muscovite; and calcite, in shades of yellow and blue. The feld-
spar releases hydrogen sulphide (H2S) when crushed. The d e posit was w orked
from 1911 to 1914 and 2, 990 tons of spar were produced.
The mines are on the property of Mr . Joe Lally from whom permission is
required for entry.
Another apatite occurrence is exposed by a pit along the road to the Silver
Queen mine. The apatite is bluish green, transparent granular and occurs in
white to grey feldspar. Associated minerals include: dark bro w n crystals of
titanite commonly 2 inches long and an inch across; light green granular
patc hes (about an inch across) of diopside; greenish brown granular patches
of tourmaline; dark brown mica and quartz. The pit is at a point 1. 3 .miles
from the turn-off (Mile 45. 4) from the Kingston-Westport-Perth Road.
Road log from mile 45.4 of Kingston-Westport-Perth Road (for

alternative route see page 36 ):
Mile 0.0 Turn right (west) at school.
1. 3 Apatite pit on left, just inside the fence.
1. 9 Joe Lally farmhouse on right. Obtain permission to visit

Silver Queen mine.
2. 65 Turn-off left onto single lane road leading 0. 3 mile to a

farmhouse. The mine is about 300 yards west of the house.
Refs.; 15 pp. 118-122; 31 p. 23; 56 pp. 167-168, 253-254; 57 pp. 21-23;
OZpp. 51-53. -
- 31 -
Maps (T): 31 CI 16 W Perth.

(G): 1089A Perth, Lanark and Leeds Counties, Ontario (GSC)
Baby Mine
APATITE, MICA, SCAPOLITE.
In pyroxenite.
Red and green granular apatite occurs with amber to dark brown mica and
altered scapolite crystals.
The deposit was worked for apatite and mica between 1893 and 1912. The
mine consists of several pits and dumps located approximately 400 yards west
of the Silver Queen mine .
Refs.: ~P· 23; ~pp . 168-169, 281.
Maps (T): 31 C/16W Perth.

(G): 10 89A Perth, Lanark and Leeds Counties, Ontario (GSC).
Rogers Mine
APATITE, MICA, CALCITE, CENOSITE, QUARTZ, SPHALERITE,

CHALCOPYRITE, CELESTITE, PYROXENE, TOURMALINE, TITANITE.
At contact of gneiss and pyroxenite.
The deposit consists of green, massive and crystalline apatite and phlogopite.
The rare mineral cenosite has been found at this locality but is difficult to
find now. It occurred as tiny prisms on colour l ess quartz crystals and on
white to pink calcite crystals lining small cavities in coarse limestone. It
varied from a transparent pink to almost opaque rose colour. Other minerals
found in the cavities are: chalcopyr ite, as tiny striated crystals; cele stite,
as platy aggregates; pyroxene, as rosettes of silvery acicular crystals.
Grains of apatite, sphalerite and phlogopite occur in the limestone . Trans -
parent, doubly-terminated quartz crystals up to 2 inches long have beenfound
at this lo cality. Patches of black granular tourmaline and crystals of dark
green pyroxene and of brown titanite (averaging 1/2 inch long) occur in a
coarse quartz-calcite matrix.
The deposit was worked by a series of pits for apatite and mica between 1903
and 1917. The deepest pit is 70 feet by 5 feet and is 5 0 feet deep.
Road log from Kingston-Westport-Perth Road at mile 45.4 (for

alternate route see page 36 ):
Mile 0.0 Turn right at school and follow log to Silver Queen mine.
2. 65 Turn-off to Silver Queen mine.

- 32 -
Mile 3. 65 Bridge over creek, at south end of Noble Bay (Rideau Lake).
4. 15 Rogers mine in pasture on left. Beginning opposite the gate

to the T. B. Thomp son cottage, walk along the gentle ridge
200 yards to the mine.
Refs.: 22 pp. 205-211; EP· 23; 2..§_p. 165.
Maps (T): 31 C/16E Perth.

(G): 1089A Perth, Lanark and Leeds Counties, Ontario (GSC).
Byrnes Mine
APATITE, MICA, CALCITE, TITANITE, FELDSPAR, BARITE,

CHLORITE, PYRITE.
At contact of gneiss and pyroxenite.
Granular bluish and greyish green apatite occurs with dark brown mica in
coarse, salmon to reddish pink calcite. Apatite also occurs in greyish white
feldspar where it is associated with dark brown titanite crystals measuring
up to 1/2 inch across. Pyrite is common in the mica-apatite-calcite assem-
blages. Barite occurs sparingly as cream-white platy aggregates (some
radiating) on finely granular white calcite that fluoresces bright pink under
the 1 short 1 ultraviolet rays. Yellowish brown chlorite is found sparingl y with
apatite and calcite. In the northernmost pits, originally opened for phos -
phate, massive red apatite occurs with dark brown mica and a little calcite.
Road log from Kingston-Westport-Perth Road at mile 47. 6:
Mile 0.0 Turn right (east) onto improved dirt road.
0. 3 On left (north) side of road is the southernmost pitonaridge

about 50 yards from the road. The oldest (northernmost)
pits are located down the hill, approximately 350 yards from
the road.
Refs.: 56 p. 176; ~p. 55.

(G): 1089A Perth, Lanark , and Leeds Counties, Ontario (GSC )
Hanlon Mine
APATITE, MICA, CALCITE, PYRITE.
In pyroxenite.
Two varieties of apatite occur: the light green sugary variety and clear
bluish green crystals. The mica is silvery-to smoky-brown. These minerals
are associated with coarsely crystalline white, pink or salmon pink calcite
containing tiny pyrite crystals. A blue calcite has also been reported from
the deposit.
- 33 -
The deposit was worked for mica by a series of pits and shafts from the late
1890 1 s to 1909. It was one of the district's principal producers. The pits are
now water -filled but specimens may be found in numerous dumps . The mine
is on the property of Mr . M. Nagle and is located in the woods about 100 yards
north of the farmhouse.
Road log from Kingston-Westport - Perth Road at mile 47. 6:
Mile 0.0 Turn right (east) onto impr.o ved dirt road .
0. 3 Byrnes mine on left; continue straight ahead.
0. 55 Turn-off (right) to the M . Nagle farmhouse.
Ref.: ~ pp . 171 - 1 72.
Maps (T): 31 C/ 16W Perth.

Olympus Mine
VERMICULITE, TALC, CHLORITE, DIOPSIDE, SERPENTINE,

PHLOGOPITE , CALCITE.
In serpentinized metamorphic pyroxenite.
The vermiculite ranges in colour from silvery amber to smoky brown. It is

an alteration product of phlogopite and is associated with conglomerations of
greyish and bluish green talc, light green chlorite, green diopside, serpen-
tine, calcite and phlogopite.
The vermiculite deposit was discovered in 1950 by C.G . Bruce of the Mines
Branch, Ottawa. The first exploration work was done by Siscoe Gold Mines
Limited soon after the discovery, and in 1960 Olympus Mines Limited com-
menced development by an open pit. A pilot mill was in operation during part
of 1965 and 1966. In July 1966, the pit was water -filled and there was a large
stock-pile adjacent to it.
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west) onto road to Stanleyville.
0. 8 Stanleyville, at crossroad; turn left.
1. 2 Junction road to Olympus mine; turn right.
1. 6 Mine.
Refs.: 24 pp. 7 - 11; ~ p. 245 .

- 34 -
Pike Lake Mine
MICA, TOURMALINE, ZIRCON, SERPENTINE, QUARTZ, HEMATITE,

PYRITE,
In pyroxenite.
Mica occurs as large sheets and as large aggregates (about a foot across) of
cleavage plates. In colour, it varies from silvery-amber to dark brown.
Large sheets of the mica were shipped to Paris in 1860 for use as port-holes
in French battleships. Associated with the mica are brown tourmaline, light
yellow zircon, serpentine, quartz, hematite and pyrite. Small cavities in
lime stone have been found to contain zircon and serpentine with hematite and
quartz. Mica specimens were exhibited at the Philadelphia International
Exhibition, 1876.
This was the first mica deposit to be worked in the province. It was last
worked in 1902 by numerous pits (some over 100 feet deep) along a ridge
overlooking Pike Lake. The dumps, in wooded areas near the pits, are now
partly overgrown and covered with moss. The mine is on the property of
J. Anderson.
Mile o.o Turn left (west) onto road to Stanleyville.
0. 8 Stanleyville at crossroad; continue straight ahead (road on

left leads to Olympus mine).
1. 2 Fork; right fork leads 0. 2 mile to J. Anderson farmhouse

(obtain permission here). To continue log, follow left fork .
1. 4 Pits are on right side of road in the woods ,
Refs.: ~pp. 2-3, 35-36; 56 p. 181; 79 p. 124.
Maps (T): 31 C/ 16W Perth.

(G): l089A Perth, Lanark and Leeds Counties, Ontario (GSC).
Boyce Mine
APATITE, MICA, GRAPHITE, MAGNETITE, PYROXENE, SCAPOLITE,

WILSONITE,
In pyroxenite.
Small amounts of green apatite occur with pale mica, graphite, magnetite
and colourless pyroxene grains (which fluoresce greenish white under 'short'
ultraviolet rays) in white, coarsely crystalline calcite . Scapolite and pinkish
mauve to rose red wilsonite have been reported to be plentiful at this locality
but specimens are now difficult to find. Wilsonite was discovered by
- 35 -
Dr. James Wilson, a Perth medical doctor, who submitted a specimen of the
rose red mineral resembling wollastonite to Queen's University for identifi-
cation. It was associated with crystalline white diopside, mica, apatite
crystals, calcite and chalcopyrite. In 1853, T.S. Hunt of the Geological
Survey of Canada named the mineral for Dr. Wilson as a tribute to a knowl-
edgeable and "zealous student of the mineralogy of his district" (ref. 35).
The deposit was first worked for apatite in 1855 and is believed to have been
the first phosphate mine in Canada. It was worked in 1870 by the Hon. R.
Matheson of Perth and in 1907 by Kent Bros. of Kingston who operated it for
mica. One large pit (60 feet by 25 feet and 25 feet deep) and several small
openings near the shore of Andrew Lake expose the deposit. Most of the
dumps are now overgrown. The deposit is on the farm of J.E. Boyce.
Mile 0.0 Turn right (south) onto road to Otty Lake Park.
2. 1 Turn right onto single lane road.
2. 9 J . E. Boyce farmhouse at end of road. The pits are in the

woods near the eastern end of the lake, approximately 450
yards south of the barn.
Refs.: 35 pp. 168-171; 2..§_pp. 177-178, 300; 62 pp. 55-56.

McLaren Mine
APATITE, MICA, PYROXENE, TITANITE, TOURMALINE, GYPSUM,

ANHYDRITE, ZIRCON, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR, PYRITE.
In pyroxenite.
Blue-green granular and crystalline apatite is associated with dark brown

mica, green pyroxene and minor amounts of pink to orange calcite and pyrite
in a quartz -feldspar matrix. Jet black massive tourmaline and reddish brown
transparent titanite crystals (very small) and crystalline masses occur spar -
ingly in quartz. Transparent, pink grains of zircon were noted in mica.
During mining operations, anhydrite and gypsum were found. Anhydrite
occurred as lilac -coloured cleavable masses with snow white, finely granular
gypsum; in some specimens the two minerals formed alternating layers
resulting in a banded structure. Another mineral collected during mining
operations was zircon which occurred as reddish brown crystals (measuring
up to 3 cm long) characterized by a very brilliant lustre. The last three min-
erals described are difficult to find in the dumps now. Mica books measuring
2 feet across were mined. Apatite specimens from this deposit were exhib-
ited at the 1878 International Exhibition in Paris.
The deposit was operated by numerous trench-like pits between 1870 and 1912.
The deepest pits are over 100· feet deep. Both apatite (7, 200 tons) and mica
- 36 -
were produced. The deposit is on the property of Mrs. W. L .. McLaren. The

dumps are moss -covered and now partly overgrown.
Road log from Kingston-Westport-Perth Road at mile 55.4:
Mile 0.0 Turn ri ght (south) onto road to Otty Lake Park.
2.0 Mrs. W.L. McLaren's farmhouse on right. Obtain permis-

sion to enter mine.
2. 1 Turn-off to Boyce mine; continue straight ahead.
4. 1 Gate to McLaren property. The pits are on both sides of

road leading to the farmhouse (located 250 yards from the
gate) and in the woods to the north and south of the house.
Refs.: 17 pp . 475-476; 26 p. 67; 45 pp. 384-391;2_§ pp. 178-179;

Q' pp. 56-57 . -

Perthite Occurrence (Plate III)
PERTHITE, QUARTZ, PYROXENE, CHLORITE, MAGNETITE.
In pegmatite dyke.
Perthite and quartz are the main constituents of the dyke. Accessory min -
erals include: greenish black pyroxene, chlorite and magnetite. The pres -
ence of these dark minerals precludes the use of much of the perthite as a
gem stone . The perthite, an intergrowth of colourless plagioclase and flesh-
pink microcline, exhibits the characteristic laminated structure. The plagio-
clase has a silvery satin lustre which is most noticeable in the polished
cabochon.
Dr. James Wilson, of Perth, dis covered perthite on the Dobey farm near the
west side of Adam L ake. He sent a specimen for identification to Professor
Thomas Thomson of the University of Glasgow who named it for Perth in 184 3.
A polished specimen of perthite was exhib ited at the Philadelphia International
Exhibition in 1876. The dyke is exposed at two lo calities between Otty and
Adam Lakes.
The lo g for th is occurrence may also be followed to reach the Rogers (s ee

page 31 ) a nd Silver Queen (see page 29 ) mines .
Mile 0.0 Turn right onto road to Rideau F erry. From here to mile
3. 8 the road was being straightene d so that the mileage may
be slightly l ess.
- 37 -
Mile 1. 1 Junction on right, gravel road to Otty Lake and Adam Lake;
turn right.
5. 3 Junction; turn right .
6. 3 Junction at school; turn right.
7. 7 Clearing on farm on left. The dyke containing perthite is

exposed in the farm about 100 yards north of this point.
7. 9 Junction; on left, road to cottages on Adam Lake; continue

straight ahead for main perthite occurrence.
Plate III. Perthite showing microcline (dark) and plagioclase (light) inter -
growths, Perth area. Specimen courtesy National Mineral
Collection (actual size). (GSC 200383-E)
- 38 -
Mile 8.0 Perthite exposure in woods on right side of road. The dyke
has been dynamited and specimens can be obtained from
broken blocks near it.
For alternate route to reach Rogers and Silver Queen mines

(see pages 30, 31), continue straight ahead fr·om mile 8. O.
8.8 Bridge.
9. 9 Rogers mine in pasture on right, opposite T. B. Thompson

gate.
10. 4 Bridge.
11. 4 Turn-off (r ight) to Silver Queen mine .
Refs.: _!2.p . 78; 69 p . 189; 2_2.p. 133.

Globe Graphite Mine
GRAPHITE, PYROXENE, SERPENTINE, CHLORITE, TITANITE,

TOURMALINE, MICA, FELDSPAR, CALCITE, SCAPOLITE, PYRITE.
In silicated crystalline limestone.
The minerals occur as disseminations in white crystalline limestone . Gra-

phite is most abundant in limestone containing a high percentage of dull green
pyroxene which is commonly altered to serpentine and chlorite. Dark brown,
wedge -shaped crystals (averaging 1 inch long ) of titanite are common in
quartz-feldspar matrix . Tourmaline occurs as brownish orange grains in
limestone.
The deposit was worked intermittently between 1870 and 1919 and was the
first graphite mine in Ontario. The main workings consisted of an open pit
(400 feet by 10 to 30 feet ) and two shafts (250 feet and 106 feet deep). Orig-
inally the ore was treated at a mill at Rideau Ferry (formerly Oliver ' s
Ferry). In 1902, an old woollen mill on the Tay River in Port Elmsley was
converted into a plant for the treatment of graphite ore. Specimens may be
obtained from small dumps adjacent to the pit. The deposit i s on the property
of Mr. James Coutts.
Mile 0.0 Turn right onto road to Rideau Ferry (see log for perthite
occurrences).
3. 8 Junction road to Otty Lake; continue straight ahead .

- 39 -
Mile 5.Z James Coutts house on left. Obtain permission to enter

Globe mine.
5. 3 Junction; road turns right to Rideau Ferry. Continue straight

ahead along Port Elmsley Road.
5. 6 Globe mine on right opposite the John McLean farmhouse.

To reach the pit walk south along the fence (separating a gar-
den and field) for ZOO yards. The pit is in a wooded area and
extends in an east-west direction on both sides of the fence.
Most of the mining operations were conducted from the east-
ern end of the pit and from the shaft directly south of this
end. The other shaft is located ZOO ·feet from the road on the
east side of the fence . .
Refs.: _!ip. 3; 3Z pp. 35-38; ~pp. Z9-4Z; ~pp. Z9-35.

Fournier Mine
MAGNETITE, APATITE, MICA, HORNBLENDE, SCAPOLITE,

PYROXENE, PYRITE, CHALCOPYRITE.
In gneiss.
Massive magnetite is associated with minor amounts of apatite, mica, etc.

The scapolite is granular massive, greenish to yellowish grey and fluoresces
a rose red colour when exposed to 'short' ultraviolet rays.
The deposit was worked by numerous pits and a shaft in the 1870s. About 600
tons of ore were produced. Most of the pits have since been filled in. Spec -
imens of magnetite may be obtained from several small dumps . The deposit
is on the farm of Mr. W. Fournier.
Road log from Perth at mile 58. 1 of Kingston - Westport-Perth Road:
Mile 0. 0 Turn left onto road to Chris tie Lake.
l Z. 6 Junction road to Christie Lake Boy's Camp; continue straight

ahead.
14. 9 W. Fournier farmhouse on right. The dumps are in the pas-

ture just north of the house.
Ref.: ~P· 38.

- 40 -
This is the last locality d escribed along the Kingston-Westport-Perth Road;

the main road log along Highway 2 east from Kingston is resumed.
Mile 3.0 Kingston, at junction Highway 15 .
Log for side trip along Highway 15 from Kingston to Smiths Falls
(underlined localities are described in text following road log):
Mile 0. 0 Leave Highway 2 and proceed north along Highway 15 .
1. 9 McGinnis & O'Connor quarry on left .
4. 1 Turn-off to Highway 401 east.
4. 15 Turn-off to Highway 401 west.
4. 4 Road-cut on right. See McGinnis & O'Connor quarry des -

cription for description of rock.
10. 3 Junction road to Joyceville Penintentiary.
10. 9 Junc tion, on right, road to Griffin Brothers quarry.
11. 2 Junction Joyceville Road.
23. 2 Junction Highway 32.
23. 5 Road- cuts, both sides of highway.
23. 9 Junction Leeds County Road 2. A side trip to Black Rapids

and Higley Lake quartz crystal occurrence begins at this
junction (se e page 42 ) .
27. 0 Road-cut, on left.
27. 05 Morton, at bridge.
27. 1 Road- cut, on l eft.
27. 15 Junction, road to Jones Falls.
27. 25
to Road -cuts
27.9
28.0 Turn-off (left) to Morton Park picnic site.
28. 1
to Road-cuts on both sides of highway.
28.3
3 1. 8 Turn-off (right ) to Elgin.
32.3 Road-cuts, both sides of highway.

- 41 -
Mile 36. 1 Junction Highway 42 .
40. 2 Junction Harlem-Cedar Cove Road.
42. 1 Road-cut on left.
42. 15 Junction Burgess Road.
42. 8 Road-cuts, both sides of highway.
44. 2 Junction Portland Graphite Road.
47. 8 Road - cuts both sides of road.
49. 6 Junction Otter Lake Road.
50. 6 Junction road to Rideau Ferry, Perth via Lombardy.
57. 2 Smiths Falls, at junction Highway 29 (i.e. Lombard and

Brockville Streets).
57. 75 Smiths Falls, at junction Highway 43 (i.e. intersection

Beckwith and Elmsley Streets).
McGinnis & O'Connor Quarry
CELESTITE, CALCITE, MARCASITE, FOSSILS.
This limestone is similar to that found in the Kingston Township and

McFarland quarries except that fossils are much less abundant. Colourless
calcite crystals (dogtooth spar) commonly fill cavities in the limestone and,
occurring on the calcite are colourless to white, elongated tabular aggregates
of celestite. Marcasite occurs sparingly in the limestone and in calcite. The
road-cut at mile 4. 4 exposes similar rock to that found in the quarry.
The quarry and crushing plant are operated by McGinnis & O'Connor Limited.
The stone is used for road construction and concrete aggregate. The
entrance to the quarry is 0. 1 mile west of Highway 15 at mile 1. 9.
Ref.: 2 9 pp. 6 9 - 7 1.
Maps (T): 31 C/8W Gananoque.

Griffin Brothers Quarry
GYPSUM, CALCITE, FOSSILS.

- 42 -
Colourless to grey calcite crystals (dogtooth spar) occur in limestone cavities

m eas uring up to 8 inches across. Gypsum (sele nite), as transparent tabular
plates (about an inch long), is associated with calcite in some cavities.
Fossils characteristic of the Black River Limestones are found sparingly in
the rock.
The quarry belongs to Griffin Brothers contractors of Gananoque . Acc ess is

by a road, 0. 1 mile long, leading east from Highway 15 at mile 10. 9.
Maps (T): 31 C /SW Gananoque .

Road-cuts at mile 23.5, Highway 15
TOURMALINE, TITANITE, SERPENTINE, PYRITE, GRAPHITE, MICA.
In white pegmatite and crystalline limesto ne.
The road-cuts expose white pegmatite composed of white feldspar and tan-
coloured quartz, and crystalline lime stone. The pegmatite contains columnar
aggregates (up to 3 inches long) of dark brown tourmaline, tiny brown c rys-
tals of titanite and small patches of pyrite, graphite and dark mica. Grains
of serpentine, pyrite, titanite and graphite oc c ur in crystalline limestone.
Maps (T): 31 C /BE Gana noque.

(G): 27-1962Gananoque, Ontario (GSC).
Road log for side trip to Black Rapids and Higley Lake quartz crys -
tal localities (from mile 23. 9 on Highway 15):
Mile 0.0 Turn right (east) onto Leeds County Road 2 (to Lyndhurst).
2. 0 Road-cut. The exposure consists of crystalline limestone

containing greyish green massive scapolite (fluoresces
orange under the 'long' ultraviolet rays), and grains of ser-
pentine, brown tourmaline, graphite, pyrite and mica.
4. 8 Junction road to Lansdowne; turn right (this junction is O. 25

mile south of the bridge at Lyndhurst).
8. 3 Road-cut, on right. The road-cut exposes black tourmaline

with minor amounts of dark brown mica, pyrrhotite, titanite
(very small grains) and serpentine in a matrix of white feld-
spar and quartz.
9. 3 Road-cut on left. The exposure is similar to the one at mile

8.3.
9. 5 Road-cuts, both sides of the road. Black tourmaline and

dark green pyroxene are associated with small amounts of
salmon-pink calc ite, se rpentine , titanite and pyrite in a
quart z -feldspar rock.
- 43 -
Mineral occurrence . . . . X
Map 3. Black Rapids - Higley Lake quartz crystal occurrences

- 44 -
Mile 9.6 Black Rapids bridge.
9. 7 Crossroad; road on left leads to the Black Rapids quartz

crystal mine (see description following this log). To con-
tinue road log, proceed straight ahead.
9. 8 Road-cuts, both sides of road. The exposed rock is a

pyroxene-calcite rock containing patches of pyrrhotite .
11. 2 Trail on left for access to Higley Lake quartz crystal occur-
rences (see description below).
Black Rapids, Higley Lake Quartz Crystal Deposits
QUARTZ-CRYSTALS, BARITE, CHLORITE, HEMATITE.
In quartz veins cutting brecciated Precambrian rocks.
The quartz crystals occur as aggregates and as individual doubly-terminated

crystals up to 5 inches long and about an inch across. They occupy vugs in
milky quartz. The smaller crystals are clear but the larger ones are gener-
ally milky. Reddish brown hematite coats some of the crystals and, in some
cases, fine, micaceous specularite occupies spaces between crystals. Phan-
tom crystals having a thin film of red hematite or of green chlorite between
the original and regenerated crystal, are common. Cream-white to slightly
pinkish barite occurs sparingly as small platy aggregates on the quartz crys -
tals.
The Black Rapids quartz crystal deposit was operated during World War II
when quartz crystals were in demand for use in radio and radar equipment.
The mine is no longer in operation, and it is not accessible to visitors. Spec-
imens may be purchased from Mr. T. J. McConnell, owner of the property.
To reach the property, turn left at the crossroad (mile 9. 7) and proceed 0.4
mile to a farmhouse on the left side of the road. Specimens may be collected
from several small prospect pits near Higley Lake. The pits are scattered
in a wooded area and are not easy to locate. Access to the area is by a trac -
tor road that leaves the Lyndhurst-Lansdowne Road at mile 11. 2 (just before
crossing a bridge over a swampy area). The nearest pit is at the southern
end of Higley Lake approximately 200 yards from the road. Other pits may
be reached by following the ridge along the west side of Higley Lake (see
map).
Refs.: 27 pp. 1, 4-6; 78 pp. 128-129.
Maps (T): 31 C/9E Westport.

(G): 44-8A Higley Lake, Rear of Leeds and Lansdowne Township,
Leeds County, Ontario (GSC 1 inch to 800 feet).
l 182A Westport, Ontario (GSC).
The text returns to descriptions of occurrences along Highway 15.

- 45 -
Road-cuts on Highway 15, miles 27. 0 and 27. 1
TITANITE, TREMOLITE, PYROXENE, APATITE, SERPENTINE, MICA,

GRAPHITE, PYRITE,
In siliceous crystalline limestone .
Graphite, as disseminated flakes and massive patches, light green pyroxene

and serpentine are the most common minerals at these exposures. Titanite
occurs as dark brown crystals measuring up to 1/2 inch across and an inch
long . Bluish green apatite crystals (generally very small), transparent, grey
columnar aggregates of tremolite, and massive pyrite were also noted .
The road-cuts are on the west side of the highway.

Road-cuts on Highway 15, miles 27. 25 and 27, 9
(a) CORDIERITE, SILLIMANITE, MAGNETITE, PYRITE, DUMORTIERITE;

(b) TALC .
(a) In gneiss; (b) in crystalline limestone.

The road-cuts expose dark quartz -biotite -feldspar gneiss containing cordier -
ite, sillimanite and small grains of magnetite and pyrite . The cor dierite
commonly occurs as dark blue pods (about an inch long) generally altered to
a green mica or chlorite along the edges. Sillimanite is found as white sheaf-
like aggregates about an inch long , and as bluish fibrous aggregates. Small
grains of transparent purplish blue dumortierite were found in quartz; thes e
grains were visible with the aid of a magnifying lens .
Hard, greenish, massive talc has been found as patches in white serpentine -
bearing limestone w hich is interbedded with gneiss at the road-cut at mile
27. 9.
Refs .: 77pp. 21, 30-31,40, 44, 67 , 92, 228;~pp. 20, 25.

Road-cuts on Highway 15, mile 28. 1 to mile 28. 3
PYROXENE, APATITE, CALCITE, TITANITE, ZIRCON, SCAPOLITE,

SERPENTINE, FELDSPAR, PYRITE.
The limestone exposed by these road-cuts contains much dark green massive
pyroxene resulting in a rock that is much darker in c olour than other crystal-
line limestones in the area. Minerals occurring in the rock are: apatite, as
light greenish blue c rystals (measuring up to an inch across) and as granular
- 46 -
masses; salmon pink coarsely crystalline calcite; titanite, as small trans-

parent brown grains; zircon, as transparent, mauvish pink grains (not readily
visible without magnification); s capolite as bluish grey, small crystals and in
massive form; dark brown serpentine; greyish white feldspar; and tiny crys -
tals of pyrite. Dark green to almost black pyroxene crystals are common in
a calcite-apatite matrix .
The road-cuts are on both side s of the highway between the north and south
turn-offs to Morton Park picnic site.

Road-cut on Highway 15 at mile 32 . 3
The cut exposes an unconformity between Palaeozoic sandstone and

Precambrian gneiss.

(G): l 182A Westport , Ontario (GSC) .
Road-cut on Highway 15, at mile 42. 1
GRAPHITE, PYROXENE, PYRITE, APATITE, TITANITE, FELDSPAR.

Graphite is common as small masses and flakes in crystalline limestone of

which feldspar is an abundant constituent . Dark green pyroxene forms 13.rge
blotches (about a foot across) in the rock . Associated mine rals present in
small amounts are apatite, pyrit e and titanite, the latter as transparent
brown crystals averaging 1/8 inc h long.

(G): l 182A Westport, Ontario (GSC).
Road-cuts on Highway 15 at mile 42 . 8
TOURMALINE, SERPENTINE, FELDSPAR, TREMOLITE, TITANITE,

APATITE, PYROXENE, GRAPHITE, PYRITE, MICA.
Tourmaline occurs as orange to brown transparent striated crystals (up to

1 1/2 inches long and 1/2 inch across) and crystalline aggregates; it fluoresces
deep yellow under the 'short' ultraviolet rays. Massive grey to bluish grey
feldspar is common. Pyroxene forms dark green crystalline aggregates
some of which have altere d to olive -green or greyish green serpentine.
Graphite flakes and flaky masses are diss e minate d throughout th e limestone.
Minerals present in relatively small amounts are: tremolite, as transparent
grey radiating columnar aggregates; titanite, as amber to light brown grains;
apatite, as light blue grains; pyrite as tiny crystals and grains; and light
amber mica.
- 47 -
The road-cuts are on both sides of the hi ghway just north of the junction of
the Burgess Road.

Road-cuts on Highway 15 at mile 47. 8
TREMOLITE, TALC, QUARTZ, MICA, PYRITE.
The road-cuts expose crystalline limestone in contact with dark gneiss.

Colourless, grey and greenish tremolite and quartz are abundant constituents
of the limestone. Massive light green talc occurs as an alteration product of
tremolite. Silvery-amber mica books averaging 2 inches across and tiny
pyrite grains are also present in the limestone.
Maps (T): 31 C/16E Perth .

(G): 1089A Perth, Lanark and Leeds Counties, Ontario (GSC) .
This is the last locality described along the Highway 15 side trip; the main
road log along Highway 2 from mile 19. 9 is resumed.
Mile 19.9 Gananoque, at junction Highway 32, th e occurrences along

Highway 15 may be reached by proceeding 12 . 5 miles north
on Highway 32 to its junction with Highway 15.
Marble Rock Quartz Mine
QUARTZ CRYSTALS
In quartz veins cutting brecciated Precambrian rocks.
This deposit is similar to the quartz crystal deposit at Black Rapids. It was
worked during World War II by a pit at the side of a ridge. Specimens are
available from a dump adjacent to the opening.
Road log from Highway 2 at mile 19 . 9 (for alternate route se e mile

22. 2) .
Mile 0. 0 Gananoque; proceed north along Highway 32.
3. 9 Junction Marble Ro c k Road; turn right ( this junction is 8. 6

miles south of the junction of Highways 32 and 15):
7. 3 Bridge at Marble Rock. Turn right after crossing bridge.
7. 7 Junction single lane road on left, turn left .

- 48 -
Mile 7.8 End of road. Walk along the base (east side) of the ridge for
about 200 yards to the mine.
Ref.: '!:!._pp. 4-6.
Maps (T): 31 C/8E Gananoque.

(G): 27-1962 Gananoque, Ontario (GSC) .
Mile 22. 2 Junction Road to Marble Rock.
Alternate route to Marble Rock quartz crystal mine
Mile 0.0 Proceed north along road to Marble Rock.
2. 7 Jun ction; turn l eft.
3. 5 Junction; single lane road; turn right.
3. 6 End of road. Walk along the base (east side) of the ridge for
about 200 yards to the mine.
Mile 41. 0 Junction; road to Lyn.
Mile 41. 7 Road-cuts, both sides of Highway 2.
TOURMALINE, TITANITE, PYRRHOTITE.
In coarse arkosic sandstone.
The tourmaline is jet black and forms crystalline aggregates about an inch
across. Reddish brown titanite (up to 1/4 inch long) and grains of pyrrhotite
are scattered throughout the rock. The sandstone has a greenish tint and
contains grains of feldspar exhibiting a blue opalescence.
Maps (T): 31 BI l 2E Brockville.

(G): 7-1963 Brockville -Mallorytown area, Ontario (GSC).
Mile 50 . 6 Brockville, at junction Highway 29/42 (King Stre·et West and

Court Hous e Avenue).
Quarry off Highway 29
CALCITE, MARCASITE, MICA.
In sandy dolomite.
- 49 -
White to brownish pink coarsely crystalline calcite occupies cavities about an

inch across in the dolomite . The calcite fluoresces pink under the 'short'
ultraviolet rays. Dark brown-stained marcasite nodules averaging 3/4 inch
across are common. Dull greenish blue mica occurs as very fine flakes in
parts of the dolomite giving the rock a bluish cast.
The quarry is no longer in operation and the lower level is water -filled.
Specimens are available from the upper level.
Road log from Highway 2 at Brockville.
Mile 0.0 Turn left (north) onto Highways 29/42 (Court House Avenue).
I. 4 Intersection Parkdale Avenue; continue straight ahead.
6. I Junction New Dublin Road; continue straight ahead.
6. 15 Turn right onto road to quarry.
6.2 Quarry.
Maps (T): 31 B/12W Brockville.

(G): 7 -1963 Brockville -Mallorytown area, Ontario (GSC).
Mile 52.5 Turn-off (left) to Permanent Concrete Quarry.
Permanent Concrete Quarry
Sandy dolomite, similar to that found in the quarry on Highway 29, is cur-
rently being quarried here. The quarry is located 0. 2 mile north of Highway
2.
Maps (T): 31 B /I 2E Brockville.

(G): 7-1963 Brockville - Mallorytown area, Ontario (GSC) .
Mile 66.2 Junction Highway 16 and turn - off to bridge to the United
States.
71. 7 Cardinal, at junction Dundas Street.
75. I Junction single lane road (on left) to Fetterly's quarry.
Fetterly's Quarry
CALCITE, PYRITE, QUARTZ CRYSTALS.
In limestone.
White to pink crystalline calcite is associated with pyrite in cavities and

veins. The calcite fluoresces pink under the 'short' ultraviolet rays. Small
quartz crystals line cavities measuring up to 6 inches across. The quarry,
not in operation in 1966, is water-filled at the lower level.
•
- 50 -
Plate IV . Calcite -filled coral colonies, McFarland's quarry, Williamsburg.

(GSC 138742).
Access is by the road ( 0. 5 mil e long) leading north from Highway 2 at mile
75. 1.
Maps (T): 31 B/14W Morrisburg .

(G): 7 lOA Prescott , Ontario (GSC, 1 inch to 2 mil es ) .
Mile 75.9 Turn-off (left) to M c Farland's Iroquois quarry.

- 51 -
McFarland's Iroquois Quarry
The limestone at this quarry is similar to that at Fetterly's quarry. The

deposit is being worked by McFarland Construction Company to supply road
metal for the construction of Highway 401.
Access is by the road (0. 2 mile long) leading north from Highway 2 at mile
75. 9.
Maps (T}: 31 B/14W Morrisburg.

(G): 7 lOA Prescott , Ontario (GSC, 1 inch to 2 miles).
Mile 77. 2 Iroquois, at junction Carman Road .
85.0 Morrisburg, at junction Highway 31.
McFarland's Williamsburg Quarry (Plate IV)
CELESTITE, STRONTIANITE, CALCITE, FOSSILS.
In limestone .
Celestite as bluish white radiating fibrous aggregates (up to 2 inches across)

is commonly associated with colourless to grey transparent crystalline cal -
cite. Occurring less commonly is grey fibrous strontianite which is found as
small masses on crystalline calcite that lines cavities in the limestone.
Calcite-filled coral colonies measuring up to 2 feet across are common.
Worm burrows were observed in the rock. The limestone is of Ordovician
age and i s being quarried by the McFarland Construction Company for use in
the building of Highway 401.
Mile 0.0 Proceed north on Highway 31.
5.9 Williamsburg, at flashing light; turn right onto Road No. 18

to Osnabruck.
8. 1 Junction road to quarry; turn left.
8. 2 Quarry.
Maps (T}: 31 B/14E Morrisburg.

(G): 710A Prescott, Ontario (GSC , 1 inch to 2 miles).
Mile 91. 6 Turn-off (on right) to Upper Canada Village .
Mile 106.0 Junction Richmond Drive.
Silvertone Marble Quarry
LIMESTONE,
- 52 -
The limestone is fine-textured, very dark grey and takes a high polish. It is
used as ornamental stone for interior decoration. The quarry is operated by
Silvertone Black Marble Quarries Limited of Crysler.
Road log from Highway 2 at mile 106. O:
Mile 0. 0 Turn left (north) onto Richmond Drive.
1. 4 Junction; turn right and continue straight ahead where main

road turns l e ft.
1. 7 Junction quarry road; turn right.
1. 9 Quarry .
Ref.: §2. p. 42 .
Maps (T): 31 G/2W Cornwall .
(G): 661A Maxville, Ontario and Quebec (GSC, 1 inch to 2 miles).
Mile 109.9 Cornwall, at turn-off to bridge to United States.
128.3 Lancaster, at junction Highway 34.
145.8 Junction road to Meloche quarry.
Meloche Quarry (Coteau Landing)
DOLOMITE, CALCITE, PYRITE,
In limestone.
Crystals of pinkish white dolomite occur with massive calcite in cavities

about 4 inches long. Crystal aggregates of pyrite are also found in the lime-
stone which is of Ordovician age . The quarry and crushing plant are operated
by Meloche Inc.
Access is via a road, O. 2 mile long, leading north from Highway 2 at mile
145 . 8.
Maps (T): 31 G/8E Vaudreuil.

(G): 660A Valleyfi e ld, Quebec and Ontario (GSC, 1 inch to 2 miles).
Mile 145.9 Junction Highway 3A/ 14.
Log for side trip along south shore of the St . Lawr e nce River
(underlined localities are described in text following road log):
Mile 0. 0 Junction Highways 2 and 3A/ 14; proc e ed east along Highway
3A/ 14.
2. 2 Salaberry-de-Valleyfield; turn-off on left to Paul Viau quarry..

- 53 -
Mile 3. 0 Junction Highways 3A and 14; continue straight ahead on

Highway 3A.
5.3 JunctionHighways 3A and 3; proce e d straight ahead along

Highway 3 .
14.4 Melochville sandstone quarry (active) on right.
14.9 Melochville sandstone quarry (inac tive) on right.
26.6 Junction Highway 4; proceed along Highway 4/ 3 toward

Montreal.
28 . 7 Turn-off (left) to Rivermont quarry.
29 .7 Junction road to Caughnawaga; continue along Highway 4/ 3.
30.9 Turn-off to Montreal via Mercier bridge.
35. 3 JunctionHighw ays 9C and 3 ; proc e ed straight ahead on

Highway 9C.
38 . 6 Highway 9C ends; proce e d along Highway 9 .
42 . 0 Junction Highway 9B/7; proceed along Highway 7 /9/9B.
45.4 Turn-off to Montreal via Champlain bridge; continue straight

ahead .
46 . 1 Turn-off to Montreal via Victoria bridge; continue straight

ahead along Highway 9B .
48 . 65 Junction Highway 1/9. Highway 9B continues 2. 1 miles

straight ahe ad to the Jacques Cartie r bridge; turn right onto
Highwa y 1/9 .
51. 8 JunctionHighways 1 and9; proceed a long Highway 9.
55 . 9 Junction road to St-Bruno , Goyer and Dulude quarries.
64. 3 St-Hilair e , at junction Highway 21.
67. 5 Junction road to St-Je an-Baptiste and Mont St-Hilaire quarry.
P a ul Viau Quarry
CALCITE, PYRITE.
In lime stone and dolomit e .

White to orang e crystalline calcite is common in c avities about 4 inches long.
Tiny pyrite c rystals o cc ur sparingly w ith the calcite. The rocks are of
Ordovician ag e. The quarry is operate d by Paul Viau Constru c tion Compan y
for use in road building . The crushing plant is a c ross the road from the
quarry at mil e 2. 2.
- 54 -
Maps (T): 31 G /SE Vaudreuil.

(G): 660A Valleyfield Quebec and Ontario(GSC, 1 inch to 2miles).
Melochville Quarries
SANDSTONE.
The sandstone is cream coloured with buff, yellowish or pinkish tones; some
of it is banded in these shades. It is known as Potsdam sandstone and is of
Cambrian age. Mica forms greyish to greenish blue patches on the rock.
The sandstone has been used for the construction of the Beauharnois canal
and of local buildings, for glass -making and for use in the manufacture of
ferro-silicon. Exposures of the rock can be seen along the highway between
Melochville and Beauharnois.
The quarries are on the south side of Highway 3 at mile 14. 4 and 14. 9.
Ref.: .!.Q. pp. 17 -19' 131-132.

Maps (T): 31 H/SW Lachine.
(G): 801 Lachine, Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Rivermont Quarry
CALCITE, KAOLINITE, PYRITE, SIDERITE, FOSSILS.
In limestone .
The limestone contains numerous shell fossils of Ordovician age. On the

weathered surface the shells are partially coated with dull rusty-brown sid-
erite. Aggregates of colourless calcite crystals occupy cavities (up to an
inch across) in the limestone and in white massive calcite veins measuring
about 2 inches wide. White powdery kaolinite occurs as irregular patches on
calcite and limestone. The quarry is operated by Rivermont Construction
Company Limited.
Access is by a road (0. 2 mile long) leading west from Highway 4/3 at mile
28.7.
Ref.: .!.Q. pp . 34-36.

Maps (T): 31 H/SE Lachine .
(G): 801 Lachirie, Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Goyer Quarry
CALCITE, STRONTIANITE, QUARTZ, PLAGIOCLASE, PYRITE, FOSSILS,

ANALCITE, DOLOMITE, CHLORITE, OLIVINE, TALC, JAROSITE.
In limestone, shale, igneous dykes.

- 55 -
Cavities in grey limestone are commonly lined with white calcite rhombs
(about 3/4 inch across) and colourless dogtooth spar. Tiny crystals of colour-
less transparent quartz, white platy plagioclase, colourless to white radiat-
ing fibrous strontianite (about 1/2 inch across) and tiny pyrite crystals are
associated with the calcite. Ordovician shell fossils are abundant in char -
coal grey shale. They are commonly replaced by finely granular pyrite and
by silvery-white to chalk white calcite. Earthy yellowish to reddish brown
jarosite forms coatings on the rock. Igneous sills and dykes cutting the sedi-
mentary rocks contain phenocrysts (measuring up to 1 inch long) of colour -
less to white analcite, greenish yellow olivine, dolomite, chlorite and talc.
The quarry is operated by Carriere Goyer (Division of Dominion Lime

Limited).
Mile 0.0 Turn left (north) onto road to St-Bruno .
1. O St-Bruno, at intersection Montarville and Rabastaliere

Streets; turn left onto Montarville Street.
2. 2 Junction; bear right and follow road toward St-Amable.
3. 4 Goyer quarry .
Ref.: .!..!_pp . 21, 43.
Maps (T): 31 H/llW Beloeil.

(G): 848 Beloeil, Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Dulude Quarry
CALCITE, PYRITE, DOLOMITE, ACTINOLITE, PYRRHOTITE, FOSSILS;

PYROXENE, AMPHIBOLE, OLIVINE; DAWSONITE, QUARTZ, ANALCITE.
In hornfels, igneous rock and limestone.
White massive calcite containing cavities lined with dogtooth spar occurs with
crystalline pyrite in veins up to 2 inches wide. Colourless crystalline dolo-
mite occurs along fractures in the hornfels. Green radiating actinolite is
associated with patches of massive pyrrhotite on hornfels. Ordovician shell
fossils replaced by finely granular pyrite occur abundantly in layers in horn-
fels; attractive specimens can be obtained from freshly broken surfaces.
Fossils reported from the quarry include graptolites, worms, brachiopods ,
cephalopods, pelecypods and trilobites. Igneous rocks cutting the hornfels
contain phenocrysts of pyroxene, amphibole, olivine and calcite. Colourless
to white radiating dawsonite associated with quartz, analcite and pyrite has
been reported to occur (Ref. No. 38) in fractures in black limestone.
The quarry is operated by Carriere Dulude Limitee (Dominion Lime Limited)

whose office is in St-Bruno.
- 56 -
Plate V. Side rite crystals on albite, Mont St-Hilaire quarry. Specimen

courtesy National Mineral Collection. (Actual size) ( 200383-H)
Plate VI. Acmite crystals in albite, microcline, Mont St-Hilaire quarry.

Specimen courtesy National Mineral Collection.
(Actual size) (200383-G)
- 57 -
Road log from Highway 9 at mile 55. 9.
Mile 0.0 Proceed north along road to St-Bruno.
1. 0 St-Bruno; turn left onto Montarville Street.
2. 2 Junction; bear right along road to St - Amable.
2. 7 Junction road to Goyer quarry; continue straight ahead.
4. 2 Dulude quarry.
Refs.: _!J_pp. 21, 26, 43; ~pp. 378-379.
Maps (T): 31 H/llW Beloeil.

(G): 848 Beloeil, Quebec (Que . Dept. Natural Resources).
Mont St - Hilaire Quarry (Plates V, VI)
ACMITE, ALBITE, MICROCLINE, ANALCITE, CALCITE, CATAPLEIITE,

FLUORITE, NATROLITE, SIDERITE, ACTINOLITE, ANCYLITE,
ASTROPHYLLITE, AUGITE, CANCRINITE, DIOPSIDE, EUDYALITE,
GENTHELVITE, Gt'.lTZENITE, NEPHELINE, PYROCHLORE,
RHODOCHROSITE, SERANDITE, ELPIDITE, EPIDIDYMITE, ZIRCON,
APOPHYLLITE, NEPTUNITE, HACKMANITE, LEUCOPHANITE,
POLYLITHIONITE, PYROPHANITE, RA¥,SAYITE, RINKITE, SANIDINE,
SODALITE, TITANITE, WILLEMITE, WOHLERITE, ANKERITE,
BASTNAESITE, SYNCHISITE, BRITHOLITE, LEUCOSPHENITE,
NARSARSUKITE, PECTOLITE, THOMSONITE, VESUVIANITE,
DAWSONITE, APATITE, AMPHIBOLE, DOLOMITE, CHLORITE,
DATOLITE, GARNET, MUSCOVITE, BIOTITE, PHLOGOPITE, QUARTZ,
SPHALERITE, PYRITE, RUTILE, GALENA, GOETHITE, LIMONITE,
MARCASITE, HEMATITE, ILMENITE, MAGNETITE, MOLYBDENITE,
CHALCOPYRITE, ARSENOPYRITE, PYRRHOTITE, BIRNESSITE,
KARPINSKYITE, BURBANKITE, WURTZITE, BROOKITE, CROCIDOLITE.
In nepheline syenite.
The most abundant minerals are: acmite, as dark green, brown or black
acicular or elongated prismatic crystals; albite, as colourless to white platy
aggregates; micr ocline, as white or grey tabular crystals, or massive; anal-
cite, as colourless crystals (up to 15 cm across) and as white crystalline
patches; calcite, as colourless, light yellow, green, blue or white crystalline
aggregates; catapleiite, as colourless, yellowish white or tan coloured hexa-
gonal plates (up to 10 cm across); fluorite, as colourless, green or purple
transparent crystals and in massive form; natrolite, as colourless, white or
yellowish fibrous, prismatic or platy crystals, or in massive form; siderite,
as dull brown crystals (up to 20 cm across) and as tan coloured transparent
crystalline aggregates. Other less common minerals are: actinolite, as light
to dark green, colourless to light brown, acicular and elongated prismatic
crystals and in massive form; ancylite, as pink transparent prismatic crys-
tals (up to 3 cm long) and in massive form; astrophyllite, as brownmicaceous
- 58 -
or radiating clusters with splendent to pearly lustre; augite, deep purple to

black, vitreous in massive form; cancrinite, as yellow, white or grey fibrous
aggregates, prismatic crystals (up to 3 mm long) and in massive form; diop-
side, as gr een prismatic crystals and massive; eudialyte, as pink, deep red,
brown or de ep yellow granular patches; genthelvite, as pistachio-green trans-
parent tetrahedral crystals; gtltzenite, as tan coloured radiating acicular
aggregates; nepheline, as greyish green to pink masses; pyrochlore, as
brown octahedral crystals; rhodochrosite, as pink. to red or orange rhombs,
platy aggregates or massive; serandite, as pink to reddish brown prismatic
crystals (up to 10 cm long), also massive or fibrous; elpidite, as pale green
to white or grey prismatic crystals (up to 5 cm long) and fibrous aggregates
with silky lustre; epididymite, as white, silky prismatic crystals (up to 5 mm
long) and massive; zircon, as brown crystals and massive; neptunite, as deep
red to black prisms; hackmanite , as purple masses that fade on exposure and
fluoresce yellow when exposed to ultraviolet rays; leucophanite , as green
tabular crystals (up to 3 cm across) that fluoresce pink under ultraviolet
light; polylithionite, as pearly white micaceous aggregates that fluoresc e dull
yellow when exposed to 'short' ultraviolet rays; pyrophanite, as reddish
brown to black tabular crystals and thin flakes with adamantine lustre; ram-
sayite, as colourless to tan coloured, fine needles; rinkite, as yellowish
green to brownish yellow tabular crystals and massive; sanidine, as colour-
less crystalline aggregates; sodalite, as blue to mauve masses; titanite, as
tiny brown to yellow crystals; willemite, as colourless, white or grey tiny
prisms .; wbhlerite, as orange tabular crystals (up to 1 cm across); ankerite,
as grey vitreous rhombs; bastnaesite, as brownish green e arthy masses;
synchisite, as waxy brown, tiny plates; britholite, as light tan coloured platy
aggregates; l e ucosphenite, as light blue vitreous prisms (up to 1 cm long);
narsar sukite, as bright yellow tabular or prismatic crystals; pectolite , as
white silky fibrous aggregates, wedged-shaped crystals and massive; thom-
sonite, as grey prisms; vesuvianite, as green, yellow or brown prismatic
crystals (up to 1 cm long) and massive; dawsonite, as dull white earthy
patches ; apatite, as colourless prismatic and acicular crystals; amphibole,
as green to bluish green, long prisms; dolomite, as light green rhombohedral
aggregates; chlorite, as dark green to black spherical aggregates on other
mine rals; yellow massive datolite; dark green and reddish brown garnet;
muscovite, biotite, and phlogopite; smoky to colourless and pink quartz.
Metallic minerals include: black , yellow or green sphalerite, pyrite , black
rutile , galena, black goethite (pseudomorphs after siderite), yellow to brown
limonite (pseudomorphs after siderite), marcasite, earthy red hematite ,
black ilmenite, magnetite crystals, molybdenite flakes, chalcopyrite,
arsenopyrite (crystals), and pyrrhotite . Among the minerals occurring only
rarely are: dull black birnessite, associated with microcline, analcite, and
serandite; karpinskyite , as white silky, fine ne e dles associated with cata-
pleiite, eudialyte, acmite and microcline; burbankite, as light green tiny
prisms with analcite, zircon, acmite and eudialyte; wurtzite, as dull mauve
spherulites intergrown with sphalerite, or with analcite or acmite; brookite,
as black, pyramidal crystals with adamantine lustre associatedwithfeldspars
and acmite. The minerals described above oc c ur in veins and in vugs in neph-
eline syenite. Greyish blue , silky, fibrous crocidolite has been found in veins
cutting brecciated hornfels. The rocks are beli eve d to b e of Tertiary ag e.
The quarry, also known as the Desourdy quarry , is on the north side of Mont
St-Hilaire and is operated by De-Mix Limitee . It is not accessible to indi-
vidual collectors; organized groups may arrange a visit by writing about 2
weeks in advance to the Company at Longueuil, Quebec .
- 59 -
Road log from Highway 9 at mile 67. 5~
Mile 0.0 Turn right (south) onto road to St-Jean-Baptiste.
1.4 Quarry .
Refs.: .2_; .!...!_pp. 41-42, 58-59.

Maps (T): 31 H/ l lE Beloeil.
(G): 848 Beloeil, Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources) .
This is the last occurrence described for the South Shore side trip; the .main
log along Highway 2 is resumed.
Mile 145.9 Junction, Highway 3A/ 14; proceed straight ahead, on

Highway 2.
162. 1 Dorion, at junction Highway 17; proceed along Highway 17 /2

toward Montreal.
165.5 Ste -Anne -de -Bellevue, at junction Highway 37 (Ste - Anne

Road) .
- 60 -
SECTION 2
ISLAND OF MONTREAL - LAC ST -JEAN
Mile 0.0 Ste -Anne -de -Bellevue, at junction Highway 2 (Trans - Island
Boulevard) and Highway 37 (Ste -Anne Road). Proceed east
along Highway 2.
5. 9 Beaconsfield, at intersection St. Charles Road.
Meloche (Kirkland) Quarry
FOSSILS, PYRITE, CALCITE.
In limestone.
The lime stone belongs to the Black River Group and is of Ordovician age. It
contains shell fossils, thin veins of massive white calcite and small amounts
of pyrite. The quarry and crushing plant are operated by Meloche Inc. for
road metal.
Road log from Highway 2 at mile 5. 9 (intersection Trans -Island

Boulevard and St. Charles Road):
Mile o.o Turn left (north) onto St. Charles Road.
1. 2 Turn right onto quarry road.
1. 3 Meloche quarry .
Ref.: ..!:.Q pp. 49-57.

Maps (T): 31 H/5W Lachine.
(G): 801 Lachine, Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Mile 11. 4 Dorval, at junction Highway 2B (Cote de Liesse); continue

along Highway 2.
16. 2 Junction Highway 4/9C to Mercier bridge; continue along

Highway 2.
19. 7 Intersection Decairie Boulevard.
Log for side trip to Oka localities and St-Eustache quarry (underlined
localities are described in text following log):
Mile 0. 0 Proceed north along Decairie Boulevard.
3. 65 Junction; bear left and follow Laurentian Boulevard.
7. 2 Intersection Highway 37 (Gouin Boulevard); continue straight

ahead along Highway 8/ l lA.
- 61 -
Mile 9.3 Turn left onto Highway 8.
16. 2 Junction Highway 38; continue straight ahead.
17. 2 Junction Highway 29. Follow No. 29 to reach Oka Rare

Metals mine, St. Lawrence Columbium & Metals mine,
Quebec Columbium property, and Dufresne property. To
continue log proceed straight ahead along Highway 8.
17. 9 Turn-off (right) to Auto-route to Ste-Therese and to

St-Eustache quarry.
Oka Rare Metals Mine
AKERMANITE, HIBSCHITE, OLIVINE, PYROXENE, TITANITE, PYRITE,

TOURMALINE, ANALCITE, THOMSONITE, PEROVSKITE, CALCITE,
MAGNETITE.
In calcite rock.
The minerals occur as grains and patches forming constituents of the calcite
rock. Among the more common minerals are: tan coloured akermanite,
greenish yellow olivine, greyish white hibschite, olive-green pyroxene, dark
brown tourmaline, greenish grey feldspar , dark brown massive perovskite,
pyrite and magnetite. Analcite, thomsonite, titanite and anatase are less
common. The specimens are found in small dumps in the vicinity of the
shaft.
A 300-foot shaft was sunk on the property in 1956 by Oka Rare Metals Mining
Company but no work has been done on it. It was investigated as a
columbium-thorium deposit. Ther e are three small dumps n e ar the shaft.
Mile 0.0 Junction Highways 8 and 29; turn left (west) onto Highway
29 to Oka.
6. 3 Junction; turn right onto road to St-Joseph-du-Lac.
10.0 Turn right onto road to Delta Explosives and obtain permis -
sion at office to pass through gate.
10.2 Shaft and dumps.
Ref.: ~P· 10.
Maps (T): 31 G/9E Lachute.

(G): 1179 Oka area, Deux Montagnes Electoral District (Que.
Dept . Natural Resources, 1 inch to 2, 000 feet).
- 62 -
St. Lawrence Columbium & M etals Corporation Mine (Plate VII)
PYROCHLORE, APATITE, CHLORITE, PYROXENE (AEGIRINE),

MONTICELLITE, MAGNETITE, PYRITE, CALCITE.
Iri calcite rock.
Pyrochlore is the ore mineral of niobium (columbium) . It occurs as dark

reddish brown grains and crystals (up to about an inch across) in green ish
white, crystalline calcite that fluoresces very bright pink under the 'short'
ultr aviolet rays and reddish pink under the 'long' rays. The most abundant
associated minerals are: pyroxene, as dark green long prisms; chlorite, as
greenish black books generally less than an inch across; and apatite, as light
yellow to colourless sugary patches and tiny prisms. Magnetite and pyrite
are l ess common. Monticellite nodules have been reported from the deposit.
Niobium-bearing rocks were discovered in the Oka region in 195 3 by Mr.

Stephen Bond. Since then, numerous mining companies have conducted
exploration work in the area, but only th e St. Lawrence Columbium & Metals
Corporation is active at present. Its mine has been in production since 1961.
Open pit methods have been used and operations from a shaft commenced in
1967. Prospective visitors to the mine should make prior arrangements by
writing to the company mine office in Oka.
Mile o. 0 Junction Highways 8 and 29; turn l eft (west ) onto Highway 29
to Oka.
6. 3 Junction road to St-Joseph-du-Lac.
9. 3 Oka; turn right (north) onto road to St-Benoit.
9. 6 Turn-off to St. Lawrence Columbium & Metals mine on right
Refs.: ..!_1p. 14; ~pp. 9-10; 54 pp. I , 4-11; ~P· 88.

(G): 1179 Oka, D eux Montagnes El ectoral Distri ct (Que. Dept.
Natural Resources, I inch to 2, 000 feet).
54-22 Oka (GSC, I inch to 3, 500 feet).
Queb ec Columbium Property
NIOCALITE, MONTICELLITE, AKERMANITE, GARNET, PYROXENE

(AEGIRINE), PYROCHLORE, PEROVSKITE, APATITE, FORSTERITE,
MELILITE, MAGNETITE, PYRITE.
In bande d calcite rock .
Niocalite, a new niobium silicate mineral, was first described from this
locality in 195 6 by Dr. E. H. Nickel, D epartment of Energy, Mines and
Resources. The mineral is light to smoky or amber yellow, transparent to
- 63 -
Plate VII. Aegirine (long crystals), pyrochlore (indicated by

arrows) and chlorite in calcite ro ck, St. Lawrence
Columbium & Metals mine, Oka. (Actual size)
(200383-D)
- 64 -
turbid (in larger crystals), and occurs as slender prisms (up to 1 1/4 inches
long and 1/4 inch across) in crystalline greenish white calcite that fluoresces
pink when exposed to 'short' ultraviolet rays. Associated minerals occurring
as grains or patches are: amber yellow monticellite; light yellow apatite;
brownish yellow garnet; light brownish grey akermanite; dark greenpyroxene;
magnetite and pyrite. Forsterite, melilite and niobium minerals (pyrochlore
and perovskite) also occur in the rock.
The deposit has been exposed by trenches at the side of a hill and is known as
the Bond zone. Permission to visit it should be obtained from Mr. S. Bond,
Quebec Columbium Limited, Oka.
Road log from turn-off to St. Lawrence Columbium & Metals mine:
Mile 0.0 Turn-off to St. Lawr ence Columbium & Metals mine; con-
tinue straight ahead (north) along road to St-Benoit.
0. 85 Turn left onto farm lane leading to red-brick house. The

trenches are 200 yards west and 500 yards southwest of the
house.
Refs.: _!1p. 13; 43 pp. 785-786.

Maps (T): 31 G/9E Lachute .
(G): 1179 Oka, Deux Montagnes Electoral District (Que. Dept.
Natural Resources, 1 inch to 2, 000 feet).
54-22 Oka (GSC, 1 inch to 3, 500 feet).
Dufr esne Property (Quebec Columbium Manny Zone)
BRITHOLITE, APATITE, PYROCHLORE, NIOCALITE, BIOTITE,

MAGNETITE, FELDSPAR, QUARTZ.
In calcite rock.
Britholite is finely granular, massive and reddish brown with a slightly

resinous lustre. The rock that it occurs in is a mixture of calcite, mag-
netite, biotite, apatite, feldspar and quartz. Grains of dark brown pyro-
chlore and prisms of lemon yellow niocalite also occur in the rock.
The deposit was exposed by trenches during exploration conducted by Quebec

Columbium Limited b e tween 1954 and 1961.
Road log from turn-off to St. Lawrence Columbium & M etals mine
(se e page 62):
Mile 0.0 At turn-off to mine, continue straight ahead (north) along

road to St -Benoit.
O. 85 Turn-off to Quebec Columbium property (Bond Zone); con-

tinue straight ahead.
- 65 -
Mile 1. 6 Dufresne farmhouse on right (opposite junction road to Oka) .

Obtain permission from farmhouse to enter property . The
trenche s are located approximately 200 yards and 800 yards
northeast of the house.
Refs.: .I_1p . 14; 34 pp. 937-951; ~P · 9.

(G): 1179 Oka, Deux Montagnes Electoral District (Que. Dept.
Natural Resources, I inch to 2, 000 feet).
54-22 Oka (GSC, I inch to 3, 500 feet).
St-Eustache Quarry
DOLOMITE, QUARTZ CRYSTALS, PYRITE, PYROXENE .
In dolomite and limestone.
Dolomite occurs as transparent, colourless to pink, saddle -shaped crystal

aggregates lining cavities measuring up to 8 inches across. Individual dolo-
mite crystals measure up to 3/4 inch across. Tiny pyrite crystals and black,
fine acicular aggregates of pyroxene occur sparingly on dolomite crystals.
Clear, terminated crystals of quartz (up to 2 inches long) are associated with
the dolomite in some cavities. The rocks belong to the Beekmantown Group
and are of Ordovician age.
The quarry is operated by J. G. Mathers Inc. of St-Eustache. It is located on

the right (east) side of the Auto-route leading from St-Eustache to
Ste-Therese, at a point 2 miles east of the turn-off from Highway8(mile 17. 9
of log to Oka and St-Eustache localities).
Ref.: ..!..2. pp . 25 -34.
Maps (T): 31 H/ l ZW Laval.

(G): 800 Laval, Que bec (Que . Dept . Natural Resources).
This is the last locality described for the Oka-St-Eustache side trip; the
main road log along Highway 2 is resumed.
Mile 19. 7 Inters e ction Decairie Boulevard.
23. I Intersection Highway 11 (St. Laurent Boulevard).
24.3 Inter section Papineau Avenue . Localities along the South

Shore can be reached from here via the Jacques Cartier
bridge (se e pages 52 and 53, Section I).
26.2 Inte rsection Pie IX Boulevard (Highway 18).
Log for side trip to Rawdon area (underlined localities are described
in t e xt following log):
- 66 -
Mile o.o Intersection Pie IX Boulevard and Sherbrooke Street; proceed

north along Pie IX Boulevard.
2. 75 Intersection Jarry Street to Francon and Miron quarries.
5. 65 Intersection Highway 37 (Gouin Boulevard); continue straight

ahead.
6. 0 Intersection Highway 38 (Levesque Boulevard) to St-Vincent-

de-Paul and Cap-St - Martin quarries.
8. 6 Inactive quarry in woods on left (for description see

Terrebonne quarry).
9. 4 Terrebonne quarry on right.
10 . 8 St-Francois, at junction Highway 18 and 38 ; continue on

Highway• 18 .
11. 3 Terrebonne, at junction Highway 29; continue on Highway 18 .
26. 8 Junction Highway 41. To reach St-Lin and St-Calixte local-

ities, turn left; to continue log turn right onto Highway 41/18.
27. 9 St-Esprit, at junction; bear left onto Highway 18.
32. 9 Ste-Julienne; proceed right onto Highway 18 by-pass.
37. 3 Junction; Highway 18 goes left; proceed straight ahead to

Rawdon .
37. 8 Rawdon, at turn-off (right) to Dorwin Falls picnic site.
38.4 Rawdon, at junction Highway 33. For Garnet occurrence

turn left; to continue log turn right onto Highway 33.
38. 5 Highway 33 turns left; road straight ahead leads to

Manchester Falls. To continue log, continue on Highway 33.
39. 1 Junction; turn left leaving Highway 33.
46. 1 Junction Highway 42; turn left (onto No. 42).
49.4
to Road-cuts.
49. 5
50.2 Lac -des -Franrais road-cuts.
50.9
to Road-cuts.
51. 2
- 67 -
Mile 54. 1
to Road-cuts
55.8
55.8 St-Alphonse; continue on Highway 42.
59.3
to Road-cuts
63.2
66.8 St-Come, at bridge.
Franc on Quarry
DAWSONITE, CALCITE, WELOGANITE, QUARTZ, STRONTIANITE,

BARITE, PLAGIOCLASE, DOLOMITE, MARCASITE, FLUORITE,
ZIRCON, ANATASE, PYRITE, SIDERITE, SPHALERITE, GALENA,
GRAPHITE; FOSSILS.
In igneous sill cutting Ordovician limestone.
Numerous cavities in a grey, dense igneous sill are lined with: dawsonite, as
colourless, transparent, striated tiny square prisms, and as white finely
granular patches with satin lustre; calcite, as colourless crystals; we log anite,
as transparent yellow to colourless prismatic crystals commonly measuring
up to an inch long; strontianite, as white acicular and fibrous tufts, as colour-
less spheres and as colourless crystals; barite , as white platy and pale yellow
to peach-pink crystal aggregates; plagioclase, as white tiny plates; dolomite,
as pale yellow tiny crystals; marcasite, as tiny botryoidal and granular
masses; fluorite, as colour l ess tiny cubes and as black tiny masses; siderite,
as pale yellow rounded aggregates; an unidentified mineral occurring as white
spherical aggregates; another unidentified mineral occurring as snow white
loose granul ar patches; and colourless quartz crystals. In general, two or
more of these minerals occur together in the cavities. Tiny crystals and
grains of amber-yellow to light brown zircon occur in the rock. Dark blue,
opaque anatase occurs with fine pyrite grains in tiny pockets ( 1/8 to 1/4 inch
across) rimmed by black siderite and pyrite. Small patches of galena,
sphalerite and graphite occur sparingly in the rock. Fossils, including trilo-
bites, brachiopods and bryozoans are found in dark grey to black limestone.
A study of th e unidentified minerals is in progress .
The quarry and crushing plant are operated by Francon ( 1966) Limited for use
in road building. Prosp ect ive visitors to the deposit should make written
arrangements prior to the visit.
Road log from Highway 18 (Pie I X Blvd ,) at intersection Jarry Stre e t

(mile 2. 75):
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west) onto Jarry Street.
0. 4 Entrance to quarry on right .
Ref.: .!..Q_pp. 65-67.

- 68 -
Maps (T): 31H/12E Laval.

(G): 800 Laval, Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Miron Quarry
NATROLITE, CALCITE, ANALCITE, BURBANKITE, PLAGIOCLASE,

ORTHOCLASE, AEGIRINE, DAWSONITE, DOLOMITE, QUARTZ,
AMPHIBOLE, KAOLINITE, ANATASE, ILMENITE, SPHALERITE,
GRAPHITE, PYRITE; FOSSILS.
In igneous rocks cutting limestone.
Minerals identified from small cavities in a sill cutting the limestone include:
natrolite, as colourless, white and orange-red crystal aggregates, and as
pinkish red hair-like matted aggregates; calcite, as colourless to transparent
yellow crystals; burbankite, as colourless and reddish pink fine, hair -like
aggregates on calcite, orthoclas e, and/ or quartz crystals; plagioclase, as
white platy aggregates; orthoclase, as colourless tiny crystals; and aegirine,
as dark green and straw yel1ow acicular crystals. Graphite, pyrite and
amber-yellow sphaler ite occur in the rock. Small cavities in igneous dyk es
contain: colourless analcite crystals; colourless striated crystals of daw -
sonite generally associated with calcite crystals; white and pale ye llow dolo-
mite crystals; and colourless quartz crystals. Embedded in the rock are
brownish black, slender prisms of amphibole partly a ltered to cream-white
kaolinite. Tiny pockets of massive blue anatase and platy black ilmenite
occur in the rock. Patches of massive yellow sphalerite and of graphite, and
fine pyrite disseminations are found sparingly.
The limestone is of Ordovi c ian age and contains fossils including trilobites,
brachiopods and bryozoans. The quarry, crushing and cement plants are
operated by Miron Company Limited. Prospective visitors should make
written arrangeme nts prior to the visit.
Road log from Highway 18 (Pie IX Blvd.) at mile 2. 75 (intersection

Jarry Street):
Mile 0.0 Turn l eft (west) onto Jarry Street.
O. 4 Francon quarry on right; continue along Jarry Street.
1. 5 Entrance to Miron quarry on right (at intersection Papineau

Street).
Ref.: _!_Q pp. 65 -67.

Maps (T): 31 H/12E Laval.
(G): 800 Laval, Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
St-Vincent-de -Paul Quarry
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limestone.
- 69 -
The limestone is rich in bryozoans and ostracods. Other Ordovician fossils

found in the lim estone are: cephalopods, gastropods, trilobites, sponges ,
brachiopods and crinoids. Thin white calcite veins cut the limestone.
The quarry is no long er in operation and part of its floor is now a municipal
park. Specimens are available from the walls of the quarry.
Road log from Highway 18 at mile 6. 0 (int ersec tion Levesque Blvd.):
Mile o.o Turn left (west) onto L evesque Blvd. (Highway 38).
0. 1 St-Vincent-de-Paul Municipal Park on right (betwe en Rose d e

Lima a nd Pare Avenues). Turn right to park entrance.
0. 2 Quarry .
Ref.: .!_Q_ pp. 63-64.

Maps (T) : 3 1 H/12E Laval.
(G): 800 Laval , Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural R esources ).
Cap -St - Martin Quarries
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In lim e stone.
The li.mestone, of Ordovician age, contains numerous fossils including:
brach10pods, bryozoans, e r inoids , co rals, cystoids, algae , pele cypods, gas -
tropods, cephalopods, trilobites and ostracods. White crystalline calcite and
small amounts of pyrite occur in the limestone . The quarries in the Cap-St-
Martin area produce building stone and crushed stone. Operators include A.
Billet Limite e, Canada Cement Company, Back River Quarries Limited, and
De Laval Ready Mix Limitee.
Road lo g from Highway 18 at mile 6. 0 (intersection Lev es que Blvd .):
Mile 0.0 Turn l eft (west) onto Levesque Blvd. (Highway 38).
0. 1 Turn-off (right) to St-Vincent-de-Paul quarry.
3.4 Turn right (north) onto Highway 11 (Blvd. des Laur entides ).
5. 1 Quarry on ri ght operated by A. Billet Limitee .
5.2 Junct ion (on l eft) Blvd. St. Martin. To reach the Canada
Cement quarry proceed along Blvd.St. Martin for 2. 3 miles
then turn l e ft and proceed 0. 1 mile to quarry. To continue
log, proceed straight ahead along Blvd . des Laurentides.
5.8 Junction Blvd . St. Francois. To rea c h the Back River quarry
turn ri ght onto Blvd. St .6 Fran~ois and proceed O. 3 mile to
the quarry on the right side of the road. (Qu arry on the l eft
side of road is no longer in ope ration.) To continue log,
proceed straight ahead along Blvd. des Laure nt ides.
- 70 -
Mile 6. 1 Turn left onto rue de la Station and proceed O. 1 mile; turn
left again and pro ceed 0. 1 mil e to th e De Laval quarry.
Ref.: 10 pp . 34-46, 133-135.

(G): 800 Laval, Queb ec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources) .
Terrebonne Quarry
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limestone.
Quarries on both sides of Highway 18 at mile 9.4 are operated by Terrebonne

Quarries Limited. This deposit is similar to the Cap-St-Martin limestone.
The inactive quarry at mile 8. 6 also e;xposes limestone .
Ref.: 2.2. pp . 34-46, 133-135.

(G): 800 Laval, Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resourc es ).
St-Lin Fossil Locality
FOSSILS.
In limestone .
Ordovician limestone containing fossil corals is exposed along the bed of the
Achigan River at St-Lin on the east side of the Highway 65 bridge. Fossils
reported include Tetradium (up to 8 inches across ) , Stromatocerium (up to
18 inches across) and Columnaria. Ostracods are found sparingly in the
limestone that forms cliffs below the bridge. About 1, 500 feet downstream
from the bridge, limestone containing silicified brachiopods is exposed for
4, 000 feet along both banks of the river.
Road log from Highway 18 at mile 26 . 8 (junction Highway 41):
Mile o. o Turn left (west) onto Highway 41.
4.6 Highway 65 joins Highway 41; turn left (south) onto Highway
65 I 41.
5.6 St-Lin, at intersection Highways 41 and 65; proceed straight

ahead on Highway 65.
5.65 Bridge over AchiganRiver. The fossil locality is on the left.

A descent to the river can be made from the left (east) side
of the highway just before crossing the bridge.
R e f.: 44 pp. 28-29 .

- 71 -
Maps (T): 31 H/13W Laurentides .

(G): 1270 New Glasgow-St-Lin Area, Electoral Districts of
Montcalm, Terrebonne and L'Assomption (Que. Dept.
Natural Resources).
Road-cut on Highway 65
CALCITE, APATITE, DIOPSIDE, SERPENTINE, TALC, TITANITE,

GRAPHITE, PYRRHOTITE, PYRITE.
Light blue , coarsely crystalline calcite containing crystals of pyrite, pink

titanite (very small), greenish yellow diopside, light blue apatite (small), and
grains of serpentine, graphite and pyrrhotite, is exposed by the road-cut.
White flaky aggregates of talc occur on the calcite. An attractive rock com-
posed of a white calcite matrix containing light green serpentine grains occurs
in the limestone; it can be polished and could be used for small ornamental
objects. Serpentine also occurs as olive green, fine -grained porcelain-like
masses, small patches of which may be suitable for cutting into cabochons.
Road log from Highway 18 at mile 26. 8 (junction Highway 41):
Mile 0.0 Turn left (west) onto Highway 41.
4. 6 Junction Highway 65; turn right and proceed north along

Highway 65.
13. 7 St-Calixt e, at junction road to church; continue along

Highway 65.
15. 5 Road-cut on left just in front of a crossroad .
Ref.: 44 p. 11.
Maps (T): 31 H/13W Laurentides.

(G): 1270 New Glasgow-St-Lin Area, Electoral Districts of
Montcalm, Terrebonne and L'Assomption (Que. Dept.
Natural Resources).
Dorwin Falls Occurrence
GARNET, PYRITE.
In gneiss.
Pink garnets measuring up to 1/4 inch across and tiny pyrite grains occur in
gneiss exposed along the bed and cliffs at Dor win (Darwin) Falls on the
Ouareau River at Rawdon . The gneiss weathers to a rusty brown, and the
garnets are apparent only on the freshly broken surfaces. The occurrence is
below the Dorwin Falls picnic site at mile 37. 8 (se e road log on p. 66).
- 72 -
Plate VIII. Garnets in quartzite, i n road-cut near Rawdon . (GSC 138739).
Maps (T): 3 1 I/4E Raw don.

(G): 1264 Raw don area, El ect oral Dist r icts of Joli et te and
Mo ntc alm (Que. Dept. Natural R esources) .
Garnet O ccur rence (Plate VIII)
GARNET, MONAZITE, GRAPHITE,
In quartzite .
Pink to de ep r e d garne ts averaging 1/4 inch across are abundant in grey

quartzite . The garnets are generally highly fra ctured. Monazit e occurs
sparingly as small, amber -colour e d transparent grains. Fine flakes and
streaks of graphite give the rock a b a nde d appearance .
Road log from Rawdon at mil e 38. 4:
Mile 0. 0 Turn l e ft onto Met calf Street .
O. 3 Junction; turn right.

- 73 -
Mile o.6 Bridge over Rouge Nord-Quest River; continue straight ahead
on paved road.
2.2
to Road-cuts on left side of road.
2.3
Maps (T ) : 31 I/4E Rawdon.

(G): 1264 Rawdon area, Electoral Districts of Joliette and
Montcalm (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Manchester Falls Occurrence
GARNET, GRAPHITE, PYRITE.
In gneiss.
Pink garnets (less than 1/4 inch across) occur with fine flakes of graphite and
small grains of pyrite in rusty-weathering gneiss near the old railway bridge
at Manchester Falls on the Ouareau River.
Road log from Rawdon at mile 38. 5:
Mile 0.0 Highway 33 curves to the left; proceed straight ahead at sign
"Manchester Falls Hotel".
O. 4 End of paved road; follow single lane road O. 1 mile to aban-

doned railway bridge. Walk down to exposures along river
bed.
Ref.: ±p. 13.
Maps (T): 31 I/4E Rawdon.

Montcalm (Que. Dept . Natural Resources).
Road-cuts, miles 49.4 to 49. 5 on Highway 42.
GARNET, MONAZITE, MAGNETITE.
In gneiss.
Brownish red garnet crystals (averaging 1/4 inch across) and granular aggre -
gates are common in the rock and are generally fractured. Monazite, as
small , amber-coloured, transparent grains, is present sparingly. Magnetite
occurs as streaks and small patches.
Maps (T): 31 I/4E Rawdon .

- 74 -
Road-cuts, mile 50. 2 on Highway 42.
SILLIMANITE, GARNET, FELDSPAR, MONAZITE, GRAPHITE, PYRITE,

MAGNETITE, GOETHITE.
In paragneiss.
Sillimanite, as sheaf-like aggregates measuring up to 4 inches long, has

been found at this locality . It also occurs as small colourless blades with a
pearly lustre. Pink to deep red and brownish yellow garnet crystals (less
than 1/4 inch across) and granular patches are common in the paragneiss and
in greyish white columnar plagioclase feldspar. Monazite, as amber trans -
parent grains, occurs sparingly. Flakes of graphite, grains of magnetite,
and irregular patches of pyrite are scattered throughout the rock . Goethite
forms yellow to brownish yellow powdery coatings on the rock.
The road-cuts are on both sides of Highway 42 opposite Lac-des -Fran~ais.
Ref.: .i pp. 10 - 11 .

Mont calm (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Road-cuts , miles 50. 9 to 51. 2 and miles 54. 1 to 55. 8 on Highway 42.
GARNET, MAGNETITE.
In gneiss.
Garnet occurs as brownish red crystals (small) and as crystalline patches

with tiny grains of magnetite .

(G): 1264 Rawdon area, Electoral Districts of Joli ette and
Road-cuts , miles 59. 3 to 63. 2 on Highway 42.
GARNET.
In quartzite and gneiss.
The garnets are deep red and averag e about 1/8 inch across. The garnetifer-
ous rocks are exposed by numerous road-cuts betwe en St-Alphonse and
St-Come, i . e. betwe en miles 59. 3 and 63. 2.
Maps (T): 31 I/4E Rawdon.

(G): 1264 Rawdon area, El ectoral Districts of Joliette and
This is the last locality described for the side trip to the Rawdon area. The
main road log along Highway 2 is resum e d.
- 75 -
Mile 26.2 Intersection Pie IX Boulevard and Sherbrooke Street in

Montreal.
30.8 Canada Cement quarry on left. Ordovician limestone is

quarried here. The rock is similar to that found in other
limestone quarries on Montreal Island.
32.2 Intersection Broadway Avenue.
Montreal-East Quarry
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limestone.
The limestone is dense, charcoal-grey and contains brachiopods, trilobites,

gastropods, cephalopods, bryozoans and worms. The fossils are difficult to
remove from the limestone, because of the rock's dens e character. The lime-
stone is of Ordovician age . Thin white calcite veinlets cut the rock. The
quarry is operated by Montreal-East Quarries ( 1965) Limited.
Road log from Highway 2 (Sherbrooke Street) at mile 32. 2~
Mile 0.0 Turn left (north) onto Broadway Avenue.
1 . 15 Intersection Metropolitan Boul e vard; turn left.
1. 3 Montreal-East quarry on right.
Ref.: 2..2. pp . 7 1 - 74 .
Maps (T}: 31H/12E Laval.

(G): 800 Laval Quebec (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Mile 47 . 3 Junction Highway 48A.
Domtar Joliette Quarry
FOSSILS, CHERT.
In limestone.
Nodules of black chert and shell fossils (not very common) occur in the lime -
stone which is of Ordovician age.
Road log from Highway 2 at mile 47 . 3:
Mile 0.0 Turn left onto Highway 48A.
2.6 Junction Highway 48; proceed north on Highway 48.
17. 9 Junction Highway 41; turn left onto Highway 41.
18 . 7 Domtar office on right. Obtain permission to enter quarry.

- 76 -
Ref.: ~pp . 72-75 .
Maps (T): 31 I/ 3W Sor e l.

