Senior High School

PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 1
Nature of Inquiry and
Research

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Practical Research – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Compiler/ : Dr. Rosalie L. Ohayas, SHS-MT-1, Pit-os National HS
Contextualizer

Editors/Reviewers : John Paul Lisondato – SEPs, SGOD

: Alice Ganar, OIC -PSDS SD8/SHS Assisting
: Dr. Gilda Salvo, MT1-Apas NHS
: Daisy Von Dy, MT1-CC Don Carlos Gothong MNHS
: Cirila Malalay , MT-1-CC Don Carlos Gothong MNHS
: Florinda Geyrozaga, MT-1-CC Don Carlos Gothong
MNHS
Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud , Schools Division Superintendent
: Dr. Danilo G. Gudelosao, Asst. Schools Div. Superintendent
: Grecia F. Bataluna , Chief-Curriculum Implementation Div.
: Luis O. Derasin , EPS-Araling Panlipunan/SHS Coordinator
: Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS - LRMDS

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Office Address : New Imus Ave., Barangay Day-as Cebu City
Telefax : 255-1516
E-mail Address :[email protected]

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Practical Research 1 for Grade 11 Learners, a

Contextualized Module on Nature of Inquiry and Research

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by
the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time.
Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st
century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the materials in the main text, you will also see this box
in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 1, a Contextualized Module 1 on the

Nature of Inquiry and Research.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace
and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning
resource while being an active learner.

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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the nature of practical research 1. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – The Importance of Research in Daily Life
• Lesson 2 – Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
• Lesson 3 – Qualitative and Qualitative Research and
Kinds of Research Across Fields
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills

Know or competencies you are expected to
learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that

aims to check what you already know
about the lesson to take. If you get all
the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help

you link the current lesson with the
previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways
such as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a
situation.

What is It This section provides a brief

discussion of the lesson. This aims to
help you discover and understand
new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for

independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.

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 What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which

will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate

your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge
or skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities

in the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in
mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
You can do it!

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 FIRST QUARTER
MODULE 1 – WEEK 1
Nature of Inquiry and Research

Content Standard : The learner demonstrates understanding of the

importance of research in daily life; the
characteristics, processes, and ethics of research;
and the kinds of research across fields.

Performance Standard : The learner is able to use appropriate kinds of

research in making decisions.

Learning Outcomes : Upon the completion of this unit, the learners are
expected to give some benefits of research
applicable to their daily life and cite concrete
situations where research activities have been
most helpful in improving situations.

Competency : Share research experiences and knowledge;

explain the importance of research in daily life;
describe the characteristics, processes, and ethics
of research; and provide examples of research in
areas of interest. CS_RS11-IIIa-1-5)

Topics : A. The Importance of Research in Daily Life

B. Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of
Research
C. Qualitative and Quantitative Research and
Kinds of Research Across Fields

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 What I Know

Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the best answer
in a sheet of paper.
1. What characteristics in conducting research, where all data to be
reported should include all facts with accuracy.
A. responsibility C. care
B. competence D. honesty

2. When doing qualitative research, the following characteristics must be

considered except?
A. quantity C. experiences
B. behavior D. feelings

3. What research characteristics that is based on valid procedures and

principles.
A. empirical C. cyclical
B. methodological D. logical

4. How do we call the do’s and don’ts of research?

A. responsibility C. rights
B. ethics D. care

5. What qualities of a researcher in which the agreement between the

participants must be followed and actualized?
A. responsibility C. legality
B. integrity D. empathy

6. When doing quantitative research may reduce to numerical scores while

qualitative is in.
A. precise hypothesis C. narrative description
B. reliability testing D. precise hypothesis

7. What traits where the researcher accepts all comments for improvements.
A. integrity C. openness
B. care D. responsibility

8. Which of the following words that are associated with the definition of
research except?
A. opinion C. facts
B. discovery D. inquiry

9. How do we call the qualities/skills should the researcher possess when

conducting a study?
A. confidentiality C. legality
B. openness D. competence

10. When doing research, any participant must not be forced to take part
in the study is known as?

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 A. voluntarism C. responsibility
B. competence D. care

11. What characteristics of research that starts with a problem and ends
with a problem?
A. Empirical C. logical
B. critical D. cyclical

12. How do you call the beliefs in doing research that deals with what is
right or wrong, proper or improper, and good or bad?
A. Ethics B. Justice
C. Beneficence D. Fairness

13. Which of the following pattern follows the ethical considerations in

conducting research?
I. Objectivity and integrity
II. Misuse of research role
III. Presentation of research findings
IV. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
V. Invading the privacy of a respondents
A. I, II, III and IV B. I, II, IV and V
C. I, II, III and V D. I, III, IV and V

14.What characteristics of research where the research design and

procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive
at valid and conclusive result?
A. cyclical C. Replicability
B. Critical D. Logical

15. Which of the following research process is correct?

I. collect data
II. Select a general problem
III. Review the literature of the problem
IV. Analyze and present or display data
V. Select a specific research problem, question, or hypothesis.
VI. Interpret the findings and state conclusion or generalization
regarding the problem.
A. I, II, III, IV, V and VI C. II, III, IV, V, I and VI
B. II, III, V, I, IV and VI D. I, II, III, IV, V and VI

Lesson The Importance of Research in

1 Daily Life

What I Need to Know

Research is a delightful way to discover valuable learnings and skills.

