EEE 1002 - Measurements in

Electronics Engineering
Lecture: Lab - 2:2 credits

Language: English

Instructor: Dr. M. Saadeddin Ozturk

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 Goals of EEE1002:
Electronic Measurements
• To fuse the gap between technical
materials and field practices.
• To provide students with a perspective of
electrical engineering disciplines and
domains of activities.
• To teach principles and applications of
electrical and electronics measurements.
• Eventually, to prepare engineering students
for the professional practice

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 Outcomes of the Course
After completing the course the students expected to
have
• Interpretation of physical activities from an
engineering point of view
• Recognition of techniques for determining the
quantity of physical variables.
• Identification of measuring instruments and
determining their properties
• Assessment and interpretation of the measured data
• Evaluation of the measurement uncertainties and
limits of tolerances

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 Course Content
• Fundamentals of electrical engineering and areas of applications,
• Characteristics of measurements
• Circuit elements and their properties,
• Electronic measurement principles,
• Principles of measuring instruments,
• Waveform and picture display devices,
• Sources of electrical energy,
• Measurement and evaluation of
– electrical,
– thermal and
– mechanical quantities.

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 Spring 2021 Syllabus
Week Subject
1 Application areas of electrical engineering and related fields of activities.
Quantities, units and standards.
2 Fundamentals of electricity and types of current carrying cables
3 Electrical circuit elements 1(resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers
and memristors)
4 Electrical circuit elements 2 (resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers
and memristors)
5 Measurement and error: properties of measuring instruments, analysis of
measured data, uncertainty analysis, and experimental method.
6 Analog measuring instruments for electrical quantities: ammeters,
voltmeters etc. and errors due to measurement and loading.
7 Digital measuring instruments for electrical quantities: electronic counters,
analog to digital conversion, digital voltmeter.

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 Spring 2021 Syllabus
Week Subject
8 Measuring electrical energy / Power supplies
9 Midterm week.
10 Temperature measurement: measurement techniques, thermocouples,
thermistors, infrared sensors and pyrometers.

11 Measurement of mechanical quantities: displacement sensors, strain gages,

Wheatstone bridge.
12 Mechanical and electronic flow meters, laser-based displacement
measurement.
13 Waveform and picture display devices: principle of operation and
measurement with oscilloscopes, multi-channel oscilloscopes, virtual
devices, picture display techniques.

14 Illumination and devices used for illumination, electrical safety.

15 Student report submission 6

 Textbook and References
• Notes is prepared based on the textbooks
provided below
• Chapters will be provided before the class
• Textbooks:
• Purcait, P et.al, Electrical and Electronics
Measurements and Instrumentation, McGraw Hill, 2013
• Tumanski, S, Principles of Electrical Measurement,
2006
• Karagozoglu, B, Measurement in Electrical
Engineering, Nobel Yayinlari, 2014
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 Grading
Mid semester works How many? Contribution
Homework 2 10
Lab Report 3 20
Midterm 1 20
Final exam 1 50
Total 100

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ECTS / WORK LOAD TABLE
Time Total
Activities Num.
(hour) (workload)
Lectures 14 2 28
Preparation for lectures 14 2 28
Homework 2 4 8
Applications 4 5 20
Midterm 1 15 10
Final 1 20 10
Total workload 119
Total workload / 25 4,76
ECTS of the course 5
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 Electrical Engineering
Electrical Engineering (after 1980) is generally referred to
the engineering discipline that deals with electrical energy
and its utilization.
It has branches:
• Power
• Electronics
• Communication
• Biomedical
• Signal Processing
• Photonics
• Control

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 Current status and future trends
• Eco-friendly devices
• Power efficient, renewable source
• Avionics
• IHA, SIHA, self assembly robots
• Automotive
• Electric vehicles (EVs) & Driverless autos
• Skills: Circuits and systems
• Micro-mechanical devices
• Smaller, more efficient devices
• e-health
• Data mining
• Image processing
• Medical, Surveillance

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 Commonalities Across All Disciplines

• “Read out" real-world quantities

• Device
• Measuring variables
• Error, accuracy, precision, …
• Assessment of statistics
• Extract descriptive parameters
• Analysis of the measured parameters
• Extracting information, display
• Draw conclusion
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 Standardization!
• We can talk about measurement accuracy
or error estimation
– If we have a common understanding of
measurment devices and units!
– Units has to be agreed up on!