(G): 5 90 G eological map of parts of Joliette, Ar gente uil,
Terr ebonne a nd Mont calm Counti e s, Que b ec (GSC , 1 inc h to
4 miles). Out of print .
Joliette Quarry
FOSSILS, CHERT, CALCITE, PYRITE.
In limestone .
Ordovic ian shell fossils are abundant in bro wnish grey todarkgreylimestone.
Black chert nodules occur in the brownish grey limestone and v e ins of white
crystalline calcite containing tiny crystals of pyr ite cut the dark grey lime -
stone. The quarry and c rushing plant ar e operate d by Carriere Joliette
Limit ee.
Mile o. o Tur n l e ft onto Highway 48A.
2 .6 Junction; continue toward Jolie tte on Hi gh w ay 48.
17 . 9 Junc tion Hig h way 41; turn right onto Highway 41/48.
19 .0 Jolie tte, at junct ion Highway 42 w ith 41/48; turn right and
proc ee d along Highway 41/42.
20 . 5 Entranc e to Joliette qu ar ry on left.
Ref.: ~pp. 72-76.
Maps (T): 31 I/3W Sor e l.

(G): 590 Geologi cal map of parts of Joliette, Argenteuil,
Terr eb onne and Montc alm Countie s, Quebec (GSC , 1 inch to
4 miles ). Out of print.
Ro a d- c uts on Highway 43, mile s 59. 5 to 59. 8
GARNET, GRAPHITE.
In gneiss.
Pink to de e p red garnets (up to 1/4 inc h across) o cc ur abundantly with small
amounts of graphite in biotite gneiss. The exposures are on Highway 43
b e t wee n St-Zenon and St-Michel-des -Saints (se e road log for Super ior silica
mine ) .
- 77 -
Maps (T): 31 I/ 12W St-Michel-des -Saints.

(G): 1611 St-Michel-des-Saints area (west), Maskinonge ,
Berthie r and Joliette Counties (Que . D ept. Natural
Resources).
Superior Silica Mine
QUARTZ, HORNBLENDE, GARNET, FELDSPAR.
In p eg matite .
A zone of pale rose quartz occurs in white massive quartz. Some smoky
quartz is also present . The rose quartz is fractured and generally not suit-
able for ornamental purposes. Small grains of pink garnet occur with horn-
blende in pink feldspar.
The deposit is worked for silica by L es Mines d e Silice Superieure Limitee.
Road l og from Highway 2 at mile 4 7 . 3:
Mile 0. 0 Turn l eft onto Highway 48A.
2.6 Proceed north along Highway 48.
17 . 9 Highway 41 joins Highway 48; turn right onto Highway 41/48 .
19.0 Joliette, at junction Highway 42; turn l eft and proceed along
Highway 48.
46.4 Highway 48 ends; turn l eft onto Highway 43 .
59.5
to Road-cuts (descript ionprecedes that of Superior mine)
59.8
68 . 3 St-Zenon, at church.
78 . 1 St-Michel-des-Saints, at junction road to St-Guillaume; con-

tinue straight ahead .
78.3 St-Michel-des-Saints, at intersection Brassard Street

(Highway 43) and des A ul naies Street; turn left onto des
Aulnaies Street.
81. 5 Turn right onto single lane road at sign "Les Mines de Silice
Superieu re Ltee".
84.4 Fork; bear right. This part of the road is rough but passable .
85.0 Superior silica mine.
Ref.: ~pp. 11-12.

- 78 -
Maps (T): 31 I/ l 2W St -Michel -des -Saints .

(G): 1611 St-Michel-des -Saints area (west) Maskinonge,
Berthier and Joliette Counties (Q ue. Dept. Natural
Resour ce s).
Maisonneuve Mine (Plat e IX)
MICA, GARNET, TOURMALINE, PERISTERITE, BERYL, SMOKY

QUARTZ, PYRITE, PYROCHLORE, EUXENITE, FERGUSONITE,
SAMARSKITE.
In pegmatite.
Plate IX. Pegmatite outcrop along road and hill-side, Maisonneuve Mine,
St-Michel-des-Saints. (GSC 138738)
- 79 -
Muscovite was formerly mined from this deposit; sheets of mica measuring
up to 18 inches square were obtained during mining op e rations . Th e mi ca
occurs with salmon-coloured feldspar and colourless to smoky quartz. Other
minerals pres ent are: garnet, as de e p red crystals (generally less than 1/4
inch across) and crystalline aggregates; black tourmaline; white peristerite
exhibiting the chara c teristi c blu e iridescence; small, bluish green beryl
crystals; smoky quartz; pyrite; yellowish brown grains of pyrochlore (not
common); nodules (about 1/8 inch across) or grains of samarskite, ferguson-
ite and/or euxenite; and books of biotite. Small specimens of peristerite,
free of fractures and suitable for producing cab ochons, can easily be found .
The b e ryl is of a poor quality and is not abundant.
The d e posit has be en exposed by a shaft, an open pit and by stripping. It was
opened for mica and was worked briefly about 60 years ago for rare -element
miner a ls. It was investigate d for ur anium by South State Uranium Mines
Limited in 1954 . A trave l p er mit from the Quebec D e partment of Lands and
Forests Prote c tion Service is necessary to enter the property; it can be
obtained at St-Miche l-des -Saints.
Road log from St-Miche l-des -Saints.
Mile 0.0 Inte rsection Brassard Street and des Aulnaies Stre et; pro -
ceed west on d es Aulnaies Str ee t.
3. 2 Turn-off to Super ior Silica mine; continue straight ahead.
6. 2 Fork; b ea r left.
8. O Gate ; travel permits are c oll ecte d here. After passing

through gate, take the l eft fork .
9. 3 Road passes over exposure of pegmatite imme diately in front

of a fishing camp. The mine is to the left (west) of the expo-
sure and a large stripped area is to the right. The old shaft
is near the west e nd of th e rock exposure just east of the
creek (about 50 yards from the road). The old pits anddumps
are in the woods approximately 120 yards southwest of the
shaft.
R e fs.: ~pp. 248-249; ~pp. 32-33; 56 pp. 200-201; 59 p. 29.
Maps (T): 31 J/16E Lac Charland.

(G): 665 Three Rivers (GSC, 1 inch to 4 miles) . Out of print.
Mile 77. 7 Junction road to St-Barthelemy.
St-Barthele my Quarry
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limestone .
- 80 -
Crinoids and shell fossils are found in dark grey, dense limestone of
Ordovician age. Finely crystalline, colourless to light grey calcite occurs
along fractures in the rock .
The quarry and crushing plant are operated by Carriere St. Barthelemy
Limitee .

Mile 0.0 Turn left (north) onto road to St-Barthelemy .
1:5 St-Barthelemy at crossroad; turn right.
1. 7 Junction quarry road; turn l e ft .
1. 8 Quarry.
Ref.: ~pp . 47-49 .
Maps (T): 31 I/ 3E Sorel.

(G): 665 Three Rivers (GSC, 1 inch to 4 miles). Out of print .
Mile 100.5 Trois -Rivieres, at Highway 2 (Royale Street) and des Forges
Street.
Les Forges d e St-Maurice
The St ·- Maurice forges, formerly located about 9 miles upstream from

Trois-Rivieres, were e rected in 17 33 and were operate d almost continuously
until 1883. The works consisted of charcoal furnaces and two forges. The
iron produced was of a high quality and was us e d to make cast iron stove s,
pots, kettles, and for bar iron . During the French regime , artisans from
France were sent to instruct local workmen . In 1752, approximately 180
men were employed, and in 1775, there were "400 to 800 persons employed
in the woods, mines, quarries, workshops and offic e s of the Company" (Ref.
76, p. 85 ) .
The ore was obtained from swampy are as or bogs in the vicinity of Troi s -
Rivier es where it was discovered in about 1667. Initially, th e forges treate d
or e from bogs close to the works, but when this deposit became depleted, ore
was obtained from 7 or 8 miles away and was transported only during the
w inter by s ledges as there were no a ll- weather roads . Operations ceased
when the ore and wood supply had become exhausted.
At present, in the village of Les Vieilles Forges, a historic monument indi-

cates the place formerly occupied by the St-Maurice forges . Ther e are no
remnants of the installations.
Road lo g from Highway 2 at T rois -Rivieres (mile 100.5):

Mile o.o Proceed north along des Forges Stre e t.
0. 2 Junction; bear right and follow des Forges Boulevard.
6, 8 Les Vieilles Forges; historic monum ent on right.

- 81 -
Ref . : 76 pp. 77-89.
Map (T ) : 31 I/7E Trois-Rivieres.
Mile 1 14.4 Cap-de-la-Madeleine, at junction Highway 19 .
Log for side trip to localities along Highway 19 and l 9B (occur-

rences described in text following log are underlined ) :
Mile 0.0 Proceed north along Highway 19.
6.9 Junction Ste -Marguerite Boulevard to St-Maurice quarry.
17.4 Almaville, at turn-off to 31st Avenue and Shawinigan-Sud

quarry.
18.4 Shawinigan, at junction Highway l 9B; bear right to

Grand' Mere .
19. 1 Shawinigan, at junction road to Ste -Flore and to Shawinigan

and St-Maurice quarries.
23.5 Grand'Mere, at junction road to Ste-Flo:re.
24.8 Grand'Mere, at junction road to St-Jean-des -Piles and

Grand'Mere quarry.
28.2 Junction Highway 19 and 19B; proceed straight ahead on

Highway l 9B.
30 . 5 Junction road (on left) to Black Creek bog.
35.5 St-T ite, at junction Highway l 9A. Continue straight ahead

through St-Tite , then to Ste-Thecle marble quarry.
St-Maurice Quarry
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limestone.
This deposit is similar to that at the St-Barthele my quarry . The crushing

plant and quarry are operated by Carriere St-Maurice Inc.
Mile 0.0 Turn right (east) onto Ste -Marguerite Boulevard.
0. 1 Turn left onto road to quarry.
0.2 Quarry.
Ref.: ~pp. 49-52.

- 82 -
Maps (T): 31 I/7E Trois-Rivieres.

(G): 54-1959 Trois-Rivieres, Quebec (G-SC).
Shawinigan-Sud Quarry
GARNET, GRAPHITE.
In pyroxene gneiss .
Tiny crystals and granular aggregates (about 1/4 inch across) of red garnet
occur with patches of flaky graphite in greenish grey gneiss. The quarry is
no longer active.
Mile o.o Turn right from Highway 19 just before crossing bridge.
O. 1 Intersection 31st Avenue and 104th Street; turn right onto

104th Street.
0 . 25 Quarry on left, opposite Notre-Dame School playground .
Maps (T): 31 I/ lOW Shawinigan.

(G): 1327 Shawinigan area, Electoral Districts of Champlain,
Laviolette and St-Maurice (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Shawinigan and St-Maurice Quarries
QUARTZ, BIOTITE, FELDSPAR GNEISS.
The gneiss contains pink garnet grains, fibrous s illimanite, magnetite, pyrite
and pyrrhotite. These minerals are present in very small amounts and are
not readily visible without magnification. The rock is crushed and used as
aggregate in concrete.
Road log from Shawinigan at mile 19. 1:
Mile o.o Turn l eft onto road to Ste -Flore.
0. 75 Bridge over Shawinigan River.
0. 8 Shawinigan quarry on l eft, operated by Carriere Shawinigan

Limitee.
2. 3 Turn-off (left) to St-Maurice quarry. (This turn-off is 4. 9

miles from mile 23 . 5 on Highway 19 atGrand'Mere.)
2.5 St-Maurice quarry.
Ref.: 2 pp. 15-16.

- 83 -
Maps (T): 31 I/ lOW Shawinigan.

(G): 1327 Shawinigan area, Electoral Distri cts of Champlain,
Laviolette and St-Maurice (Que . Dept. Natural Resources).
Grand'Mere Quarry
CALCITE.
In quartz -biotite -feldspar gneiss.
White calcite veins m eas uring about 3/4 inch wide cut the gneiss which is
similar to th e rock quarried at the St-Maurice and Shawinigan quarries. The
calcite fluoresces bright pink when exposed to ultraviolet rays (both 'long' and
'short' rays). The quarry is no longer in operation.
Road log from Highway 19 at Grand'Mere (mile 24. 8):
Mile 0. 0 Turn l eft onto road to St-Jean-des -Piles (4eme rue).
0. 8 Quarry on right behind road-cut.
Ref.: 2. pp. 15 -16.
Maps (T): 31 I/ lOE Shawinigan.

Laviolette and St-Maurice (Que. Dept. Natural Resources).
Black Creek Bog
BOG IRON.
The ore occurs as spongy, rusty masses but is black and lustrous on fresh
surfaces. It is found in rusty sand near the surface of a swampy area.
Former ly it was removed with picks, then washed and shovelled into horse -
drawn carts for transportation to the forg es.
Bog iron ore was recovered from the Shawinigan area as early as 1733, when
Fransois Poulin, Sieur d e Fran c heville, proprietor of the Seigneurie de St-
Maurice first exploited the deposits. Iron ore has been removed from the
Black Creek, Tortue Lake, and Radnor fields and the ore was treated at the
Radnor and "L es Petites Forg es" (the latter, on the Mekinac -du-Sud River).
The forges were operated from 1860 to 1910.
The Black Creek Bog is located about 1 mile northwest of Highway l 9B.
Access is by a road, 0. 7 mile long, leaving the highway at mile 30. 5.
Ref.: 2. pp . 41-43.
Maps (T}: 31 I/ lOE Shawinigan.

Laviolette and St-Maurice (Que. Dept. Natural R esou rces).
- 84 -
"'c:
u
~
:J
u
u
0
'"
Q;
.!:
:;;:
- 85 -
Ste -Thecle Marble Quarry
CALCITE, SERPENTINE, SCAPOLITE, PYROXENE, TREMOLITE,

TITANITE, MICA, FELDSPAR, QUARTZ, GARNET.
An attractive marble composed of bright salmon-pink calcite with blotches,

bands, and/ or streaks of yellow-green to dark green serpentine is found in
this quarry. Another variety is composed of white calcite w ith patches of
pink calcite. The marbles take a good polish and are suitable for ornamental
purposes not requiring larg e blocks of rock as there are numerous inclusions
of dark igneous rocks in the crystalline limestones (marble) . Minerals found
in the marble include: grey translucent massive scapolite; dark greenpyrox-
ene; light tan-coloured tremolite; dark brown titanite grains; amber mica;
greyish whit e feldspar; and massive and crystalline quartz. Granular patches
of pink garnet occur in biotite gneiss that forms the country rock enclosing
the crystalline limes tone.
The quarry was opened in 1911 by La Compagnie de Marbre du Canada to

furnish marble for interior decoration but was closed soon after. In 1949 it
was worked again and the stone was used to fa ce local private homes;
exampl es of this use can be seen in numerous houses in Ste -Thecle.
Road log from St-Tite at mile 35. 5 on Highway 19B:
Mile 0.0 St-Tite, at junction Highways 19A and 19B; proceed to the
centre of town.
0.4 St-Tite; turn left onto road to Ste-Thecle .
7. 8 Ste-Thecle, at junction St-Jacques Street; turn right onto

St-Jacques Street .
8. O Ste-Thecle, at church; turn left onto Masson Street.
11. 4 Fork at cabin on right; bear left.
11. 55 Junction, on left, single lane quarry road; turn left.
11. 85 Quarry.
Refs,: ~P· 66; ~pp. 52-5 3 ; 47 pp. 199-200.
Maps (T): 31I/15E Mattawin .

(G): 665 Three Rivers (GSC, 1 inch to 4 miles). Out of print.
- 86 -
Lac a Baude Allanite Occurrence
ALLANITE, HORNBLENDE, MAGNETITE, MICROCLINE.
In pegmatite dyke cutting gneiss.
Allanite occurs as black tabular crystals measuring up to 3 inches long by 1/2

inch wide, and as clots up to 12 inches across. A sunburst of reddish altered
material surrounds many of the allanite crystals. Microcline crystals up to
3 inches across and hornblende crystals measuring 1/2 inch across have been
reported. These minerals and magnetite occur in a pegmatite composed
mainly of microcline, quartz and some plagioclase and biotite. The deposit
has been exposed by blasting at the face of a cliff on the east side of Lac a
Baude. The cliff is visible from the centre of the lake and from the landing
on the west side of the lake; the bearing is N65°E. The deposit can be recog-
nized from the south-central part of the lake by a buff-weathered , slightly
rusty spot on the ere st of the northern ext ens ion of the main escarpment. The
lake is about a mile wide.
Road lo g from Mile 28. 2 on Highway 19 (see log for side trip to
localities along Highway 19 and 19B, p. 81 ):
Mile 0.0 Junction Highways 19 and 19B northeast ofGrand'Mere;

proceed along Highway 19 .
14. 9 St-Roch-de -Mekinac, at junction Highway l 9A; continue along

Highway 19 .
28. 5 Mattawin; turn l eft onto ferry landing.
28. 8 Ferry landing. Obtain permission from Consolidated Paper

Corporation Limited to use their ferry and company road.
From ferry proceed along Chienne Depot Road.
67. 0 Junction; turn right (north) onto Straw-hat D epot Road.
70. 3 Fork. The fork on right is a private road leading about 6

miles to the west side of Lac aBaude. For permission to
use this road and to use a boat to cross the lake , follow left
fork for 1/2 mile to the owner at the Sleigh Lake pr iv ate lodge.
The road to Lac a Baude is very rough and may not be nego-
tiable by automobile.
Refs.: ~pp. 251-252;~pp. 3 1-32.
Maps (T): 31 P/3W Steamboat Rock Lake .

(G): 665 Three Rivers (GSC, 1 inch to 4 miles). Out of print.
This is the l ast locality described along Highways 19 and 19B; the main road
log along Highway 2 is resumed.
Mile 114.4 Cap-de-la-Madeleine, at junction Highway 19 .
116.5 Junction, road to Red Mill.

- 87 -
Red Mill Ochre Deposit
OCHRE
In bogs.
Red and yellow ochre occur in the bogs near Red Mill. The ochre consists of
hematite and/ or limonite mixed with clay material and forms pulverulent to
earthy mass e s. Small flaky aggregate s of black metallic hematite are dis -
seminated in the ochre. The iron oxides (ochre) are contained in organic
matter (peat, muck) which is removed by furnaces at the mill. The resulting
product - red iron-oxide - is then pulverized, sized and used as a paint
pigment.
The bog deposits in this area have been worked since 1888. At present, the
Red Mill deposits furnish the total Canadian output of natural iron-oxide pig-
ments. They are operated by the Sherwin Williams Company of Canada
Limited.
Mile 0.0 Turn left (north) onto road to Red Mill.
1. 4 Red Mill, at junction; turn right.
1. 95 Red Mill station.
2. 8 Ochre deposits .
Refs.: ~pp. 30-31; 70 p. 44.
Maps (T): 31 I/8W Becancour.

(G): 42-1959 Becancour, Quebec (GSC)
Mile 135. I Ste-Anne-de-la-Perade, at junction Highway 19A.
148. I Junction road to St-Marc.
St-Marc-des -Carrieres Quarries
BARITE, CALCITE, FOSSILS.
In limestone.
White barite, in massive form and as bladed aggregates, is associated with

colourless to white or grey coarsely crystalline calcite that fluoresces pale
yellow when exposed to ultraviolet rays. Fossils, including brachiopods,
crinoids and bryozoans, are abundant in some layers. The limestone is
mostly light brownish grey, but dark grey beds are also present . Small
cavities filled with petroleum occur sparingly in the limestone. The rock is
of Ordovician age. Formerly , it was widely used as a building stone and was
known comme rcially as Deschambault stone, St-Marc stone, and Portneuf
- 88 -
stone. The cut stone has a silvery-grey surface, is durable, retains sharp
edges and carving details. Examples of its use as a building stone are:
Parliament Buildings, Post Office and City Hall in Quebec City; City Hall in
Montreal; Post Office in Rigaud; Canadian Pacific station in Trois -Rivieres;
Sun Life Building (in corridors) in Montreal. At present, its main use is for
agricultural lime and as crushed limestone for paper mills but some of it is
still quarried as a building stone. The deposits in St-Marc have been worked
for over 130 years .
.Road log from Highway 2 at mile 148 . 1:
Mile 0.0 Turn left onto road to St-Marc (St-Marc-des-Carrieres).
4.4 Monument at centre of St-Marc; continue straight ahead.
4.5 Entrance, on left, to quarry operated by Les Carrieres

Martineau et Deschambault Inc.
4.8 Entrance, on left, to quarry operated by Les Carrieres

Langlois Limitee
5.0 Junction; turn left leaving main road.
5.3 Quarry operated by Jos. 0. Gauthier Limitee.
Ref.: 20 pp. 38-54.
Maps (T): 31 I/9E Grondines.

(G): 837 Grondines area, Counties of Champlain, Portneuf,
Lotbiniere (Que. Dept. Natural Resources, 1 inch to 3
miles).
Tetreault Mine
SPHALERITE, GALENA, PYRRHOTITE, CHALCOPYRITE,

MOLYBDENITE, ARSENOPYRITE, PYRITE, MARCASITE,
TETRAHEDRITE, GOLD, SILVER, GRAPHITE, TREMOLITE,
WILSONITE, DIOPSIDE, TOURMALINE, CHALCEDONY, TALC,
CHLORITE, TITANITE, SCAPOLITE, EPIDOTE, GARNET, APATITE,
PHLOGOPITE, ANTHOPHYLLITE, QUARTZ, CALCITE, DOLOMITE,
BREUNNERITE, HISINGERITE, JAROSITE, ROZENITE, GYPSUM,
BROCHANTITE.
In limestone -tremolite rock.
The principal ore minerals are sphalerite (darkbrownvariety) and galena.

Closely associated with them are pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite and minor
amounts of pyrite, molybdenite, graphite, arsenopyrite, marcasite, tetra-
hedrite, and native gold and silver. The most abundant gangue mineral is
tremolite which fluoresces pink ('short' ultraviolet rays) and pinkish orange
('long' rays). Lilac-coloured wilsonite is also common; it takes a fair polish
and may be suitable for cabochons, etc. Large crystals of diops ide (measur-
ing up to a foot in length) were found during mining operations. Tourmaline
- 89 -
occurs as dark amber masses in tremolite . A dark greyish blue nodule (about
1 1/2 inches across) of chalcedony was found in the dumps . Other minerals
reported from the deposit include: talc, chlorite, titanite, scapolite, epidote ,
garnet, apatite, phlogopite, anthophyllite, quartz, calcite, dolomite, breun-
nerite and his ingerite. Coatings and enc rustations of yellow jar os ite, white
rozenite, white fibrous gypsum, and emerald green brochantite were noted on
the surfaces of the tremolite rock.
Zinc ore was discovered on this property in 1910 by Mr. Elzear Gauthier.
Mining operations were begun in 1911 by Mr. Pierre Tetreault who aquired
the mineral rights. The mine was worked by various operators until 1921.
It was then worked intermittently until 1948 when Anacon Lead Mines Limited
took over continuous operations until 1955. The property is currently held by
Ghislau Mining Corporation Limited and is inactive . The mine is located at
Montauban (Montauban - les -Mines).
Mile 0.0 Turn left onto road to St-Marc (St-Marc-des -Carrieres).
4.4 St-Marc, at monument; continue straight ahead.
10. 3 St-Casimir; turn right onto road to St-Ubald.
21. 2 St-Ubald; turn right onto road to Notre -Dame -des -Anges.
27 . 3 Fork; bear right .
28.2 Tetreault mine. The mill and some of the underground work-
ings are on the right.
28. 25 Turn left onto road l e ading (O. 2 mile) to anothe r shaft and
dumps.
R efs .: _!_pp. 79-85; 48 pp . 10-11; ~pp. 22-31.
Maps (T): 31 I/16W Montauban.

(G): 1095 Montauban-les -Mines area, Portneuf County (Que.
Dept . Natural Resour ces, 1 inch to l, 000 feet).
Montauban Mine
SPHALERITE, GALENA, CHALCOPYRITE, PYRRHOTITE, PYRITE,

MOLYBDENITE, ARSENOPYRITE, ANTHOPHYLLITE, PHLOGOPITE,
CORDIERITE, GARNET, QUARTZ, WILSONITE, ACTINOLITE, RUTILE,
SPINEL, FELDSPAR, ANGLESITE, ROZENITE, HEXAHYDRITE .
In garnetiferous gneiss.
The ore minerals - sphalerite and galena - are closely associated with pyrr-
hotite, pyrite , chalcopyrite and quartz. Molybdenite and arsenopyrite are
present in small amounts. Anthophyllite , as greyish to silvery brown radiat-
ing fibrous or platy aggregates, occurs abundantly and is commonly associated
- 90 -
with sky blue translucent to greenish blue turbid, massive cordierite and
with phlogopite. In general, the cordierite is fractured, contains inclusions
of other minerals, and is not suitable for lapidary purposes. Pink garnet
grains and small crystals occur in quartz and in gneiss. The wilsonite is
mauve to purple, massive, and contains patches of green actinolite and
specks of metallic minerals; these inclusions would render the mineral
unsuitable for most lapidary purposes with the exception of producing small
cabochons. Rutile, spinel and feldspar have a lso been reported from this
deposit. Anglesite forms dull bluish white coatings on galena, and the
secondary sulphates - rozenite and hexahydrite - occur as snow white coat-
ings or encrustations on the ore -bearing gneiss.
The deposit was opened by two shafts in the period 1914-1917 by Montauban
Mining Syndicate. In 1951, a shaft was sunk 300 yar ds north of the original
mine by Montauban Mines Limited and United Lead and Zi nc Mines Limited
and a surface plant was installed but work was suspended in 1954. Specimens
are available from large dumps near the shafts.
Mile o.o Turn left onto road to St-Marc and follow log given for
Tetreault mine.
28 . 25 Turn-off to T etreault mine dumps; continue straight ahead to

the centre of Montauban village.
28. 7 Montauban, at corner store; turn left (north).
29. 3 Junction mine road; turn le ft.
29. 5 Gate to mine.
Refs.: _!.pp . 86-87; 48 pp. 10-11; ~pp. 22-31.
Maps (T): 31 I/ 16W Montauban.

(G): l 095 Montauban-les -Mines area, Portneuf County (Qu e .
D ept. Natural Resources, 1 inch to l, 000 feet).
Mile 15 3 . 8 Junction road to Portneuf molybdenite occurrence.
Portneuf Molybdenite Occurrence
MOLYBDENITE, QUARTZ, FELDSPAR, APATITE, BIOTITE,

URANINITE, URANOTHORITE,
In pegmatized biotite gneiss.
Molybdenite occurs as flaky aggregates in colourless to smoky quartz and

greenish white feldspar. Apatite, as light bluish green grains and as small
granular masses is present in small amounts. Uraninite and uranothorite have
also been reported from the deposit. The deposit has been exposed by three
pits and shallow trenches. Specimens are available from these openings .
- 91 -
Mile 0.0 Turn left onto gravel road at sign "Chateau de. Roche". (This
turn-off is 1. 05 miles west of the Highway 2 bridge over the
Portneuf River in Portneuf.)
1. 5 Crossroad; continue straight ahead .
1. 7 Junction single lane road; turn left.
2. 4 End of road. The openings are in the woods at end of road.
Ref.: '!...!:._ p. 212.
Maps (T): 21 L / l 2W Portneuf.
(G): 694 Portneuf, Counties of Portneuf, Lotbiniere (Que. Dept.