Through this subject, you will develop your abilities in establishing

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connections, listening, and observing, as the primary elements needed in the
qualitative research process. Oftentimes upon knowing that you are going to
engage in research, immediately I see the worries and uncertainty sketched
in your faces but as you go along, this will be replaced with confidence. You
will discover how much fun it is to do research as you eagerly learn new
things and develop a new and better perspective about it.

In this imperfect world that we live in, there is so much to be

improved like in school, family, community or in the society. We sometimes
do things through common sense but sometimes it is not the best way to do
things instead a research-based approach is needed.

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

• share research experiences and knowledge, and

• explain the importance of research in daily life

According to Drayton & Falk (2001), the following are some of the
characteristics of inquiry-based learning:
• Inquiry is in the form of authentic (real-life) problems within the
context of the curriculum and/or community;
• The inquiry capitalizes on student curiosity;
• Data and information are actively used, interpreted, refined,
digested and discussed;
• Community and society are connected with the inquiry; and
• Students take ownership of their learning.

What’s In

Research is important when you know how to make sense of it. It helps
you to make a good decision making as a result of your experiences in life.
How do inquiry and research facilitate in finding solutions to real-life problems
and develop critical thinking skills and lifelong learning?

Reflective Writing

Write your opinion and reflection based on the given issue. You may write
your views on a piece of paper.
Hot Issue Experience Reflections

“Get vaccinated”, Stay at

Home,

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 What is It

Find Me!

Write the word(s) that are associated with the meaning of research. Use a
separate paper for your answers.

Interview explore facts discover

collection presentation insights data
experiences phenomena analyze inquire
look for investigate biases considerate

What I Have Learned

The lesson provides me an opportunity to determine the importance of

research in my daily life and strengthen decision-making as a learner.

What I Can Do

Observe and Reflect!

Read the statement below and do what is asked. Write your answers on a
separate paper.

In the onset of the health crisis that we are facing right now, what
are your observations of the things that are happening? List down the
possible solutions that you can do to address them.
1.
2.
3.

Lesson Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics

2 of Research

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 What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will be able to describe the characteristics,

processes, and ethics of research.

• know the characteristics of research and the qualities of a

good researcher
• identify the components of research and its classification
• understand the process involved in conducting research
• know the obligations of a researcher to adhere to professional
standards and
• understand the importance of ethics and identify unethical
practices in conducting research.

What’s New

MEANING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which

includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines
an individual ‘s speculation with reality.

What Is It

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation
by the researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a
problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in
gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and
experimental and case study.
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner
without bias using systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated
or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and
conclusive results.
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THE RESEARCH PROCESSES:

1. Select a general problem.

2. Review the literature of the problem.
3. Select a specific research problem, question, or hypothesis.
4. Collect data.
5. Analyze and present or display data.
6. Interpret the findings and state conclusions or
generalizations regarding the problem.

The Research Process

Interpret
the
Findings Select a
and state general
Conclusion Pproblem
s or
Generaliza

Review
Analyze the
and
present Literatire
data
The Research of the
Problem
Process
Select a
specific
Collect research
Data problem,
questions, or
hypothesis

Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem

1. Researcher‘s area of interest
2. Availability of funds
3. Investigator‘s ability and training

ETHICS IN RESEARCH
Ethics generally is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right
or wrong, proper or improper, good or bad. According to a dictionary
definition (Webster‘s 1968), to be ethical is to conform to accepted
professional practice.

Ethical considerations in conducting research

1. Objectivity and integrity
2. Respect of the research subjects‘ right to privacy and dignity
and protection of subjects from personal harm
3. Presentation of research findings
4. Misuse of research role
5. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
6. Distortions of findings by sponsor 12
Unethical practices in conducting research
1. Deceiving a respondent about the true purpose of a study
2. Asking a respondent questions that cause him or her extreme
embarrassment; guilt or emotional turmoil by leaving him or her
an unpleasant experience
3. Invading the privacy of a respondent
4. Studying the respondents or research subjects without their
knowledge
5. When analyzing the data—revealing only part of the facts,
presenting facts out of context, falsifying findings or offering
misleading presentation such as lying with statistics

What’s More

Finding and analyzing a study

Read and analyze the given sample research and answer the following
questions below. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.

Selecting a strand is a crucial act to every student in such way

that they have to consider their financial status, parents and peer
suggestion, and also their self-choice in acting on it. This study
investigates whether financial status with self-choice; parents
influence with self-choice; and peer influence with self-choice are
having an association with each other in selecting a strand. 214
of students by complete enumeration answered the questionnaire
on financial status and likert-scale for parental influence, peer
influence, and self-choice and the data gathered have been
analyzed via weighted mean, frequency, chi-square and lambda
in determining their association. The result shows that the
financial status of students in school alone is inclined to self-
choice in the selection of a strand but not with parental and peers
influence. In other words, parents and peers show no significant
association with self-choice of students, though the influences of
parents and peers are noticeable.

1. What is the research all about?

2. What are the processes used in the research study?
3. Did the researcher consider the ethics in conducting research?
4. Why did you say so?

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Lets Go Further!

Write TRUE if the statement is correct, FALSE if it is incorrect.

1. Research entails an investigation of new facts leading to

the discovery of new ideas and improvements of knowledge.
2. Analytical characteristics is based on valid procedures and
principles.
3. A good research starts with a problem and ends with a
problem.
4. Selecting a research problem must be based on the
researcher’s interest.
5. Research must follow an ethical standard.

What I have Learned

This lesson provides me the idea on the characteristics, processes,

and ethical standards in conducting research.

What I Can Do

This is a fact. Many of the students enrolled in a research subject are

not able to comply the research outputs on time. This has been attributed to
the fact that they have not developed the qualities needed by a researcher.

On a separate paper, write a letter advising a researcher on what to do

in order to be able to successfully finish one’s outputs with emphasis on the
characteristics, processes, and ethics of a good research.

Lesson
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
3

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, I will be able to differentiate quantitative from

qualitative research and its philosophical assumptions.

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 What’s In

Recall on the meaning of research and remember the research

characteristics, processes and its ethical standards. Now check on the
difference between qualitative and quantitative research.

What’s New

Definition of Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative research is a type of educational research in which

the researcher decides what to study; asks specific, narrow questions;
collects quantifiable data from participants; analyzes these numbers
using statistics; and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective
manner.

Difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Research according

to Criteria
Qualitative Quantitative
Objectives • In-depth understanding • Quantification of Data
of underlying reasons • Measurement of incidence,
and motivations. etc.
Data • Non-statistical
Analysis • Contextual • Statistical
• Thematic
Outcomes • Not conclusive nor • Broad based insights
generalizable • Population based
understanding

Difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Research

according to Characteristics
Preference for precise hypothesis Preference for hypotheses that
stated at the outset emerge as the study develops
Preference for precise definitions Preference for definitions in
stated at the outset context or as study progresses
Data reduced to numerical scores Preference for narrative
description
Much attention to assessing and Preference for assuming that
improving reliability of scores reliability of inferences is
obtained from instruments adequate
Assessment of validity through a Assessment of validity through
variety of procedures with reliance crosschecking sources of
on statistical indices information (triangulation)

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 Differing Philosophical Assumptions of Quantitative and Qualitative
Researchers

Assumptions of Quantitative Assumptions of Qualitative

Researchers Researchers
There exists a reality ―out there,‖ The individuals involved in the
independent of us, waiting to be research situations construct
known. The task of science is to reality; thus, realities exist in the
discover the nature of reality and how form of multiple mental
it works constructions.
Research investigations can Research investigations produce
potentially result in accurate alternative visions of what the world
statements about the way the world is like
really is.
It is possible for the researcher to It is impossible for the researcher to
remove him- or herself—to stand stand apart from the individuals he
apart—from that which is being or she is studying.
researched.

Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research

Quantitative Methodologies Qualitative Methodologies

Preference for precise hypothesis Preference for hypotheses that emerge
stated at the outset. as study develops.
Preference for precise definitions Preference for definitions in context or
stated at the outset. as study progresses.
Data reduced to numerical scores. Preference for narrative description.
Much attention to assessing and Preference for assuming that reliability
improving reliability of scores of inferences is adequate.
obtained from instruments
Assessment of validity through a Assessment of validity through
variety of procedures with reliance crosschecking sources of information
on statistical indices. (triangulation).
Preference for random techniques Preference for expert information
for obtaining meaningful samples. (purposive) samples.
Preference for precisely describing Preference for narrative/literary
procedures. descriptions of procedures.
Preference for design or statistical Preference for logical analysis in
control of extraneous variables. controlling or accounting for
extraneous variables.
Preference for specific design Primary reliance on researcher to deal
control for procedural bias. with procedural bias.
Preference for statistical summary Preference for narrative summary of
of results. results.
Preference for breaking down Preference for holistic description of
complex phenomena into specific complex phenomena
parts for analysis.
Willingness to manipulate aspects, Unwillingness to tamper with naturally
situations, or conditions in occurring phenomena
studying complex phenomena.

