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Bernoulli

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9 views3 pages

Bernoulli

Uploaded by

qajbcalagui
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bernoulli’s Principle v 1and v 2 = speed of the fluid

- Conservation of energy when applied g=gravity ( m/ s2 )


to fluids in motion . h1∧h2 = height ( m )
- Along streamline the sum of the
pressure energy, kinetic energy and
potential energy is constant . The pressure at a point in the tube
- For horizontal flow , an increase in
plus half the density of the fluid multiplied by
velocity must be accompanied by a
the square of its velocity at that point, added
decrease in pressure
to the gauge pressure of the fluid (ρgh), must
be equal at any point in the tube.

Torricelli’s Law or Torricelli’s theorem


- A particular case of Bernoulli’s
equation which allows to calculate the
speed of a fluid flowing out of an outlet
as a function of the height of fluid above
the opening .

1 2 1 2
P1 + ρg h1 + ρ v 1 =P2 + ρg h2 + ρ v 2
2 2 v 1=√ 2 gh
1 2 1 2
P1−P2= ρg h2+ ρ v 2 −ρg h1 + ρ v 1 - faster a fluid flows out of an opening
2 2
in a container, the higher the fluid level
1 2
above the opening.
P1−P2= ρg h2−ρg h1 + ρ v 2
2
−1 2 v 1=√ 2 gh
ρ v1
2
1 Where:
P1−P2= ρg ( h2−h1 ) + ρ ( v 2 −v1 )
2 2
2 v 1=¿speed of fluid flowing out ( m/s )
g=gravity ( m/ s2 )
Where :
h2 ∧h1 = height ( m )
P1∧P2 = pressure ( Pascal )
ρ=density ( kg /m3 )
Interesting Example of Torricelli’s
Theorem
v vv

Given :
• Discharge velocity increases with
depth. d 1=2.0 cm=.02m
• Maximum range is in the middle. d 2=1.0 cm=.01m
• Holes equidistant above and below 5
P1=4 x 10 Pa
midpoint will have same Y 2=5.0 m
horizontal range. Y 2=5.0 m
⃗
v 1=1.5 m/s
Example :

1. Water enters a house through a pipe ⃗


v 2=?
with an inside diameter of 2.0 cm at an P2=?
absolute pressure of 4 x 105Pa. Water J=?
enters a house through a pipe with an
inside diameter of 2.0 cm at an absolute 2. Water is pumped at a rate of 24 cm3 / s
pressure of 1.0 cm diameter pipe leads to through a 0.5 cm radius pipe on the main
the second floor bathroom 5.0 m above floor of a house to a 0.35 cm radius pipe
1.5 m above When the flow speed at the in a solar hot water collector 4m higher
inlet pipe is 1.5 m/s . Find the flow speed, on the roof. If the pressure on the pipe on
pressure and the volume flow rate in the the roof is 1.20 x 105 Pa . What is the
bathroom . pressure in the larger pipe on the main
floor ?
3. A large open barrel is filled with water
to a height of 1 m above the cork .
Calculate the initial flow of water from
1.2 cm radius hole when the cork is
removed ?

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