Natural Resources, 1 inch to 3 miles).
Mile 154 . 9 Portneuf, at bridge over Portneuf River.
157. 9 Fossil-bearing rock exposure on left.
Cap -Sante Fossil Occurrence
FOSSILS.
In shale .
Graptolites, about 3 inches long, are common in dark grey shale exposed by
a cliff on the north side of Highway 2 at mile 157. 9, just east of the De
Chatillon Motel's camping ground .
Maps (T): 21 L/ l 2W Portneuf.

(G): 694 Portneuf, Counties of Portneuf, Lotbiniere (Que. Dept .
Mile 160. 3 Cap-Sante, at junction road to St-Basile .
168.6 Junction road to St-Raymond .
Riviere-a-Pierre Quarries
GRANITE.
Two types of granite are quarried in this district: a medium-grained blue-

grey to dark grey granite composed chiefly of plagioclase, quartz and horn-
blende, and a coarse-grained rose to brownish pink granite composed princi-
pally of microcline, albite, quartz and biotite. Accessory minerals occurr -
ing as small grains include epidote in the grey granite, and titanite in the pink
variety. The granite takes a good polish, can be obtained in large blocks and
has been used as a building stone since 1894. It has also been used for paving
- 92 -
blocks and for curbstone. Examples of its use as a building stone include:
The National War Memorial and French Embassy in Ottawa , and the Bank of
Canada Building in Montreal (rose granite); Inte rnational Aviation Building
and Phillips Square Building in Montreal (grey granite); the Palais de Justice
in Quebec City (grey granite); the piers and abutments for the Quebec bridge
(rose granite); the monolithic rose-granite cross erected in Gaspe as a mem-
orial to Jacques Cartier's first landing in Canada. The cross weighs over 42
tons and measures 32 feet high and 9 feet across at the arms.
Mile 0. 0 Turn left onto road to St-Raymond.
5.3 Pont-Rouge, at junction; turn left.
5.6 Junction; turn right .
17 . 3 St-Raymond, at church; turn left onto road to Riviere-a-

Pierre .
20.9 Crossroad, turn right.
38.6 Inactive grey granite quarry on right.
40.9 Junction; turn right. (Road on left leads 17. 9 miles to

Montauban-les-Mines, at turn-off to Montauban mine.)
42.3 Riviere-a-Pierre, at turn-off to bridge . To reach Perronet

Fils quarry (grey granite), turn left toward bridge, and pro-
ceed 0. 1 mile; turn l eft and proceed O. 4 mile to the quarry
entrance on the right. To continue log, proceed straight
ahead.
42.7 Dumas et Voyer dressing plant on left.
43. 1 Junction; turn right onto quarry road .
43. 7 Dumas et Voyer quarry (rose granite).
Ref.: ~pp. 86 - 90.
Maps (T}: 31 I/ 16E Montauban.

31 PI IE Talbot.
(G): 1595 Montauban-Colbert area, Champlain, Joliette and
Portneuf Counties (Que . Dept. Natural Resources).
Mile 171. 1 Neuville, at turn-off (right) to wharf.
172. 6 N euville, at junction road to quarry.
Neuville Quarry and Shoreline Exposures
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
- 93 -
In limestone.
The limestone is light brownish grey and contains small trilobites and shell
fossils of Ordovician age. Thin veinlets of white calcite (fluoresces pale
yellow when exposed to 'long' ultraviolet rays) occur in the limestone. The
rock is exposed at the St. Lawrence shoreline at the Neuville wharf, and at
the quarry operated by Les Calcaires Neuville Inc.
The quarry is located 0. 1 mile north of Highway 2 at mile 17 2 . 6.
Ref.: 20 pp. 148-149.
Maps (T): 21 L / l 2E Portneuf.

(G): 694 Portneuf, Counties of Portneuf, Lotbiniere (Que. Dept.
Mile 188 . 5 Quebec, at junction Highway 15, proceed along Highway 15.
190. 4 Quebec, at junction Highway 54 (Laurentian Boulevard).
Log along Highway 15 for side trip to Escoumins (underlined local-

ities are described in text following log):
Mile O. 0 Quebec, at junction Highways 15 and 54; proceed along

Highway 15.
1. 3 Intersection Highway 15B (Canardiere Street) to Verreault

quarry. Road log continues along Highway 15.
57.6 Junction Highway 15A to Baie-St-Paul lead occurrence.
64.3 Junction Highway 56 to St-Urbain titanium mines.
81. 8 Junction road to St-Aime-des-Lacs and Lac du Pied-des-

Monts mine.
110. 3 Junction Highway 16.
133. 5 Tadoussac, at ferry landing.
155. 8 Escoumins peat bog and cutting on left.
157. 8 Escoumins, at bridge and junction to McGie and Simard

mines.
Verreault Quarry
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limestone.
- 94 -
Ordovician shell fossils occur in light brownish greytogreylimestone. Veins

of greyish white to colourless calcite (fluoresces pale yellow under 'long'
ultraviolet rays) cut the limestone.
The quarry and crushing plant is operated by Elzear Verreault Limitee.
Mile 0.0 At intersection Canardiere Street, bear left onto Highway 15B.
I. 35 Highway turns sharply to right; proceed straight ahead along

secondary road.
I. 55 Quarry.
Ref.: 20 pp. 154-155.
Map (T): 21 L/14E Quebec.
Baie-St-Paul Lead Occurrence
GALENA, SPHALERITE, PYRITE, FLUORITE, CALCITE.
In veins cutting garnetiferous gneiss.
Small amounts of galena, amber -coloured sphaler ite and pyrite occur in white
coarsely crystalline calcite that fluoresces yellow when exposed to 'long'
ultraviolet rays. Apple-green, massive fluorite is the mostcommonmineral
present in the calcite .
The galena-bearing vein is about 3 1/2 feet wide and is exposed along the walls
and floor above the lower falls of du Moulin River at Baie -St-Paul.
Mile 0.0 Leave Highway 15 and turn right onto Highway 15A to Baie -
St-Paul.
I. 4 Fork; bear right.
I. 9 Bridge over du Moulin River; the falls are on the right.

Cross bridge and walk along left (east) side of river to the
base of the upper falls. The deposit is exposed between the
lower and upper falls.
Ref.: .!. p. 91.
Maps (T): 21 M/7E Maillard.

(G): 2106 St-Urbain area, Charlevoix County, Quebec (GSC).
- 95 -
Mine .. .. . - ~
Map 5. St- Urbain are a. 1. Furnace mine; 2. Bignell mine; 3. General Electric
mine ; 4. Coulombe East and We st mines ; 5. Bouchard mine; 6 . Joseph
Boucha rd mine
- 96 -
St-Urbain Titanium Mines
ILMENITE, HEMATITE, RUTILE, PYRITE, PYRRHOTITE,

CHALCOPYRITE, LIMONITE, CALCITE, LAUMONTITE, MESOLITE,
PYROXENE, CHLORITE, SERPENTINE, ORTHOCLASE, SAPPHIRINE.
In veins cutting anorthosite.
Ilmenite and hematite occur as massive intergrowths containing minor

amounts of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and reddish brown rutile. Vugs
in the ore are partly filled with pyrite, limonite, and hematite, and with pale
green chlorite, pinkish white zeolites and calcite crystals. The zeolites -
pale pink, radiating, platy mesolite and greenish white, massive laumontite -
are associated with calcite and dark mica and .occur on the host rock and on
the ore. White crystalline calcite fluoresces bright pink when exposed to
'short' or 'long' ultraviolet rays . Two types of pyrite occur, massive and
cellular. The latter is a loose network of tiny pyrite crystals with which are
associated small amounts of calcite and pyroxene (altered to serpentine and
chlorite). Salmon-pink orthoclase occurs in the deposit. Sapphirine is inti-
mately associated with ilmenite, feldspar, chlorite and rutile and is generally
visible only under magnification.
Historical records indicate that the deposit was discovered in 1666 by Sieur
de la Tesserie who investigated the area by order of Colbert, the prime
minister of Louis XIV. It was first worked between 1872 and 1874 for iron
which was produced using wood-charcoal furnaces. The venture proved to be
too costly and subsequent operations were intermittent, the longest periods
of operations being 1928-1932 (by the Dupont Chemical Company) and 1940-
1946. In 1956, Continental Iron and Titanium Mining Limited took over oper-
ations and, later, installed a titanium oxide plant at Baie -St-Paul. The ore
was utilized for heavy aggregate in concrete used in laying the natural gas
pipe-line from Alberta and for use in concrete shields for nuclear reactors .
No work was being done on the deposit in the summer of 1966. Six mines had
been worked in an area extending about 1 mile just west of St-Urbain village.
They are known as the Furnace, Bignell, General Electric, Coulombe,
Bouchard and Joseph Bouchard mines. They were worked by open pits, now
water -filled. Specimens are available from large dumps near the openings.
Mile 0.0 Proceed north on road to St-Urbain.
2. 9 St-Urbain; turn left onto gravel road just beyond church.
5. 8 Junction mine road on left. Proceed east on this road for

ZOO yards to the Bignell mine, then continue along road in.
northeasterly direction for 1, 000 yards to the Furnace mine.
6. 1 Junction on left, mine road to Bouchard, Coulombe (East and

West), General Electric and Joseph Bouchard mines.
Refs.: 40 pp. 44-53; ~pp. 46-52; ~pp. 15-20; 2.§_p. 77 .

- 97 -
Plate X. Pit at Bi gne ll mine, St-Urbain (GSC 13 8733).
Maps (T): 21 M/ lOE St-Urbain.

(G): 2106 St-Urbain area, Charlevoix County, Queb ec (GSC) .
Figure 1 (Paper 61- 7) Geology, aeromagnetic contours , and
the known iron and titanium occurrences in the St-Urbain
anorthosite massif, Charlevoix County, Quebec.
Lac du Pied-des -Monts Mine
GARNET, ZIRCON, MONAZITE, URANINITE, BERYL, ANTHRAXOLITE,

MICA.
In pegmatite dyke cutting hornbl end e gneiss.
The minerals occur in pegmatite composed of pink microcline, white albite,

smoky and white quartz , and mi ca. Aggregates of red garnets are abundant
and are generally associated with biotite; some of the garnets are clear but
they are too small for gem purposes. The zircon crystals are dark brown
and about 1/4 inch long. Small amber - coloured monazite crys tals occur
sparingly . A large dode cah e dral c rystal of uraninite weighing 13 ounces had
been found in the deposit but this mineral is not r e adily found in the dumps
now. A few small crystals of beryl have also been r epo rt e d. Anthraxolite
- 98 -
Map 6. Lac du Pied-des -Monts mine

- 99 -
forms rounded, coal-like fragments in feldspar and quartz. Both muscovite

and biotite micas are present and are commonly intergrown. Muscovite crys-
tals measuring almost a foot across were obtained during mining operations;
one crystal (25 inches by 32 inches) weighed 700 pounds and yielded perfect
sheets measuring 10 inches by 14 inches.
The mine was operated for mica from 1893 to 1894 and in 1908. The main
workings consist of adits and an open cut into the steep hill overlooking the
northeast side of Lac du Pied-des-Monts and 600 feet above the lake. Two
pits ( 10 by 8 feet and 40 feet deep, and 10 by 10 feet and 25 feet deep) are
located on the north side of the creek flowing from the eas t end of the lake,
approximately 3/4 mile from the main openings and 200 yards from the lake.
As the mine is difficult to reach a local guide would be helpful.
Mile 0. 0 Proceed we .s t on road to St-Aime -des -Lacs.
2. 1 St-Aime-des-Lacs at junction road to Notre-Dame-des-

Monts; continue straight ahead.
6. 4 Junction; proceed l eft.
9. 0 Junction single lane road on right (at Boily farmhouse) .

Main gravel road continues straight ahead to a fishing camp
at the l ake. The mine at the northeast side of the lake is
visible from this point and is accessible by boat which may
be rented from local residents. To reach the mine by road,
turn right at the Boily farm and follow single lane road.
10. 3 Fork; bear right. (Left fork leads to south shore of lake.)
10. 6 Bridge over creek at east end of lake (may not be passable) ..
The eastern pits are to the right of the outlet and the main
openings are on a slope facing the lake about 1/2 mile from
here.
Refs . : ~pp. 250-251; 42 p. 34; 56 p. 201;2.2 pp. 48-49.
Maps (T): 21 M/ 16W Lac au Plongeon.

(G): 2106 St-Urbain area, Charlevoix County, Quebec (GSC).
Escoumins Peat Bog
PEAT.
This peat bog has an area of 2 to 3 square miles and is one of the largest peat
deposits known to occur in Quebec. It is 11to18 feet d ee p and consists mainly
of sphagnum moss with rosemary, labrador tea, abundant blueberry bushes,
and spruce trees. The bog and peat cutting are adjacent to Highway 15 at mile
155.8.
- 100 -
Ref.: EPP· 55-57.
Maps (T): ZZ C/6W Les Escoumins.

(G): 101 Part of the North Shore, County of Saguenay, Tadoussac
Sheet (Que. D ept. Natural Resources).
McGie Mine
MUSCOVITE, GARNET, BERYL, TOURMALINE, APATITE,

ANTHRAXOLITE.
In pegmatite dyke cutting biotite paragneis s and quartzite.
Muscovite sheets (ruby and green varieties) about 8 inches in diameter have
been found during mining operations; sheets measuring 3 to 4 inches across
are common. Other constituents of the pegmatite are feldspar, quartz and
biotite. Good crystal s of tou r maline, garnet and of b e ryl, and small amounts
of apatite hav e been r eported from the deposit. The b e ryl crystals measured
3 inche s in diameter. Attractive specimens consisting of sheets of clear
mica enclos ing crystal s of deep red garnet and of sea green apatite are also
found. Anthraxolite is present in small amounts .
The deposit was worked for mica between 1891 and 1894, and in 1941 by a
shaft and op en cuts. The mine is located on th e north side of Charlotte L ake
at its eastern end. Access is easiest by boat from the end of the road as
there is no trail through the woods. There are no boat-renting facilities at
Charlotte Lake; such arrangements could be made at Escoumins.
Road log from Highway 15 at mile 157 . 8 :
Mile 0.0 Escoumins, at bridge over Escoumins River. Proceed to

junct ion on north side of bridge then turn l eft .
0. 1 Consolidated Paper Company office on right; obtain forest

permit here .
5. 9 Gate. The fore st permit is collected h e re.
7. 4 Main road turn right; b ea r left at sign "Chemin Club Michel"

and follow single lane , rough, dry-weather road.
9. 1 From this point to the lake, th e road becomes v e ry rough and

may not be pas sable for automobiles.
9. 3 Junction wagon road (on left) to Simard mine (des cription

follows). To reach McGie mine continue straight ahead .
9. 5 East end of Charlotte L ake . The main working of the McGie

mine is on the shore, opposite the small island (about ZOO
yards from the end of the lake). Other workings are about
ZOO yards to the northwest.
Refs.: ~ pp. l Z - 14 j ~ p . 1 94 .
- JOI -
Map 7 · 1. McGie mine·, 2 . s·imar d mine

.
- 102 -
Maps (T): .22 C / 5E Lac de Pons.

(G): 629 Pontgrave-Bergeronnes area Saguenay County (Que.
Dept. Natural Resources, 1 inch to 1/2 mile).
Simard Mine
MUSCOVITE, TOURMALINE, APATITE, BERYL.
In pegmatite dyke cutting quartzite.
This deposit i s similar to the M cGie deposit. Ruby mica occurs as books
measuring up to 2 feet across, and sheets up to 6 inches in diameter are
common. Other constituents of the pegmat ite are plagioclase (as crystal s 2
to 3 feet long), quartz and biotite; accessory minerals are tourmaline, apa-
tite and beryl.
The deposit was worked for mica by open pits in the 1940 s. It is owned by
Mr. Eugene Simard of Grandes-Bergeronnes. Access is by a partly over-
grown wagon road that l eaves the road to Charlotte Lake at mile 9. 3. The
road goes south then swings to the southwest. Follow this road for approxi-
mately 500 yards from its junction with the Charlotte Lake road to the pits in
the woods on the southeast side of a hill .
Ref.: ~pp. 11-12.
Maps (T): 22 C/5E Lac de Pons.

(G): 629 Pontgrave-Bergeronnes area, Saguenay County (Que .
Dept. Natural R esources, I inch to 1/2 mile).
This is-the l ast locality described along the Highway 15 side trip; the main
road log to Lac St-Jean is resumed.
Mile 190 . 4 Quebec, at junction Highways 54 and 15. Proceed north on

Highway 54 (Laur entian Boulevard).
193. 1 Junction road to Charlesbourg.
Charlesbourg West Limestone Quarries
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limes tone.
Brachiopods and other Ordovician fossils occur in dense grey, fine-grained

limestone cut by greyish white calcite veins measuring about 1/2 inch wide.
The calcite fluoresces p a le yellow w h en expose d to ultraviolet rays ('long'
rays are more effective than 'short' rays). The quarries are operated by
Quebec Ready-Mix and by Union des Carrieres et Pavages Limitee for the
production of crus hed limestone .
- 103 -
Road log from Charlesbourg:

Mile o.o Intersection 1st Avenue and 80th Street at church; proceed
west along 80th Stre e t.
0.9 Turn-off from Laurentian Boulevard· continue straight ahead

toward Loretteville. '
1. 3 Quebe c R e ady - Mix quarry on right.
1. 5 Main road continues straight ahead; bear right.
1. 7 Union des Carrieres et Pavag e s Limitee quarry.

Ref.: ~pp. 151-152.
Map (T): 21 L/14W Quebec.
Mile 80 . 0 Junction Highway 54A; proceed along Highway 54A.
121. 2 Road-cut on right . Pink granit e containing epidote in frac-

tures is exposed here.
125 . l Abandoned anortho site quarry on right (s e e National Granite

quarry for description, p . 108).
128. 7 Heb e rtville (Notre -Dame -de -Hebertville), at junction

Highway 55; proceed straight ahead along Highway 55 toward
Alma.
130. 9 Abandoned anorthosite quarry on right.
134 . 1 St-Bruno , at junction Highway 16.
Log for side trip to Chic outimi area via Highway 16 (descriptions are
given in text for underlined localities):
Mile 0.0 St-Bruno; turn right onto Highway 16.
6. 6 Larouche.
19. 9 Jonquiere, at junction Highway 16A; continue along Highway

16.
23 . 1 Junction Chemi n (road) du Pont Arvida on left, to road-cuts.
23. 9 Arvida, at jun c tion road to commerical section.
29.7 Chicoutimi, at junction Ste -Anne Street to Chicoutimi-N ord

(Ste -Anne) and to Chi c outimi North quarry, Plourde et
Plourde quarry, and Carriere Pie.
30 . 4 Chicoutimi, at junction Highway 54 .
37.6 Turn-off (right) to BagotvUle peat bog.

- 104 -
Chemin du Pont Arvida Road-cut
LABRADORITE, HYPERSTHENE, SCAPOLITE.
In anorthos ite.
Labradorite, exhibiting characteristic blue play of colour, occurs as a con-

stituent of coarse -grained anorthos ite; fragments sufficiently large for gem
purposes are uncommon. Crystals and cleavable masses of bronze-brown
hypersthene are common. Scapolite occurs as light green patches in the rock.
The anorthosite is exposed on both sides of the Pont Arvida Road at a point
O. 7 mile north of Highway 16.
Road-cuts on Highway 16 between Larouche and Chicoutimi expose similar

anorthosite containing labradorite which shows a blue schiller.
Maps (T): 22 D/6E and W Arvida.
Aluminum Company of Canada
This company operates a plant for the production of aluminium metal from
the mineral bauxite which is mined in Guyana, Surinam, and Jamaica. The
large source of hydro -electric power available on the Saguenay River and
favourable deep water transport facilities have made Arvida a suitable centre
for the establishment of the industry.
Chicoutimi North Quarry
SYENITE.
Coarse, pinkish to purplish brown syenite is composed chiefly of microcline,

plagioclase and minor amounts of pyroxene, biotite and magnetite. The rock
was formerly used as a monument stone. The quarry is no longer in
operation.
Road log from Highway 16 at Chicoutimi (mile 29. 7):
Mile 0.0 Turn left (north) onto Ste -Anne Street.
0. 6 Chicoutimi-Nord; turn left onto road to St-Honore.

2. 6 Junction; road on right leads to St-Honore. To reach syenite
quarry continue straight ahead.
4. 0 Turn-off, on left, to quarry.
4. 1 Quarry.
Ref.: ~pp. 98-99.
Maps (T): 22 D/6E Arvida.

(G): 297 Chicoutimi area, County o~ Chicoutimi (Que. Dept.
Natural Resources).
- 105 -
Plate XI. Spherulitic calcite growths, Plourde et Plourde

quarry, Chicoutimi-Nord.(Actual size) (200383-C)
Plate XII. Cavity in limestone lined with chalcedony and

quartz crystals, Plourde et Plourde quarr y,
Chicoutimi-Nord. (Ac tual size) (200383-A)
- 106 -
Plourde et Plourde Ste -Anne Quarry (Plates XI. XII)
CALCITE, CHALCEDONY, QUARTZ CRYSTALS, FLUORITE, BARITE,

PYRITE, HYDROCARBON, MARCASITE, SPHALERITE, GOETHITE,
FOSSILS.
In limestone.
Calcite occurs as white crystal aggregates in cavities measuring several

inches across, and in veins about an inch wide; it fluoresces bright pink when
exposed to ultraviolet rays (especially bright under the 'short' rays). Calcite
also forms unusual spherulitic growths (spherulites) with radial concentric
interiors and measuring about 2 inches in diameter. The spherulites are
composed of a light brown calcite (massive) interior rimmed by blackish
brown calcite crystals forming the exterior. Some spherulites have a nucleus
of colourless quartz as well as crystals of quartz on the exterior. The
spherulites form aggregates several inches across. The brown calcite fluo-
resces pale yellow under ultraviolet rays. Chalcedony, in veins up to an inch
wide, is generally light to dark grey, bluish or pinkish grey and commonly
banded; some would be suitable for lapidary purposes although much of it is
almost opaque. Chalcedony also occurs in cavities (about 2 inches ac-ross)
and is commonly chalk white grading to translucent grey; colourless quartz
crystals line the vugs. Small amounts of apple -green, massive fluorite
associated with colourless to white, platy barite and tiny pyrite crystals were
found. A black hydrocarbon with splendent lustre occurs as small masses
with marcasite in greyish white crystalline calcite. Reddish amber patches
of sphalerite are associated with colourless tiny crystals of calcite and the
hydrocarbon in massive brownish grey calcite. Pulverulent yellow and brown
goethite forms patches on limestone. Fossil corals and crinoids, replaced
by calcite, are common. The limestone is brownish grey and of Ordovician
age. Thin beds of dark grey shale are present.
The operator of this quarry is Plourde et Plourde Limitee. Limestone from

this area was formerly used as a building stone and examples of this use can
be seen in the churches at Chicoutimi-Nord and at St-Honore. At present,
crushed limestone is produced.
Mile 0. 0 Proceed north along Ste -Anne Street.
O. 6 Chicoutimi-Nord; turn left, onto road to St-Honore.
4.0 Junction; turn right onto quarry road.
4. 1 Road-cut (on left) exposes limestone similar to that found in

quarry.
4. 5 Plourde et Plourde quarry.
Refs.: ~pp. 63-68;~pp. 166-167 .

- 107 -

(G): 297 Chicoutimi area, County of Chicoutimi (Que. Dept.
Natural Resources).
Pie Quarry
CALCITE, CHERT, QUARTZ CRYSTALS, HYDROCARBON, FOSSILS.
In limestone .
Calcite occurs as colourless to white crystalline masses and as smoky brown

crystal aggregates. Under ultraviolet light, the white variety fluoresces
bright pink ( ' short' rays more effective than 'long') and the brown variety
fluoresces pale yellow . M'ilky-white and grey chert forms irregular masses
(up to 3 inches across) in limestone. It contains small vugs lined with colour-
less quartz crystals. A small amount of black hydrocarbon with brightlustre
is associated with calcite . Ordovician fossils including corals and crinoids
are found here. The limestone is light brownish grey, fine grained and
compact .
The quarry and crushing plant are operated by Carriere Pie.
Mile 0.0 Proceed north along Ste -Anne Street.
0. 6 Chicoutimi-Nord, turn left.
4. 0 Turn-off to Plourde et Plourde quarry; continue straight

ahead.
4. 7 Entrance, on left, to Pie quarry.
Refs.: ~pp. 63-68; ~pp . 166-167 .

(G): 297 Chicoutimi area, County of Chicoutimi (Que. Dept.
Natural R e sources).
Bagotville Peat Bog
PEAT.
The peat bog is about 4 feet deep and occupies an area of about 2, 800 acres.
It was operated from 1944 to 1946 by the Saguenay Peat - Moss Company for
use in the manufacture of peat fuel and for horticultural purpos e s.
The bog is on the south side of Highway 16, about 7 miles east of Chicoutimi.
A road, 1 mile long, leads south from the highway at mile 37. 6 to the peat
cutting.
- 108 -
Ref.: !!__pp. 20, 57.
Map (T): 22 D/7W Bagotville.
This is the last locality described for the side trip to the Chicoutimi area; the
main road log along Highway 55 is resumed.
Mile 134. 1 St-Bruno, at junction Highway 16; proce e d north along

Highway 55 .
138. 3 Junction road to St-Gedeon.
National Granite St-Gedeon Quarry
ANORTHOSITE ·
The anorthosite is brownish to purplish black and coarse-grained. It is

composed chiefly of plagioclase crystals with small amounts of ilmenite,
magne tite and pyroxene. The stone was used for monuments and as a build-
ing stone. The rock exposed at the abandoned quarry on Highway 55 at mile
125. 1 is similar to that found in this deposit. This quarry was originally
opened in 1930 but is no long e r in operation. The National Granite Company
operates a dressing plant h ere to process the rock from its Peribonka anor-
thosite quarry.
The St-Gedeon quarry is situated on the west side of the St-Gedeon Road at a
point 3. 9 miles west of Highway 55 at mile 138. 3.
Ref.: ~pp. 93-94.
Maps (T): 22 D /l 2E Isle -Maligne.

(G): 184A Roberval, Lake St. John County, Quebec (GSC, l inch
to 2 miles ) .
Mile 140.9 Alma, at intersection Melancon Stre e t.
National Granite Ile d'Alma Quarry
GRANITE .
The granite is pink, medium-grained and is composed of pink feldspar,

quartz, hornblende, and biotite. Tiny red grains of garnet occur sparingly.
The rock takes a high polish and is used for monuments and as a building
stone. Commercially, it is known as 'Saguenay Red' granite. The quarry
was not in operation in the summer of 1966.
Road log from Alma, mile 140. 9 on Highway 55:
Mile 0.0 Intersection Melancon Street and Highway 55 (Pius XII Blvd.);
turn left (west) onto Melancon Street.
O. 4 Intersection D e quen Street; continue straight ahead.

