Madur 2

Kelotionel Mode Cenetpt

ltion mel 3tpanestnts he tabase toboe a a

Collecion af tlabions.

Infmally , esch eletion Rstmbl1s t b l of

lalus &, to Somt etnt, H 1 f udl.
Call t betaust eoth eckhos a
tuttua.
Simple inca & flat
Chen a 9atlation ithouqht o tahle o alurs,
eoch e in th tablt 9ehs n a Colleehien 4
9Aelate oto loluts. A uoud R A t n t s f o t t +hat
typicolly maapendy to

eletionship.
nemt lolum
The tb
xe to hlp t intptt he meaning the
6lusin eath uou.

TODENT - i n Roch ou ep nts

obout a aticula 8 t ! i n t ent ty.
focts

AL lalues in a Colum)

mal elationa
moel tminelojy. a JAeu

Collt tuple Column htadox i Call n

the table is Calle a selation.
atthute, 4
he doto tthe SACbin h ttrs »-Ualues
appeoa Rach Column 1 thmetent
hat Con
domoin eablt Ualuy .
bby
Domins,Atibuth, Tuhls, Ktlbhien3

A er Oin D i 8t oofemic «tuy. By temic tAY

Yneerthet eeth lotue n h Serrain inul
AA Commen mathe 8haung domain te .hec
9oto tyhe rem tehth he to laluns femming the domain aae

Specify ha nemt fen th domein, tc hel in intupaetins

it luts.

SemeEamhls domain fellew

Usaphent- humbuS h 8t ttn-tphene numbtu al,

inthe USA

2 SociaSecuity numhengThe At al nine- 5SN.

3 ames That chasottr Stain that ahanant
omas sng

Th ttuding Callaotalintiond oraint

A detotyhe on donmat algo 3pugris do ch matnd
e h detatype o t h damain UAaphone netmbens
Con be Sclastd as a charatd Atauint fon)

anthe fst+hanet 3 Joum o U a t i +alehhone. a s a e

he to tyhe for bnhleyeots is an

intt no
betwun 15 o

A
A domsin i hus e n anome, dtatyhe, fumot.

Rlator Achuna
A Pulation 8thema R, Senetl by RAA---An) i modep
a t l u t i o n name R and a listotibuhs, A, A,A - . An.
Eoth atacbute A; is dentit by don(A:)
A: +ha name s- a uele play by 8ome oma'n D in
+h elation 8thtma R)
Dis Calle Semoin A; Senete by
en(A:)
Th r a a t ution i the numher pt athutts of
luhio 8them
 A Slation tant8estan.
STuDENT(lame, sn , Homt.bhen, ASua,dfitt_ phon, Agt,&te

UAing the dotatyh tatk aihue,+he nitien

omtimas ui Htn

STUDENT(Neme tStuin,Sn):Stin, Hornephone:Sti

Ag:int, Gta, utal)

ualiJd uith +he tlation name R

AHhute A Con b
to h i t h i b l e n g s y i r
thet netation R.A
STUDENT. name

Releti on Stote
Asaletion (0a tlation 8tat) the aslaton Achuma R(A,A--A)
oulo notd by R), i5 a 8t n-tublis -{t6t
ach ntuple t is a 0dues l+
valus ={t-tn
t-<Nt,v-..Vn> , whune eath lalu di, t4ien, s a
lunent dem(A:) a
Spttal NuLL talut
The i lalue in tuple , wh'h Coapens to th
aaihutu Ai, funed to os tA] tA
T h t n ) aalatron intnion g he latron 8bema R
helation State s(R) o5 uladion attnion
t sible f Sval ataihutt to hate the Some
Somoin.The atahu namg inst Jitfonnt uole
Ea Uaphent-numhens ^loys he uele Heme phene
Ruletron Nemt

UAahenenumhu5 bley3 +ha uelt a-phine.

Abiutt3
STUDENT

em Ssn Heme-phen ADDeAs hice pheneAnt

Bengomin 305-61-2435 8171373-16 16 918, Lan NULL
Gpo
Tuhls 19 3-2
Rohen 489-221ee (RI7)376-182 25,ak
ar (817)749-6A2
28 313

r Th attuihutts & tuples a

tl«tien SruDENT
Dfintien Summoy

Infmnal ttm romo tum

ToLl Reletio
2 Column Heod'ey Attauibut
7

3 All Dos5:hle Colomn omo)

olu

o Tuple

51o1t dginiHen Schemo &o Kelahon

eopuuttdToble Stott he Kelation
ehmotttAtts D Klations
Som he ehoetoshits
Keleion
dhdeaing9 Tuples in
A aelotion is finnd as of tubles. Mothemohi
a t
a
hove &en omon em
ne

Cally, Elemens o ne-hve

have
lution one-
henct, tuls in

n t Btns:tHue to k àlaing ff
Kelotion i
tupl
shot ptofa elakion efin:iom
Tople attamb ts to e
attnJorhs
hetaus elatio a

leu Many toplr &g

atalx'tal ahstaat
be t o n he Samt clatien.
Con
a tlatien s n Shetify any Ps:
Definhien
Aftnte
an otht i

lelurs witha ule a n Altanefia

in n f
9finitie Relatien

Accn t h e oun in lohion

n-tuhl
alut tule im utan t
hh &eing

mee ah4iaalf let

A+
alars net tha imptont 4 len
the
(esbern enCtbl
blatshate talutsi
ChasatuiAtits 4 Kalations

An alttntiue dfintion o t latior Can b gven ,

maki nA h &oin tupl unneceKaky. atuts n a

hi9.ginition, a lation Achima R-{a, A ?

o atta hu h , 4
a Att elation Atk a(R) 3 a

oinit e a f i n s a - [ . 4 . . t , hee
Roch tuple t i s mapi om R to D, 4 Da

the Onion (U) of h otbibute comains tkat a

D- 9om-(a) v Sem (4,) U.... vSom (An).

eeh
Acedi +Rsfiniton tole as a mothia,
to

atule Con be Comidka as s t of

(Lataibutt>,
Zualur) pars , cohtae esch fai ieg e valur o
+he
mo
moping Me) an atsibutt A: to a val u ;

ne m(A:) .
Theauing f atibu8 s not im&tant,
beCauAA h e atarbuk hame ohtans oith it+3 value.

when +h atawbute nam t 6 Ualut t in tluR.Q

hen
tohex in tuple,ts Knouo Aelf-Mcabiua
ota, becou se thecaithion f Reth lelue (at:hute
name) i ineluy in the tust

alus & NuLLs in the Tupl

Ail oluts t Cens:Jeney atomit in 9:ui4:,It)

be
Each a lat in
n a Tublt must
th Jomain
ofthe attbate +ho+ telu mn
tub t= < 1,V-Vn> a tuple (ueus) in +

Slatien tot RAA -A)

.
n Rath alus muAt
bea Ualut on omlk,)
Shtial a ' hu Ualut i UAt to mtbamt4 tnt \lalut
The
that Untnouwn in tblicoabl
oo atuibutis ant

tt Cttain tupl

In tnuual hahatt ALUee mtanins * NoLL

Ualus , &th alut unlknown
alu tx^ts hut
is net ovailable , aataihutt >ots not atbly to #
tuple (ano a alut Undrjint).

Intpn etation (eani lation

Kuleti on schme Can b intauntt&as a
lation
&atyhe oMtion.
Ex h Achtm a 0 tke TO DENT elaten
OsAnts that, in tntaa a Atuent entity hos
Nom, Ssn
Eoth tutle in a elaten on b intta pa tttod
afott potula instenee o +he osmuation.
F i a s t uhle in SToDENT »elotien osmnts the

oct tht tha i STODENT shest plamt is

BanTomin Beyt. S&n .-. Ko on .

Reltonal Hodlstation
Relat on Sehem R n t t n i Yenetr9 by
R(,A-- 4An),
a c a j t letteas , . 5 JenttR Relaion Mamts
leteas , *,s Senot Selahion Ahat
Letns , u, v enet tupls
t,
Reletiene Not tonstaanints Keltiena Datohesqtheme

In tlestione thes, h htt w tpitelly b mony

el4ion 5 , h 4tuhlus in thes tlations USually 4lote
leaiou
The
The
tot f the tohele dto5ese Co Cosband
to ha Atotus o ooll ts lationg a-t o e ul boia
in tmt.
These Qe tntaly meny BtAiCtiong o Const»ant
on the ockuo Noalues in a dotahose 8ttt

Constainty enotohaies Con tnually b o:Je9 into thae

main Ctetoia:

Constkainty tht o inhent in tk to modet.

de otlths
Im
inhuuntmedt-bose on&tointy
t onstainta. os

2Con&taints thot Con be ttly exps»seS9 in

the Sot meSl, typcely Bhemo
by3puij7ing then in th
DDL, we Csll +hge Bcheo- bose
Constinty
Conátains o Sblrt

3 Consteinty that Connot be dinetly exb»3ged in tke

th Sto modt, 4 hence tmust be
&ehtrnoe
nfete hy tk
ophlicetion puams , u Coll +hsopbltation-k
ogamontic Cen3tointa 0 bugintsg ule.

Domoin onatainty
Speity that within R»th tupla the tolu oeoth attb.:ate
Amust b on otomic Ualut. 3orn t demairn dem(A).
The doto +ybs aketiate with demains thily inelude
8tano humtuit f inttu. 4 esl nombns.
Chomets,Beeltans, -er*h Baintd, bile-lenytk
Stina oe aMo ateill os ot dote
dthn , time, timegtomb
 Constaints &lonstsainy on NoLL lelu3
Key
a lation fine9 o a
infoxma ladiens mel,
all tupls in a elstien
et tupls By n:tien ,

tuo
thet ho tupley Con hove
m u t br
z4intE. This mesns
Comhinetion Nolur3 o aal kei athutes.
he fame
hat we toniJn one ub oabihutty by S:
Suphese tubles t, 4 In autlohen
4hen fon Ony tus itint
le hete tha Containt tha:
stst K,

Auth 8 t e ataibutes SH ealle a Supeuney

Any
8cheme K.
the ue letion
letion hes
atltost ne dfeult Aupukey- the se
Euty
a t l t s att:hutts
udundot atihutg so ketmevins
hae
Auhutkey Cor Con
thost ottbahutas
motka3 ke Concep & ey (ne eun Denty)

Vay is o minimu Auh ey tkot , a Aaheuttey

uom wh-th w Cennot umev eny aftabuttg 4
hova the Unifutinss Conttaint
A ey is a supukey but no ut ttda. A kuhuey
Hy( iá minimal 0
mey not be a Key (
net minima
S , Name ,Att aAupu key ox R(TUnENT)
but net a Hy, betau tmeuint Nome t Ate e

h l l u e a , Kay atbute Can haUm t ntt

Uni'ly eoth tula in he loten.
Rey Batii two haeputs
Tu Stintttuples in any a t t +a Jualutisn Carnet have
n t l alueg goa (»tu) h at:hutin th IKey. Tk
Un:unts ehotylasa athls t Auutey.
 minimel &upen kty - +hat i , a Sapenttey fhem
whth w Cen not Mmote any taihuttg a n t 0 hov
h Unitutnss opeaty hst. This minimality pmepndy
i s e u n t f o n a t y but ption fon o Aupaltey.

A letion 8eheme mey hoe mot thon on ey. In this

Cos
Cos, eath he 1y3 Calle9 a Cenit I14ey
Ex CAR ulutien hs two Cen:9t keyz:
LicenAehumbu Enginesnial.ne. t i
Cemmen to siznate ene t h e Cen i o t t Keys

ath 1'mimany ay t h e tution.

imey ey t ulukien the lon9:9.te Key

whsse laluts ant UAtdto enti tuplas in the
9tletion. imay ey an nytalints in Ache ma

th eonat Ky e Sesisnete os Unique key

lalu onstaintg
Anotht Constaint tn atsihates Sparif*s uwhethe
NOLL laluts at tat het AmitHed

euy AtuenE tuhle must have a tlel.

men- NoL Valut g the Nome atsihutt , then Nome

STUDET Cengnoint t be NeTNLs (must

ha/e alut, Connet be empt7).

