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Matrix

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20 views20 pages

Matrix

Uploaded by

Allen Jasper Wenceslao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATRICES

ENGR. JAY NADZ G. LIBARDO


PLANT SUPERVISOR & PART TIME INSTRUCTOR
ADVANCE MATHEMATICS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
MATRIX
• A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged
in rows and columns
• The individual items in a matrix are called its elements or entries. Matrices are
used extensively in various fields of mathematics, physics, engineering,
computer science, economics, and statistics, among others
• Matrices are used in various applications including:
Solving systems of linear equations, Computer graphics and image processing,
Quantum mechanics, Economics and financial modeling, Engineering simulations
and Machine learning and data analysis
• Here is an example of a matrix:

In this example:
• The matrix A has 3 rows and 3 columns, making it a 3x3 (3 by 3) matrix
• The element in the first row and second column is 2, denoted as a(1,2)=2
Types of Matrices
1. Row Matrix: A matrix with only one row

2. Column Matrix: A matrix with only one column

3. Square Matrix: A matrix with the same number of rows and columns (e.g.,
3x3, 4x4)
4. Diagonal Matrix: A square matrix in which all the elements outside the main
diagonal are zero

5. Identity Matrix: A diagonal matrix where all the elements on the main
diagonal are 1

6. Zero Matrix: A matrix in which all the elements are zero


Matrix Operations
1. Addition: Matrices of the same dimension can be added by adding their
corresponding elements. Matrices of different sizes cannot be added

2. Subtraction: Similar to addition, matrices of the same dimension can be


subtracted by subtracting their corresponding elements
3. Scalar Multiplication: A matrix can be multiplied by a scalar (a single
number) by multiplying every element of the matrix by that scalar
4. Matrix Multiplication: Two matrices can be multiplied if the number of
columns in the first matrix is equal to the number of rows in the second matrix.
The element at row i, column j of the resulting matrix is the dot product of the ith
row of the first matrix and the jth column of the second matrix

5. Transpose: The transpose of a matrix is obtained by swapping its rows with


its columns
6. Determinant: A scalar value that can be computed from the elements of a
square matrix and provides important properties of the matrix

7. Inverse: A square matrix has an inverse if there is another matrix that, when
multiplied with the original, yields the identity matrix
Example 1: Solve the system of linear equations using matrices

1. Rewrite into matrix form

2. Formulas for solution


𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴
Inverse of A =
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴
3. Solving for Determinant of A

4. Solving for the Adjoint of A


Adjoint of A = Transpose of Cofactor Matrix
5. Solving for the Cofactor Matrix
5. Solving for the Adjoint of A = Transpose of Cofactor Matrix

6. Solving for the Inverse of A


7. Solving for the value of x
Gauss elimination
• also known as Gaussian elimination, is a method for solving linear systems of
equations
• It transforms a given system into an equivalent upper triangular form, from
which the solutions can be easily found through back substitution
Example 1: Solve the system of linear equations using Gauss Elimination

1. Rewrite into matrix form

2. Use back substitution


3. Solve for the value of unknowns

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