- 109 -
Mile 2. 9 Junc tion grave l road; turn right (north) .
4. 9 Ju nctio n single lane road; turn right.
5. 2 Gate to quarry.
Ref.: ~pp. 95-96.
Map (T): 22 D/12E Isl e-Maligne.
Mile 144.8 Junction road to St-Nazaire.
St-Charles Titanium D e posit
MAGNETITE, ILMENITE, OLIVINE, APATITE, PYROXENE, SPINEL,

HORNBLENDE, SERPENTINE, GRAPHITE, GOETHITE, BIOTITE,
PYRRHOTITE .
In anorthosite.
The or e consists of a m e dium-graine d aggregate of titaniferous magnetite and

ilm enite with brownish green olivine crystals (about 1/2 inch across) and
variable amounts of light green to colourless apatite. Other minerals associ-
ated with the d epos it are dark green pyroxene, brown hornblende, feldspar,
biotite, dark green spinel, serpentine (r eplaces olivine), graphite, goethite
and pyrrhotite.
This deposit on the north shore of the Saguenay River, has b ee n known since
the 1880s but was never mined . It h as b ee n explored by trenches, stripping
and diamond drilling.
Mile 0.0 Turn right (east) onto road to St-Nazair e.
3. 4 St-Nazair e, at church; turn right.
4. 4 Junction; turn left onto road to St-Charles.
11 . 8 Ju nc tion , on right, single lane road.
12. 1 Gate, at base of hill . A partly overgrown wagon road leads

up the hill to the ore -bearing anortho site outcrops and strip-
pings which begin about 300 yards from the gate and extend
for about 1/2 mile to the cliffs forming the north bank of the
Saguenay River .
Refs,: 2§_ pp. 22-35; 49 p. 1.
Maps (T): 22 DI 11 W St-Ambroise.

(G): 1175 Bourget area, Electoral Districts of Chicoutimi and
Jonquiere -Kenogami (Que . D e pt. Natural Resources).
- 110 -
Lac a la Mere (a la Mine) Mica Mine
MICA, TOPAZ, BERYL, CLEAVELANDITE, AMAZONITE,

HYDROCARBON.
In pegmatite.
Books of muscovite measuring up to 6 inches across are associated with

quartz and cleavelandite (albite). Greenish colour e d beryl and greenish topaz
(slightly darker than b eryl) occur as rough crystals and in massive form.
Most of the topaz is massive and inter grown with muscovite and albite. A
black hydrocarbon occupies spaces between cleavelandite plates . Green
amazonite and a brown radio ac tiv e mineral (as nodules and 1/4 inch crystals)
have also been r eporte d.
The d eposit was worked for 2 years around 1920 . An opening (about 20 feet
by 30 feet) was made on the shore at the west end of Lac a la M ere , locally
known as Lac a la Mine. There is a larg e dump adjacent to the pit. As the
mine is difficult to locat e, the services of a local guide would be h e lpful.
Ro a d log from Highway 55 at mil e 144 . 8:
Mile 0. 0 Proceed along road to St-Na za ire .
3.4 St -Nazaire, at chu r ch ; turn left (north) .
4. 4 Junction gravel road; turn right.
5. 9 Junction single lane road, on right, just b eyond gravel pit.

Follow single lane road (later becomes a trail) for approxi-
mately 1. 2miles to the mine. Accessible only in dryweather.
Ref.: ~pp. 252-253.
M ap (T) : 22 D/12E Isle -Ma ligne .
Mile 14 7 . 1 Road-cut. Anorthositc is exposed by numerous road-cuts

between here and Peribonka. The rock is coarse grained,
dark bluish grey to almost black. The plagioclase does not
display the b lue schiller.
Mile 149.7 St-Coeur -de-Marie, at junction road to L'Asc ens ion .
Peribonka Black Granit e Quarries
ANOR THOSITE.
The anorthosite is similar to the stone at the National Granite's St-Gedeon

quarry and is known commerically as 'Peribonka black granite'. It is used as
a building and monument stone. Examples of its use are: the St. Catherine
Str ee t branch of the Canadian National Bank in Montreal and the war m emo-
rials at Desbiens, Queb ec , and Edmunston , N ew Brunswick. The quarries
are operated by National Granite Limited and by Carriere Chute -du-Diable;
- 111 -
they are located on the south side of the Peribonka River near Chute -du-
Di able at points approximately 12 and 13 miles respectively by road from
Highw ay 55 at mile 149. 7 (via L'Ascension).
Ref.: ~pp. 96-97.
Map (T}: 22 D / l 3E Alex River .
Mile 157. 9 Inac tive anorthosite quarry on right.
189.8 Mist ass ini, at junction road to Ste -Elisabeth; continue on

Highway 55.
190.6 Junction road to St -Eugene.
Les Calcites du Nord Quarry (Plate XIII)
CALCITE, FELDSPAR, QUARTZ, HORNBLENDE, TITANITE,

SERPENTINE, MICA, PYRRHOTITE, THORITE, PYRITE, URANINITE.
Plat e XIII. L es Calcites du Nord quarry, St-Eugene (GSC 1387 34)

- 112 -
The deposit consists of coarsely crystalline calcite traversed by pegmatite

dykes. In places the predominant white calcite is banded in shades of pink,
yellow, green or grey . An attractive pink to rose-coloured calcite is pres-
ent in small amounts and this variety as well as the banded varieties could
be polished and used for small ornamental objects. The calcite is generally
pure except for very few tiny grains of pyrite and flakes of mica. The peg-
matite is composed mainly of pink orthoclase, grey to greenish grey plagio-
clase (massive and crystals), and white quartz . Oth e r minerals found in the
pegmatite .are: dark green to almost black hornblende crystals; massive
yellow-green to dark green serpentine; massive pyrrhotite; and specks of
pyrite and uraninite. The calcite near the pegmatite contains grass-green
transparent amphibole crystals, titanite crystals and patches (about 1/4 inch
across) of shiny black thorite.
The quarry and crushing plant are operated by Carrier e Les Calcites du Nord
Inc . , for use in the paper mill at Dolbeau and for crushed stone.
Mile 0.0 Proc ee d north along road to St-Eugene.
2. 8 Junction road to St-Stanislas; continue along road to

St-Eugene. ·
4. 6 Quarry on right; enquire at office prior to visiting quarry .
Ref.: ~pp. 83-84.
Maps (T): 32 A/16E Dolbeau .

(G): 300 Dolbeau area, northwestern part of Lac St-Jean region
(Que. Dept. Natural Resources, 1 inch to 2 miles).
Mile 225.9 St-Felicien, at junction road to Chibougamau.
237 . 0 Granite road-cuts (see description for Bernier quarry).
239.6 Junction single lane road on right.
Bernier Quarry
GRANITE.
Pink granite composed of pink microclin.e, albite, quartz, biotite and horn-
blende was quarried here from 1908 to the 1930s. It is coarse grained and,
in places, has a gneissic structure. The stone was used for monuments and
as a building stone and examples of its us e include: the churches at St-Prime,
Chambord and Roberval; the Chambord courthouse; the Roberval city hall and
the railway station at Jonquier e.
The road-cuts at mile 237 . 0 expose similar granite but with a more gneissic
structure.
- 113 -
Access to the quarry is by a single lane road, O. 15 mile long, leading west
from Highway 55 at mile 241 . 5 ( O. 2 mile south of its junction with the airport
road).
Refs , ; ~pp. 91-92; _!±p .., 50.
Maps (T): 32 A/9W Roberval.

(G): 184A Roberval, Lake St. John County, Quebec (GSC, 1 inch
to 2 miles).
300 Dolbeau area, northwestern part of Lac St-Jean region
(Que; Dept. Natural Resources, 1 inch to 2 miles).
Mile 240. 9 Roberval-Nord, at junction rue Menard.
Roberval Quarries
CALCITE, FOSSILS,
In limestone.
Colourless to white calcite crystals (dogtooth spar) occur in veins and small
cavities in limestone; they fluoresce pale yellow when exposed to ultraviolet
rays. Brachiopods and crinoids are abundant. The limestone is grey and
weathers to light brownish grey. It is of Ordovician age. Fossiliferous
specimens are found in two quarries, one operated by Les Carrieres
Roberval Limitee and the other inactive.
Mile o.o Turn left (east) onto rue Menard.
1. 2 Les Carrieres Roberval quarry on left.
2. 0 Junction single lane road on right. Follow this road for

about 5 O yards to the inactive quarry.
Refs.; .!2,pp. 79-80; _!±pp. 29-35; ~pp. 171-172.
Maps (T): 32 A/ 9E Roberval.

to 2 miles).
300 Dolbeau area, northwestern part of Lac St-Jean region
(Que. Dept. Natural Resources, 1 inch to 2 miles).
Mile 246. 95 Road-cut on right. (For description see Val-Jalbert fossil

occurr e nce.)
247.7 Val-Jalbert, at bridge over Ouiatchouan River .

- 114 -
'·
§2~~--:-~>-·
_ __
_.. . .;....:.
-:-..::·~_:- -.
Plate XIV. Graptolite-bearing shale exposures, Ouiatchouan River,

Val-Jalbert (GSC 138736).
Val-Jalbert Fossil Occurrence (Plate XIV)
FOSSILS.
In shale.
Graptolites, commonly 3 inche s long, are abundant in grey weathering black

shale. These fossils are particularly abundant on bedding cleavage planes in
the rock exposures along the bed and banks of the Ouiatchouan River at the
Val-Jalbert bridge. Other fossils found in the shale include brachiopods,
cephalopods and trilobites . They are of Ordovician age . Mica forms a dull
gr ee n coating on the shale . Similar fossil-bearing shale is exposed on the
south side of Highway 55 at mile 246 . 95.
The exposures on the Ouiatchouan River are easily accessible from the high-
way at the Val-Jalbert bridge .
Ref.: ..!±pp . 36-40.
Maps (T): 32 A/8E Chambord .

(G): 184A Roberval, Lake St. John County, Quebec (GSC , 1 inch
to 2 miles) .
- 115 -
Mile 251. 8 Chambord, at junction Highway 1 9.
L ac Bouchette Quartz Mine
QUARTZ, HEMATITE, GOETHITE.
In quartz vein cutting granite gne i ss.
Most of the qu artz is mas s ive, milky-white but some of it h as a pi nk ting e.

Cavities, co mmonly les s than 2 inc hes across, are line d with clear to milky-
wh it e quartz c rystals w ith individual c rystals mea s uring up to 1 inch long.
Fine ly granular h e matite and dark brown earthy goethite form patches on
quartz. Neither the quartz crystal s nor the massive var i ety are suitable for
l apida r y purposes.
The d e posit was worked by a qua rry at the side of a hill. Mi n ing operations
were conduct e d in 1934-35 by Sili ca Products of Canada Limite d, in 1944-45
by Industri a l Silica Corp or at ion, and in 195 3 by Dominion Sili ca Corporation.
Mil e 0.0 Proce e d s outh a lo ng Hig h way 19 .
8. 6 St -Franc;:ois -de -Sales , at church; continue along Hi ghway 19.
9. 8 Inters ect ion grave l road; co ntinue straight ahead.
10. 9 Junction single l ane road; turn left.
10. 95 Fork; bear l e ft.
11.0 Gate. Proc ee d beyond gate for about 0.6 mile to the mine on
the east side of a hill.
R e fs .: 2. p. 56; ~pp. 84-89.
Map (T): 32 A/SE Chambord .
Mile 253 . 3 Road- c uts on right.
253.9 Road-cuts on right .
Road-cuts atmil e s 253.3 and 253. 9, Highway 55
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limes tone .
The road-cuts expose Ordovician limestone containing num e rou s crinoids,

brachiopods, corals, bryo zoans, gastropods and trilobites. Colourless to
white crystals and crystalline aggregates of calcite occur in v e ins and
cavities in the limestone; the calcite fluoresces pale yellow when exposed to
ultraviole t rays ('long' r a ys mor e e ffect ive than 'short') .
- 116 -
Ref.: !_pp. 29-35.
Maps (T): 32 A/8E Chambord.

to 2 miles).
Mile 258.2 Desbiens, at junction road to Marist Monastery .
Desbiens Quarry
FOSSILS, CALCITE.
In limestone.
Fossils, including brachiopods, crinoids, gastropods, corals , trilobites and

bryozoans, are abundant in grey to brownish grey Ordovocian limestone.
Colourless crystalline calcite (fluoresces pale yellow under 'long' ultraviolet
rays) occurs in cavities and veins .
The quarry was a small scale operation and is no longer active.
Mile 0.0 Desbiens; turn right (south) onto road to Marist Monastery.
2. 9 Quarry in pasture on right.
Ref.: !_ 'p p. 84-89.
Maps (T): 22 D/5W Hebertville .

to 2 miles).
Mile 273 . 0 Hebertville (Notre -Dame -de -Hebertville), at junction

Highway 54A.
- 117 -
ADDRESSES FOR MAPS, REPORTS
For geological maps and reports:
"" The Director,

G eological Survey of Canada,
601 Booth Street,
Ottawa 4, Ontario.
Ontario. Department of Mines ,

Publications Office ,
Parliament Buildings,
Queen's Park,
Toronto 5, Ontario.
Quebec D epartment of Natural Resources,

Parliament Buildings,
Quebec City, Quebec.
For topographic maps (50 cents per sheet):
~' The Director,

Surveys and Mapping Branch,
D epartment of Energy, Mines and Resources ,
615 Booth Street,
Ottawa 4, Ontario .
For road maps and travel information:
The Canadian Government Travel Bureau,

Department of Trade and Commerce,
150 Kent Str eet,
Ottawa, Ontario.
Ontario Department of Tourism & Information,

lOA Parliament Buildings,
Toronto, Ontario.
Queb ec Department of Tourism, Fish & Game,

Tourism Division,
Government House,
* Prepayment isrequir e d for all orders; cheques should be made payable to

the Receiver General of Canada.
- 118 -
MINERAL, ROCK DISPLAYS
Miller Hall,
Queen's University,
Kingston, Ontario.
,
Ecole Polytechnique,
Department of Geology,
2500 Marie -Guyard Street,
Montreal, Quebec.
Peter Redpath Museum,

McGill University,
Montreal, Quebec.
Laval University,
- 119 -
* PUBLICATIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

0 F INT ERE ST TO
ROCK AND MINERAL COLLECTORS AND TOURISTS
Miscellaneous Report Series
No. 2 Rocks and Scenery of Fundy National Park, Nova Scotia, by David
M. Baird. 1962. 32pp. ($0. 75).
3 Prince Edward Island National Park: the living sands, by David

M. Baird. 1962. 56pp. ($0 . 75).
4 Yoho National Park , British Columbia: the mountains, the rocks,

the scenery, by David M. Baird. 1962 . 107pp. ($1. 30).
5 Cape Breton Highlands National Park , Nova Scotia: where the

mountains meet the sea, by David M. Baird . 1962 . 65 pp. ($0. 75).
6 Jasper National Park, Alberta: behind the mountains and glaciers,

byDavidM. Baird. 1963. 184pp. ($2 . 00).
7 The National Parks in Ontario: a story of islands and shorelines,

by David M. Baird. 1963. 70pp . ($0. 50).
8 Rock and Mineral Collecting in Canada, by Ann . P. Sabina. 1964.

Vol. I Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta,
Saskatchewan and Manitoba, 23 location maps; 9 photos . 14 7pp.
($1. 30).
Vol. II Ontario and Quebec. 47 locationmaps; 9 photos . 252pp.

($2.00).
Vol. III New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and
Newfoundland . 13 location maps; 8 photos. 103pp. ($1. 00).
9 Kootenay National Park, British Columbia: wild mountains and

great valleys, by David M. Baird. 1964. 94pp . ($1. 50).
10 Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta: lakes amid the mountains,

by David M. Baird . 1964. 95pp. (~l.50).
11 Glacier and Mount Reve ls toke National Parks, British Columbia:

where rivers are born, by David M. Baird. 1965 . 104pp. ($1.50).
12 Rocks and Sc enery of Terra Nova National Park , Newfoundland , by

David M. Baird. 1966. 52pp. ($1. 00).
13 Ban££ National Park: how nature carved its splendour , by David M.

Baird . 1967 . 307pp . ($3.00) .
'~PREPAYMENT OF ORDER IS REQUIRED:
Cheques should be made payable to the R eceiver General of Canada.

- 120 -
Paper Series
Paper 63-18 Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Sudbury to Winnipeg ,
byAnnP. Sabina. 1963. 69pp. table, maps. ($0.75)
64-10 Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Bay of Fundy Area
(Part of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick), by Ann P. Sabina.
1964. 96pp. figure and 8 plates . ($0.75)
65-10 Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Northeastern Nova

Scotia, Cape Breton, and Prince Edward Island , by Ann P .
Sabina. 1965. 76pp. figure, 4 location maps and 12 plates.
($0. 75)
66-51 Rocks and Minerals for the Collector: Eastern Townships,

Gaspe , Quebec; and Parts of New Brunswick, by Ann P.
Sabina. 1967 . 170pp. figure, 12 location maps and 17 plates.
($2. 00)
- 121 -
REFERENCES
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Baker, M.B.
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Beland , J,
1961: Shawinigan area, St-Maurice, Champlain, and Laviole tte
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Beland, R,
1960: Rawdon area, Montcalm and Joliette Electoral Districts; Que.
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1959: Mineralogy; concepts, descriptions, determinations;. W.H.
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Bourret, P-E.
1951: The mining industry of the Province of Quebec in 1949,
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Bourret, P-E.
1955: The mining industry of the Province of Quebec in 195 3,
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Carr, G.F.
1955: The granite industry of Canada; Can. Dept . Mines and Tech.
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Chao, G. Y. and Hounslow, A. W.

1966: Minerals from the Desoudry Quarry , Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec;
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Clark, T . H.
1952: Montreal area, Laval and Lachine map-areas; Que. Dept.
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Clark, T. H.
1955: St-Jean-Beloeil area, Iberville, St-Jean, Napierville-
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Denis, B.D.
1933: The Simard map-area, Chicoutimi county; Que . Bur . Mines
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Denis, B. D.
1934: Northwest part of Lac-Saint-Jean region; Que. Bur. Mines
( 13) Ann. Rept. for 1933, pt. D.
- 122 -
Dresser, J.A.
1916: Part of the District of Lake St. John, Quebec; Geol. Surv.
( 14) Can., Mem. 92.
Dugas, J.
1952: Geology of the Perth map-area, Lanark and Leeds counties;
( 15) Ontario; Ph.D. thesis, McGill Univ.
Ellsworth, H.V.E.
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Ferrier, W. F.
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Gadd, N . R.
1960: Surficial geology of the B~cancour map-area, Quebec; Geol.
( 18) Surv. Can . , Paper 59-8.
Gold, D.P.
1963: The Oka Complex; Geol. Assoc. Can. Guidebook, 16th Ann.
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Goudge, M.F.
1933: Canadian limestones for building purposes; Can. Dept. Mines,
(20) Mines Br., Puhl. 733.
Goudge, M. F.
1935: Limestones of Canada, their occurrences and characteristics;
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Graham, R.P.D. andEllsworth, H.V.E.

1930: Cenosite from North Burgess township; Lanark county,
(22) Ontario; Am. Mineralogist, vol. 15, No. 6.
Greig, E.W .
1952: Pontgrave -Bergeronnes area, Saguenay county; Que . Dept.
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Guillet, G . R.
1962: Vermiculite inOntariowithanappendix on perlite; Ont. Dept.
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Harding, W . D.
1951: Geology of the Olden-Bedford area; Ont. Dept. Mines Ann.
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Harrington, B. J.
1878: Catalogue des mineraux, roches et fossiles du Canada; avec
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- 123 -
Harrison, J.M. andFortier·, Y.O.

1944: Occurrences of quartz crystals, Leeds county, southeastern
(27) Ontario; Geol. Surv. Can . , Paper 44-8.
Hewitt, D.F.
1952: Feldspar in Ontario; Ont. Dept. Mines, Industrial Mineral
(28) Gire. 3.
Hewitt, D. F.
1960: The limestone industries of Ontario; Ont . Dept. Mines,
(29) Industrial Mineral Gire. 5. ·
Hewitt, D. F.
1964: Building stones of Ontario, Part II, limestone; Ont. Dept.
(30) Mines, Industrial Mineral Gire. 15.
Hewitt , D. F.
1964: Geological notes for maps Nos. 2053 and 2054, Madoc -
( 31) Gananoque area; Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Gire. 12.
Hewitt, D. F.
1965: Graphite in Ontario; Ont . Dept. Mines, Industrial Mineral
(32) Gire . 20.
Hoadley , J. W.
1960: Mica deposits of Canada; Geol. Surv . Can., Econ. Geol. Ser.
(33) 19.
Hughson, M . R. and Sen Gupta, J . G.

1964: A thorian intermediate member of the britholite-apatite series;
(34) Am. Mineralogist , vol. 49, Nos. 7-8.
Hunt, T. S .
1854: Report of T. S. Hunt; Geol. Surv. Can . , Rept. of Progress,
(35) 1852 .
Jooste, R - F
1958: Bourget area, Chicoutimi and Jonquiere -Kenogami Electoral
(36) Districts; Que. Dept. Mines, Geol. Rept. 78.
Leverin, H.A
1946: Peat moss deposits in Canada; Can. Dept. Mines, Mines Br.
(37) Publ. 817.
Mandarino, D.A. andHarris, D.C.

1965: New Canadian mineral occurrences; eucryptite, pollucite,
(38) rozenite, epsomite, dawsonite, fairchildite and bi.itschliite;
The Can . Mineralogist, vol. 8, pt. 3.
Maurice, 0 -D
1957: Preliminary report of Oka area, Electoral District of Deux
(39) Montagnes; Que. Dept. Mines, Prelim. Rept. 351 .
- 124 -
Mawdsley, J.B.
1927: St. Urbain area, Charlevoix district; Geol. Surv. Can.,
(40) Mem. 152.
Miller, W.G.
1900: Minerals of Ontario with notes; Ont. Dept. Mines, Ann. Rept.
(41) for 1900, vol. 9.
Mulligan, R.
1960: Beryllium occurrences in Canada (preliminary account); Geol.
(42) Surv. Can., Paper 60-21. --
Nickel, E.H.
1956: Niocalite - a new calcium niobium silicate mineral; Am.
(43) Mineralogist, vol. 41, Nos. 9-10. --
Osborne, F.F. and Clark, T.H.

1960: New Glasgow-St-Lin area; Electoral Districts of Montcalm,
(44) Terrebonne and L'Assomption; Que. Dept. Mines, Geol. Rept.
91.
Palache, C. and Ellsworth, H. V. E.

1928: Zircon from North Burgess, Ontario; Am. Mineralogist, vol.
(45) 13, No. 7.
Palache, C . , Berman, H. and Frondel, C.

1944: Dana's System of Mineralogy; 7th ed., vols. I and II, John
(46) Wiley and Sons.
Parks, W.A.
1914: Report of the building and ornamental stones of Canada; vol.
(47) III, Can . D ept. Mines, Mines Br. Publ. 279.
Pyke, D.R.
1966: Geology of the Montauban-Colbert area, Champlain and
(48) Portneuf counties; Que. D ept. Natural Resources,
Prelim. Rept. 545.
Raicevic, D.
1966: Concentration tests on a titaniferous ore from Titanium
(49) Products Corporation, St. Charles, Bourget township,
Quebec; Can. Dept. Mines and Tech. Surv., Mines Br.
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Robinson, A.H.A.
1922: Titanium; Can. Dept. Mines, Mines Br. Publ. 579.
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Rose, E.R.
1958: Iron deposits of eastern Ontario and adjoining Quebec; Geol.
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Rose, E.R.
1960: Rare earths of the Grenville Sub-province, Ontario and Quebec;
(52) Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 59-10.
- 125 -
Rose, E. R.
1961: Iron and titanium in the anorthosite, St. Urbain, Quebec;
(53) Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 61-7.
Rowe, R.B.
1955: Notes on columbium mineralization, Oka district , Two
(54) Mountains county , Quebec; Geol. Surv. Can., Paper 54-22.
Rowe, R.B.
1958: Niobium (columbium) deposits of Canada; Geol. Surv. Can.,
(55) Econ. Geol. Ser. 18.
de Schmidt, H. S.
1912: Mica; its occurrence, exploitation and uses; Can. Dept. Mines,
( 5 6) Mines Br. Publ. 118 .
de Schmidt, H. S.
1916: F e ldspar in Canada; Can. Dept. Mines, Mines Br. Publ. 401.
(57)
Schreyer, K.
1966: Geology of Saint-Michel-des-Saints (West) area, Joliette,
(58) Berthier and Maskinong~ counties; Que. Dept. Natural
Resources, P;relim. Rept. 552.
Shaw, D.M.
1956: The mining industry of the Province of Quebec in 1954, metals
(59) (uranium), Que. Dept. Mines.
Sinkankas , J.
195 9: Gemstones of North America; D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.
(60)
Smith, J. R.
1956: Montauban-les-Mines, Electoral District of Portneuf; Que.
( 61) Dept . Mines, Geol. R ept . 65. ---
Spence, H.S .
1920: Phosphate in Canada; Can. Dept. Mines, Mines Br. Publ. 396.
(62)
Spence, H. S.
1920: Graphite; Can. Dept. Mines, Mines Br. Publ. 511.
(63)
Spence, H. S .
1930: Mica; Can, D ept . Mines, Mines Br. Publ. 701.
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Spence, H. S.
1932: Feldspar; Can. Dept. Mines, Mines Br. Publ. 731.
(65)
- 126 -
Stockwell, C . H.
1957: Geology and economic minerals of Canada; Geol. Surv . Can.,
(66) Econ. Geol. Ser. 1.
Terasmae, J.
1965: Surficial geology of the Cornwall and St. Lawrence Seaway
(67) Project areas, Ontario; Geol. Surv. Can., Bull. 121 .
Thomson, J.E., Ferguson, S.A., Johnston, W.G.Q., Pye, E.G.,

Savage, W.S. and Thomson, R.
1957: Copper, nickel, lead and zinc deposits in Ontario; Ont. Dept.
(68) Mines, Metal Res. Circ. 2.
Thomson, T.
1843: Notice of some new minerals; Philosophical Mag., S. 3, vol.
(69) 22, No. 144 (March).
Traill, R. J.
196 2: Raw materials of Canada's mineral industry; Geol. S..urv. Can.,
(70) Paper 62-2.
Venner, H.G.
1870: On the geology and economic minerals of parts of Hastings-
(71) Addington and Peterborough counties; G e ol. Surv. Can.,
Rept. of Progress 1866-1869 , pt. V.
Vokes, F . M.
1963: Molybdenum deposits of Canada; Geel. Surv. Can., Paper
(72) 61- 7.
Wilson, A.E. and Mather, K.F.

