5.

Implement a java program to illustrate the use of different types of character extraction, string
comparison, string search and string modification methods.

public class ArrayListDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Implementing Java program to illustrate different
types of string operations.\n");

// Section 1: Character Extraction Methods

System.out.println("1. Implementation of character extraction methods:");
charAtExample();
substringExample();
toCharArrayExample();
System.out.println();

// Section 2: String Comparison Methods

System.out.println("2. Implementation of String comparison methods:");
equalsExample();
regionMatchesExample();
startsWithEndsWithExample();
equalsVsEqualsOperator();
compareToExample();
System.out.println();

// Section 3: Searching a String

System.out.println("3. Implementation of searching a string:");
indexOfExample();
System.out.println();

// Section 4: Modifying a String

System.out.println("4. Implementation of modifying a string:");
substringExample();
concatExample();
replaceExample();
trimExample();
}

// Section 1: Character Extraction Methods

public static void charAtExample() {
// Example of charAt()
String str = "Hello, World!";
char charAtIndex4 = str.charAt(4);
String substringFrom10To12 = str.substring(10, 13); // Note: endIndex is
exclusive

System.out.println("Character at index 4 in \"" + str + "\": " +

charAtIndex4);
System.out.println("Characters extracted from index 10 to 12: " +
substringFrom10To12);
}

public static void substringExample() {

// Example of substring()
String str = "This is a test. This is, too.";
String search = "is";
String replace = "was";
 String result = "";
int index;

System.out.println("Example of substring():");
do {
System.out.println(str);
index = str.indexOf(search);
if (index != -1) {
result = str.substring(0, index);
result = result + replace;
result = result + str.substring(index + search.length());
str = result;
}
} while (index != -1);
System.out.println();
}

public static void toCharArrayExample() {

// Example of toCharArray()
String str = "Hello";
char[] charArray = str.toCharArray();

System.out.print("Character array for \"" + str + "\": ");

for (char ch : charArray) {
System.out.print(ch + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}

// Section 2: String Comparison Methods

public static void equalsExample() {
// Example of equals() and equalsIgnoreCase()
String s1 = "Hello";
String s2 = "Hello";
String s3 = "Good-bye";
String s4 = "HELLO";

System.out.println("a) Example of equals() and equalsIgnoreCase()");

System.out.println(s1 + " equals " + s2 + " -> " + s1.equals(s2));
System.out.println(s1 + " equals " + s3 + " -> " + s1.equals(s3));
System.out.println(s1 + " equals " + s4 + " -> " + s1.equals(s4));
System.out.println(s1 + " equalsIgnoreCase " + s4 + " -> " +
s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s4));
System.out.println();
}

public static void regionMatchesExample() {

// Example of regionMatches()
String str1 = "Hello, World!";
String str2 = "World";
boolean regionMatches = str1.regionMatches(true, 7, str2, 0, 5); // Ignore
case, from index 7, compare with str2 from index 0 for 5 characters

System.out.println("b) Example of regionMatches()");

System.out.println("Region matches from index 7: " + regionMatches);
System.out.println();
}

public static void startsWithEndsWithExample() {

 // Example of startsWith() and endsWith()
String str = "Hello, World!";

System.out.println("c) Example of startsWith() and endsWith()");

System.out.println("Starts with \"Hello\": " + str.startsWith("Hello"));
System.out.println("Ends with \"World!\": " + str.endsWith("World!"));
System.out.println();
}

public static void equalsVsEqualsOperator() {

// Example of equals() vs ==
String s1 = "Hello";
String s2 = new String(s1);

System.out.println("d) Example of equals() vs ==");

System.out.println(s1 + " equals " + s2 + " -> " + s1.equals(s2));
System.out.println(s1 + " == " + s2 + " -> " + (s1 == s2));
System.out.println();
}

public static void compareToExample() {

// Example of compareTo()
String[] arr = { "Now", "is", "the", "time", "for", "all", "good", "men",
"to", "come", "to", "the", "aid", "of", "their", "country" };
bubbleSort(arr);

System.out.println("e) Example of compareTo()");

System.out.println("Sorted array:");
for (String str : arr) {
System.out.print(str + " ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
}

// Bubble sort for compareTo() demonstration

public static void bubbleSort(String[] arr) {
int n = arr.length;
String temp;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j < (n - i); j++) {
if (arr[j - 1].compareTo(arr[j]) > 0) {
temp = arr[j - 1];
arr[j - 1] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}

// Section 3: Searching a String

public static void indexOfExample() {
// Example of indexOf() and lastIndexOf()
String s = "Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their
country.";

System.out.println("Example of indexOf() and lastIndexOf():");

System.out.println("First index of \"Java\": " + s.indexOf("Java"));
 System.out.println("Last index of \"Java\": " + s.lastIndexOf("Java"));
System.out.println();
}

// Section 4: Modifying a String

public static void concatExample() {
// Example of concat()
String s1 = "Hello";
String s2 = s1.concat(" World");

System.out.println("a) Example of concat()");

System.out.println("Concatenated string: " + s2);
System.out.println();
}

public static void replaceExample() {

// Example of replace()
String s = "Hello".replace('l', 'w');

System.out.println("b) Example of replace()");

System.out.println("Replaced string: " + s);
System.out.println();
}

public static void trimExample() {

// Example of trim()
String s = " Hello World ".trim();

System.out.println("c) Example of trim()");

System.out.println("Trimmed string: \"" + s + "\"");
System.out.println();
}
}

Output:

Implementing Java program to illustrate different types of string operations.

1. Implementation of character extraction methods:

Character at index 4 in "Hello, World!": o
Characters extracted from index 10 to 12: ld!
Example of substring():
This is a test. This is, too.
Thwas is a test. This is, too.
Thwas was a test. This is, too.
Thwas was a test. Thwas is, too.
Thwas was a test. Thwas was, too.