NULL- Con have haue het alue

elotion Dtohase Seherme
Relational Datehese ehemo S at o
lution athernes thet
belen to the Sorme etabese S-R., Rz, Rs anSo Att
tgmity Conttueints IC.
S 13 +ha heme o he hele Setabest thtmo
.
R,,RR3--.-, Rr 0 be hemts h e irndividuel elation
Sthemos ithn etebese .
elaionel tobost tete DB- 44,,a,3 --4-a 8at f
9elation 3tott 8uth thatt eoth i3 th Stut oR: and guch
thatt the ; hlation 8tats Ratsfythe tntty eonstainty
8pe in Te (val: 8tatt.
CcNTANy Datobest Rchtma

ENPLoyEE

Frane i t Lneme 5sn BAte Aus Sex Slonysts Dne

Dno

DEPARTNENT
|)nome )numbeu Ng.SSr t Date

1EPMLoCATIONS

Dnumbta Dletatien

PRoJeCTT
P Preme numbe Pletsticn Doum
ORKS tN

Heu
DEPENDENT
r
eptretrt. rorrC DaBt. (ralet:nabh
gsna
 7
entity inteity, Kefntntia intity, goet Keys
gtotts +hat uimoy Key ho Volu
kntty intety Congtuaint
Ualue
NULL This i's because he Pimau kay
Cor b
to i9tnt.{y indiiuo ules in
a
elatron.
Ust kat we
NULL Valus fom th puimy ky imles
Conno t n t : t Bo +uhles.
hsketules ha LL on +heiDmoy Rey
Two
we may not b ohl to tinguish htm itwe t y
tnct kim o m the ueltiong.
t
eonstmaint &entity intyyConsttuaint3 a t ApeciftX
ey
on
on
inu:Jul elotion
betuosn two
intity Rongtuaint i3 8heifieX
R ntia
elutio ng and is vse maintain the ons3têny ameng-
to

in h t o rlation3.
taplas
Dno o EMPLOYEE ivs +hr Seþoat mend n
Exatbute
oHS hance h its Uolue
ohich Rath Rmploy ,

o EHPLOYEE tupl
must matth ha Dnumbt
evey in th DEPARTHEKT l a t i o n
S*me tubl
Llatue f

S t n t i o l int+ti meeomolly, st we

9aine Concep joltin Rey ,

9einehe
t n kty ^becify efnenki=
a
C o n t i ong on ,

The h
+h taso tlation hchemas
Consthaint btkee
inttfi+y
R, R
FR n elation Athemo K a
A Set f t t a i butus
A
+hat Saenc keation R, i it
foiph Key of K,
satisfies
the fe lle ubingaults

in FR have 4h Kome domain(s) os the

The atbutes the at.ihutes FK
bimaty Hy abibat PR R
ef to th eelation Rg
a e a i to n c e
in a uble ukarnt State , R
he

A alue f K

ccus a5 a alu f PKe m eme tupie tin

h
tte Ka) L L r onma
he u tn
e have tLFK= t,LPK ubie

O tte to h tuble t
 R,is Lalle ftntins ulron
R i s he atnte y lation selatt to oboue
i n : on

In atabuße of meny elaionA, th« a t meny a e n t

ointRaity CoNBtaintS.
Con&tsints a3 m+he
Refniol intity the
9aelationsh: Þs
ament h AwtiB saput3enttX hy
Alation chemno3
to itS ouon tlotion.
rein Rey an Mj
a o i t n Kty
ExSuban-Asn i s a
that tnct
h EMPLoYEE elabion tst,

eonsthointh Con be tbutsentt& by

Rmwhia intgsity to
aac uom Rath hnign ay +h
d't a uted
Melotiontefutntes

Con&taint Con be Spufitd on the tlahional

Al integuity DBHS to enote +hise
enfotute these
i ebenthe
Satobase chema, atobase 8tott&
8 tatt&.
Constaints on +he
mauiAian4 foh3puifyint ha l iou
DDL inelas
DBMS Con autom
Constaint
0 hot ha mahtaly
tybes o
noethem
Uhdote opdiens onsathiens Dtaling ,
h
Condtoint
ielations
The ehotion he uelationel meSel Con beatgoze
into etsuievalg & Udtts.
The bosre opetions that Con ckene h ^tottg
oMaluiend inh dtebese
Deht
3 Upot
Wenen these oeationg a +h*
ahlied , Intyaty
Constanty Shrje on th ebtional Stobeja 8chamo
Bhoul hot be licbtt.

Insent opmation
ingnt opmotion puous
a t tthutt
otti hutt Uoto
Volus gen
fen
The into
nuO tuple t hat i
to be ingtatrX o
9letion R.
Tnstnt Car ate ony
ha ou tb13 «f Censtne in ts
isess.
Demain onataeinty Con be i l t d H n ottaihute
Welua s given het Sors hot opheoa in the
Cosoningdomain.
2 y Constaints Con be Niolottd e y Velue in
h heu topll t alutody ex ints
in anoth tusta
in the aalation (R).
3Entity inttgHy be ViolettJ h
ony ost the
iney Hey deh oth tupte t is NULL. neus

4 R intty Con be Violate g the volu o

ny foutit Key in
to tule +kat does
not exigt n ha gaente uelation.
Ion instion Nelets tne c moe
option
1 tt eTit he
Consboint3, the fautt
th3ention.
 Anotha otion to atempt to CoMaattt the Juson fea
tJectin he insntien , but +hi i tic lly net us fon
teti it s t mome o
io latior Ceus Sy insut; kethar
tn
n
Co hir ioletion fox Delett thdotk.

x opuadion
inet< eecilio','F , KoloniKy, NoLL, 1960-0y-+5 357 winyln
Katy,T F, 28000 , NoL, 4> into
EHPLOyEE
Rhut Ths inution liolatrg 4h tntity intejaty
eonbeint (NoLL fr h* Paimay tey Ssn),So

Dalttt opAation
TheDlttt tpaken Cen Vielatt only ftatnhia
intty
T occus k tuple bin lstt s aeftatnc
CtH uples in the etohost.
by t n Reys uem

To 8hiy Selabion ,
a Contion tn the atibutes st th
lation 8leut he tuhle (e tuhles) to be l e t .

Es opeuetion
Dlttethe oRes_oN tuplk oth EsSn 999887777' on
no - 10
ResuttThs tien i ateehtahle OnJtates exetHy
One tuple

a lete the EMPLeYEE tuhla u4h, S5-'999881777'

Thialaticn 5 net octehtamble, hecause thene
Rautt ase tupls in eRKN+hat s f to +his tupe
Hence he tupl in GMLATeE Setete
Sfntiol i n t t y isladiens itt u t t

Sevaal
ev er
e A aveil5fe io theaien tauus
fe'sken
 The f cien, Catl aestaict t uJrtt tha
eletio
Secenohtion, C«leCoscade, is to aftrnpt to Co5co.9.
The
(OM ehoote) 4he 9etetion by eletin tuples -hat usfttnee
hetupte 4at btintlteI.
En in ebeuatien 2, th* D8MS autematitally Jlett
+h ofenin 4upls Mom sRKSONN wh tSsn = 999837777

The 4hietion, eall e t nutt o tfault i to

moy h fatntinata: butt leluss that Caut h
liolation; oth uch alue i eihu t te loL o
Change to ftmenee anothe4 fault al:9 tuple .

OTE Ia jfmntin att:hut hat Causes,Violatin i

poat ha paimeay KeY,i+ Cennetbt NuLL o4kms-
iitweuliolatetntity intpaity.
n naa 9hen tht finentialintgaity eonstseint i
eifi +he DRNS w
inthe DdL alloto +h
sn to 8pif7 hch h oons apbl«s eateheA
in CeMe
UielaUiela en th Constsoint

Uhdatt epAamadhion
The pdete (o No)
heUoluas f On
opaation UAtto chon
o
mo ataihuttg tn afuple (otup-
4 Aome tlation R.
botir on athute a t he'the paut t a
bximoay y ne geaijn Rey sually louns no
ellam
eheck to onfim thathe heuo lalu i 9he
CoRtt data tyha & domain.
No9ting pimaay Rty Valut is im:l t 9.tatios
on
On tuhle 4 ingtinanethey in it
UAh aimaay ploce hecau4e e
Key tidentify tuples.
T a fmn ey atbute mo , th DBHS mus
he nu Uaue nfns to an exizting tuble
make Aune 4hat
in h sfotnte elotion (o i at t rleLL)

T4 nesany topfy Contion on h ataihutes

of 0 elation t &let he tuplt (o tuple) to be mope9

Exotmation
het 4h« Sotay h e FAPLoyEE tuple toi+h
SSn999887777 to 28oo0

Resutt Aecehtable

hIate ha Dno heEpLeyEF tuhl th Ssn='99988777

to7.
betaune itslatts asfunentiol tgity
RuutUnecceptoble,

1 Sensattion Contt

A Sotobest Apbl:tation m aunnirt t atletionok

a

tyhically executts
h 0 mo taanottion .
atohs
A terMattien i on 1ttutin a a t inchude
Som Sota hast tpauationg Suth o5 ,

databose.
-
seodira femtha
aphlyin inseutien, detions,
o
Upatts to

A the en h
rtbot
hatobost
txaniachien , itmust lteve +h
Satohest in o lali o enizttnt Atat +hat Aatisjig
at he congtaoints Ah«igies on th dtobase Achema
Rltiens toe n UAing FR- te Relatiena Mohbingg

wlton het tt mo Centftuel Atheme dnin in the

eRmoS t tionaltoe Achmo
An oloithm den ER-4o-Rltional mehir ws givn
illutbod.by Xemles fuem the ConMpANY tabofe
In 9t le tiona! Sthema elatiensh:h tyhes Oe not
9aehmsentt tnpl:ctly.
ER-to-Rltienal hing Asithm
uSstsih +he tths ar a thm feER-to- Rel»iens
mophint
Step 1 Nephin Rtulo Ertity Tyb
roeth mepuley(tmeng) entity t
htmo
i n the ER,diognom
Ctett o lution h indudis al th Simpla atb:buty

Inelu onty 4he 8iml Combenent ataaihutus gf

Comboit atjihute.
choose One ha Key affb.ihutty E o paimeay Kay
fo . I a Cho ostn Key E Combosit,the set o
imbl atibuts h a t fam it u togethfm he
R.
pimey Key sf
pMoml f ttp 1
Se Cnote a uelotiong EMPLoye, 1DEPARTHET, 4 PRoJF
em ule entity tyb<s FIPLYEF, DETARTMENT, 4 PRJERT
in CoMPAny ER &hem.
Then e choos S , DNUMBER & PatonBER 5
aimoy eys don 4he ueletion plsyeE, DETARTENT,
&iReTecT, uspettivaly

NoTE rotitn Key melationship atbabuttg aae het

romti
intlu Y«t they wtb ooig duning gutAetusnh
ths. These intloee the atbhuhy Supems Dne
of EHpLeyeE, MSSn MAts ste
DETARTNENT «t
 hetledion^ +hat ame Catmtt fem tkt maphine oan
Rntit
4hes ue Calle ntity JtlaBions hecause eoth t»hle Jueþatstnts
an
n ntity ingtnte .

Stp Hepinga wealk enity tyhas

F Eth wtek entty 47ht in the ER 8thema t t h ccont
entity 4te E , CAeate a 2elotion R, 4 intlude atl imple
atbihuft5 5 at:uts R.
Include o a feig Kay atha:ats R +he fanimey Key
athbutls) ha elationta) hat+ Coaspends to the eon
entity Ybel6).
Th imoay ey R
th Combinestion the paimak
key) he ouhtns) the amtial ky of the totsk
ype o . entty

e Catt -the elotion DEpeNdENT

in this ttp.
Tnelufe he haimey AY SSN e
HPLoYEF
onign kay akaibute gDEPENDENT
The pimoy ey 1DEpEHDENT the lombination
ESSN, DEPEJDENTNANE Gbcouth DEPENDENTLNANE
th pamtial ay DErEADENIT.
Str3 Nphings Binany 11 elatienAhib tybes
FoM ath inay : 1 mlationAhi tybe R in th ER Athtma
Sentity the Saelatons 3 ThoCostspen to the thkt
tyhes pomtrtpetin in R.
Thae e ha oible ephmoothag

Th domign ey acoth.
h e ma aelationMhib ohhaueath
3 Coas-SAfuante o lahiorship elation afhauenth.

Th imat othaueath, ithe mas+ Ufl 4 Ahoul9 be fotlewed

r o n Rey ophaosth
- cheoe one he elotion - S, oy-4
&inelude os a femti
Hey in S th Nai moy Key T
i s e t t fo cheose an entity tYbe wth total
ha o l e S .
DoAtipation in K, in
the : i latienship
Inelude atlhe 8imple ata: butes
f
type R 05 attilstts 5 .

Eemle tth3
MANAGES ohch 3 to
Lts Cong:n the elatienskip tyh«
euty &hantrntnt ha
a
manax). So DEPARTMENT to -

Bmte in the uele fS.

0% femij) key
Inclu tha Daimay ey tHpLeYEE
tnoma to NGR.SSN
in h DEPARTENT &
Tncudeh imbl aftauihutt StotDatt the NANAGES
the DEPARTMEIT
tnome NGRSTART DATE
in

Meat letion athacath

An atnative mebping a 1 : 1 AtlstienShip tyha isto
meg ha two ntitytyas h e lationsh:hb inte
Sinl alation.This i posibla her heth paautitihakien
a t total.

3 Cues-sfance
th Jletier sh»p 3uelatien aphmoath
The toni t At o :.lation R ft
+he puaphese c cA-fkepir funtint tha pimaky
Key of h twe latien^ 4 T uehaunsentio the tity
+besThis ophaueeith euit binay M: n
BaelatienAh:ba The ulaticn R Cellea utletionAh
aaltien. becaust eoh tupl in R e ntk a
slions intonc tat 'stey tre tuhle d a te:ih

tne tuje Auer T.

 S4 4Hhi Binany :al leienAkib tthes
tw eM:bl aphneat hes
h feutign Rty hMosth
2 C a A- entnxe
it Bueduee he ne o
h i 4 ofhmesth Daefeneo
obles
Frin 1y pheuth
FM th ulo Nltionskih +yhe R, nhiy +he
ueletion S thet mtstnt he pasrtitpatint tn tity type
ot +he N-s:A R.
nelut o doijn k«y in S the aimoky Ay ofth
eletion T that pasttsha o4htentitytype hotitip-
ating in
inelud any imle attaibutts the 1:N ulationshih
t y h s etbubutes of S.

Lets Cong:Sa +he 1:N ueletionship +ypes RKSFoR, CesrReLS

on SopERVISION
FOM ooRKS FOR, inelude he Paimouy Rey DNUNBER ef DEPARTNENT

otian key in ENPLoyEE 4 Catt itDNo.

FOM SupERVISTON , inelue the imey Key SS tNPLoYEE
4 eall SupersSN.
o i i n kay n t
DEPARTNENT
CoNTReLS, inelue he paimany Key DNuMBER
all itDNom.
0 n key in RoTECT

Sttp 5 Moppirg f Binasy M:N latiomkh tybs

biney NN alatic nship +ype K, Cate a new

gaeletien S
Incluse the paimsy Reys obeth Doatiipotientiti
o ein Ky Thei (orrbinatien m +h
Duimoy ey 5. Alue ineluse ony irople ataibates
c R
 (1
aCuate the elatior eoRKStN. Inelud the pminoy Hey5
RoECT and FHpLEYEE o5 fomn Reys. Rerorre thern Pno
on Essn. Ale include an atBauibute Heun
Theirmaky Hey i he Combinetien } {Essn, Pne4.

Stp6 Naphint Nuttivalucatbihutts

Fe Roch muttielutd atihute A stote a heu tletion B.
This Salotion R w l induse an atahut Costspening to A.

pluz th aimoy Key atihute K(as otitn Kay in'R) 4 the

9aalatton tho Japmsenty the tn+ity t e et aelationship tybe
het ho5 A a8 an altaihute.

he paiiroxy Kay oR Ris he Combinetier o A4KB.

Hhe multilelutd
ata:butt i eormpete, we indude its
Simple Compenent
e he atlotion DEPT LoCATEONS s tattd.The otsu:bute
DLoCATIN 9cpatsunts h* multiivalutl ataihute letattona
DePARTHENTletien . The aimay key o R
Combinatie o nurrk, Dlotahin .

Noy Kalatienshib tybes

Strp 7 : Naphint
n>),CAutate whue
FOMRoth n-ay atletionshrh type K,
a n eletion S tc uepustnt R.
in S the puimoyy
include fomin Rey et:butes
the uelutions hot uehutsenhe perticita
Reys
entity tpis
Alse inelvd eny 8iple oHauibutes sf the h-oy

Simble empenent3 Cempeste aibu)

Seletiership tybe (C
0atbihuts S
E he eltien A ty SuPPLy ir he ESioznors
ThiCor b mattett the elatier) oppLy Shes
i leticnelSther, the tiaay ey i
thobinetien t h thaune feanei's)key Sren

ankne, Yhuc T- Tarv4

 Tay SlatierA t4hes o Suppty letienáhp.

(Buant Bgplar

SurrseR SuppLY PeTeCT

(tale PART
F2 Hobþin^ he h-0y mletienAhip tybe SuPPLY Anem n10)
SuPpLEB
Slerne
RTECTT
PRoTUAE
PART
PARTNO

SUPpLy
Slame PRoTHomePARTNO Buentit
S6L Data Dyinitico &Doto tyb
ttmm teblt, ou Celamy f the
S Usts h
Aelational mol ttam3 elation, tubla
famal
atHibutt uespettive ly,
on f the magd Jatosen
S6L u ConniSene
uccs of elationa l tobass.
th Commti a

The mein SL omman fo at efinihon 1

CREATE Statrment ohich lan b Ust to Ctet

the
schsmos, tasls (neletions), tybs 4 domains, a)
a

as oth Constutty guch as liws, iutiong

tig
Stotemnts &tfinitons uuss, &pts (beth DpL
Sehema &Cotalo j Concepts in Sal DnL)

i s ntfitX bya b Sthame name

An SaL Schtma
inclues ar Authetiatien ntitM to inD:cabe
& actount ho owns th Achema
Hhe Usa

a s t b t * s * eath ltmnt in th khtma-

eltmen s indude tasl , ttpis, Contmainb
Seheme
lws, Yomains oth
onsbues (Suuh as

that Jesuiht the sckema.

authetien Rkons)

A 8chema i (mtatt le the CREATE ScHEMA

8tattment, twhith incl al) e schtme element+

inien
heschema Con be asnd a namt authea tio

ientf, f the eltments (anbefi'nnltea

ExCRENTE ScHEMA CotPAly ATHoRE2ATLeN 5mth
 at
euthe t to Ceat chema
Usts
Net al
sthme ltmen b

o:ion t th (ontthE af thtma, SaL Ust3

n anamey Collthion of Bthee
he Contth of Cetalo
(ontaigs Bhetial Athtme Coll t
A Cetale alway4
a/ways all th
whith hao uiJes nf on all
inf on th
INFORMATLCN
ScHEMA ltmtnt Yescni+a
Sekcaptas
a l t h a ttment
the (atolo alth
sthemes in
in these schemas.

Constaain ts fuch as efntial intety

inttity
Con be fintbatween eelotions onlyi a
enis n scheme5 within the Some
Gostel
ota/o.

Con shaae Ceautain

within
he Semt atale
Schemes
omein
domain Sefiniions .
Kuth as th
elements,

CREATE TABLE Commane i n SsL

i UAtX to Ap6fy a
CREATE TABLE orn man
Aelationb bby uinjta nemt
Ape«if7it
atu:hut & i n t Constuains .
ts
Thethutts ant Atitr nst 4 tach ah:bute
a datatyp to petity bs demsin
n hem,

oflalus, Dosibly attbut onstuaints, 8ath as

NOT NULL

SsL h.ch he atationo

in
TYpically, the
ma

t6.d-se inonmtnt in
is
whith
imliy pecifiein the
he CREATE TABLE Statment
n
ae exetute. AlttanHuely, we Con expl:c+ly
attochhe Bchema namt he elation nome

Bepaaat S by a peio