ED5340 - Data Science: Theory at h y

and Practise a p
gan
th u
M u
a n
th
L8 - Dictionaries m a n a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy (https://ed.iitm.ac.in/~raman)

Course web page: https://ed.iitm.ac.in/~raman/datascience.html
Moodle page: Available at https://courses.iitm.ac.in/
Dictionaries
Intro

• Dictionary is a collection of key-value pair rep. as key : value

h y
at
• Enclosed in curly brackets { } an
a p
u g
uth
• Indexed only by keys. th a n M
n a
am
• Keys in a dictionary must a
be Runique and immutable.

• Strings / Tuples can be used as keys.

• Different keys may have same values!

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Dictionary representation

• Set is a collection of dissimilar data types using curly brackets { }

h y
at
• dc = {key : value} i.e. {key1 : value1, key2 :anvalue2,
ap ……….}
u g
uth
• E.g. dct1 = {10 : 100, 20 : 200, ‘ED1’
th a n : ‘name1’, ‘ED2’ : ‘name2’}
M
n a
m a
• dct2 = { } #Empty dictionary R a

• using dict.fromkeys( ) function.

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Accessing dictionary elements

• Using its key, the corresponding value can be accessed.

h y
at
• print the dictionary using its variable name.anap
u g
uth
• Iterated using the following ways: than M
n a
m a
• over key-value pairs. R a

• over keys.
• over values.

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L8_dict_ex_access.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 h y
at
CW: Define a dictionary and print all its a p
gan
th u
u

values using the corresponding keys.

n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Dictionary operations

• Dictionaries are ‘mutable’ (you can add, delete or modify elements).

h y
at
• Two dictionaries cannot be concatenated using
a na p + (instead, use update( )).
u g
uth
• searching (containment) and sorting
th a n- in, not in
M
n a
a
m
• conversion / other a
functions R- len, max, min, sum, sorted

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L8_dict_operations.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

HW: Define a dictionary of student namespand at h y find the max, min of the
a
dictionary. Arrange them in sorted order. u g a Print all of them clearly. Also
n
th
perform addition, deletion and modification n M u of a few of the entries.
th a
n a
a
What are you observations Ron max, min and sorting?
a m

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Dictionary methods - Member functions

• Given a dictionary D, you can apply the following member functions.

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at
• D.clear( ) - clears all the dictionary contents
an
a p
u g
uth
• D.update(D1) - adds D1 to D. th a n M
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 h y
HW: Define three dictionaries an
a p at
u g
and concatenate all
of them in another dictionary. h a n M u th
Clear the contents
of all of them. Check if the dictionaries are empty.
a t
a n
m
Ra

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Dictionary varieties

• Nested Dictonary (similar to nested structure)

h y
at
• Dictionary unpacking (using * operator) an
a p
u g
uth
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Nested dictionary

studlist = {‘Anand’ : {‘DOB’ : ’20/11/2001’, ‘Roll’ : ‘ED1234’ },

h y
‘Ramesh’ : {‘DOB’ : ’19/11/2001’, ‘Roll’ : ‘ED1235’p }, at
na
a g
th u
u
‘Kamesh’ : {‘DOB’ : ’21/11/2001’, ‘Roll’
h a n : ‘ED1236’ } }
M
a t
an
m
Ra
How do you print, access and change contents of nested dictionary?

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L8_dict_varieties.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Dictionary Comprehension
same as list comprehension except use curly brackets and key:value pairs

The syntax goes like this:

h y
dctA = {key:value for (key, value) in dict.items( at
p ) [optional for and/or if]}
a
an g
th u
u
where dict is another dictionary! a n M
ath
a n
a m
You can do with other than dict.items(
R ) as well. How?

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 Demo using gan
a pat h y

L8_dict_comprehension.py th u
M u
a n
th
(CW, HW is available in that file itself)
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

CW: Create a dictionary consisting of gan
a pat h y

squares of integers from 1 to 9 using th u

M u
a n
th
dictionary comprehension n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras