POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Integrating Modern Tropical Architecture in the Design of a Sustainable

Agricultural Innovation Hubs

A Research

Presented to the Faculty of the Architecture Department

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Lopez, Quezon Branch

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

By

Nocus, Elaiza Joyce A.

Inumerable, Teresa Jobelle C.

 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction ....................................................................................... 1

Theoretical Framework...................................................................... 5

Conceptual Framework ..................................................................... 9

Statement of the Problem .................................................................. 11

Scope and Delimitation of the Study.................................................. 12

Significance of the Study ................................................................... 17
Definition of Terms ............................................................................ 19

Chapter 2 Review of Relate Literature and Studies

Related Literatures ............................................................................ 21

Related Studies ................................................................................. 30

Synthesis of Reviewed Literature and Studies .................................. 38

Chapter 3 Research Design, Methods and Methodology

Research Design............................................................................... 42

Population and Sampling (Sources of Data) ...................................... 44

Respondents of the Study ................................................................. 45

Research Instruments ....................................................................... 46

Data Gathering Procedures ............................................................... 46

Statistical Treatment .......................................................................... 50

References ................................................................................................... 52
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This chapter consists of the research introduction and background,

theoretical framework, the research paradigm, the statement of the problem, the

importance of the study, the scope and the limitation of the research, and the

definition of terms.

Introduction

Agriculture has always been the backbone of the Philippine economy,

providing livelihood and sustenance to millions of Filipinos. However, the traditional

methods and infrastructure supporting this sector have faced significant

challenges due to modernization, climate change, and socio-economic shifts. The

need for innovative solutions that marry sustainability with modern technology has

never been more urgent. This research, titled "Integrating Modern Tropical

Architecture in the Design of a Sustainable Agricultural Innovation Hub in Gumaca,

Quezon," seeks to address these challenges by proposing a holistic architectural

solution that aligns with the environmental, economic, and social needs of the

region.

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Gumaca, Quezon, is strategically located in a region surrounded by

agriculturally rich municipalities such as Atimonan, Plaridel, Lopez, Calauag,

Pitogo, and Macalelon. Despite its central position, Gumaca lacks an agricultural

innovation hub that can serve as a catalyst for modern agricultural practices. By

establishing such a hub, Gumaca can become a focal point for agricultural

development, benefiting not only the local community but also the entire 4th district

of Quezon, which demands improved agricultural output to support its population.

The proposed agricultural innovation hub will serve multiple functions: it will

be a center for a training ground for farmers, a marketplace for local produce, and

a community gathering space. This multifunctionality aligns with the concept of

sustainable development, which seeks to meet present needs without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Brundtland

Commission, 1987). By providing a venue for the dissemination of modern farming

techniques and sustainable practices, the hub will contribute to the long-term

viability of agriculture in the region.

Modern tropical architecture, characterized by its emphasis on natural

ventilation, passive cooling, and harmonious integration with the environment,

offers a sustainable alternative to conventional building methods. According to Lim

(2010), "tropical architecture leverages the natural climate to reduce dependency

on artificial cooling and lighting systems, thereby reducing energy consumption

and promoting environmental sustainability." This approach is particularly relevant

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in a tropical country like the Philippines, where high temperatures and humidity are

prevalent.

The concept of sustainability in architecture goes beyond environmental

considerations; it encompasses social and economic dimensions as well. A

sustainable agricultural innovation hub must not only minimize its ecological

footprint but also support the local community and economy. As Hall (2011) notes,

"sustainable design is inherently inclusive, promoting social equity and economic

viability alongside environmental stewardship." This research will explore how

modern tropical architecture can be employed to create a hub that is

environmentally responsible, economically beneficial, and socially inclusive.

The integration of modern tropical architecture in the design of the hub will

also address the unique climatic challenges of the region. By utilizing materials

and construction techniques that are suitable for tropical environments, the

building will be able to withstand extreme weather conditions and reduce

maintenance costs. For instance, the use of locally sourced, sustainable materials

will not only lower the carbon footprint of the construction but also support the local

economy.

The hub's location in Gumaca is particularly advantageous due to the

town's accessibility and connectivity to surrounding municipalities. This central

position makes it an ideal site for an innovation hub that can serve the broader

agricultural community. By drawing on the agricultural strengths of neighboring

towns, the hub can facilitate collaboration and knowledge-sharing, fostering a

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regional approach to agricultural innovation. "The whole is greater than the sum of

its parts" (Aristotle). This holistic approach ensures that the benefits of the hub

extend beyond Gumaca, impacting the entire district.

Furthermore, the design of the agricultural innovation hub will prioritize the

needs and input of local farmers. Engaging the community in the planning and

implementation process ensures that the hub addresses their specific challenges

and leverages their unique insights. "Design is not just what it looks like and feels

like. Design is how it works" (Jobs, 2003). By focusing on functionality and user-

centered design, the hub can effectively support the agricultural community. The

development of a sustainable agricultural innovation hub in Gumaca, Quezon,

presents a significant opportunity to enhance the agricultural sector in the region.

By integrating modern tropical architecture into its design, the hub will be both

functional and sustainable, addressing the specific needs of local farmers while

promoting environmental stewardship. This project aims to create a space that not

only improves agricultural productivity but also fosters a sense of community and

collaboration, ultimately contributing to the long-term sustainability of agriculture in

Gumaca and the surrounding municipalities.

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Theoretical Framework

Sustainable
Architecture
Theory

Tropical Community-
Architecture based design
Design Theory Theory

A Proposed
Sustainable
Agricultural
Innovation Hub in
Gumaca, Quezon

Figure 1: Theoretical Framework

Sustainable Architecture Theory of Edwards (2005) emphasizes the

importance of sustainable architecture in his work, advocating for designs that

minimize environmental impact while promoting the well-being of occupants and

communities. This approach integrates key principles such as energy efficiency,

the use of renewable resources, and the consideration of life cycle environmental

impacts of construction materials and technologies. Applying Edwards’ principles

to the design of a Sustainable Agricultural Innovation Hub in Gumaca, Quezon

involves several strategies.

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• Energy Efficiency. Incorporating passive design strategies such as

orientation, shading, and natural ventilation to reduce energy consumption

for cooling and lighting.

• Renewable Resources. Utilizing local and renewable materials that have

minimal environmental impact and promote local economies.

• Lifecycle Analysis. Conducting assessments to ensure that materials used

throughout construction and operation align with sustainability goals,

including considerations of embodied energy and recyclability.

According to Hyde (2008), Tropical Architecture Design Theory is a specialized

approach to creating buildings that are well-suited to the climatic conditions of

tropical regions. This design theory addresses unique challenges such as high

temperatures, humidity, and intense solar radiation by emphasizing passive design

strategies that leverage natural elements to enhance thermal comfort, reduce

energy consumption, and promote sustainability. Key Principles and Strategies:

• Natural Ventilation. Tropical buildings are designed to maximize natural

airflow and ventilation. This includes strategic placement of windows,

louvers, and vents to facilitate cross-ventilation and airflow throughout the

building. By harnessing prevailing breezes and utilizing stack effect

principles, natural ventilation reduces reliance on mechanical cooling

systems.

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• Shading Devices. Effective shading is critical in tropical architecture to

minimize solar heat gain and glare. Techniques such as overhangs,

pergolas, and brise-soleil (sun-shading devices) are employed to protect

windows and building facades from direct sunlight while allowing diffused

light to enter the interior spaces.

• Building Orientation. Proper orientation of buildings plays a crucial role in

tropical design. Orienting the longer sides of buildings along the east-west

axis helps to minimize exposure to the harsh midday sun, thereby reducing

solar heat gain and enhancing thermal comfort inside the building.

• Use of Local Materials. Sustainable tropical architecture prioritizes the use

of locally sourced materials that are readily available and suited to the

climate. Materials such as bamboo, timber, thatch, and clay are chosen for

their thermal properties, durability, and aesthetic appeal. Local materials

also support the local economy and reduce the environmental impact

associated with transportation.

In the context of designing a Sustainable Agricultural Innovation Hub in Gumaca,

Quezon, these principles can be applied to ensure the hub is comfortable, energy-

efficient, and culturally appropriate. Integrating vernacular elements and traditional

building techniques suited to the tropical climate of Quezon Province, the design

will mitigate challenges posed by high humidity and intense sunlight, ensuring well-

ventilated indoor spaces without heavy reliance on mechanical cooling. By

emphasizing sustainable practices such as rainwater harvesting, solar energy

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utilization, and passive design strategies, the hub will minimize its environmental

footprint and enhance resilience to climate change, harmonizing modern

architectural aesthetics with the ecological and climatic context of the region.

Community-based design, as described by Sanoff (2000), is a participatory

approach in architecture and urban planning that actively involves the local

community in the design and decision-making processes. Community-based

design is a participatory approach in architecture and urban planning that involves

the local community in the design and decision-making processes. The core idea

is that the people who live and work in a space are the best experts on what they

need and want from that space. This theory posits that when communities are

actively involved in the planning and design process, the resulting structures and

spaces are more likely to be functional, sustainable, and culturally relevant. Key

Principles:

• Inclusivity. Engage a diverse cross-section of the community, ensuring that

all voices, including marginalized groups, are heard and considered.

• Empowerment. Give community members a sense of ownership and

control over the design process, which can lead to greater investment in

and care for the completed project.

• Collaboration. Facilitate ongoing collaboration between architects,

planners, and community members throughout the design process.

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• Local Knowledge. Utilize the unique knowledge and insights of community

members about their environment, needs, and preferences.

• Sustainability. Design solutions that are not only environmentally

sustainable but also socially and economically viable for the community.

In the context of designing a Sustainable Agricultural Innovation Hub in

Gumaca, Quezon, this approach would involve conducting workshops, forming

advisory boards, and holding participatory design sessions to gather input and

feedback from local residents. This ensures the design is relevant, sustainable,

and resilient, fostering social cohesion and a sense of collective achievement.

Ultimately, incorporating community-based design principles will result in an

Agricultural Innovation Hub that is not only architecturally and technologically

advanced but also deeply integrated with the cultural and social fabric of Gumaca,

enhancing its long-term success and sustainability.

Conceptual Framework

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The researcher will utilize a step-by-step process to develop the project

proposal. The research study's practical structure will produce a foundation of

information and concepts for the design process.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Identify the 1. Data Gathering A Proposed
demographic profile Sustainable
of the respondents 2. Conducting on- Agricultural
in terms of age and site assessment Innovation Hub in
sex and occupation and surveys. Gumaca, Quezon
2. Determine the 3. Data analysis
architectural
4. Planning and
features and
design.
sustainable
practices are best
suited for Gumaca’s
tropical climate.

3. Determine the
needs and
perspectives of
farmers, local
government, and
other stakeholder.

4. Assessment of
the potential
environmental
impacts of the
proposed design.

5. Integration of
local cultural
elements and
traditions in the
design.

FEEDBACK

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Figure 2: Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

The municipality of Gumaca in Quezon Province lacks an agricultural

innovation hub, which hinders the development and modernization of agricultural

practices in the region. Despite its strategic location surrounded by agriculturally

rich areas such as Atimonan, Plaridel, Lopez, Calauag, Pitogo, and Macalelon,

Gumaca has not yet established a facility that integrates modern tropical

architecture to support sustainable agricultural advancements. The following

questions guiding this research are:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Occupation

2. What architectural features and sustainable practices are best suited

for Gumaca's tropical climate and agricultural needs?

3. How can the proposed hub improve agricultural productivity and

sustainability for the local community? In terms of:

a. Education and Training

b. Economic growth

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c. Resources

4. How can the hub be designed to encourage community engagement

and knowledge sharing among local farmers? in terms of:

a. Opportunities

b. Inclusivity

c. Social and Cultural

By addressing these questions, the study aims to provide valuable insights for

architects, designers, for sustainable development in the agricultural sector for

sustainable development in the agricultural sector, and promotes the use of

traditional building techniques and local materials, which supports the local

economy and preserves cultural heritage.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

To ensure the study's authenticity, the researchers have recognized the project's

scope and constraints. The study's scope encompasses the creation of an

Agricultural Innovation Hub as an architectural response to the issue, along with

research and data collection. By employing architecture and design, the project

seeks to o create a sustainable, resilient, and productive facility that addresses the

unique challenges of tropical agriculture. By integrating modern tropical

architecture, the hub will not only enhance agricultural productivity and promote

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environmental sustainability but also support community engagement and build

resilience to climate change. This initiative represents a significant step towards

sustainable development in Gumaca, providing a model that can be replicated in

other tropical agricultural regions through a rehabilitation architecture.

The Agriculture Innovation Hub will occur in possible site of Gumaca, Quezon. With

considerations of various functional spaces essential for fostering community

engagement, promoting sustainable practices, and advancing agricultural

productivity. It will prioritize functionality, sustainability, and community

engagement to effectively support local farmers and stakeholders. By

incorporating these essential space requirements and design principles, the hub

becomes a catalyst for agricultural innovation, knowledge dissemination, and

economic empowerment, driving sustainable development and resilience within

the local farming community.

The study will use a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and site analysis,

to gather data and information necessary to develop the proposed recreational

center. The data will be gathered through survey questionnaires that the

researchers personally disseminated to the respondents, composed of 100

residents who were randomly selected through purposive sampling.

The central emphasis of the study lies in crafting a facility that will help its

agricultural aspect of a municipality by incorporating architectural design suitable

for its sustainability, function, and role in the community. The project aims to

explore the characteristics of spaces that facilitate innovation. However, it should

be noted that the program limits its scope to offering insights into sustainability,

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Architectural design, and Community-based theories specifically tailored to the

intended users.

Moreover, the project's scope encompasses essential learning elements within the

Architectural services field, crucial for shaping the project's design process. These

elements include:

1. Educational and Training Facilities:

Dedicated training rooms equipped with advanced audiovisual tools

for workshops and seminars on soil health, pest management, and

technological adoption. Additionally, classrooms facilitate formal

education programs in agricultural sciences and agribusiness

management.

2. Demonstration Areas:

Outdoor demonstration farms and plots showcasing diverse techniques

such as organic farming, agroforestry, and integrated pest management.

Livestock areas demonstrate effective management practices,

supporting diversified farming approaches.

3. Community Engagement Spaces:

A versatile community center hosts farmers' markets, agricultural heritage.

Interactive exhibits feature local agricultural history and sustainable

farming practices, inspiring adoption of innovative techniques. Farmers'

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lounges provide informal spaces for networking and peer-to-peer learning

among farmers.

4. Research and Innovation Centers:

Research facilities equipped for advanced agricultural research,

experimentation with new technologies, and development of innovative

farming solutions. An innovation hub fosters collaboration among

researchers, entrepreneurs, and farmers to pilot and scale transformative

agricultural technologies and business models.

5. Practical Facilities:

Workshops equipped for maintenance and repair of agricultural tools,

greenhouses for year-round cultivation of specialty crops, and processing

facilities for post-harvest handling and value addition of agricultural

products.

6. Supporting Infrastructure:

Reliable water supply systems, sanitation facilities, and energy-efficient

solutions including renewable energy sources such as solar panels and

wind turbines. Adequate parking facilities and accessible infrastructure

ensure inclusivity for all community members.

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7. Technology Integration:

High-speed internet connectivity, computer labs, and digital educational

resources. Smart farming technologies integrate sensors, automation

systems, and data analytic platforms for precision farming and resource

management.

8. Sustainability Features:

Incorporation of passive design principles, energy-efficient lighting, and

renewable energy technologies to minimize carbon footprint and

operational costs. Innovative water conservation techniques such

as rainwater harvesting, efficient irrigation systems, and wastewater

recycling sustainably manage water resources.

The scope aim is to establish a favorable living e the scope of research for an

Agriculture Innovation Hub encompasses a multidimensional approach to

addressing agricultural challenges, fostering innovation, and empowering local

communities. By conducting contextual analysis, identifying educational needs,

focusing on innovation, engaging stakeholders, planning infrastructure, and

implementing robust monitoring frameworks, the hub can serve as a transformative

platform for sustainable agricultural development and resilience-building in the

region environment for individuals both within the region and globally.

Delimitation of the Research

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This study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the

findings. Firstly, it is important to note that the research sample is drawn exclusively

from residents in Quezon Province, especially in the town of Gumaca. Therefore,

the conclusions and insights generated from this study may not universally apply

to other communities or populations. Additionally, the study hinges on self-reported

data from survey respondents, which could be susceptible to response bias and

social desirability.

Significance of the Study

The proposed study entitled "Integrating Modern Tropical Architecture in

the Design of a Sustainable Agricultural Innovation Hubs” shall contribute to the

following:

• Local Farmers and Agricultural Workers. By providing a modern and

sustainable agricultural innovation hub, local farmers and agricultural

workers will gain access to state-of-the-art facilities and resources. This will

enhance their productivity, promote sustainable farming practices, and

improve their overall livelihood.

• Community of Gumaca, Quezon. The establishment of an agricultural

innovation hub will stimulate local economic growth by attracting

investments and creating job opportunities. It will also serve as an

educational center, fostering a greater understanding of sustainable

agricultural practices among community members.

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• Students. This study may serve as a guide and reference for aspiring

students in the field of architecture undertaking similar studies The study

can motivate students to pursue further research on biomimetic design,

sustainability, and climate resilience, contributing to academic and

professional discourse in these fields.

• PUP Lopez Branch. The result of this study will give them results that can

help the branch strengthen the knowledge of the students about the topic

research and project. It can enhance the institution's academic profile,

provide educational opportunities, attract research funding, and contribute

to its reputation as a leader in environmentally responsible education and

research.

• Architectural and Engineering Professionals. This study will serve as a

reference for architects and engineers interested in integrating modern

tropical architecture with sustainable agricultural facilities. It will provide

insights into design strategies that harmonize with tropical climates,

promoting energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.

• Researchers. The outputs of this study will serve as a valuable resource

for fellow researchers, offering a foundation for further exploration of similar

projects. It will pinpoint crucial design factors to consider when

conceptualizing such endeavors. providing them with the resources,

collaborative environment, and support needed to advance agricultural

science. By bridging the gap between research and practice, these hubs

ensure that scientific innovations lead to tangible improvements in farming

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practices. Ultimately, agriculture innovation hubs empower researchers to

tackle some of the most pressing challenges of our time, contributing to a

more sustainable and food-secure world.

• Future Researchers. The result of this research will be a useful reference

for aspiring researchers. This could be useful as a related study associated

with future researchers. Such a study can provide valuable insights and

data that can inform the design and planning of seaport terminals, serving

as a model for sustainable and climate-resilient infrastructure development.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Agricultural Innovation Hub. A facility or center designed to foster agricultural

innovation, including research, development, and dissemination of new

technologies and practices.

Architectural Innovation. Novel approaches or technologies applied in

architectural design to address contemporary challenges and enhance

sustainability.

Carbon Footprint. The total amount of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon

dioxide, emitted directly or indirectly by human activities.

Climate-responsive Architecture. Architectural design that adapts to and

mitigates the effects of climate change, enhancing occupant comfort and reducing

environmental impact.

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Energy Efficiency. The ratio of useful energy output to energy input in a system,

emphasizing the reduction of energy consumption without sacrificing performance.

Food Security. The availability, accessibility, and utilization of safe and nutritious

food to ensure a healthy and active life for all individuals.

Modern Tropical Architecture. Refers to architectural design principles that

integrate contemporary aesthetics, materials, and technologies with sustainable

strategies suitable for tropical climates.

Sustainable Architecture. Architectural practices that aim to minimize

environmental impact while maximizing resource efficiency and occupant comfort.

Smart Building. A structure that uses integrated technologies to monitor and

control building systems efficiently, optimizing energy use and enhancing occupant

comfort.

Tropical Climate. A climate characterized by high temperatures, humidity, and

distinct wet and dry seasons, influencing architectural design choices.

Urban Agriculture. The practice of growing, processing, and distributing food

within urban environments, often using innovative techniques and spaces.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATE LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter highlights the related research and literature pertinent to the

current study’s premise. In order to complete the research, this study also analyze

several online resources that offer background information and data that are

necessary.

Related Literature

A Lesson of Sustainability Given by The Tropical Modernism in Kinshasa:

The BCB Headquarters by Maurice Houyoux

The paper delves into the challenges faced by architect Maurice Houyoux

during the design and construction of the Bank of Belgian Congo in Kinshasa,

focusing on addressing the tropical climate conditions. Due to the lack of available

data for designing in the region, Maurice Houyoux had to rely on creativity and

innovative solutions to overcome environmental challenges. The study adopts a

historical approach by reviewing relevant literature on the building and designs

from the period of the bank's development, supplemented by observational

methods to verify information. Despite the limited published data for designing in

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the tropical region, Maurice Houyoux engaged with existing buildings and users to

gather relevant information, showcasing his adaptability and problem-solving skills

(Olatunde, 2021).

Maurice Houyoux successfully addressed the challenges of the tropical

climate during the design of the Bank of Belgian Congo by implementing innovative

solutions like north-south orientation of elevations, canopies, claustra, brise-soleil,

and perforated walls. The use of perforated walls with an interior space for thermal

insulation and active ventilation helped in preventing heat transmission into the

building, ensuring user comfort and energy efficiency. Strategic placement of

canopies and claustra effectively reduced direct sunlight exposure on glazed

surfaces, contributing to the building's functionality and sustainability. The

architect's reliance on local building materials and traditional builders showcased

the feasibility of creating contemporary structures that harmonize with the tropical

environment, promoting sustainable architecture practices. Emphasis on natural

ventilation, natural lighting, and climate-responsive design elements underscored

the importance of integrating environmental considerations into architectural

projects in tropical regions, highlighting the significance of adapting designs to

local contexts (Olatunde, 2021).

Options for design and management of greenhouse production systems in

the tropics

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According to Elings and Hemming (2017), Greenhouse production systems

in tropical regions need to be environmentally and economically sustainable,

focusing on high efficiencies in nutrient, water, and energy use. These systems

have shown to increase production levels, improve product quality, reduce pest

and disease pressure, and enable biological crop protection. Key design criteria

for tropical greenhouses include sufficient ventilation for optimal crop growth, good

light transmission, protection against the sun, insulation against pests, windproof

structure, and access to clean water. Choices need to be made regarding

cultivation medium, crop variety, level of automation, and construction materials to

ensure successful greenhouse horticulture. Challenges in greenhouse horticulture

include high financial risks, critical climate management, pest and disease control,

power outage risks, and different crop management compared to outdoor crops.

Solutions involve modernizing company management, staff training, integration

with the value chain, and maintaining high standards of greenhouse upkeep. A

successful example of a greenhouse design suitable for the tropics was developed

by Wageningen UR, initially for Indonesia, then improved and commercialized in

Malaysia, and now adapted in other countries like Thailand.

Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 (Accessibility Law)

Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 (BP 344), also known as the Accessibility Law,

is a Philippine law that aims to promote the rights of disabled persons to participate

fully in the social life and development of society. It requires certain buildings,

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institutions, establishments, and public utilities to install facilities and devices that

will make them accessible to persons with disabilities.

Accessibility for public and private buildings: No building, institution,

establishment, or public utility shall be granted or issued a license or permit for

construction, repair, or renovation unless it has the following accessibility features:

• Sidewalks and ramps: These should be properly designed and

constructed to allow easy access for wheelchair users and other persons

with mobility impairments.

• Railings: These should be installed at strategic points, such as ramps,

stairs, and balconies, to provide support and prevent falls.

• Accessible restrooms: These restrooms should be equipped with grab

bars, lowered sinks, and other features that make them usable by persons

with disabilities.

• Parking spaces: A designated number of parking spaces should be

reserved for persons with disabilities and located close to building

entrances.

• Elevators and lifts: These should be accessible to persons with

disabilities and equipped with audible signals and Braille buttons.

• Signage and information: Signs and information should be provided in

accessible formats, such as Braille and large print, to ensure that persons

with disabilities can easily navigate and understand information.

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• Accessibility for transportation: Public vehicles and terminals should be

accessible to persons with disabilities. This includes features such as

ramps, lifts, and designated seating areas.

• Accessibility for communication: Public information and

announcements should be made in accessible formats, such as sign

language and audio recordings.