Character array for "Hello": H e l l o

2. Implementation of String comparison methods:

a) Example of equals() and equalsIgnoreCase()
Hello equals Hello -> true
Hello equals Good-bye -> false
Hello equals HELLO -> false
Hello equalsIgnoreCase HELLO -> true
b) Example of regionMatches()
Region matches from index 7: true

c) Example of startsWith() and endsWith()

Starts with "Hello": true
Ends with "World!": true

d) Example of equals() vs ==
Hello equals Hello -> true
Hello == Hello -> false

e) Example of compareTo()
Sorted array:
Now aid all come country for good is men of the the their time to to

3. Implementation of searching a string:

Example of indexOf() and lastIndexOf():
First index of "Java": -1
Last index of "Java": -1

4. Implementation of modifying a string:

Example of substring():
This is a test. This is, too.
Thwas is a test. This is, too.
Thwas was a test. This is, too.
Thwas was a test. Thwas is, too.
Thwas was a test. Thwas was, too.

a) Example of concat()
Concatenated string: Hello World

b) Example of replace()
Replaced string: Hewwo

c) Example of trim()
Trimmed string: "Hello World"

6. Implement a java program to illustrate the use of different types of StringBuffer methods
public class StrinBufferDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// A. length() and capacity()
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Hello");
System.out.println("A. length() and capacity()");
System.out.println("Initial buffer: " + sb);
System.out.println("Length: " + sb.length());
System.out.println("Capacity: " + sb.capacity());
System.out.println();

// B. ensureCapacity()
sb.ensureCapacity(30);
System.out.println("B. ensureCapacity()");
 System.out.println("Updated capacity after ensureCapacity(30): " +
sb.capacity());
System.out.println();

// C. setLength()
sb.setLength(2);
System.out.println("C. setLength()");
System.out.println("Buffer after setLength(2): " + sb);
System.out.println();

// D. charAt() and setCharAt()

System.out.println("D. charAt() and setCharAt()");
System.out.println("Character at index 1: " + sb.charAt(1));
sb.setCharAt(1, 'i');
System.out.println("Buffer after setting charAt(1) to 'i': " + sb);
System.out.println();

// E. getChars()
char[] target = new char[5];
sb.getChars(0, 2, target, 0);
System.out.println("E. getChars()");
System.out.print("Characters copied into target array: ");
System.out.println(target);
System.out.println();

// F. append()
sb.append(" World!");
System.out.println("F. append()");
System.out.println("Buffer after append: " + sb);
System.out.println();

// G. insert()
sb.insert(6, "Beautiful ");
System.out.println("G. insert()");
System.out.println("Buffer after insert: " + sb);
System.out.println();

// H. reverse()
sb.reverse();
System.out.println("H. reverse()");
System.out.println("Reversed buffer: " + sb);
System.out.println();

// I. delete() and deleteCharAt()

sb.delete(8, 17);
System.out.println("I. delete() and deleteCharAt()");
System.out.println("Buffer after delete(8, 17): " + sb);
sb.deleteCharAt(0);
System.out.println("Buffer after deleteCharAt(0): " + sb);
System.out.println();

// J. replace()
sb.replace(5, 9, "was");
System.out.println("J. replace()");
System.out.println("Buffer after replace(5, 9, \"was\"): " + sb);
System.out.println();

// K. substring()
String substring = sb.substring(5);
 System.out.println("K. substring()");
System.out.println("Substring from index 5: " + substring);
}
}

Output:

A. length() and capacity()

Initial buffer: Hello

Length: 5

Capacity: 21

B. ensureCapacity()

Updated capacity after ensureCapacity(30): 30

C. setLength()

Buffer after setLength(2): He

D. charAt() and setCharAt()

Character at index 1: e

Buffer after setting charAt(1) to 'i': Hi

E. getChars()

Characters copied into target array: Hi

F. append()

Buffer after append: Hi World!

G. insert()

Buffer after insert: Hi Beautiful World!

H. reverse()

Reversed buffer: !dlroW lufituaeB iH

I. delete() and deleteCharAt()

Buffer after delete(8, 17): lufituaeB iH

Buffer after deleteCharAt(0): ufituaeB iH

J. replace()

Buffer after replace(5, 9, "was"): ufitwasB iH

K. substring()

Substring from index 5: asB Ih

7 Demonstrate a swing event handling application that creates 2 buttons Alpha and Beta and
displays the text “Alpha pressed” when alpha button is clicked and “Beta pressed” when beta
button is clicked.

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class EventDemo {

JLabel jlab;

public EventDemo() {

// Create a new JFrame container.

JFrame jfrm = new JFrame("An Event Example");

// Specify FlowLayout for the layout manager.

jfrm.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

// Give the frame an initial size.

jfrm.setSize(220, 90);

// Terminate the program when the user closes the application.

jfrm.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
// Make two buttons.

JButton jbtnAlpha = new JButton("Alpha");

JButton jbtnBeta = new JButton("Beta");

// Add action listener for Alpha.

jbtnAlpha.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

jlab.setText("Alpha was pressed.");

});

// Add action listener for Beta.

jbtnBeta.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

jlab.setText("Beta was pressed.");

});

// Add the buttons to the content pane.

jfrm.add(jbtnAlpha);

jfrm.add(jbtnBeta);

// Create a text-based label.

jlab = new JLabel("Press a button.");

// Add the label to the content pane.

jfrm.add(jlab);

// Display the frame.

jfrm.setVisible(true);
 }

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create the frame on the event dispatching thread.

SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

new EventDemo();

});

Output:
8. A program to display greeting message on the browser “Hello UserName”, “How Are You?”,
accept username from the client using servlet.