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 Measurement, Units and Standards
Before standard units, let’s take look at
some non-standard units
• A light-nanosecond is defined as
exactly 29.9792458 cm
• The hand is a non-SI unit of length
equal to exactly 4 inches (101.6 mm)
• The cord is a unit of measure of dry
volume used to measure firewood.
• Olympic-size swimming pool used for
50 m × 25 m area.

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 Measurement, Units and Standards
• A measurement is a cognitive process of
gathering the information from the physical
world. In this process, a value of a quantity is
determined (in defined time and conditions) by
comparing it (with known uncertainty) with a
standard reference value. (Tumanski)

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 Measurement, Units and Standards
• A quantity is the aspect in which a thing is
measurable in terms of greater, less, or equal
or of increasing or decreasing magnitude.
– Examples are speed of a car and mass of an
electron.
– A physical quantity is a measure that can be used in
the mathematical equations of science and
technology.
• A unit is a determinate quantity (as of length,
time, heat, or value) adopted as a standard of
measurement

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QUANTITIES, UNITS AND STANDARDS

• The value of a physical quantity is the expression of a

particular physical entity as the product of a number and
a unit, the number being its numerical value.
• Thus, the numerical value of a particular physical quantity
depends on the unit in which it is expressed.
– For example, the value of the height h of a light pole is h = 16
m.
– Here h is the physical quantity, its value expressed in the unit
"meter," unit symbol m, is 16 m, and its numerical value when
expressed in meters is 16.

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International Standarts of Units (SI)

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 Basic and Derived Units
• The internationally established (SI) units are the meter for length, the
kilogram for mass, and the second for time, abbreviated as the mks
system of units. Such a unit is called a basic unit. The corresponding
physical quantity is called a basic quantity.

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 Basic and Derived Units
• The internationally established (SI) units are the meter for length, the
kilogram for mass, and the second for time, abbreviated as the mks
system of units. Such a unit is called a basic unit. The corresponding
physical quantity is called a basic quantity.
• All units that are not basic are called derived units. In the mks
system the derived units for force and energy are a convenient size
in an engineering sense, and all the practical units fit in as the natural
units to form a comprehensive unit system.

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 Basic and Derived Units
• The internationally established (SI) units are the meter for length, the
kilogram for mass, and the second for time, abbreviated as the mks
system of units. Such a unit is called a basic unit. The corresponding
physical quantity is called a basic quantity.
• All units that are not basic are called derived units. In the mks
system the derived units for force and energy are a convenient size
in an engineering sense, and all the practical units fit in as the natural
units to form a comprehensive unit system.

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Absolute and Gravitational Units
• Systems of units in which the mass is taken as a
basic unit are called absolute systems of units,
whereas those in which the force rather than the
mass is taken as a basic unit are called
gravitational systems of units.
• The metric engineering system of units is a
gravitational system of units and is based on the
meter, kilogram-force, and second as basic units.

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 Standards
• The international system of units (SI) is the
internationally agreed on system of units for
expressing the values of physical quantities.
• In this system four basic units are added to the
customary three basic units
– Meter
– Kilogram
– Second
of the mks absolute system of units.

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 Standards
• The four added basic units are
– Ampere as the electric current,
– Kelvin as the unit of thermodynamic temperature,
– Candela as the unit of luminous intensity,
– Mole as the unit of amount of substance.

• Thus in SI units:
– meter, kilogram, second, ampere, Kelvin, candela, and
mole constitute
– the seven basic units.
• There are two auxiliary units in the SI units:
– Radian, which is the unit of a plane angle,
– Steradian, which is the unit of a solid angle.

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 Standard prefixes for the SI units
Multiples Fractions
Name Symbol Factor Name Symbol Factor
100 100
deca Da 101 deci d 10−1
hecto H 102 centi c 10−2
kilo K 103 milli m 10−3
mega M 106 micro μ 10−6
giga G 109 nano n 10−9
tera T 1012 pico p 10−12
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15 −15
 Exercise
What does mks stands for? What is the
significance of mks?

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 Exercise
What are the 4 added basic units in SI?

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 Exercise
State seven basic internationally recognized
(SI) units and specify quantities that they
identify.
1. Meter [m]
2. Kilogram [kg]
3. Second [sec]
4. Ampere [A]
5. Kelvin [K]
6. Candela [Cd]
7. Mole [n]

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