• Non-discrimination: No person with a disability shall be discriminated

against in the enjoyment of any right or privilege, including access to public

and private facilities.

Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)

BP 344 is implemented through the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)

issued by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). The IRR

provides more specific details on the accessibility features that must be

incorporated into different types of buildings and facilities.

The Modern Green Technology Innovation of Bayu Traditional Wooden

Building

The research focuses on the innovation of Bayu traditional wooden

buildings to meet modern lifestyle demands and provide insights for designing

sustainable architecture. It analyzes natural attributes of Bayu wooden buildings

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for moisture-proofing, insect prevention, and fire protection, aiming to enhance

sustainability by reducing pollution and improving material quality. The joint design

of beam and column in Bayu traditional wooden buildings involves step joints with

mortise troughs and tenons connected by nails and dental plates. For earthquake

resistance, wooden buildings like those in Bayu have proven to be more resilient

due to their light weight, uniformity, and good performance nodes that can

withstand seismic impacts and cyclic fatigue. Bayu traditional wooden buildings

follow environmental integration principles by using local materials, being low

carbon, and energy-saving, providing innovative ideas for green building

development.

Building the Philippine Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem for

Poverty Reduction and Economic Transformation

The paper emphasizes the importance of creating an innovation and

entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Philippines to address poverty and economic

challenges. Integrating modern tropical architecture in sustainable agricultural

hubs aligns with the inclusive innovation strategy outlined in the paper. This

integration can contribute to the development of industry clusters and strengthen

domestic supply chains, which are key components of the inclusive innovation

approach. Modern tropical architecture can enhance the efficiency and

sustainability of agricultural hubs, making them more conducive to innovation and

productivity. This aligns with the goal of fostering innovation and competitiveness

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in industries with strong linkages to agriculture. By incorporating modern tropical

architecture in sustainable agricultural hubs, the Philippines can create a

conducive environment for collaboration between government, academia, and

industry, fostering a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship that is essential for

poverty reduction and economic transformation.

Modern Architecture in the Philippines and the Quest for Filipino Style

Tropical modern architecture in the Philippines is characterized by designs

that consider the tropical conditions of the country, especially the climate. Features

like sun-shades are common in tropical modern architecture to control solar

exposure, which can be beneficial for sustainable agricultural practices by

providing shade for crops. The design justification for elements like pitched roofs

in hot-humid tropical areas, to protect interiors from heavy rain and ash-fall, aligns

with the need for climate-appropriate structures in agricultural settings. The

integration of domestic touches in architectural design, influenced by the tropical

modern style, can create a harmonious environment for an agricultural innovation

hub that blends functionality with aesthetics. By incorporating the principles of

tropical modern architecture, such as solar control devices and climate-responsive

designs, an agricultural innovation hub in the Philippines can promote

sustainability and efficiency in agricultural practices.

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Tropical architecture: sustainable and humane building in Africa, Latin

America, and South-East Asia

The paper explores how modern architectural theories can be adapted to

tropical regions like the Philippines to create sustainable solutions that blend

modernity with vernacular styles for lasting structures. Contemporary architects

such as Rem Koolhaas, Oscar Niemeyer, and Renzo Piano are highlighted in the

study for their work in tropical areas like Africa, the Americas, and Asia, showcasing

how modern theories can be integrated with local architectural styles. By studying

the works of these architects, the paper demonstrates how modern architectural

concepts can be tailored to the specific needs of tropical climates, emphasizing

the importance of creating ecologically sound buildings that are well-suited to the

local environment.

Research and Design of Green Tropical Architecture

The research paper emphasizes the importance of integrating local climatic

principles into contemporary design to define local architecture. This integration

ensures that buildings are designed to respond effectively to the outdoor climate,

promoting sustainability and energy efficiency. Applying modern tropical

architecture in a sustainable agricultural innovation hub in the Philippines aligns

with the research's focus on green architecture. By incorporating local climatic

principles into the design of the hub, such as natural ventilation, shading strategies,

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and passive cooling techniques, the building can be more sustainable and

environmentally friendly. The use of modern tropical architecture in the Philippines

can help create a comfortable indoor environment while reducing the energy

consumption of the hub. This aligns with the principles of green architecture by

promoting energy efficiency and sustainability. By integrating modern tropical

architecture with sustainable agricultural practices in the Philippines, the

innovation hub can serve as a model for environmentally conscious design that

respects local climatic conditions and promotes green architecture.

Architectural Design Guidelines and Deed of Restrictions for the Taal View

Heights Farmlot Community in Talisay, Batangas

The paper discusses the development of the Taal View Heights Farmlot

Community in Talisay, Batangas, initiated by Ledesco in 2001, focusing on creating

a uniquely Filipino residential architecture from traditional to contemporary styles.

It highlights the importance of Architectural Design Guidelines and Deed of

Restrictions in regulating land use, density, and scale of development in farmlot

communities, aiming to maintain a consistent community character while allowing

some flexibility in building height for optimal views and visual corridors.

The research emphasizes the need for more stringent Controls,

Covenants, and Restrictions to be considered by both private developers and

government regulatory agencies for future applications, aiming to enhance the

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enforcement of architectural guidelines and restrictions in residential

developments. By structuring the architectural guidelines as suggestive rather than

regulatory and incorporating them into a Homeowner's Handbook, the paper

suggests a balanced approach to promoting Filipino architecture while allowing for

creativity and innovation in architectural design within the community.

Overall, the paper concludes by recommending further evolution and

development of regulations to ensure the preservation of positive physical, spatial,

and architectural elements that contribute to the identity and self-awareness of a

community setting, ultimately aiming to enhance land values and community

cohesion in farmlot subdivisions.

Related studies

Strengthening Agroecological Resilience Through Commons-Based Seed

Governance in The Philippines

The case study by Lea Kliem explores the challenges faced by the Filipino

agricultural sector, which is highly susceptible to climatic, economic, and social

risks. The study emphasizes the importance of agroecological resilience for small-

scale farmers, aiming to protect their livelihoods and enhance food security amidst

various disruptions, including climate change. By focusing on the Filipino farmer

network MASIPAG (Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura),

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the paper illustrates how commons-based seed production—where seeds and

varieties are collectively managed and owned—can significantly contribute to

building resilience capacities. This approach empowers farmers to control seed

production and breeding, fostering a diverse collection of traditional, open-

pollinated varieties that enhance local adaptation and agrobiodiversity.

