Department of Computer

Science and Information

Technology

COE102
Introductory Big Data
Analytics

Lab 1
Exploring Power BI
Working with Univariate and Bivariate
Analytics

Course Instructor: Dr. Heba Ismail

Course Teaching Assistant: Ms. Rawan ElAbyad

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 Contents
...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Learning outcomes ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Additional Resources .................................................................................................................................. 3
Lab Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Part A: Getting started with Power BI. ......................................................................................................... 3
What is Power BI? .................................................................................................................................... 3
Parts of Power BI ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Install Power BI Desktop .......................................................................................................................... 5
Explore Power BI Desktop ....................................................................................................................... 8
Part B: Preparing Data in Power BI Desktop ................................................................................................ 9
Task 1: Load CSV data into Power BI Desktop ....................................................................................... 9
Task 2: Preview and analyze the data using Power Query Editor .......................................................... 12
Part C: Univariate Analytics ....................................................................................................................... 20
Task 1: Analyze and visualize one qualitative-nominal attribute – Univariate analysis using Pie Chart20
Task 2: Analyze and visualize one qualitative-nominal attribute – Univariate analysis using Stacked
Column Chart .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Task 3: Analyze and visualize one qualitative-nominal attribute – Univariate analysis using Stacked
Bar Chart ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Task 4: Analyze and visualize one quantitative attribute – Univariate analysis using cards for Students’
Grade attribute. ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Part C: Bivariant Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 32
Task 1: Analyze and visualize two attributes – Bivariate analysis using Stacked Bar Chart and Line
Chart........................................................................................................................................................ 32
Task 2: Bivariate Analysis Part I ............................................................................................................ 40
Task 3: Bivariate Analysis Part II ........................................................................................................... 41
Task 4: Bivariate Analysis Part III .......................................................................................................... 44

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 Learning outcomes
By completing this lab, you should be able to:
✓ Understand the basics of Power BI Desktop.
✓ Learn the different components of Power BI.
✓ Learn the workflow of Power BI.
✓ Learn how to connect Power BI Desktop to CSV files.
✓ Load Data in Power BI Desktop
✓ Prepare Data in Power BI Desktop
✓ Work with univariate and bivariate data to produce useful analytics using Power BI
✓ Visualize bivariate and univariate analytics using different charts.

Additional Resources
Links on different Power BI tutorials:
• Tutorial 1: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/get-started-power-bi/
• Tutorial 2 : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/get-transform-data-power-bi/
• Tutorial 3 : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/create-use-analytics-reports-
power-bi/
• Tutorial 4 : https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/build-power-bi-visuals-reports/

Lab Overview

This lab provides a general overview of Power BI. Power BI is a Business Intelligence tool
developed by Microsoft. It has three main components: Power BI Desktop, the Power BI Service,
and Power BI Mobile App. The lab material starts with the installation process of Power BI
Desktop and provides a brief overview of its main interface elements such as the Ribbon, Report
view, Pages tab, Visualizations pane, and Fields pane. After that, we move into working with
univariate and bivariate data analytics and related charts.

Part A: Getting started with Power BI.

What is Power BI?

Power BI is a collection of software services, apps, and connectors that work together to turn your
unrelated sources of data into coherent, visually immersive, and interactive insights. Your data
may be an Excel spreadsheet, or a collection of cloud-based and CSV data warehouses. Power BI
lets you easily connect to your data sources, visualize, and discover what's important, and share
that with anyone or everyone you want.

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Parts of Power BI
Power BI consists of a Microsoft Windows desktop application called Power BI Desktop, an
online SaaS (Software as a Service) called Power BI Service and a mobile Power BI App that
can be accessed from Windows. The typical sequence of events in Power BI is shown in Figure 1
and follows the general deployment pattern described below.

• Bring data into Power BI Desktop and create a report.

• Publish to the Power BI service, where you can create new visualizations or build
dashboards.
• View and interact with shared dashboards and reports in Power BI Mobile apps.
The Power BI platform is supported by three key components - Desktop, Service, and Mobile
apps which enable users to generate, share, and utilize insightful information in an efficient
manner. Nevertheless, this lab will mainly focus on using Power BI Desktop.

Figure 1: Power BI workflow.

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Install Power BI Desktop

Step 1: Open a browser and go directly to Microsoft Download Center (Click this Link). Select
English as the main language of application, click download as shown below in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Microsoft Download Center.

Step 2: After you've landed on the Power BI Desktop page, specify the 32-bit or 64-bit
installation file to download as seen below in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Download the installation file

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Step 3: After you launch the installation package, Power BI Desktop installs as an application
and runs on your desktop as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: launch the installation package.

Step 4: As seen in Figure 5, when you launch Power BI Desktop for the first time as seen below,
if the installation isn't an upgrade, you're prompted to fill out a form or sign in to the Power BI
service before you can continue.

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 Figure 5: Main Power BI interface

Step 5: Register with your university email and complete your sign in details as seen in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Complete the registration.

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Explore Power BI Desktop
The main elements of Power BI desktop are shown in Figure 7:

Figure 7: Main elements of Power BI desktop

1. Ribbon - Displays common tasks that are associated with the selected menu tab (e.g.,
Home, Insert, Modeling, … etc.)
2. Canvas - Where visualizations are created, data is processed and arranged. You can
switch between Report, Data, and Model views by selecting the icons in the left bar.
3. Pages tab - Located at the bottom of the page, this area is where you can select or add a
specific report page.
4. Visualizations pane - Where you can change visualizations, customize colors or axes,
apply filters, drag fields, and more.
5. Fields pane - Where query elements and filters can be dragged onto the Report view or
dragged to the Filters area of the Visualizations pane.

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Part B: Preparing Data in Power BI Desktop
In this Part, you will load data file into Power BI and start working with univariate and bivariate
analytics.

Task 1: Load CSV data into Power BI Desktop

Step 1: Create a Power BI file and save it. Click the File menu tab to open the backstage view,
Select Save as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Create a Power BI Desktop file and save.

Step 2: Then name the file as the following Sales Analysis_Yourname&StudentID as seen in
the Figure 9.

Figure 9: Name your Power BI file.

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Step 3: Load CSV file into Power BI Desktop
To connect to the sample data for this exercise, select Get data from the Home ribbon . Then,
choose Text/CSV Option as seen in Figure 10.

Figure 10: Selecting from the data sources menu.

Step 4: Download the file “DimCustomer.csv” from the lab shared folder (Dataset Link), save it
on your computer and import it into Power BI as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11: List of the sample files to be loaded into Power BI.

Step 5: As illustrated in Figure 12, when you click Open, the below window appears, displaying
sample data from the selected file.

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 Figure 12: Loading the data to be used.

As depicted in Figure 13, you have two options: Load and Transform Data. If you wish to import
the data directly into Power BI Desktop without making any changes, simply click on Load.
However, if you need to modify the data, click on Transform Data. This will take you to the
Power Query Editor, where you can make any necessary adjustments to the file before importing
it into Power BI. In the Editor, you can modify the table name, column names, change the data
type of a column, eliminate data or delete columns, and more.
Step 6: Click on Transform data.

Figure 13: Click on Transform data.

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Task 2: Preview and analyze the data using Power Query Editor

Step 1: In the Power Query Editor window, at the left, notice the Queries pane. Note that The
Queries pane contains query for each loaded dataset. Select the first query—DimCustomer.

Figure 14: From Power Query Editor Window Selecting the first query.

Step 2: At the bottom left, in the status bar, notice the table statistics—the table has 33
columns, and 999+ rows.
Can you give different terms that we can use to describe columns and rows?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Figure 15: Dataset statistics.

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Examine your data and answer the following questions:
1. Identify two quantitative attributes.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Identify the type of quantitative attributes that you have selected. Are they absolute or
relative? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. Identify two qualitative attributes.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4. Identify the type of qualitative attributes that you have selected. Are they ordinal or
nominal? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. Which attribute of the four that you have selected is more informative? Justify your
answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

6. What type of operations can you use with the attributes that you have selected?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Step 3: To assess column quality, on the View ribbon, from inside the Data Preview group,
check Column Quality as seen in Figure 16. Column quality allows you to easily determine the
percentage of valid, error, or empty values.

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In Power BI, the terms "Valid value," "Error value," and "Empty value" refer to different states
of data in the column.

• A valid value is the one that meets the specified criteria or conditions, and can be used for
analysis or calculations.
• An error value is one that fails to meet the criteria or conditions set for the data, such as
an incorrect data format or missing data.
• An empty value in the quality column refers to a cell that does not contain any data at all

Figure 16: Apply Column quality.

Step 4: Check the quality of column ‘Title’. Once you click on Title header or hover over the
column, you will be able to see the percentage of Valid, error, and empty values.

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 Figure 17: The Column 'Title' is Empty

Step 5: In the column header, you'll see an icon with an inverse triangle. When you select this icon, the
sort and filter menu is displayed. With this menu, you can apply or remove any filters to or from your
column. How many instances does the “Title” attribute have? How many blank instances does it have?
Use the arrow button ( ) next to the column title to filter by value and answer these questions.

Figure 18:Filter the values.

Step 6: To assess column distribution, on the View ribbon, from inside the Data Preview group,
check Column Distribution.

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 Figure 19:Apply Column Distribution

Answer the following questions:

1. Check the value distribution of the ‘BirthDate’ attribute. How many distinct values does
it have? How many unique values does it have?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Check the value distribution of the ‘MaritalStatus’ attribute. How many distinct values
does it have? How many unique values does it have?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Step 7: Check the column’s distribution for the ‘CustomerKey’ (first) column—there are 1000
distinct values, and 1000 unique values. When the distinct and unique counts are the same, it
means the column contains only unique values.

Figure 20: Review the column distribution.

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Step 8: To view column values as seen in Figure 21, on the View ribbon, from inside the Data
Preview group, check Column Profile. This helps review the column statistics and value
distribution as seen below.

Figure 21: Apply Column Profile.

Answer the following questions:

1. Check the column profile of the ‘Title’ attribute. How many instances are there for each
value?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Check the column profile of the ‘MaritalStatus’ attribute. How many instances are there
for each value?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Step 9: Rename the query to CustomerData_yourName. Right click on the name of the query.
Choose to rename.

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 Figure 22: Rename the query.

Step 10: To select a specific column, on the home ribbon, select the Choose Columns down-
arrow in the Manage Columns group. In the Choose Columns window, check the required
columns.

Figure 23: Keep specific column.

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Step 11: To remove a specific column, in the Home ribbon, in the Manage Columns group,
select Remove Columns.

Figure 24: Remove specific columns.

Step 12: to delete the data source, on the left, under queries as seen in Figure 25, right click the
data set you want to remove, and select delete.

Figure 25: Remove the data source file from Power BI Desktop

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Part C: Univariate Analytics

Task 1: Analyze and visualize one qualitative-nominal attribute – Univariate analysis

using Pie Chart

Step 1: Import the students_details.CSV file as seen in Figure 26.

Figure 26: Import the students_details.CSV

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Step 2: To view the loaded data, click on Data in left panel as seen in Figure 27.

Figure 27: view the loaded data.

Step 3: Using the Fields pane on the right of the screen, complete the following steps:
1. Go to Students_Details located in the Fields section and click the down arrow to expand
the list as seen in Figure 28.

Figure 28: Go to Students_Details.csv located in the Fields.

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 2. Click and drag the Gender to the grey “place holder” graph on the Report Canvas. You
will notice that gender now in a form of table. To change it to a pie chart, click on the pie
chart icon in the Visualizations panel as illustrated in Figure 29.

Figure 29: Create a Pie Chart for gender attribute.

3. Then once you select Pie chart, drag the gender attribute into the Values field located on
Visualization pane as shown below in Figure 30.

Figure 30: Drag the gender attribute into the Values field.

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 4. To change and modify the Legend/title of chart, follow the steps below in Figure 31.

Figure 31: Modify the Legend/title of chart.

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the percentage of females and the percentage of males in the students file?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Does the section have a majority of male or females?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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 Task 2: Analyze and visualize one qualitative-nominal attribute – Univariate analysis
using Stacked Column Chart

Step 1: Go to the Report Design view ( ). Select the Stacked Column Chart visual from the
Visualization pane. This will add a grey “place holder” graphic to the Report Canvas.

Figure 32: Create the Stacked Column Chart.

Step 2: Using the Fields pane on the right of the screen, complete the following step:
1. Go to Students_Details located in the Fields section and click the down arrow to expand the list.
Click and drag the Nationality to the X-axis and Y-axis as seen below.

Figure 33: Drag the Nationality to the X-axis and Y-axis as seen below.

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Answer the following questions:
1. What are the two most represented nationalities among the students?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. How many students come from Tunis?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Task 3: Analyze and visualize one qualitative-nominal attribute – Univariate analysis

using Stacked Bar Chart

Step 1: Go to the Report Design view ( ). Select the Stacked bar Chart visual from the
Visualization pane. This will add a grey “place holder” graphic to the Report Canvas as seen
below in Figure 34.

Figure 34: Create the Stacked bar Chart to represent the Subject.

Step 2: Using the Fields pane on the right of the screen, complete the following step:

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 1. Go to Students_Details.csv located in the Fields section and click the down arrow to
expand the list.
2. Click and drag the Subject attribute to the X-axis and Y-axis as seen below.

Figure 35: Drag the Subject attribute to the X-axis and Y-axis as seen below.

Answer the following questions:

1. How many students are studying French?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Which subject has the least number of enrolled students?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Task 4: Analyze and visualize one quantitative attribute – Univariate analysis using cards
for Students’ Grade attribute.
Let’s get the Min/Max/Avg/Median/ Standard deviation and Variance for Students’ Grade attribute.

Step 1: Go to the Report Design view ( ). Select the table visual from the Visualization pane.
This will add a grey “place holder” graphic to the Report Canvas as seen below.

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 Figure 36: Select the table visual from the Visualization pane.

Step 2: Using the Fields pane on the right of the screen, complete the following step:
1. Go to Students_Details.csv located in the Fields section and click the down arrow to
expand the list. Click and drag the FinalGrade attribute to Columns Field.
As you can see in the Figure 37 below, Power BI automatically adds a sigma symbol ( )
to the front of your column if it detects it’s a data type of integer or decimal.

Figure 37: Click and drag the FinalGrade attribute to Columns Field.

2. By default, numeric columns are 'summarized with Sum'. However, we are not interested
in the Sum values as we are only interested with the distinct values. To change the default

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 summarization, click the down arrow to expand the list and check “Don’t summarize”.

Figure 38: Apply “Don’t summarize" for finalGrade

3. To get the Average of students’ final grade follow the below steps:

1. Go to the Report Design view ( ). Select the Card visual from the Visualization
pane. This will add a grey “place holder” graphic to the Report Canvas
2. Drag and drop the FinalGrade attribute to the Fields section.
3. Click the down arrow to expand the list.

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4. Navigate through the list and check “Average” option.

Figure 39: Get the average of students’ final grade

4. To get the Minimum of students’ final grade follow the below steps:

1. Go to the Report Design view ( ). Select the Card visual from the Visualization
pane. This will add a grey “place holder” graphic to the Report Canvas
2. Drag and drop the FinalGrade attribute to the Fields section.
3. Click the down arrow to expand the list.

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4. Navigate through the list and check “Minimum” option.

Figure 40: Get the Minimum of students’ final grade

5. To get the Maximum of students’ final grade follow the below steps:

1. Go to the Report Design view ( ). Select the Card visual from the Visualization
pane. This will add a grey “place holder” graphic to the Report Canvas
2. Drag and drop the FinalGrade attribute to the Fields section.
3. Click the down arrow to expand the list.

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4. Navigate through the list and check “Maximum” option.

Figure 41: Get the Maximum of students’ final grade

5. Apply the same steps to get the values of Median, Standard deviation, and
Variance values as seen below.

Figure 42: Get Median, Standard deviation, and Variance values.

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Answer the following questions:
1. How do you describe the overall performance of the students in this dataset?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain the difference between the median and the average score?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Part C: Bivariant Analysis

Task 1: Analyze and visualize two attributes – Bivariate analysis using Stacked Bar Chart
and Line Chart

Step 1: Download the Financial sample Excel workbook and open Power BI Desktop.
Step 2: In the Data section of the Home ribbon, select Excel workbook.

Figure 43: Import the Financial Excel workbook.

Step 3: Navigate to where you saved the sample workbook and select Open.

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 Figure 44: Select and open the Financial Excel workbook.

Step 4: In Navigator, you have the option to transform or load the data. Select
the Financials table and choose Transform Data as seen below in Figure 45.

Figure 45: Select the Financials table and choose Transform Data.

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Step 5: Select the Units Sold column. On the Transform tab, select Data Type, then
select Whole Number. Choose Replace current to change the column type.

Tips and Hints: The top data cleaning step users do most often is changing data types. In this
case, the units sold are in decimal form. It doesn’t make sense to have 0.2 or 0.5 of a unit sold,
does it? So, let’s change that to whole number.

Figure 46: Change the column type of Units Sold.

Step 6: Let's shorten the column name from Month Name to just Month. Double-click
the Month Name column and rename to just Month as seen in Figure 47 below.

Figure 47: Change the column name.

Step 7: In the Product column, select the dropdown and clear the box next to Montana.

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Tips and Hints: We know the Montana product was discontinued last month, so we want to
filter this data from our report to avoid confusion.

Figure 48: Filter the dataset and uncheck the Montana.

Step 8: You see that each transformation has been added to the list under Query
Settings in Applied Steps.

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 Figure 49: The list of applied transformation.

Step 9: Back on the Home tab, select Close & Apply. Our data is almost ready for building a
dashboard.

Figure 50: Save all the applied transformation.

Step 10: Now select the Report view on the left.

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Tips and Hints: You see the Sigma Symbol in the Fields list? Power BI has detected that
those fields are numeric. Power BI also indicates the date field with a calendar symbol.

Figure 51: Sigma Symbol in the Fields list.

Step 11: On the Insert ribbon, select Text Box. Type “Executive Summary – Finance Report”.
Select the text you typed. Set the Font Size to 40 and Bold. Make sure to Resize the box to fit on
one line.

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 Figure 52: Select Text Box. Type “Executive Summary – Finance Report”.

Step 12: Now, you need to create a line chart to see which month and year had the highest profit.

1. From the Fields pane, drag the Profit field to a blank area on the report canvas. By
default, Power BI displays a column chart with one column, Profit.
2. Drag the Date field to the same visual.
3. As you can see in Figure 53 below, Power BI updates the column chart to show
profit by the two years.

Figure 53: Create a line chart to see which month and year had the highest profit.

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Step 13: In the Fields section of the Visualizations pane, select the drop-down in the X-
axis value as shown in Figure 54. Change Date from Date Hierarchy to Date.

Figure 54: Change Date from Date Hierarchy to Date.

As you can see in the Figure 55, Power BI updates the column chart to show profit for each
month.

Figure 55: Display the column chart that show the highest profits per month.

Step 14: In the Visualizations pane, change the visualization type to Line chart. Now you
can easily see that December 2014 had the most profit.

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 Figure 56: Change the visualization type to Line chart.

Task 2: Bivariate Analysis Part I

Let’s Create a map to see which country/region has the highest profits.

Step 1: From the Fields pane, drag the Country field to a blank area on your report canvas to
create a map.

Figure 57: Drag the Country field to a blank area

Step 2: Drag the Profit field to the map. Power BI creates a map visual with bubbles
representing the relative profit of each location. As it can be seen in Figure 58 below, Europe
seems to be performing better than North America.

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 Figure 58: Drag the Profit field into the map.

Answer the following questions:

1. Which month has the highest profit?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Which country has the lowest profit?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Task 3: Bivariate Analysis Part II

Let’s create a Pie chart to determine which products to invest in.

Step 1: Drag the two charts you've created to be side by side in the top half of the canvas. Save
some room on the left side of the canvas as seen below.

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 Figure 59: Adjust the size of your Canva.

Step 2: Go to the Report Design view ( ). Select the Pie Chart visual from the Visualization
pane. This will add a grey “place holder” graphic to the Report Canvas. Make sure to Drag the
chart so it's wide enough to fill the space under the two upper charts.

Figure 60: Select the Pie Chart visual from the Visualization pane.

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Step 3: In the Fields pane, select the Sales, and Product fields.

Figure 61: Select the Sales, and Product fields.

As you see from the graph below, the company should continue to invest in the Paseo product as
it has the highest profit by 4.8 million.

Figure 62: Pie chart to determine which products to invest in

Answer the following questions:

1. Which product has the lowest profit?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. If the company needs to improve its marking strategy, which product needs more focus?

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 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Task 4: Bivariate Analysis Part III

Let’s Find the Avg / Min / Max / Median values of profit per segment.

Step 1: Go to the Report Design view ( ). Select the Area Chart visual from the
Visualization pane. This will add a grey “place holder” graphic to the Report Canvas

Figure 63: Select the Area Chart visual from the Visualization pane.

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Step 2: In the Fields pane, select the Profits, and Segment fields.

Figure 64: Select the Profits, and Segment fields.

Step 3: In the visualization panel , click on the icon ( ) to add further analyses to your
visual. Now, you will see a list of lines such as Min Line, Max Line, Avg Line and Median Line.

Figure 65: Add further analyses to your visual.

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Step 4: To display the average profits for each segment, click on Avg line. Make sure the data
label is enabled so you can see the average profit value as seen below.

Figure 66: Display the average profits for each segment, click on Avg line.

Step 5: To display the Maximum profits for each segment, click on Max line. Make sure the data
label is enabled so you can see the Max profit value as seen below.

Figure 67: Display the Maximum profits for each segment, click on Max line.

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Step 6: To display the Minimum profits for each segment, click on Min line. Make sure the data
label is enabled so you can see the Min profit value as seen below.

Figure 68: Display the Minimum profits for each segment, click on Min line.

Step 7: To display the Median profits for each segment, click on the Median line. Make sure the
data label is enabled so you can see the Median profit value as seen below.

Figure 69: Display the Median profits for each segment, click on the Median line.

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 The Final Bivariant analysis report would resemble the Figure 70 below.

Figure 70: The Final Bivariant analysis report

Answer the following questions:

1. Write three recommendations for the company based on the produced analytics.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

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