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Ecg 2

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36 views2 pages

Ecg 2

Uploaded by

Talha ki Diary
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cardiac stress testing

Computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography of the heart


Clinical cardiac electrophysiology, in which a catheter is inserted through the femoral vein and can have
several electrodes along its length to record the direction of electrical activity from within the heart.
ECGs can be recorded as short intermittent tracings or continuous ECG monitoring. Continuous
monitoring is used for critically ill patients, patients undergoing general anesthesia,
Screening
For adults, evidence does not support the use of ECGs among those without symptoms or at low risk of
cardiovascular disease as an effort for prevention. This is because an ECG may falsely indicate the
existence of a problem, leading to misdiagnosis, the recommendation of invasive procedures, and
overtreatment. However, persons employed in certain critical occupations, such as aircraft pilots, may be
required to have an ECG as part of their routine health evaluations. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
screening may also be considered in adolescents as part of a sports physical out of concern for sudden
cardiac death.
Electrocardiograph machines
Electrocardiograms are recorded by machines that consist of a set of electrodes connected to a central
unit. Early ECG machines were constructed with analog electronics, where the signal drove a motor to
print out the signal onto paper. Today, electrocardiographs use analog-to-digital converters to convert the
electrical activity of the heart to a digital signal. Many ECG machines are now portable and commonly
include a screen, keyboard, and printer on a small wheeled cart. Recent advancements in
electrocardiography include developing even smaller devices for inclusion in fitness trackers and smart
watches. These smaller devices often rely on only two electrodes to deliver a single lead I. Portable
twelve-lead devices powered by batteries are also available.
Recording an ECG is a safe and painless procedure. The machines are powered by mains power but they
are designed with several safety features including an earthed lead.
Other features include:
Defibrillation protection: any ECG used in healthcare may be attached to a person who requires
defibrillation and the ECG needs to protect itself from this source of energy.
Electrostatic discharge is similar to defibrillation discharge and requires voltage protection up to 18,000
volts.
Additionally, circuitry called the right leg driver can be used to reduce common-mode interference.
ECG voltages measured across the body are very small. This low voltage necessitates a low noise circuit,
instrumentation amplifiers, and electromagnetic shielding.
Simultaneous lead recordings: earlier designs recorded each lead sequentially, but current models record
multiple leads simultaneously.
Most modern ECG machines include automated interpretation algorithms. This analysis calculates
features such as the PR interval, QT interval, corrected QT interval, PR axis, QRS axis, rhythm and more.
The results from these automated algorithms are considered "preliminary" until verified and/or modified
by expert interpretation. Despite recent advances, computer misinterpretation remains a significant
problem and can result in clinical mismanagement.

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