The case study details the benefits of MASIPAG's commons-based

governance in strengthening agroecological resilience. By equipping farmers with

the tools to manage their seed production, they become active stewards of diverse

crop varieties, maintaining and developing them in situ. This process builds

buffering capacities against external shocks and supports local adaptation. The

network’s practices, such as utilizing regionally available natural resources and

fostering a high degree of self-organization and flexibility, reduce vulnerabilities to

external factors. The study highlights how broad participation, shared learning, and

experimental spaces within the network enhance farmers' adaptive capacities.

Overall, the commons-based approach not only bolsters agroecological resilience

but also promotes long-term food security and sovereignty for smallholder farmers

in the Philippines.

Organic Farmers in the Philippines: Practices and Challenges

This case study by Nelson (2019) examines the practices and challenges

of organic farmers in the Philippines, emphasizing the adoption of sustainable

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farming techniques. These techniques include the use of natural fertilizers, crop

rotation, and eco-friendly pest management, which collectively enhance soil health

and biodiversity while reducing dependence on chemical inputs. The study

underscores the environmental and economic benefits of organic agriculture,

highlighting how it contributes to long-term farm productivity and ecological

balance.

Despite these advantages, the study also identifies several challenges

faced by organic farmers, such as limited market access, higher labor

requirements, and insufficient support in terms of training and infrastructure. These

obstacles hinder the broader adoption of organic practices. The study advocates

for improved policies and programs to bolster organic farming, suggesting that

greater institutional support and market development are crucial for promoting

sustainable agriculture in the Philippines.

Assessing The Impacts of Agriculture and Its Trade on Philippine

Biodiversity

Ortiz and Torres (2020) explore the effects of agricultural practices on the

country's biodiversity, with a particular focus on banana and pineapple plantations.

The researchers found that these plantations significantly disrupt local

ecosystems, leading to a decline in biodiversity. The monoculture nature of these

crops, along with the extensive use of chemical inputs, has led to habitat loss, soil

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degradation, and water pollution, which collectively harm various species of flora

and fauna.

The study emphasizes the critical need for integrating biodiversity

conservation into agricultural development policies and practices. By adopting

sustainable agricultural methods, such as agroforestry, organic farming, and

conservation agriculture, it is possible to mitigate the adverse effects on

biodiversity. The authors advocate for stronger environmental regulations and the

promotion of farming techniques that balance productivity with ecological health,

ensuring that agricultural growth does not come at the expense of the Philippines'

rich biodiversity.

Digitalizing Agriculture for Next-Gen Farmers

The Digital Farmers Program, launched by the Department of Agriculture,

is designed to revolutionize farming practices by leveraging technology. Its primary

goal is to attract younger generations to agriculture by demonstrating the benefits

of digital tools and practices in enhancing productivity and sustainability. By

integrating technologies such as IoT, data analytics, and digital platforms, the

program aims to modernize traditional farming methods and address

contemporary challenges in the agricultural sector. This initiative serves as a

significant model for integrating modern technological elements into agricultural

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innovation hubs, showcasing how digital innovations can foster a more efficient

and appealing environment for future farmers.

Greenhouse constructions for small scale farmers in tropical regions

The research paper focuses on the use of greenhouses for small scale

farmers in tropical regions to improve vegetable and flower production, supported

by the FAO. The main goal is to enhance food security and socio-economic well-

being of small farmers in tropical areas. Design criteria for greenhouses include

considerations for climate conditions, ventilation requirements based on

temperature, and the ability to withstand heavy rainfall and storms in tropical

regions. Local materials and skills are recommended to minimize construction

costs, promoting sustainability and affordability. Greenhouses are part of a broader

strategy for integrated Production and Protection management, aiming to reduce

pesticide use and increase year-round crop production. Ventilation openings are

crucial for temperature regulation, with specific guidelines based on outside

temperatures in tropical highlands and lowlands. Nets in front of ventilation

openings are necessary in many regions, although they can reduce ventilation

efficiency. Overall, the paper emphasizes the importance of tailored greenhouse

construction in tropical regions to support small scale farmers and improve

agricultural practices.

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Design of international agricultural institute of technology with a modern

architectural approach

The research paper focuses on designing an International Agricultural

Institute of Technology in Semarang Regency, Indonesia, to support agriculture

and livestock sectors using modern technology. Semarang's topography, suitable

for agriculture, highlights the need for professional human resources and

technology to enhance food production. The institute aims to educate skilled

individuals in agriculture and livestock through a modern architectural approach,

attracting young talent to these sectors. By emphasizing quality design and

renewable technology standards, the institute seeks to optimize food production

and meet human food needs sustainably. Overall, the study underscores the

importance of integrating technology, professional expertise, and innovative

infrastructure to ensure the future sustainability and advancement of agriculture

and livestock sectors in Indonesia.

Architecture Against Global Warming: A Research Institute for Sustainable

Agriculture

The paper addresses the pressing issue of global greenhouse gas

emissions resulting from unsustainable agricultural practices since the Industrial

Revolution, proposing a Research Institute for Sustainable Agriculture on Granville

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Island, British Columbia, to research and promote alternative methods of food

production.

It highlights the importance of architectural design in fostering sustainable

agricultural practices and public awareness, integrating modern tropical elements

to support innovative solutions like hydroponics and Clean Meat production. The

institute's design features include a large underground water tank for conservation

education, blending modern and tropical styles to inspire new approaches to

sustainable agriculture and raise awareness about current food production

methods. By combining research, praxis, and public education, the institute aims

to drive interest in sustainable food production, emphasizing the role of

architecture in promoting environmental consciousness and sustainable practices.

Creative Hub Planning in East Jakarta with Contemporary Tropical

Architecture Approach

The study focuses on the importance of creative economy in Indonesia,

emphasizing the need for creative hubs to boost economic growth. The research

aims to design a creative hub in East Jakarta using a contemporary tropical

architectural approach, considering the region's economic potential and user

productivity. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and

document studies to inform the design process. The planned creative hub will be

a single building covering 17,874 m2, incorporating sustainable materials like

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wood, natural stone, and bamboo to meet community needs and have a positive

environmental impact. Contemporary tropical architecture in the design is tailored

to the tropical climate while allowing for modern design elements, ensuring user

comfort and supporting the creative community's activities.

Sustainable Design of Past-rural Architecture in the Present Urban-tropical

Environment

The research focuses on adapting traditional rural architecture to urban

tropical environments to address challenges like high-density neighborhoods and

global warming. The study involved direct measurements and interviews with

occupants of 19 buildings and 71 respondents to understand sustainable design

concepts for rural architecture in urban settings. Methods such as active and

passive ventilation, raising floors and roofs, and incorporating solar chimneys for

vertical ventilation were proposed to enhance cooler air movement and overall

sustainability of the buildings. The results emphasized the importance of

occupants responding to their urban environment through sustainable design

strategies like improved ventilation and shading. Tools like Ecotect Analysis and

CFD Fluent program were utilized to develop a model that showcased the

effectiveness of the proposed sustainable design concepts in urban tropical

environments.

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Synthesis of Reviewed Literature and Studies

Sustainability in Tropical Modernism

The study of Maurice Houyoux’s Bank of Belgian Congo design

demonstrates how innovative architectural solutions can address tropical

climate challenges. Techniques like north-south orientation, perforated

walls for insulation, and natural ventilation show how integrating local

materials and traditional building practices can create sustainable

structures.

Greenhouse Production in the Tropics

Elings and Hemming's research highlights the importance of

efficient resource use in tropical greenhouse systems. Key design criteria

include sufficient ventilation, light transmission, and pest insulation, which

enhance productivity and sustainability in controlled environments.

Bayu Traditional Wooden Building Innovations

The study of Bayu traditional wooden buildings illustrates the

integration of modern green technologies to enhance sustainability.

Techniques such as moisture-proofing and fire protection provide a model

for sustainable design that can be adapted to agricultural hubs.

Accessibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 344)

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The Philippine Accessibility Law ensures buildings are accessible

to persons with disabilities through features like ramps, railings, and

accessible restrooms. This law emphasizes the importance of inclusive

design in creating functional agricultural hubs.

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem

The paper on the Philippine innovation ecosystem highlights the

role of modern tropical architecture in fostering innovation and productivity

in agricultural hubs. This aligns with socioeconomic goals of economic

transformation and poverty reduction.

Tropical Architecture in the Philippines

Studies on tropical modern architecture in the Philippines highlight

design features like sun-shades and pitched roofs, which address climatic

conditions and enhance sustainability.

Green Tropical Architecture

Research emphasizes integrating local climatic principles into

contemporary design to promote energy efficiency and sustainability. This

supports creating environmentally friendly agricultural innovation hubs.

Agroecological Resilience

A case study on commons-based seed governance in the

Philippines shows how empowering farmers to manage seed production

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enhances local adaptation and food security, supporting sustainable

practices in agricultural hubs.

Challenges of Organic Farming

Nelson’s study on organic farming identifies benefits like enhanced

soil health and challenges like limited market access and higher labor

requirements. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the success of

sustainable agricultural hubs.

Impacts of Agriculture on Biodiversity

Research by Ortiz and Torres emphasizes the need for sustainable

agricultural methods to conserve biodiversity. Integrating these practices

into agricultural hubs can mitigate adverse environmental impact.

Digitalizing Agriculture

The Digital Farmers Program aims to modernize farming through

technology, attracting younger generations and enhancing productivity.

This supports the integration of digital innovations in agricultural hubs.

Greenhouse Constructions for Small Scale Farmers

Research on greenhouse construction emphasizes tailored designs

for local climatic conditions and sustainability, supporting enhanced

agricultural productivity in tropical regions.

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International Agricultural Institute Design

The design of an International Agricultural Institute in Indonesia

integrates modern technology and architecture to support sustainable

agricultural practices, demonstrating the importance of innovative

infrastructure.

The reviewed literature supports the thesis by showing how modern tropical

architecture can enhance sustainability and productivity in agricultural innovation

hubs. Climate-responsive design, technological integration, and supportive

policies are crucial. However, challenges such as market access and biodiversity

conservation need to be addressed. The importance of inclusive design and

accessibility is also emphasized. Overall, the studies reinforce the thesis while

highlighting areas for improvement.

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Chapter 3

Research Design, Methods and Methodology

This part presents the methodologies employed in this research study. It

also includes the sample size and instruments to be used by the researcher to

gather data. The development of the research instrument was discussed in detail

to come up with a valid questionnaire. The statistical tools to be used to analyze

the results are also discussed in the later part of this chapter.

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design for this thesis employs quantitative research methods,

aiming to collect extensive data for the proposed Agriculture Innovation Hub in

Gumaca, Quezon. It also seeks to evaluate the effects of tropical design strategies

and gain insights into the viewpoints of various stakeholders.

3.1.1 SYSTEM OF INQUIRY

The inquiry system for this study employs a thorough and

methodical approach to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to

address the research questions and meet the study's objectives. The

research will utilize a quantitative design methodology to offer a

comprehensive understanding of the agriculture hub in Gumaca, Quezon,

and the integration of sustainable and tropical design strategies.

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3.1.2. PURPOSE

The objective of this research is to explore and recommend

sustainable solutions by incorporating tropical design elements for

agricultural hubs, with a specific focus on Gumaca, Quezon. The study

aims to evaluate the suitability of the selected architectural designs for the

proposed structures. Ultimately, this research aspires to provide valuable

insights that can improve the productivity and sustainability of agricultural

facilities through the integration of appropriate architectural design

strategies.

3.1.3 APPROACH

A quantitative methodology will be utilized to gather and analyze

data concerning the incorporation of sustainable and tropical design

strategies. Surveys and data collection tools will be employed to obtain

measurable data on the effects of sustainable and tropical design on

agricultural performance.