1916: Synopsis of the common fossils of the Kingston area; Ont. Bur.
(7 3) Mines, Ann. Rept. vol. 25, pt . III, Appendix II .
Wilson, A. W.G.
1912: Pyrites in Canada; Can . D ept. Mines, Mines Br . , Puhl. 167.
(74)
Wilson, M. E.
1918: Graphite in Port Elmsley District, Lanark county, Ontario;
(75) Geol. Surv. Can., Summ. Rept. 1917, pt. E.
Wurtele, F. C.
1887: Historical record of the St. Maurice forges, the oldest active
(76) b l ast-furnace on the continent of North America; Trans . Royal
Soc. Can . , vol. 4, Sec. 2, for 1886.
Wynne-Edwards, H.R.
195 9: The structure and petrology of the Grenville -type rocks in the
(77) Westport area, Ontario; Ph.D. thesis, Queens Univ .
Wynne-Edwards, H . R.
1967: Westport map-area, Ontario, with special emphasis on the
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- 127 -
Anonymous Publications
1876: Descriptive catalogue of a collection of the economic minerals

(79) of Canada and notes on a stratigraphic collection of rocks;
Philadelphia International Exhibition, 1876 (Lovell Printing
and Publishing Co. , Montreal) .
1886: Des criptive catalogue of a collection of the economic minerals

(80) of Canada.; Colonial and Indian Exhibition, London, 1886;
Alabaster, Passmore and Sons, London.
1966: Canadian Mines Handbook 1966-67; Northern Miner Press Ltd.

( 81)
- 128 -
GLOSSARY
Actinolite ca 2 (Mg, Fe) 5 Si o 22 (0H) 2 . H=5-6. Bright green to greyish green

8
columnar, fibrous or radiating prismatic aggregates . Variety of
amphibole.
A eg irine NaFeSi206. H=6. Dark green to almost black or greenish brown;

prismatic, commonly elongated crystals. Monoclinic variety of
pyroxene.
Akermanite Ca 2 MgSi o 7 . H=5. Colourless, greyish green, brown to black;

2
generally massive. Vitreous to resinous lustre . Sub-co nc hoidal
fracture. Member of melilite group. Not readily distinguished from
other members of group in hand specimen.
Al bite NaA1Si o 8 . H=6. Generally white tabular crystals or cleavable

3
masses. Vitr eous lustr'e . Variety of plagioclase feldspar. Us e d in
manufactur e of ceramics.
Allanite (Ca , R) (Al, Fe, Mg) Si o (0H). H=6 1/2. Black , less commonly,
12
2 tabular aggre~tes,
3
dark brown or massive with conchoidal fracture.
Vitreous or pitchy lustre. Generally occurs in granitic rocks or in
p eg matite and is commonly surrounded by an orang e-colour e d halo.
Distinguished by its weak radioactivity .
Amazonite KA1Si 30R' H=6. Apple green to bright green variety of micro-
cline. Used for je we llery a nd ornamental purposes.
Analcite NaA1Si 2o 6 . H 20. H=5-5 1/2. Colourless, white, yellowish or

greenish, vitreous transparent, trapezohedral crystals or massive,
granular. Distinguished from garnet by its inferior hardness. Often
associated with other zeolites.
Anatas e Ti02. H=5 1/2-6. Yellowish or reddish brown pyramidal or tabular

crystals with adamantine lustre; also grey, blue massive. Also known
as octahedrite.
Ancylite (C e , La) (Sr, Ca) (C0 ) (0H) . 3H 20. H =4- 4 1/2. Pale yellow,
4 3 3 7 4
yellowish bro w n, grey, translucent prismatic crystals or rounded
crystal aggregates. Splintery fracture. Soluble in acids. Rare
mineral.
Anglesite PbS0 4 . H=2 1/2-3. Colourless to white, greyish, yellowish or

bluish tabular or prismatic crystals, or granular. Adamantine to
resinous lustre. Characterized by high specific gravity (6. 36 to 6. 38)
and adamantine lustre. Effe rvesc e s in nitric acid. Secondary mine r-
al generally formed from galena. Ore of lead.
Anhydrite CaS0 . H=3-3 1/2. White, bluish or greyish with vitreous lustre.
4
Generally granular massive . Alters to gypsum by absorption of water.
Distinguished from gypsum by its superior hardness. Used as a soil
conditione r and for portland cement.
Ankerite CaFe (C0 3 )2· Variety of dolomite from which it cannot be distin-
guished in the hand specimen.
- 129 -
Anorthosite An igneous rock composed almost entirely of plagioclase.
Anthophyllite (Mg, Fe) Si o 22 (0H) 2 . H=6. White, light grey to brown

7 8
fibrous or prismatic aggregates with vitreous or silky lustre. Orthor-
hombic variety of amphibole . Distinguished from tremolite by its
fibrous habit and silky lustre. Fibrous variety resembles asbestos
but is more brittle . Used in asbestos cement, for boiler coverings
and fire-proof paints because of its heat resistant property.
Anthraxolite Hydrocarbon. H=3-4. Black massive. Sub-metallic to pitchy

lustre. Uneven to conchoidal fracture. Friable, combustible.
Exposed surface partly altered to orange powder.
Apatite Ca5(P04)3(F, Cl, OH). H =5. Green to blue, colourless, brown,

red, hexagonal crystals or granular, sugary massive. Vitreous
lustre. May be fluorescent. Distinguished from beryl and quartz by
its inferior hardness; massive variety distinguished from calcite,
dolomite by lack of effervescence in HCl, and from diopside and
olivine by its inferior hardness. Used in manufacture of fertilizers
and in production of detergents.
Apophyllite KCa4(Si 4 01o) 2 (F, OH). 8H 20. H=5 . Colourless, grey, white,
green, yellow or, less commonly, pink square prismatic or pyrami-
dal crystals with pearly or vitreous lustre . Perfect basal cleavage
and pearly lustre on cleavage face are diagnostic features . Commonly
associated with zeolite s.
Arsenopyrite FeAsS . H=5 1/2-6. Light to dark grey metallic striated

prisms with characteristic wedge-shaped cross-section; also massive.
Tarnishes to bronze colour. Ore of arsenic; may contain gold or
silver.
Astrophyllite (K, Na) 2 (Fe", Mn) 4 TiSi 4 o 14 (0H)2. H = 3. Golden yellow to

bronze-brown elongated crystals or blades, often radiating; also mica-
ceous with pearly or splendent lustre . More brittle than mica.
Generally occurs in nepheline syenite .
Augite Ca(Mg, Fe, Al) (Al, Si) o . H=6. Dark green to black . Monoclinic
2 6
variety of pyroxene. Important constituent of basic and ultrabasic
rocks.
Barite BaS04. H = 3-3 1/2. White, pink, yellowish, blue, tabular or platy
crystals; granular massive. Vitreous lustre. Characterized by a
high specific gravity (4. 5) and perfect cleavage. Used in the glass,
paint, rubber, and chemical industries, and in oil-drilling technology.
Bastnaesite (Ce, La) (C03)F. H=4-4 1/2. Yellow to reddish brown platy or
granular masses with greasy or pearly lustre; also greenish brown,
earthy. Occurs with other rare element minerals. Difficult to
identify in hand specimen.
Beryl Be3Al2Si6018· H=8. White, yellow, green, blue, hexagonal prisms,

or massive with conchoidal or uneven fracture. Vitreous; transparent
to translucent. Distinguished from apatite by superior hardness,
- 130 -
from topaz by its lack of perfect cleavage; massive variety disting-

uished from quartz by density test (beryl has higher density). Ore of
beryllium which has numerous uses in the nuclear energy, space, air-
craft, electronic and scientific-equipment industries; used as alloy-
ing agent with copper, nickel, iron, aluminum and magnesium.
Birnessite (Nao. 7Ca)Mn70 14 . 2. 8H 20. H=l 1/2. Dull black grains; also
earthy. Secondary mineral associated with other manganese minerals.
Difficult to identify except by X-ray methods.
Bog iron ore Loose, porous iron ore formed by precipitation of water in
bogs or swampy areas . Ore consists of limonite, goethite and/or
hematite.
Breunnerite A variety of magnesite containing iron. White, yellowish to

brownish colour.
Britholite (Na, Ca, Ce)5(P, Si)30 12 (0H, F). H=5 1/2. Tan-coloured to
brown prisms, platy aggregates and massive. Resinous lustre.
Difficult to distinguish in hand spe cimen.
Brochantite Cu 4 (S0 4 ) (OH)6· H=3 1/2-4. Vitreous emerald green acicular

crystal aggregates; massive, granular. Secondary mineral formed by
oxidation of copper minerals . Distinguished from malachite by lack
of effervescence in HC 1 .
Brookite Ti0 2 . H=5 1/2-6. ' Dark brown to black tabular or pyramidal crys-
tals with metallic adamantine lustre. Not readily identifiable in hand
specimen.
Brucite Mg(OH) 2· H=2 1/2. White, grey, light blue or green tabular or
platy aggregates; also foliated massive and fibrous. P e arly, waxy
lustre. Soluble in HC 1. Distinguished from gypsum and talc by its
superior hardness and lack of greasy feel. Resembles asbestos but
lacks silky lustre . Is more brittle than muscovite. Used for refrac-
tories and as a minor source of magnesium metal.
Burbankite (Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, R)6(C0 3 ) 5 . H=3 1/2. Yellow or greyish yellow
tiny hexagonal crystals, massive; also colourless to reddish pink fine
hair -like aggregates in ca vi ties with calcite. Associated with other
rare element minerals. Effervesces in HC 1. Not readily identifiable
in hand specimen.
Cabochon A polished gemstone having a convex surface; translucent or

opaque minerals such as opal, agate, jasper and jade are generally
cut in this style.
Cancrinite Nag(AlSi04)6(HC03)2· H=6. Yellow, pink, grey, massive or

prismatic crystals; vitreous to greasy lustre . Associated with nephe-
line and sodalite in nepheline syenite. Effervesces in warm HCl.
Catapleiite H4(Na2, Ca)ZrSi3011 · H=6. Light yellow, tan-coloured,

yellowish brown, colourless hexagonal plates with vitreous to greasy
lustre. Occurs in nepheline syenite where it can be distinguished by
its platy habit.
- 131 -
Celestite SrS04. H=3-3 1/2. Transparent, colourless, white or pale blue

tabular crystals; also fibrous massive. Vitreous lustre. Perfect
cleavage. Resembles barite but is not as heavy. Ore of strontium.
Cenosite. 2Ca0. (Ce: Y) 2 ~ 3 . C0 2 . 4Si0 2 . H 20. H=S-6. Yellowish brown,

pink, short prismatic crystals. Vitreous lustre. Rare mineral not
readily identifiable in hand specimen ;
Cerussite PbC0 3 . H=3-3 1/2. Transparent white, grey or brownish tabular

crystals with adamantine lustre; also massive. High specific gravity
(6. 5) and lustre are distinguishing features. Secondary mineral
formed by oxidation of lead minerals. Fluoresces in shades of yellow
in ultraviolet light. Ore of lead.
Chalcedony Si0 2 . H=7. Translucent cryptocrystalline variety of quartz.

Colourless, grey, bluish, yellow, brown, reddish . Formed from
aqueous solutions. Attractively coloured chalcedony is used for orna-
mental objects and jewellery.
Chalcopyrite CuFeS 2 . H=3 1/2-4. Brass yellow, massive. Iridescent tar-

nish. Brass colour is distinguishing feature. Also called copper
pyrite. Ore of copper.
Chert Massive, opaque variety of chalcedony; generally drab-coloured (grey,

greyish white, yellowish grey or brown).
Chlorite Hydrous silicate of Al, Fe, Mg. H=2-2 1/2 . Transparent, green
flaky aggregates. Distinguished from mica by its colour and by the
fact that its flakes are not elastic.
Chondrodite 2 Mg 2Si0 4 . Mg(F, OH) 2 . H=6-6 1/2. Orange-yellow grains and

granular masses. Vitreous to slightly resinous lustre. Subconchoidal
to uneven fracture. Occurs in crystalline lime stone. Distinguished
by its colour.
Cleavelandite Platy, tabular or lamellar variety of albite. White with

pearly lustre.
Copiapite (Fe, Mg)Fe 4 111 (S0 4 )6(0H) 2 . 20H 20 . H=2 1/2-3. Pale yellow to
orange-yellow and greenish yellow granular or scaly aggregates; also
tabular crystals. Transparent to translucent. Vitreous to pearly
lustre. Secondary mineral formed from oxidation of sulphides,
expe cially pyrite. Yellow colour is characteristic.
Cordie rite (Mg, Fe) 2Al 4 Si 018. B=7. Blue to purplish blue, bluish grey,
5
colourless; massive or irregular grains. Vitreous lustre. Subcon-
choidal fracture. Alters readily to muscovite or chlorite. Disting-
uished by blue colour and by its alteration products. Colourless
variety distinguished from quartz by X-ray methods.
Crocidolite Blue or bluish grey asbestiform variety of riebeckite (amphi-

bole). Known as 'blue asbestos'. Used as an insulator.
- 132 -
Datolite Ca(OH)BSi0 4 . H=6 1/2. Transparent colourless, pale yellow or

green, white, short prismatic crystals; also botryoidal, porcelain-
like masses or granular. Vitreous lustre . Easily fusible. Disting-
uished by its colour and er ystal form and ease of fusibility.
Dawsonite NaAl(C0 3 ) (OH)2 . H= 3. Transparent, striated square prismatic

crystals; ros ettes or incrustations of bladed or ac i cular crystals;
tufts of colourless needles; also very fine micaceous aggregates.
Lustre is vitreous or pearly in crystals, and silky in micaceous
variety. Effervesc es in HC 1. Distinguishe d by crystal (striated)
form. Generally difficult to identify in hand specimen since crystals
are very small. Originally found in Montr eal near the M cGill
University campus. Named for John William Dawson (1820-1899), a
Canadian geologist and principal of McGill U n iversity .
Diopside CaMgSi206. H=6 . Colourless, white to green monoclinic variety

of pyroxene.
Dumortie rite (Al, Fe)?BSi 0 18 . H=7. Blue, violet or greenish blue colum-
3
nar or fibrous masses; also massive. Vitreous or dull lustre. Trans-
parent to translucent . Difficult to distinguish from cordier ite except
by X-ray methods. Us ed in manufacture of porcelain spark plugs.
Elpidite H6Na 2 Zr(Si0 3 )6 · H=7 . White, pale green, grey, fibrous, pris -
matic crystals or massive. Vitreous or silky lustre. Found in
nepheline syenites. Not readily identifiable in hand specimen.
Epididymite NaBeSi3070H. H=5 1/2. White prismatic crystals, massive.

Silky lustre. Occurs sparingly in nepheline syenites. Not readily
identifiable in hand specimen.
Epidote HCa2(Al, Fe)3Si 3013 . H=6-7. Yellowish green massive fibrous

aggregates. Vitreous lustre . Often associated with quartz and pink
feldspar, producing attractive mottled or veined patterns. Takes good
polish and can be used for jewellery and other ornamental objects.
Eudialyt e Na4(Ca, Fe") 2 ZrSi6011(0H, C 1) 2 . H=5-5 1/2 . Pink, deep red,

deep yellow, brown, massive; as grains, tabular or rhombohedral
c r ystals. Transpar ent with vitreous lustre. Occurs in nepheline
syenite. Diffi cult to identify in hand specimen.
Euxenite (Y, Ca, Ce, U, Th) (Nb, Ta, Ti) 2o 6 . H=5 1/2 -6 1/2. Black massive,
or prismatic crystals forming parallel or radial gro ups. Brilliant,
sub-metallic, or greasy lustre. Conchoidal fracture . Radioactive.
Distinguished from other radioactive minerals by X-ray methods.
Fergusonite (Y, Er, Ce, F e ) (Nb, Ta , Ti)0 4 . H=5 1/2-6 1/2. Black prismatic
to pyramidal crystals and massive. Bright, vitreous to submetallic
lustre on fresh surfaces. Alters to grey, yellowish or brownish on
expose d surfaces. Subconchoidal fracture. Radioactive. Occurs in
granite pegmatites. Distinguished from other radioactive minerals by
X-ray methods.
- 133 -
Fibroferrite Fe(S04) (OH). 5H20. H=2 1/2. White, yellow or greenish fib-
rous masses; also radiating fibres. Silky or pearly lustre. Formed
by oxidation of pyrite and is associated with other secondary iron
minerals from which it is distinguished by X-ray methods.
Fluorescence Property of certain substances to glow when exposed to light

from an ultraviolet lamp. It is caused by impurities in the substance
or by defects in its crystal structure. Two wave lengths are com-
monly used to produce fluorescence: lo ng wave (3, 200 to 4, 000
.Angstrom units); short wave (2, 537 Angstrom units).
Fluorite CaF 2 . H=4. Transparent, colour less , blue, green, purple,

yellowish cubic crystals; also granular massive. Vitreous lustre.
Good cleavage. Often fluorescent; this property derives its name
from this mineral. Used in optics, steel making, ceramics.
Forsterite Mg 2Si04 . H=6 1/2. White or light green square prismatic or

tabular crystals; also massive. Vitreous lustr e. Conchoidal frac-
ture. Member of olivine group; distinguished from other members of
the group by X-ray methods. Used in manufacture of refractory
bricks.
Gabbro A dark, coarse-grained igneous rock composed mainly of plagio-

clase and pyroxene. Used a 's building and monument stone .
Galena PbS. H=2 1/2. Dark grey metallic, cubic crystals; also massive
with excellent cubic cleavage. Heavy (S. G. = 7. 58). Or e of lead; may
contain silver.
Garnet Silicate of Al, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca. H=6 1/2-7 1/2. Transparent red
dodecahedral crystals or massive; also yellow, brown, green. Clear
garnet is used as a gemstone. Also used as abrasive. Distinguished
by its crystal form.
Genthelvite (Zn, Fe, Mn) 8 Be6Si6024S2 . H=6 -6 1/2. Light yellow to brown,
pistachio green, reddish brown tetrahedral crystals and massive.
Vitreous lustr e. Uneve n to conchoidal fracture. Member of helvite
group.
Gneiss A coarse-grained foliated metamorphic rock composed mainly of

feldspar, quartz and mica. Used as building and monument stone .
Goethite HFe02. H=5-5 1/2. Dark brown to yellowish brown earthy, botry-
oidal, bladed or massive. Has characteristic yellowish brown streak.
Weathering product of iron-ri"h minerals . Ore of iron.
Gold Au. H=2 1/2- 3. Yellow metallic irregular masses, plates, scales ,
nuggets. Rarely as crystals. Distinguished from other yellow metal-
lic minerals, by its softness, malleability, high specific gravity
( 19. 3 ) . Precious metal. Placer gold refers to gold dust , flakes,
scales, nuggets occurring in alluvium.
Gotzenite (Ca, Na, Al) 7 (Si, Ti)50 15 F 3 . 5 . Tan-coloured to colourless,
radiating acicular aggregates. Vitreous lustre. Rare mine ral, diffi-
cult to identify in hand specimen .
- 134 -
Granite Grey to reddish coloured relatively coarse-grained igneous rock

composed mainly of feldspar with quartz. Used as a building and
monumental stone.
Graphic granite A granite in which the quartz-feldspar intergrowths

resemble cuneiform or hieroglyphic characters. An attractive orna-
mental stone.
Graphite C. H= 1-2. Dark grey to black metallic flaky or foliated masses.

Flakes are flexible. Greasy to touch . Black streak and colour dis -
tinguish it from molybdenite. Usually occurs in metamorphic rocks.
Used as lubricant , 'lead" pencils , refractories .
Gypsum CaS04. 2H20. H=2. White, grey, light brown; granular massive.
Also fibrous (satin spar); colourless, transparent tabular crystals
(selenite). Distinguished from anhydrite by its softness. Occurs in
sedimentary rocks . Alabaster (fine grained translucent massive) and
satin spar are used for carving into ornamental objects; the latter is
c hatoyant on the polished surface.
Hackmanite Na3Al6Si60 24Cl2S. H=6. Lilac to bluish purple massive.

Fades on exposure to sunlight. Vitreous to greasy lustre. Fluores-
cence (yellow) when exposed to ultraviolet rays is a distinguishing
c har act er istic.
Hematite Fe203. H=5 1/2-6 1/2. R e ddish brown to black massive , botry-
oidal, earthy; also foliat e d or micaceous with high m e tallic lustre
(specularite). Characte ristic red streak. Ore of iron; also used as
pigment.
Hexahydrite MgS0 4 . 6H 20. Colourless, white, finely fibrous, columnar;

also globular encrustations. Pearly to vitreous lustre . Bitter, salty
taste. Occurs sparingly as an alteration product of epsomite.
Origina lly found at a Bonaparte River locality in British Columbia.
Associated with other sulphates from which it is not r eadily
distinguished.
Hibschite H4CaAl2Si 2010 · H=6 . Colourless, pale yellow or greenish

w hite , octahedral crystals (minute) or massive . Vitr e ous to greasy
(in massive varie ty) lustre. Uncommon mineral, not readily identifi-
able in the hand specimen.
Hisingerite Hydrated iron silicate. H=3. Black to brownish black amor-

phous, compact, massive with conchoidal fracture. Greasy to dull
lustre.
Hydro ce russite Pb 3 (C0 3 ) 2 (0H) 2 . H=3 1/2. Colourless to white or grey tiny
hexa g onal scales and plate s. Transparent to transluc e nt with adaman-
tine or pearly lustre . Associated with cerussite from w hich it is not
r eadily distinguished.
- 135 -
Hydrozincite Zn5(0H)6(C03)2· H=2-2 1/2. White to grey, yellowish, brown-

ish, pinkish, fine grained, compact to earthy or gel-like masses; also
stalactitic, reniform, pisolitic, concentrically banded or radially fib-
rous structures; flat blade -like crystals. Dull, silky or pearly lustre.
Fluoresces pale blue or lilac in ultraviolet light. Secondary mineral
found in oxidized zones in zinc deposits.
Hypersthene (Mg, Fe)Si0 3 . H=6. Dark brown, bronze-brown, black,

orthorhombic variety of pyroxene.
Ilmenite FeT iO 3 . H=S-6. Black compact or granular massive; thick tabu-

lar crystals. Metallic to submetallic lustre. Black streak disting-
uishes it from hematite. Source of titanium.
Jarosite KFe 3 (S0 4 ) 2 (0H)6· H=2 1/2-3 1/2. Yellow to brown pulverulent
coating associated with iron-bearing rocks and with coal. Disting-
uished from iron oxides by giving off so 2 when heated.
Kaolinite Al4Si 4 01 o(OH)g. H=2. Chalk-white or tinted with grey, yellow or

brown, dull earthy masses. Clay mineral formed c·hiefly by decom-
position of feldspars. Becomes plastic when wet. Used as a filler in
paper and in manufacture of ceramics.
Karpinskyite Na 2 (Be, Zn, Mg)Al2Si6016(0H)2· White, fine-acicular with

silky lustre. Occurs in nepheline syenite with catapleiite, eudialyte,
acmite , microcline. Very rare mineral.
Labradorite (Ca, Na) (Al, Si)A1Si o 8 . H=6. Variety of plagioclase feldspar.

2
Commonly shows blue, green, yellow play of colour. Chief constit-
uent of anorthos ite and gab bro.
Laumontite CaAl2Si4012· 4H20. H=4. White to pink or reddish white,

vitreous to pearly, prismatic crystal aggregates; also friable, chalky
due to dehydration. Characteristic alteration distinguishes it from
other zeolites.
Leucophanite (Ca, Na) 2 BeSi 2 (0, F, OHh· H=4. Green to greenish yellow
tabular crystals with vitreous lustre . Occurs sparingly in nepheline
syenite. Not readily distinguished in the hand specimen.
Leucosphenite Na4Ba(Ti0)2(Si20s)s· H=6 1/2 . Pale blue, white prismatic

crystals; also tabular. Vitreous lustre . Occurs sparingly in
nepheline syenite. Not readily distinguished in hand specimen.
Limestone Soft white or grey sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of

calcium carbonate. Dolomite limestone contains variable proportions
of dolomite and is distinguished from the normal limestone by its
weaker (or lack of) effervescence in HCl acid. Crystalline limestone
(marble) is a limestone that has been metamorphosed and is used as
a building and ornamental stone. Shell limestone ( coquina) is a par -
ous rock composed mainly of shell fragments.
- 136 -
Limonite Field term referring to natural hydrous iron oxides whose true
identity is unknown . Yellow-brown to dark brown earthy, porous,
ochreous masses; also stalactitic or botryoidal. S ec ondary product
of i·ron minerals.
Marble See limestone.
Marcasite FeSz .. H=6-6 1/2 . Pale bronze to grey metallic radiating,

stalactitic, globular , or fibrous forms. Yellowish to dark brown tar-
nish. Transforms to pyrite from which it is diffi cult to distinguish in
the hand specimen .
Melilite (Ca, Naz) (Mg, Fe", Fe'", Al) (Si, Al)z0 7 . H=5. White, pale
yellow, greenish; square or octagonal prisms . Vitreous to resinous
lustre. Conchoidal to uneven fracture. Diffi c ult to identify in hand
specimen.
Mesolite NazCazA16Si 903 0 . 8H 20. H=5. Colourless or white acicular

crystals and radiating aggregates; as tufts. Vitreous lustre. Member
of zeolite group and is generally associated with other zeolites in
amygdaloidal basalts . Distinguished from other zeolites by X-ray
methods .
Microcline KAlSi303. H=6. White, pink to red , or green (amazonite) crys-

tals or cleavable masses . Member of feldspar group. Distinguished
from other feldspars by X-ray or optical methods.
Molybdenite MoSz . H=l-1 1/2. Dark grey metallic (bluish tinged) tabular,
foliated, scaly aggregate s; also massive. Sectile with greasy feel.
Distinguished from graphite by its bluish lead-grey colour and by its
streak (greenish on porcelain, and bluish grey on paper). Ore of
molybdenum.
Monazite (Ce, La, Y, Th)P0 4 . H=5-5 1/2. Yellow, reddish brown or brown
equant or flattened crystals and grains. Resinous to vitreous lustre.
Radioactive. Resembl e s zircon but is not as hard. Distinguished
from titanite by its superior hardness and radioactivity . Occurs in
granitic and pegmatitic rocks. Ore of thorium .
Monticellite CaMgSi04 . H=5 . Colourless, grey, small prismatic crystals

or grains. Vitreous lustre. Occurs in calcite and crystalline lime -
stone. Related to olivine group. Not readily identifiable in hand
specimen.
Narsarsukite Naz(Ti, Fe)Si4(0, F) 11 · H=7. Yellow tabular or short pr is -

matic crystals. Vitreous lustre. Weathers to brownish grey or
brownish yellow colour. Rare mineral occurring innepheline syenites
and pegmatites.
Natrolite NazAlzSi3010· ZHzO . H=5. Colourless, white or reddishneedle-
like crystals often forming radiating or nest-like aggregates; also
nodular or slender prisms. Vitreous to pearly lustr e. May be dis -
tinguished from other zeolites by its acicular habit . Occurs with
other zeolites in amygdaloidal basalts, and in some igne ous rocks.
- 137 -
N e pheline NaAlSi04. H:::6. White to grey irregular masses, l e ss commonly

as hexagonal prisms. Greasy to vitreous lustre. Distinguished from
feldspar and scapolite by its greasy lustre and by its gelatinizing with
HC 1. Used in manufacture of glass and ceramics.
Neptunite (Na, K) 2 (Fe", Mn)TiSi4012· H:::S - 6. Black, deep red, prismatic

crystals. Vitreous lustre . Occurs in nepheline syenite . Rare
mineral.
Niocalite (Ca, Nb)4Si2(0, OH, F)9· H=6. Yellow prismatic crystals with
vitreous lustre; also massive granular. Occurs commonly as twinned
crystals . Associated with other niobium minerals. Granular variety
resembles apatite but is harder. Originally found in the niobium
deposit at Oka, Quebec.
Ochre Pulverulent impure iron oxides · composed of limonite or goethite

(yellow-ochre), or of hematite (red ochre). Used as a pigment.
Olivine (Mg, Fe) 2Si0 4 . H:::6 1/2. Olive-green, vitreous, granular masses
or rounded grains; also yellowish to brownish, black. Distinguished
from quartz by having a cleavage; from other silicates by its olive-
green colour. Used in manufacture of refractory bricks; transparent
variety (per idot) is used as a gemstone .
Orthoclase Pink to white monoclinic variety of potash feldspar.
Paragneiss A gneiss derived from a sedimentary rock .
Peat Dark brown decomposition product of mosses and plants in marshy

areas. Used as fertilizer, soil conditioner, insulating material,
packing material, etc.
Pectolite Ca2NaHSi309. H ::: 5. White needle -like crystals, radiating, and

forming globular masses. Silky to vitreous lustre. Decomposed by
warm dilute HCl. Associated with zeolites in basalt.
Pegmatite A very coarse-grained dyke rock.
Perister ite White albite having a blue schiller. Also called moonstone.
Used as a gemstone.
Perovskite CaTi0 3 . H:::5 1/2. Reddish brown to black cubic or octahedral

crystals; also granular massive. Adamantine to metallic lustre.
Uneven fracture. Colourless to grey streak . Distinguished from
titan'.ite by its crystal form, from pyrochlore by its lustre and streak.
Perthite A subparallel intergrowth of pink microcline and colourless plagio-

clase. Exhibits satiny or golden schiller. Named for Perth, Ontario
where it was originally found. Used as a gemstone .
Phlogopite KMg3AlSi30 1o(OH)2· H:::2 1/2. Amber to light brown variety of

mica. Used in electrical industry .
Polylithionite K2Li4Al2Si30 2o(OH, F)4. H ::: 2 1/2-4. White, micaceous.
Pearly lustre. Variety of lepidolite .
- 138 -
Pyrite F eS2. H=6-6 1/2. Pale brass yellow (iridescent when tarnished)
metallic crystals (cubes, pyritohedrons, octahe drons) or massive
granular. Distinguished from other sulphides by its colour, crystal
form, and superior hardness. Source of sulphur.
Pyrochlore NaCaNb 206F . H=5-5 1/2. Dark brown, reddish brown to black
octahedral crystals or irregular masses. Vitreous or resinous
lustre. Light brown to yellowish brown streak. Distinguished from
perovskite by its lustr e and streak, from titanite by its crystal form.
Ore of niobium .
Pyrophanite MnTiO 3. H=5 . Deep-red, reddish brown, thin tabular crys -

tals or fine flakes. Metallic to adamantine lustr e. Conchoidal frac -
ture. Memb er of ilmenite group.
Pyrrhotite F e 1-xS. H=4. Brownish bronze massive granular. Black

streak . Magnetic; this property distinguishes it from other bronze
sulphides.
Quartzite A quart z-r ich rock formed by the m etamorphism of a sandstone.