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 What I Have Learned

This lesson taught me that qualitative research focuses on non-

statistics, while quantitative research is statistical in nature. Moreover, I
learned their difference as to criteria, characteristics, philosophical
assumptions and research methodologies.

What I Can Do

Let’s check!

Identifying Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Check in the box

whether the given problem/situation is a qualitative or a quantitative in
nature.

Problem/Situation Qualitative Quantitative

1. Life Experiences of COVID patients
2. Economic status during and after the
pandemic
3. Status on COVID Vaccination in the
barangay
4. Life and struggles of the frontliners
5. Living the faith in times of pandemic

What’s More

Let us check!

1. Identify two research in your area of interest (arts,

humanities, sports, science, business, agriculture and fisheries,
information and communication technology, and social inquiry).
2. Differentiate the research by identifying their similarities and
differences.
3. Present your answer by taking a screen shot/picture of your
answer and send it to your teacher.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the best answer
in a sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following terms are associated with the word of research
except?
A investigate C. care
B. discover D. explore

2. What do you call the beliefs that talks about the right or wrong, proper or
improper, and the good or bad in research?
A. Ethics C. justice
B. Rights D. privacy

3. How do we call the research characteristics where the study is based

on direct experience or observation by the researcher?
A. logical C. cyclical
B. empirical D. analytical

4. What characteristic in research where it exhibits careful and precise

judgement is being exercised?
A. Methodical C. logical
B. Analytical D. critical

5. What characteristics of a research where research is conducted in a

methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedure?
A. Methodical C. logical
B. critical D. analytical
6. Which of the following practice conducting research is unethical?
A. Objectivity and integrity
B. Presentation of the research findings
C. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
D. Invading the privacy of a respondent

7. Which of the following factors to consider in selecting a research problem

does not belong to the group?
A. Area of interest C. easy and accessible
B. Availability of funds D. investigator’s ability & training

8. When conducting qualitative research according to criteria the following

are the data analysis except?
A. Non statistical C. Statistical
B. Contextual D. Thematic

9. How do qualitative differ from quantitative according to characteristics?

A. Qualitative preference for narrative description while quantitative
data reduced to numeral scores.
B. Quantitative preference for hypothesis emerge as the study develops
while qualitative stated at the outset

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 C. Quantitative definition comes as the study progresses while
qualitative stated at the outset
D. Quantitative assumes that reliability of inference is adequate while
qualitative

10. Why we need NOT to force our participants to be part of the study?
A. capability C. responsibility
B. voluntary D. competence

11. Why is it necessary in research that all data to be reported should

include all facts with accuracy?
A. responsibility C. openness
B. competence D. honesty

12. When conducting qualitative research, it will mainly focus on the

following characteristics except?
A. experiences C. behavior
B. quantity D. feelings

13. How do you call the qualities/skills that a researcher possesses when
conducting research?
A. competence C. openness
B. confidence D. integrity

14.Which characteristics in research that utilizes proven analytical

procedures in gathering the data.
A. empirical C. analytical
B. logical D. critical

15. What is the second step in the research processes?

A. collect data C. analyze and present data
B. select a general problem D. review the literature of the
problem

Additional Activities

Essay: Discuss how far you have understood about the following. Write
your answers on a separate paper.
1. What is the importance of research in our daily life?
2. Differentiate ethical and unethical practices in conducting research.
3. Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative research

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References

Edmonton, Alberta: Alberta Education, 1990.

http://www.library.ualberta.ca/documents/focusonresearch.pdf.
Donham, Jean, Kay Bishop, Carol Collier Kuhlthau, and Dianne Oberg.
Inquiry-based Learning: Lessons from Library Power. Worthington, OH:
Linworth, 2001.
Focus on Inquiry: A Teacher’s Guide to Implementing Inquiry-based Learning.
Ebook. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Alberta Learning, Learning and
Teaching Resources Branch, 2004. http://www.teaching
books.net/content/FocusOnInquiry.pdf.

Jonassen, David H. Computers as Mind tools for Schools: Engaging Critical

Thinking. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.
Biglete, Amelia. ―Ethical Considerations in Conducting Research.‖ Lecture,
May 2014.
Calmorin, Laurentina P., and Melchor A. Calmorin. Research Methods and
Thesis Writing. 2nd edition. Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2007.
Paton, Michael. Quantitative Evaluation and Research Methods. 2nd ed.
Newburry Park, CA: Sage, 1990.
Willig, Carla. Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology: Adventures in
Theory and Method. Ebook. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education,
2008.
https://www.pngfind.com/pngs/m/382-3828833_clue-cliparts-research-
clipart-hd-png-download.png

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