3.1.4 METHOD

The research will employ structured surveys to gather quantitative

data on the impact of the agricultural hub and the demographic profiles of

respondents. These surveys are designed to assess the perceived

effectiveness of sustainable and tropical design strategies and their

influence on productivity and the enhancement of agriculture within the

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community. The main objective is to collect data that can offer insights into

the potential benefits of integrating sustainable and tropical design

strategies in agricultural facilities, particularly in Gumaca, Quezon.

3.1.5 DESIGN

The descriptive method will be employed to investigate the

phenomenon, serving the purpose of this study. Researchers will utilized

stratified random sampling to select respondents, ensuring honest and

accurate survey responses.

3.1.6 TACTICS

The data collection methods will involve distributing surveys to a

sample of individuals across various municipalities. The survey data will

then be subjected to statistical analysis to identify the most effective

strategic approach for improving productivity and enhancing the

agricultural hub.

3.2 POPULATION AND SAMPLING (SOURCES OF DATA)

3.2.1 PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

The data collection methods will include distributing surveys to a

sample of individuals from various municipalities. The collected survey data

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will be analyzed statistically to determine the most effective strategies for

enhancing productivity and improving the agricultural hub.

3.2.2. SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

Secondary data sources will encompass academic papers,

literature, legislation and standards, as well as case studies focused on

sustainable and tropical design, community engagement, and agricultural

enhancement within agriculture hubs. These sources will furnish

supplementary context and background information to bolster the

quantitative analysis of the study.

3.3 RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The study's respondents will be local residents from the municipalities of

Calauag, Lopez, Gumaca, Pitogo, Macalelon, and Atimonan. The goal is to

understand how tropical and sustainable design strategies can be practically

integrated into these agricultural facilities. The feedback from the community will

inform us about the effectiveness of these strategies and their impact on local

agriculture. To ensure equal representation, researchers employed a stratified

sampling method to select respondents, ensuring that any individual affected by

the project has an equal chance of being included in the study. The sample size

is determined using Slovin's formula.

Slovins formula:

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Where:

nh = sample size for the hth stratum

Nh = population size

N = entire population along with n as the entire sample size

no
n=
n −1
1 + oN

Where N = population size

3.4 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

The principal research tool will consist of a structured survey questionnaire

crafted to assess the perceived efficacy of sustainable and tropical design

strategies and their influence on the envisioned agricultural innovation hub.

3.5 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

3.5.1 IDEA

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The concept represents the preliminary stage of this study, typically

involving researchers identifying a specific topic or issue for investigation.

This phase includes formulating the primary goal and objectives of the

research, as well as delineating the study's scope. The primary objective

of this research is to incorporate sustainable tropical design strategies

aimed at promoting productivity and enhancing agricultural facilities.

3.5.2 DATA GATHERING

This phase of the study is pivotal, encompassing various sources

and methodologies such as thorough literature review, analysis of case

studies, surveys of end users, site assessments, and consultation with

municipal planning authorities in Gumaca. Gathering these data and

insights will facilitate the researchers' understanding and anticipation of

trends and contextual factors relevant to the design challenge: integrating

sustainable tropical design strategies to promote productivity and improve

agricultural facilities.

3.5.3 ANALYSIS OF THE DATA

After the data collection, the data gathered will be analyzed and

interpreted.

3.5.4 SYNTHESIS

After analyzing and interpreting the data, the researchers will

proceed with synthesizing the data. This process entails integrating

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findings from various datasets and sources, followed by an evaluation to

develop a meticulously structured schematic design that enhances

sustainability and productivity within agricultural facilities in Gumaca,

Quezon.

3.5.5 SCHEMATIC DESIGN

After integrating all datasets and information, the researchers can

commence detailed planning and design of the Gumaca agriculture

innovation hub, informed by the synthesized data. Initial renderings are

subsequently generated to visually represent the hub's design, enhancing

communication and facilitating better understanding of the proposed

concepts.After synthesizing all data sets and information, the researcher

can finally start extensive planning and design of the Gumaca agriculture

innovation hub based on the synthesized information. Preliminary

renderings are then created to graphically visualize the design of the hub,

improving communication, and increasing comprehension of the suggested

designs.

3.5.6 EVALUATION

Performance metrics are used in the Evaluation stage to systematically

examine the design's efficiency in satisfying climate resilience and

ecosystem sustainability goals. This evaluation involves stakeholder

feedback. This process aims to make the design even better, ensuring it

meets the goals of the study.

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3.5.7 FINAL DESIGN

The concluding design phase involves refining the schematic

diagram based on feedback received during evaluation and new insights

gained from research. Utilizing planning and design software, detailed

plans, drawings, and specifications are developed, encompassing all

facets of sustainable and tropical design strategies.

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Figure 3: Data Gathering Procedure

Figure 3 presents a design method that is adapted from the J.C. Jones Design

Method: This method will be utilized by the researchers to provide a well-structured

framework for integrating sustainable and tropical design strategies to foster

climate resilience and ecosystem sustainability in Gumaca agriculture hub.

Statistical Treatment

After compiling data from the structured survey questionnaire, researchers

will organize it into tables for statistical analysis and interpretation. Frequency and

Percentage Distribution will serve as the statistical method to validate, generate,

and comprehend the data. The variable 'N' denotes the total number of

respondents included in the study. Participants' viewpoints were assessed using

frequency and percentage distribution, where respondents addressed the diverse

causes, effects, and potential solutions related to the study's main issues.

The formula for the percentage is:

𝑓
𝑷=
𝑁(100)

Where:

P = Persentatge

F = Frequency

N = Total Number of Respondents

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100 = Constant

The formula used to calculate each respondent’s weighted mean is:

∑ SA(5) + A(4) + N(3) + D(2) + SD(1)

W. M. =
n

Where:

W.M. = weighted mean

∑ SA(5) + A(4) + N(3) + D(2) + SD(1) = summation of frequency counts of

all the respondents

n = Total Number of Respondents

The point system, range scale, and interval are displayed below. Descriptive

meaning and weighted mean code.

S-Point Likert Scale Utilized in the Study

Point Range scale Verbal Code

interpretation

5 4:21·5:00 Strongly Agree SA

4 3:41·4:20 Agree A
3 2.61-3.40 Neutral N
2 1.81-2.60 Disagree D
1 1:00-1:80 Strongly Disagree SD

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