Used as a building and monumental stone , and, if colour is pleasing,
as an ornamental stone; high purity quartzite is used in the glass
industry.
Ramsayite Na2Ti 2Si20 9 . H=6. Colourless, fine acicular crystals.

Vitreous lustre. Occurs in nepheline syenite. Rare mineral. Not
readily identifiable in hand specimen.
Rhodochrosite MnC0 3 . H=4 . Pink to rose , less commonly yellow i sh to

brown, massive granular to compact ; also columnar, globular,
botryoidal; crystal s (rhombohe dral) unc ommon. Vitreous, trans ·-
par ent. Distinguishe d from rhodonite (B=6) by its inferior hardness.
Ore of manganese .
Rinkite (Na, Ca)i 2 (Ce, Ti) 5 Si 8 (0, F) 3 6 . H=5. Yellow, yellowish gre en to
brown tabular or prismatic crystals and massive. Vitr eous to greasy
lustr e . Rar e mineral occurring in nepheline syenite . Not easily
identified in h and spe c imen.
Ro zenite F e S0 4 . 4H20. Snow white, greenish white, finely granular,

botryoidal or globul ar enc rust a tions. M e tallic astringent taste.
Diffic ult t'J distinguish in hand specimen from othe r iron sulphates
with which it is associate d.
Rut'il e Ti0 2 . H=6-6 1/2. Brownish r e d to black striated prismatic or

acicular crystals; massive. Crystals are commonly t w inned, form -
ing elbow shapes. Ada mantine lustre. R ese mble s cassite rite, but
not as heavy and has light brown streak (cassiter ite has white streak).
Or e of titan ium .
- 139 -
Samarskite (Y, Er, Ce, U, Ca, Fe, Pb, Th) (Nb, Ta, Ti, Sn) 2o . H=5-6.
6
Black , brownish black, prismatic or tabular crystals , massive.
Vitreous resinous or splendent lustre. Radioactive. Exposed sur-
faces alter to brown or yellowish brown. Conchoidal fracture. Dark
brown to reddish or yellowish brown stre a k. Occurs in granite
pegmatites.
Sandstone. Sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized particles (mainly

quartz).
Sanidine Colourless, glassy, monoclinic variety of potash feldspar.
Sapphirine Mg 5 A1 12si 2o 27 . H=7 1/2. Pale to dark blue, greenish blue

grains; also tabular crystals. Vitreous lustre. Uncommon mineral.
Difficult to identify except by X-ray methods .
Scapolite (Na, Ca)4 [(Al, Si)403] 3(Cl, C03). H=6 . White to grey (less
commonly pink, yellow, bluish, greenish) prismatic and pyramidal
crystals; also massive, granular with splintery, woody appearance.
Vitreous, pearly to resinous lustre. Distinguished from felds.par by
its square prismatic form, its prismatic cleavage, its splintery
appearance on cleavage surfaces. May fluoresce under ultraviolet
rays. Clear varieties used as gemstone.
Ser andite Na6(Ca, Mn) 15 si 20o 58 . 2H 20. Pink to reddish prismatic crystal
aggregates . Vitreous lustre. O cc urs with analcite, acmite in nephe-
line syenite. Distinguishe d by its colour and crystal form.
Serpentine Mg6(Si4010) (OH)g . H=2-5 . Usually massive with waxy lustre .

Transluc e nt to opaque in shades of yellow-green to deep green also
bluish , red, brown, blac k. Often mottled, banded or veined.
Asbestos is the fibrous variety. Forme d by alteration of olivine ,
pyroxene, amphibole, or other magnesium silicates. Found in meta-
morphic and igneous rocks. Used as ornamental building stone
(verde -antique ) and for cutting and/ or carving into ornamental objects
(ash-trays, book-ends, etc .).
Shale Fine -gr ained sedimentary rock composed of clay miner a ls .
Siderite FeC03. H=3 1/2-4. Brown rhombohedral crystals, cleavable

mass es , earthy, botryoidal. Distinguished from calcite and dolomite
b y its colour and higher specific gravity, from sphalerite by its cleav-
age. Ore of iron.
Soda lite Nag(AlSi04)6Cl 2 . H=6 . Royal blue to purplish blue granular

mass es ; also dodecah e dral crystals. Vitr eous lustre . R ese mbl es
lazurit e but is harder, also distinguishe d from it by its association;
sodalite in neph e line rocks, lazur ite in crystalline limestone.
Spha l erite ZnS. H=3 1/2-4. Yellow, brown, or black, granular to cleavabl e
massive ; also botryoidal. R es inous to submetallic. Honey brown
streak. Ore of zinc.
- 140 -
Spinel MgAl204. H=7 1/2-8. Dark green, brown, black, deep blue or
green octahedral crystals, grains, or massive with conchoidal frac-
ture. Vitreous lustre. Distinguished from magnetite and chromite
by its superior hardness and lack of magnetic property.
Strontianite SrC0 3 . H=3 1/2. Colourless, white, grey, yellowish or

greenish prismatic crystals, fibrous, columnar, massive granular.
Vitreous lustre. Effervesces in dilute HG 1 . Distinguished from
celestite by its effervescence in acid, from aragonite by its higher
specific gravity. Ore of strontium.
Syenite An igneous rock composed mainly of feldspar with little or no

quartz. Used as building stone .
Synchisite (Ce, La)Ca(C03) 2 F. H=4 1/2. Yellow to brown tabular or platy

aggregates. Greasy, vitreous or subadamantine lustre. Translu-
cent. Soluble in acids. Associated with other rare element minerals
in pegmatite. Not easily distinguished in hand specimen.
Talc Mg3(Si 4 010) (OH)2. H=l. Grey, white, various shades of green.
Fine-grained massive, foliated. Translucent with greasy feel.
Massive varieties are known as steatite and soapstone, and because
of their suitability for carving, are used for ornamental purposes.
Formed by alteration of magnesium silicates (olivine, pyroxene,
amphibole, etc.) in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Used in
cosmetics .
Tetrahedrite (tetrahedrite-tennantite series) Cu12Sb 4 S3 - Cu 12As 4 S13.

H=3-4 1/2. (Tennantite harder.) Flint grey to iron black, metallic,
tetrahedral crystals; also massive granular to compact. Brown,
black or deep red streak. Tennantite is less common than tetrahe-
drite. Ore of copper; also contains values in silver, antimony.
Thomsonite NaCa 2 A1 5 si 5 o 20 . 6H 2o. H=S-5 1/2. Snow white, pinkish white

to reddish, pale green, radiating columnar or fibrous masses; also
compact. Vitreous to pearly lustre . Transparent to translucent.
Associated with other zeolites. Massive variety used as gemstone.
Thorite ThSi0 4 . H=S. Black to reddish brown tetragonal prisms with

pyramidal terminations; also massive. Resinous to submetallic
lustre. Conchoidal fracture. Radioactive. Distinguished by crystal
form, radioactivity. Source of rhorium.
Titanite (sphene) CaTiSi0 5 . H=6. Brown, wedge-shaped crystals; also

massive granular. May form cruciform twins. Adamantine lustre.
White streak. Distinguished from other dark silicates by its crystal
form, lustre and colour.
Topaz Al2Si0 4 (0H, F) 2 . H=8. Colourless, white, pale blue, yellow, brown,
grey, green, prismatic crystals with perfect basal cleavage; also
massive granular. Vitreous, transparent. Distinguished by its crys-
tal habit, cleavage and hardness. Used as gemstone.
- 141 -
Tourmaline Na(Mg, Fe)3Al 6 (B03)3(Si60l8) (OH)4 . H=7 1/2. Black, d ee p

green or blue, pink, brown, amber -colour e d, prismatic crystals; also
c olumnar , granular. Prism faces vertically striated. Vitreous
lustre. Conchoidal fracture. Distinguished by triangular cross -
section in prisms; by striations, fracture. Used in manufactur e of
pressure gauges; transparent varieties used as gemstone.
Tremolite Ca2Mg 5 Sigo 22 (0H) 2 . H=5-6 . White , grey, striated prismatic

crystals, bladed crystal aggregates, fibrous, perfect cleavage.
Usually o ccurs in metamorphic rocks. Fibrous variety is us e d for
a sbestos; clear crystals are sometimes cut and polished as a gem
c uriosity.
Uraninite UO 2. H=5-6. Black, brownish black , c ubic or octahedral crys -

tals; also massive, botryoidal. Submetallic, pitchy to dull lustr e.
Uneve n to conchoidal fracture. Radioactive. Distinguished by high
specific gravity (10. 3 to 10. 9), crystal form, radioactivity.
Uranothorite Hydrous silicate of Th , U. H=4 1/2-5. Black prisma tic crys -

tals, grains. Pit c hy lustre. May have orange-coloured sun-burst
e ffect on e nclosing rock. Radioactive. O ccurs in granitic and p eg ma-
titic rocks. Granular variety distinguished from thorite and uraninite
by X-ray m ethods.
V er miculite Mg 3 Si o 10 (0H) 2 . xH20 . H=l 1/2 . Silvery-amber or light

4
brown flaky, sheet-like aggregates. P early lustre. Exp ands or
exfoliates on heating and t his distinguishes it from mica. Formed by
the alterations of phlogopite and biotite . U se d as an insulator in con-
struction industr y, for concrete and plaste r, as lubricant, etc .
Vesuvianite (Idocras e ) Basic calcium aluminum silicate. H=7. Yellow to

brown or green, apple green, lilac , transparent prismatic or p y ram-
idal c rystals with vitreous lustre; also massive, granular, compact or
pulverulent. Distinguish e d from other s ilicates by its tetragonal
c rystal form; massive variety distinguished by its r eady fusibility and
intumesc e nc e in blowpipe flam e. May be used as a gemstone.
W e loganite Strontium zirconium carbonate. H=3 1/2 . Tran sparent lemon-
ye llo w to orange-ye llow, colourless, prismatic c rystals terminated by
pyramids; also massive. Conchoidal fracture. Vitr eous lustre.
Efferves ces in HC 1. New mineral found at Franco n quarry and named
for Sir William E. Logan, fir st dir ector of the Geological Survey of
Canada. The name has been approved by the Commission on new
minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mi ne ralogi cal
Association.
Willemite Zn2Si04. H=5 1/2 . Colourless, yellow, green, w hite , reddish

brown massive or granular; also prismatic c r ystals . Vitr eous lustr e.
Soluble i n HC 1 . May fluoresce (green) . Non-fluorescent variety dif-
fi c ult to identify in hand specimen. Mi no r ore of zinc.
Wilsonite An a lte r e d s capolite. Pink, ros e r e d , mauve to purple i n colour.

Clear variety used as gemstone. Was named for Dr . J. Wilson of
Perth where it was orig i nally found .
- 142 -
Wohlerite NaCa2(Zr' Nb)Si20s(O, OH, F). H=5 1/2-6. Yellow, brown,

orange tabular or prismatic crystals. Vitreous lustr e. Occurs in
nepheline syenite. Rare miner a l .
Wollastonite CaSi0 3 . H=5. White to greyish white compact cleavable or fib-
rous masses with splintery or woody structure. Vitreous to silky
lustre. May fluoresce under ultraviolet rays. Distinguishe d from
tremolite (H=6) and sillimanite (H=7) by inferior hardness and by its
solubility inHCl. Us ed in ceramics and paints .
Wurtzite (Zn, Fe)S. H=3 1/2-4. Brownish black pyramidal, tabular striated
crystal s ; also fibrous, columnar , concentrically banded crusts.
Resinous lustr e. Associated with sphalerite, niarcasite and other
sulphides.
Zircon ZrSi04. H=7 1/2. Reddish to greyish brown tetragonal prisms ter -
minated by pyramids; a lso colourless, green, grey. May form knee-
shaped twins . Vitreous to adamantine lustre. May be radioactive .
Di stinguished by its ~rystal form, hardness and colour. Ore of zir -
conium and hafnium. Used in moulding sand, ceramics and refrac -
tory industries; transparent variet ies used as gemstones.
- 143 -
CH EMICAL SYMBOLS FOR CERTAIN E L EMENTS
Ag - silver Mn - manganese
Al - aluminum Mo - molybdenum
As - arsenic Na sodium
Au - gol d Nb - niobium
B - boron Ni - nickel
Ba - barium 0 - oxyg en
Be - beryllium p - phosphorus
Bi - bismuth Pb - lead
c - carbon R - rare earth e lements
Ca - calcium s - sulphur
Cb - columbium (niobium ) Se - sel enium
Ce - cerium Si s ilicon
Cl - chlorine Sn - tin
Co - cobalt Sr - strontium
Cr - chromium Ta - tantalum
Cu - copper Th - thorium
Er - erbium Ti - titanium
F fluorine w - tungsten
Fe - iron y - yttrium
H - hydrogen Yb - ytterbium
K - potassium Zn - zinc
La l anthanum Zr - ,zirconium
Mg - magnesium
- 144 -
INDEX OF MINERALS AND ROCKS
Page
Acmite ............. · · .... · · . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · ... . · .... 56, 57

Actinolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .... 18, 25, 29, 55, 57, 89
Aegirine ............ · ........... . .. ... .. · · · · · ·. · · · . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 68
Akermanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · .. .. ..... . . .. ... 61, 62
Allanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 86
Albite . . .... ........ . ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . · ... · . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Amazonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 O
Amphibole .. ... . . ...... ... .. .. . ... .... . ........ 13, 15, 22, 55 , 68
Analcite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · ·. · · .. 54, 55, 57, 61, 68
Anatas e ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .... ... . .... . 67, 68
Ancy lite ......... · · .. · ·. · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ... · ... · 57
Anglesite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Anhydrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 35
Ankerite......................................................... 57
Anorthosite . .... . .. .. ... ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 108, 110 0
Anthophyllite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 88, 89

Anthraxolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97, 100
Apatite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 10, 13 , 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21,
25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 45,
46, 62, 64, 71, 88, 90, 100, 102, 109
Apophyllite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Arsenopyrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 88, 89
Astrophyllite......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Augite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Barite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 24, 29, 32, 44, 67, 87, 106
B as tnaesite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Beryl. . ..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .. 78, 97, 100, 102, 110
Biotite . ... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ......... . 29, 57, 64, 90, 109
Birnessite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Bog iron ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . , .. 80, 83, 87
Br e unnerite ......... . . . ...•... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Britholite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 64
Brochantite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
B rookite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Brucite ......... .. .......... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Burbankite ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .... . , 5 7, 68
Calcite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....... 18, 19, 21, 22 , 24, 25, 27, 29,
31, 32, 41, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
57, 67, 68, 69, 71, 85, 111
Calcite, fluorescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 48, 49, 62, 83, 87, 92, 93,
94, 96, 106, 107, 113, 115, 116
Cancrinite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Catapleiite ....... , ...... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , .......... ... . . . . . . . . . . 57
Celestite ... ..... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 8, 24, 31, 41, 51
Cenosite .. . ,, ...... ,,., ...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ... . ...... 31
Cerussite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ........ . .... . .... ,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 24
Chalcedony ... , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 106
Chalcopyrite . . . . . . . . . . . . .15, 19, 24, 25, 3 1, 39, 57, 88, 89, 96
Che rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 75, 76, 107
Chlorite ........... , .... 22, 32, 33, 36, 38, 44 , 54, 57, 62, 96
- 145 -
Page
Chondrodite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Cleave landite ....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Copiapite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 O
Cordierite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 45, 89
Crocidolite . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Datolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 57
Dawsonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55, 57, 67, 68
Diopside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 29, 33, 57, 71, 88
Dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 , 54, 55, 57, 65, 67, 68, 88
Dumortierite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Elpidite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Epididymite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Epidote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Eudialyte . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Euxenite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Feldspar .... .. .......... 11, 14, 20, 29, 32, 46, 74, 77, 85, 111
Fergusonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 78
Fibroferrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 O
Fluorite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 67, 94, 106
Forsterite..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 7, 8, 24, 41, 51, 54, 55, 60,
67, 68, 69, 70, 75, 76, 79, 81, 87,
91, 92, 93, 106, 107, 113, 114 , 115, 116
Gab bro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Galena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 19, 24, 57 , 67, 88, 89, 94
Garnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 15, 18, 19, 29, 57, 62, 71, 72, 74,
76, 77, 78, 82, 85, 88, 89, 97, 100
Genthe lvite . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Goethite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 74, 106, 109, 115
Gold ........ .. ........... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Gotzenite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 91, 108, 112
Graphic granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ - . · 14
Graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 25, 29,
34, 38, 42, 45, 46, 67, 68, 71,
72, 73, 74, 76, 82, 88, 109
Gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ....... 7, 10, 35, 41, 88
Hackmanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Hematite . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . .......... 34, 44, 5 7, 96
Hexahydrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 89
Hibschite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Hisingerite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Hornblende . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 11, 14, 18, 21, 77, 86, 109, 111
Hydrocarbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .... ....... .. ..... 6, 106, 107, 110
Hydrocerussite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 24
Hydrozincite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Hypersthene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Ilmenite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 57, 68, 96, 109
Iron , see Bog iron
Jarosite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 54, 88
Kaolinite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 68
Karpinskyite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ... ..... 5 7
- 146 -
Page
Labradorite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Laumontite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Leucophanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Leucosphenite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Limonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 96
Magnetite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 14, Ei, 21, 22, 34, 36, 39, 45,
57' 61, 62, 64, 73, 74, 86, 109
Marcasite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 29, 41, 48, 57, 67, 88, 106
Melilite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Mesolite .............. ....... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Mica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,
20, 22, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 34,
35, 47, 78, 85, 97, 110, 111
Microcline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 57, 86
Molybdenite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14, 19, 25, 57, 88, 89, 90
Monazite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72, 73, 74, 97
Monticellite .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Muscovite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 100, 102
Narsarsukite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Natrolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 68
Nepheline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Neptunite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Niocalite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 64
Ochre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Olivine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54, 55, 61, 109
Orthoclase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 96
Peat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99, 107
Pectolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Peristerite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 78
Perovskite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 62
Perthite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Phlogopite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 57, 88, 89
Plagioclase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 6 7, 68
Polylithionite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Pyrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14,
15' 16' 1 7' 18' 1 9' 2 2' 24'
25, 27, 29, 32, 34, 35, 45,
46, 49, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57'
6 1, 6 2' 6 5' 7 1, 8 8' 94' 111
Pyrochlore .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 62, 64, 78
Pyrophanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Pyroxene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 10, 14, 21, 22, 25, 29,
31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 45, 46,
55, 61, 62, 65, 85, 96, 109
Pyrrhotite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10, 14, 19, 29, 48, 55, 57,
71, 88, 89, 96. 109, 111
Quartz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 57, 77, 78, 115
Quartz, crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 14, 31, 44, 47, 49,
54, 65, 106, 107' 115
Quartz, rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Ramsayite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
- 14 7 -
Page
Rhodochrosite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · · 57
Rinkite . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57
Rozenite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · .. · · · · · · · · · ·. 10, 88 , 89
Rutile .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... .... · · · . · · · ·. · 57, 89, 96
Samarskite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Sandstone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. · 54
Sanidine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . · · 5 7
Sapphirine .. ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. · · · · · · · · · .. · · · ... · .... . · 96
Scapolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 15, 16, 21, 22, 25, 29, 31,
34, 38, 39, 42, 45 , 85, 88, 104
Serandite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · · · . .. · · · .... · . . ... .... · · 57
Serpentine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19,
21, 22, 29, 33, 34, 38, 42,
45, 46, 71, 85, 96, 109 , 111
Siderite .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ...... 54, 56, 57, 67
Sillimanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 74, 82
Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Sodalite ...... . ...... .. .. ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ..... ... ... . .... ... 5 7
Sphalerite . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . ...... l7, 19, 24, 31, 57, 67,
68, 88, 89, 94, 106
SpineL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ..... ...... 89, 109 0
Strontianite ....... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .... ... . . . . . . . . . .. 51, 54, 67

Syenite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 104
Synch is ite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Talc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 , 22, 25, 33, 45, 47, 54, 71, 88
Tetrahedrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Thomsonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 61
Tho rite .... ... ... .. ......... .. . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . ... 111
Titani te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 16, 17, 21, 25, 29, 3 1, 32, 35, 38,
42, 45, 46, 48, 57, 61, 71, 85, 88, 111
Topaz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... : . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Tourmaline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11, 13 , 14, 16, 17, 21, 22,
24, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38, 42,
46, 48, 61, 78, 88, 100, 102
Tr emolite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 21, 29, 45, 46, 47, 85, 88
Tremohte-asbestos .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 29
Uraninite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 97, 111
Uranothorite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . 90
Vermiculite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
V esuv i anite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14, 19, 57
Weloganite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Willemite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Wilsonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... . .. .... .. ..... ... . 34, 88, 89
Wohlerite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Wollastonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Wurtzite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7
Zircon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 25, 29, 34, 35, 45, 57, 67, 97

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9,~0 9'~/l 'i /Jt-f.

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, MINES AND RESOURCES

ROCKS AND MINERALS FOR THE COLLECTOR

Kingston, Ontario to Lac St-Jean, Quebec

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, MINES AND RESOURCES

Available by mail from the Queen's Printer, Ottawa,

from Geological Survey of Canada,

and at the followin$ Canadian Government bookshops:

or through your bookseller

Price $2.00 Catalogue No. M44-67-51

Price subject to change without notice

ROGER DUHAMEL, F.R.S.C .

Plate I. Mont St-Hilaire quarry, (GSC 135741)

Introduction . ... . .. . ........ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A brief geological history . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Collecting along the route 3

Section 1: Kingston - Island of Montreal

Kingston township quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Section 2: Island of Montr e al-Lac St-Jean

Meloche (Kirkland) quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 60

Manchester Falls occurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

V a l --Jalbe rt fossil occurrenc e . . . . . .. ...... ....... .. . .. . . . 114

Address e s for m a ps, r e ports ,. . .. . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 117

Mine ral, rock displays. .. . . .. . . . ... .... .. . ........... . ..... 118

Publi c ations for collec tors , tourists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9

Refer e nces to geologic al reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Table of elements.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Inde x of mine rals and ro cks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Tabl e 1. Geological history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2: - - - - - -

Figur e 1. Map sho w i n g colle cting route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

Maps 1. Kingston a r e a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 4

Plates VIII . Garnets in quartzite, in road-cut near Rawdon . . . . . 72

Occurrences of minerals, rocks and fossils are described from

In the Kingston-Perth area there are numerous formerly-worked

Many uncommon and/or rare minerals are reportedfrom d_~posits

win g col lec tin g rou tes

INT ROD UC TION

This booklet describes mineral, rock and fossil localities between

The localities were visited during the summer of 1966 by the

A BRIEF GEOLOGICAL HISTORY

The colle cting area comprises two geological regions - the

Manuscript received: September 8, 1967.

AGE PERIOD ROCKS FORMED

Peat Les E scoumins; Bagotville bogs.

Nepheline syenite Mont St-Hilaire.

Dolomite Brockville a r ea quarries.

Cambrian Sandstone Kings t o n a r ea ; Melochville.

Pegmatite Kingston area feldspar mines; Maisonneuve, McGie mines ,

Granite Quarries at Riviere -a-Pierre, Ile d 1 Alma, Rob erval.

Pyroxenite Mica-ap atite mines in Kingston , P e r th areas.

Quartz-biotite gneiss Quarries in Shawinigan, Grand 1 ME:re a r ea .

G a rnet - s ill imanite gneiss Rawdon a r ea.

Quart zite Rawdon area.

At the close of the Precambrian era, a long period of erosion

In more recent times - during the Pleistocene Period - great ice

The geological history, w ith examples of rocks form e d, is sum-

COLLECTING ALONG THE ROUTE

The route, as shown on Figure 1, is divided into two sections:

Information on each locality is systematically listed as follows: