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The Significance of Cultural Tourism to Sustainable Development with Special

Reference to the Kolhapur City

Article in International Journal of Engineering Research and · January 2022

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Special Issue - 2022 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCA - 2022 Conference Proceedings

The Significance of Cultural Tourism to

Sustainable Development with Special Reference
to the Kolhapur City
Ar. Rakhi Begampure
Research scholar Amity university Rajasthan Dr. Parag Narkhede
Assit prof at S.P.S.M.B.H’S College of architecture Associote Professor at BKPS college of Architecture,
Kolhapur Pune,

Ar. Sheetal Jagdale

Assit prof ,College of architecture
Kolhapur

Abstract—The Indian has significant historical background. Cultural tourism in India

Culture and heritage are accompanying to history of Indian India's cultural tourism, because of its unique heritage cultures and
civilization. Indian has rich cultural and heritage significance. climatic features, India has become one of the world's popular
As tourism is one of the fastest growing industries. So, the tourist destinations, attracting a great number of people each year.
potential of cultural and heritage tourism can be utilized for Tourism has grown-up intensely over the last 25 years, and it is one
tourism development. of the most notable elements driving economic development. India
The cultural, tradition, art, architecture, religion and other is the among country that offers a variety of tourism options. By
social structure of the region have substantial impact presenting India as the ultimate tourist destination, the Indian
development region. The tangible and intangible cultural aspect government hopes to increase revenue from the tourism business.
play important role in sustainable development and tourism The religious ideas and philosophical tendencies of the time affected
growth of the region. Indian art. The temples in the south, as well as the caves of Ajanta,
It is identified the previous studies focused on sustainable Ellora, and Khajuraho, provide witness to the aesthetic quality
development in tourism but did not focus on cultural tourism, so reached by Indian artists, sculptors, and architects in those costly
in this study it has been considered. and spiritual reawakening on visiting these temples. The consistency
The regions issues and challenges of cultural tourism has been of Indian music's development is noteworthy. In India, there are
analyzed. For the study the research methodology used is three primary classical dance systems: Baratnatyam, Kathakali, and
integrated an inductive design through literature study in order Maipuri. Other notable dances include Andhra Pradesh's Kuchupudi,
to attain qualitative data. Orissa's Odissi, and Kerala's Mohiniattam.
The present study is about the cultural tourism and its Maharashtra is third-largest state in India's by area and population.
significance of the region. The various intangible and tangible Domestic tourist arrivals in Maharashtra have increased by around
cultural aspects are studied. The utilization of cultural resources 7.2 percent, while foreign tourist arrivals in India have increased by
of the region and its impact on the sustainable development of 20.8 percent. Along with the Konkan area, it boasts a 720-kilometer-
the region. long coastline. There are various hill stations in the Western Ghats
and the Sahyadri mountain range. With its deep woods,
Maharashtra's Vidarbha region is home to various wildlife
Keywords—Cultural tourism ,Sustainable development sanctuaries and environment parks. Historic cave temples, unspoilt
beaches, ancient forts and monuments, woods and wildlife, unique
I. INTRODUCTION hill stations, pilgrimage centres, and a long legacy of festivals, art,
Tourism and culture abound throughout Maharashtra
Tourism represents the movement of people from one destination to
another destination which is an economic, social and cultural II STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
phenomenon. It is a temporary movement of people to an outside It has been determined that the most of the study carried out on
destination or place. (prof yogesh hole, 2019) cultural tourism only few aspects are considered and focused on
development of infrastructure. The policy and strategies by the
Cultural tourism government is not analyzed in the previous study which substantial
According to the definition adopted by the UNWTO General part has to consider.
Assembly, at its 22nd session (2017), Cultural Tourism implies “A However, the concern about to utilize the fullest potential of cultural
type of tourism activity in which the visitor’s essential motivation is tourism. And to focused on traditions, culture and tourism of the
to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and region and relationship is developed between them. So there is need
intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination. to conserve the culture, traditions of the region and use it for
These attractions/products relate to a set of distinctive material, economic, social benefit of the society and local community
intellectual, spiritual and emotional features of a society that development.
encompasses arts and architecture, historical and cultural heritage, Hence the study pursued to significantly provided a various
culinary heritage, literature, music, creative industries and the living cultural and traditional aspects of the region and analysis of the need
cultures with their lifestyles, value systems, beliefs and traditions”. for sustainable development policies for cultural tourism for the
region. Further significant solutions will be provided for the
sustainable development of cultural tourism which will be

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ISSN: 2278-0181
NCA - 2022 Conference Proceedings

contributed in formulating strategies, policies and government to Sathmari, Jaiyprabha Studio, Keshavrao Bhosale Natyagruha,
comprehend and implement it that are appropriate for growth and Panchaganga Many sights in the district are worth seeing, including
sustainable development of the region. Vishalgad fort, Bhudargad fort, Rangana fort, Masai Caverns,
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Mahadev temple at Aare, birthplace of Chh. Shahu Maharaj–Laxmi
• To explore the culture and traditions of the region for Vilas Palace, Panahala, Pavangad, Masai caves, Panhala-
sustainable development. Pavankhinda marg, Pargad at Chandgad, Gandharvagad,
• To relate culture, traditions and tourism for social,
economical development of community.
B. Museums
• To analyze ,can the cultural tourism could contribute in
reviving the regional economy The different museums of ancient relics, Weapons, objects,
Paintings, Literature and Life story of Chh. Shahu Maharaj such as
II LITERATURE REVIEW Town Hall – Ancient relics from Kolhapur and art.
New Palace – Weapons, objects, etc from house of Chh. Shahu
cultural heritage can become an element capable of causing benefits
Suryakant Mandre Kaladalan – Paintings of Suryakant Mandre.
for the development of societies, the relationship with tourism being
V. S Khandekar – Literature, awards of V. S Khandekar
the most often used to achieve this goal. Thus, cultural tourism
G Kamble Dalan - Paintings by G Kamble.
becomes an vital strategic feasibility for tourism development. This
Birth Place Chh. Shahu - Life story of Chh. Shahu Maharaj.
type of tourism may decrease the seasonality of the sector and
There are a lot of statues, articles, stone inscriptions, documents
favour the opening to new markets. (José Álvarez-García, 2019)
from Archives available in Kolhapur. Also, the Shahu Mill can
The traditional market functions as a regional distribution center
become a centre to conserve the social and cultural fabric of
(Hsieh & Chang, 2006; Timothy & Wall, 1997). The regional
Kolhapur. These museums show case the social -cultural and
festivals and events contribute to reviving regional economies with
traditional lifestyle of the city
the help of the local and national governments. However, the
strategy can be implemented to revive regional economies by C. Kolhapuri Arts
accessing cultural tourism resources by adopting Korean model.
Kalanagari is another name for Kolhapur. In these places, the
(Woohyoung Kim, 2013)
monarchs sponsored a variety of cultural activities and sports.
If the different events in the city are combine it will be effective and
Several cultural traditions of these communities can be traced back
urban regeneration strategies, which can benefit to attract short-term
to the past. In some ways, the towns' deep ties to historical cultural
attention to the city simultaneously new cultural facilities are being
traditions have helped to foster a distinct 'cultural identity' among its
settled to increase the “real cultural capital” base of the city in the
residents. In his kingdom of Kolhapur, Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj
long term (Richards, 2001), (LIU, 2014)
promoted the development of fine arts such as music, theatre, and
II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KOLHAPUR painting. In 1883, the 'Kolhapur Gayan Samaj' was created in
Kolhapur. Deval Club, on the other hand, was founded in Kolhapur
Kolhapur is located on the Brahmapuri branch of the Panchganga in 1892. In the twentieth century, the 'Deval Club,' where classical
River. Dakshin Kashi is another name for it. Kolhapur was music was taught, played an essential role in the history of Indian
controlled by a number of dynasties, ranging from the Maurya to the classical singing. The Deval club perpetuated the tradition of earlier
Bahamani dynasty. Shivaji Maharaj's rule was continued by Shivaji masters such as Alladiya Khan, Manji Khan, Bhaskar Buva
Maharaj's successors. Shahu Chhatrapati reigned from 1922 to 1922. Bhakhale, Nivruttibuva Samaik, and Govindrao Tembe Shankarao
His rule is significant in Kolhapur's social, educational, and cultural Samaik during the post-independence period.
history. He laid the groundwork for Kolhapur's socioeconomic
development. And passionate promotion of educational programs Abalal Rehman, Baba Gajbar, Baburao Painter, Dattoba Dalvi,
aiming at achieving social equality, justice, and universal primary Ravindera Mestri, Chantrakant Mandre, and Madhavrao Bagal were
education, as well as the emergence of the boarding movement by among the painters who gave Kolhapur its distinct painting tradition.
disseminating education across various communities. Many
theatrical companies were patronized by Chh.Shahu, and Shahu Three arts schools, namely the Siddharta Art Education Society's
employed the Tamasha, a type of folk art, to disseminate the School of Arts, Kalaniketan mid Kalamandir, and Kalaniketan mid
Satyashodhak philosophy Kalamandir, have preserved the tradition in the post-independence
A. Cultural developments in Kolhapur period.

During the reign of Chh.Shahu Maharaj, Kolhapur gained D. Gold and silver Jewellery
prominence in social, educational, and cultural history. It is well- The jewellery industry in Kolhapur has been around for over a
known for its arts, education, industry, sports, gastronomy, century.Because of His Highness' initiative, traditional jewellery
footwear, jewellery, religions, and, most notably, wrestling. began in Kolhapur. „Chatrapati Shahu Maharaj is the name of the
Maharaj of Chatrapati Shahu. With a total of 247 jewellers and gold
The temples of Kolhapur district are well-known. smiths shops in 1926, gold and silver smithy was the "only one
The Mahalaxmi temple, which is one of the'shakthi peethas' and has substantial industry in the city." During the period under
religious significance, is the main attraction for Hindu worshippers. consideration, the expansion and concentration of the silver
It was created in the Hemadpanthi style and has architectural ornament production business in Hupari was a significant event in
significance. Jyotiba temple is a short distance away. Other adjacent Kolhapur state's industrial history. Krishnaji Ramchandra Potdar
temples such as Khidrapur, sangshi, Beed-Aare, and Vithal Mandir established the first silver decoration workshop in Hupari in 1904.
date from the Mahalaxmi era. Pavandara Caves, Jain Bastis, Muslim Potdar worked for the Kolhapur Darbar, making jewellery for the
shrines such as Babu Jamal Darga, and churches add to Kolhapur's royal horses and elephants. The silverwork industry in Hupari began
religious prominence. as a handicraft industry that was carried out solely at the artisans'
There are numerous historical and ancient monuments in the area. homes. After a few years, the jewellery company slowly
In Kolhapur, there are Juna Rajwada (Old Palace), Nava Rajwada grew.Because Kolhapur is a district centre, many people come here
(New Palace), Shalini Palace, Town Hall, Bindu chowk tatbandhi, to shop for jewellery. In 1955, the jewellers formed the "Kolhapur
Dhunyachya chavya at Rankala, Panyacha Khajina at Kalamba, Saraf Vypari Sangh," which stands for "Kolhapur Saraf Vypari

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Special Issue - 2022 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCA - 2022 Conference Proceedings

Sangh." The jewellery industry in the Kolhapur district has thrived sugar and jaggery are exported via train. Kolhapur had established
since 1955. itself as a significant jaggery market in south India.
• Famous jewellery shops can be found in many areas of Kolhapur,
including Shivaji Peth and other locations, Bhaushingaji
Raod,Rajarampuri, and Station Road. Gujari is the oldest town and
is known for its traditional jewellery making. This work is carried
out by a large number of artists and craftspeople. The inside design
of the jewellery store is traditional, with Indian sitting and a low
cash register (padhi). Traditional gold and silver jewellery is made
by a large number of artisans and craftsmen. Kolhapuri saaz,
Kolhapuri rani haar, Kolhapuri thushi, and other traditional
Kolhapur gold jewellery can be found (sutar, october 2020 Liquid Jag Jaggery Dhep Gurhal Chul
(figure 2 kolhapuri jaggery)

G. Blanket making
• Another important article was the cumblee (blanket). This
was old locally manufacturing of blanket
• was an essential article to the farmers, labourers and other
lower classes and was mostly used by the lower classes.
and was mostly used by them. Cumblees were largely
made in villages, but the towns of Shirol, Kolhapur, and
Vadgoan were also important cumblee-making centres.
For the growth of villages and the upliftment of local
(figure .1 kolhapuri saaz) people engaged in those operations, it is necessary to
promote the manufacture of such products
E. Handicraft Centres • Pottery work gain importance in Kolhapur State. As per
history there were about 1,505 potter’s kilns situated in
Many traditional crafts were practiced by hereditary artisan castes
261 different places distributed throughout the state.
who received customary shares of village produce, often
Pottery work mostly done by the Kumbhars
supplemented by rent-free land and cash payments. The historical
• Kolhapur state had many other artisans manufacturing
evidences have listed twenty industries worth the name existing in
handicraft products.metalwork, lacquer work, bangdi-
Kolhapur territory. There was a trend toward regional
making, carpenters, goldsmiths and Jingars or Saddlers.
manufacturing.
Traditional small scale and handicraft • Goldsmiths were situated in all market towns and large
Industry continued to exist side by side with modem large scale villages.As per historical marks there were large number
of families of Goldsmiths and some goldsmiths of
industry. Small sale concerns engaged in handloom weaving, silver
and gold work, black smithy, oil crushing, brick and tile making, Kolhapur city were employed by capitalists.
carpentry, leather working,tanning, and fibre working had come to • Jingurs or saddle-makers were also an important artisan
be centred in certain settlements given below. community in Kolhapur. The demand for saddles had
Handloom Weaving - Ichalkaranji, Kolhapur, Vadgoan, dropped extremely in later period .
Kagal,Kodoli • cane and coir work is other handicrafts and confectionary,
Brick Tile and Pottery - Kolhapur, Hupari, Kagal bamboo work, performers, patwegars and tailors.Thus, the
Carpentry - Kolhapur, Ichalkaranji, Ajara traditional small-scale industries overcame in the towns of
Leather Working - Kolhapur, Ichalkaranji, Ajara Kolhapur in old days. The industries were organized in the
Fibre Working - Kabnur, Vadgaon, Hupari and Kodoli household or in small factories.The skilled are required for
Blacksmithy - Kolhapur all the manufactured articles made in the towns
Silver and Goldsmithy - Hupari, Kolhapur, Kagal H. Kolhapuri Chappal
Oil crashing - Vadgoan, Kodoli
Tanning - Kolhapur, Vadgaon, Ichalkaranji Kolhapur is also known for its cottage leather industry which
Bidi making - Kolhapur Jaisingpur and Ichalkaranji comprises of tanning and leatherware. Kohapur also know for
chappal has gained the importance worldwide.
Kolhapuri Chappal (footwear from Kolhapur) is traditional
handicraft product which is recognized in national and international
F. Kolhapuri Jaggery market. Local people are engaged in this work and it has created
The economy of Kolhapur is supported by the cultivation of employment to local people.
sugarcane which is used in large amount in the production of the
famous Kolhapuri Jaggery.
The place where jaggery is made is called Gurahla. Despite the fact
that jaggery was the state's main export, there was no wholesale
market for it until the first decade of the twentieth century. In
Shahupuri, Kolhapur city, near the railway station, Shahu
Chhatrapati developed a wholesale market for jaggery and
groundnut selling. The jaggery market in Shahupuri, which had just
opened, preferred open auctions or competitive bidding, and so
became popular among jaggery producers. From Kolhapur station,
(figure 3 kolhapuri chappal)

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I. Kusti and Talim’s Other important Akharas in the city include Motibag Akhara,
Shahupuri Akhara, wrestlers from around the country come here to
learn wrestling. And talims such as Gangavesh talim,Tatakadil talim
,Bavdekar talim, Babujamal Bara Imam talim and sardar talim.
These traditional games should be encouraged and conserved the
culture of games in talims for social -cultural development of the
city. So there is need to encouraged and conserved the culture of
traditional games in talims for social -cultural development of the
city.
figure 4 Timeline of Kusthi culture in Kolhapur city.

Wrestling has historical significance in Kolhapur since Chh. Shahu

and his successor Chh. Rajaram patronised the talims and akhadas in
the city. Wrestling is referred "Kusti" in Marathi language and
wrestlers are known as "Malla". Kolhapur is pilgrimage centre for
the wrestlers known as ‘Kusti Pandhari’.The talims and akhadas are
ancient indigenous institutions for training athletes and wrestlers.
There are many Akhada in Kolhapur region were these wrestlers are
practice from which one of the well knows and famous one is
Gangavesh Talim. Chh. Shahu had constructed the famous ‘Khasbag
Maidan’ for ‘kusti phads’ to arrange wrestling tournaments.

(map 1 Talim and talim mandals and mandals located across the
larger city extents.
Kridanagari (city of sports)
The rulers of the erstwhile princely state of Kolhapur encouraged
traditional sports among their citizens: wrestling and ‘mardani khel’
(manly sport) using the traditional Maratha weapons of‘phirigadaga’
figure 5 Khasbagh Kushti Maidan ‘dandpatta’ ‘vita’, ‘jambiya’,‘bana’,
the Kolhapur maharajas were particularly fond sport of ‘wrestling’
The Raja of Kurundwad was also a patron of wrestlers.It was or ‘kusti’.
Khasbag Maidan were Wrestler Satpal, who is immortalised in local The Talims which were originally founded for training wrestlers and
history, won the previous Rustpm-i-Bharat championship. athletes in ‘ mardani khel’ (manly sports) shifted their focus to other
Kashaba Jadhav won bronze medal in Olympics of 1952 which games like football in the latter half of twentieth century.
immortalized the name of Kolhapur, as it remained the only In Kolhapur's football tradition, the first football club, known as the
individual medal won by an Indian for a long period. Still wrestling 'Jamdar Club,' was founded in 1930. Shahaji Maharaj, the
events are held in Kolhapur Chhatrapati of Kolhapur, formed the Dewas Yuvraj Club, a football
Though the Talims which were formed mainly for training wrestlers club. Some talim mandals formed their own football teams after the
and athletes in ‘ mardani khel’ (manly sports) .Talims are one of 1960s. In the city, local and large tournaments are now held.
those few places in Kolhapur where people of different castes are Along with other games the importance of traditional games should
treated equally. The talims were centres to promotes fitness, moral be increased and encouraged for community and social development
values, wrestling spirit, sense of unity still exists in the city of of the region.
Kolhapur.
It has been a major part of the city’s culture and history. The Urbanization in Kolhapur district during 1950 2000 A historical
importance of talim was primarily for promoting wrestling sport, perspective
ethical living, encouraging mardani khel, providing a place for Chitranagari (city of films)
warriors. The tradition of drama inherited by Kolhapur from the famous
Keshavrao Bhosale. Chh.Shahu patronized many drama companies.
He encouraged Keshavrao Bhosale (1890-1921A.D.), a famous
singer and actor, he founded Lalit Kaladarsha Mandali. Keshavrao
Bhosale continued and preserved by institution like ‘Deval Club’, ‘
Abhiruchi’ and ‘Pratyay’ during the 1950-2000 period.
The orgin of marathi cinema is in Kolhapur. The foundation of
Kolhapur film industry was laid down by Baburao Painter’s
Sairandhri produced, by Maharashtra Film Company, in 1920 (patil,
2002).He was known as Kalamaharshi. The famous Prabhat Film
Company was also established in Kolhapur.The work done in
Marathi films by the Pendharkar brothers,Sulochana, Chadrakant
and Suryakant Mandre,and many others kept alive the art of film
(figure 6 Gangavesh Talims or Akhara making in Kolhapur. the early 1980s this glorious tradition of film-

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Special Issue - 2022 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCA - 2022 Conference Proceedings

making was sought to be resurrected in the city by setting up a Bhanids and Gondhals
Chitranagari at Kolhapur. There is need create, display and Bharuds and Gondhals, both of religious nature, were also the
documentation of work done in the field of film making and Marathi traditional avenues of entertainment.
cinema reach to various level.The culture of marathi cineama and The other culture like sasan kati ,lezim,halgi and dhol were also
flim making is heritage of the region which needs to utilize for the practice as tradition and culture of the region.
development of the region.
III CONCLUSION
Sahityanagari (city of literature) The region have historical,cultural background and have different
Kolhapur was home to the great Marathi litterateurs V.S. Khandekar traditions,culture.In past few years these tradition and culture is
and N.S.Phadke. V.S. Khandekar who began there literary career in declining and potential is not utilized.Different festivals, cultural
1923 was the first Marathi writer to win the Gyanpeeth award for his events are part of the city traditions.
novel ‘Yayati.In the post- Independence period, the three brothers After studying various the traditions and culture of the region,it is
G.D. Madgulkar, Vyankatesh Madgulkar and Ambadas Madgulkar analyzed that events,festivals ,art and crafts needs to conserve and
wrote their novels in Kolhapur. Ranajit Desai, the famous Marathi can be utilized for development of society. It is observed that the
novelist was educated in Kolhapur and wrote many novels like spaces and the culture associated with the city play a major role in
Swami), Radheya , Samidha , Shriman Yogi and Bari . Another celebration of culture, landmarks culturally significant helps one to
writer of Kolhapur who made a lasting impact on Marathi literature analyse the sociality within the context.
was Shivajirao Savant.His Mrutyunjay and Chawa became very The talims and mandals a very crucial aspect of Social equity lies
popular.And other writers continue but because of this strong within the people of this city where we see on occasion of festivals
literary tradition Kolhapur hosted the 65th Akil Bhartiya Marathi and cultural events. These mandals and talims also helps in allowing
Sahitya Sammelan in 1992. So considering the contribution of great social interaction within communities and tries to keep the nature of
Marathi litterateurs there is need to conserve their work and create sociability and social equity very strong.
awareness about marathi sahitya in the region.The visitor coming to The past history has evidences that the traditions, culture were
Kolhapur should be also get glance of their work so that it can reach source of economy generation.so cultural tourism can be used as a
to other parts of the country. catalyst to revive the regional economies by attracting domestic as
well as foreign tourists.
The maintenance of heritage ,customs,historical momuments,
festivities, ceremonies can have cultural exchange between the local
people and visitors will help in creating a positive image of the city.
Cultural tourism have potential for regional development.The
importance of cultural tourism in local people to improve quality life
of the people.
The various arts,crafts and traditional business can be explore and
can provide market which will
provides leisure and cultural space for residents in the area, which
will revive the regional economy, and that the traditional market can
attracts tourists by providing them regional specialty and market
opportunity to local people.
Government can focus on cultural tourism and provide cultural
experience and places can be developed for which will support
tourism and growth of regional market of traditional product that has
potential.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Powada (Ballads) THE PREFERRED SPELLING OF THE WORD
Kolhapur also had a ‘Shahir’ tradition. Powada, a Ballad form, is a “ACKNOWLEDGMENT” IN AMERICA IS WITHOUT AN “E” AFTER
folk form of entertainment based on socio-political events. Also THE “G.” AVOID THE
known as Shahiri a very popular during the Peshawa period and was
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