‫ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﻓﻮﻣﱰﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻮﺍﺽ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﺎﻓﺔ )ﺣﻮﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ( )*(‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻤﻭﻙ – ﺇﺭﺒﺩ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺭﻤﻭﻙ – ﺇﺭﺒﺩ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ( ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ )‪ (Pearson's Correlation‬ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫)‪ (RS‬ﻭﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ )‪ (GIS‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴﺎ ﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﺕ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﻭﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ )‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ )‪ ،(٠.٨٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ )‪ (٠.٨٤‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ )‪ .(٠.٠١‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬

‫)*(‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪.٢٠١٨‬‬
٢٠١٨ ‫( ﺃﺒﺭﻴل‬٣) ‫( ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬٧٨) ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ٢١٢

‫ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬،(٠.٧١-٠.٦) ‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬

‫ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬.(٠.٠٥) ‫( ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬٠.٧١) ‫ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬
‫( ﻟﻜل‬٠.٨٣) ‫ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬
‫ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ‬.(٠.٠١) ‫ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬،(٠.٠٥) ‫( ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬-٠.٨٠) ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‬
(-٠.٧٢) ‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
.‫( ﻟﻜﻼ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬٠.٠٥) ‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬
Abstract
Statistical relations analysis between morphometric
variables of semi-arid basins ( Wadi Al-Arab basin-Case
Study)
This study aims to evaluate the statistical relations between
morphometric variables of eight semi-arid secondary basins of Wadi
Al-Arab using Pearson’s Correlation in order to understand their
topographic characteristics for the proper basin management. For this
purpose, various morphometric properties including areal, liner, shape
and relief variables were mathematically calculated using remote
sensing and geographic information system tools. In addition, we
evaluated the physical properties of Wadi Al-Arab basin which highly
shapes the morphometric variables.
Results showed that the statistical relation between
morphometric variables reflected the physical proprieties such as rock
types, climatic variations, land cover, and tectonic processes: strong
positive relationships between basin area and number of streams (i.e.,
r = 1); relief (i.e., r = 0,87); and geometric number (i.e., r = 0.84), at
0.01 significance level. Moreover, results showed strong positive
relationships between average slope and shape of the basin (i.e., r =
0.6 to 0.71); and hypsometric factor (i.e., r = 0.71) at 0.05 significance
level. In addition, strong positive correlation was found between
average slope and Relief ratio; and slope degree (i.e., r = 0.83) at 0.01
significance level. Strong negative correlation was also detected
between average altitude and Dissection Index (i.e., r = -0.80). Finally,
negative correlation was found between basin perimeter and both
Relief ratio and basin slope degree (i.e., r = -0.75) at 0.05 significance
level.
‫‪٢١٣‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺩﻻﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ )‪ ،(Yunus et al ,2014‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ ;‪(Nag, 2003; Eze & Efiong, 2010; Gajbhiye,2015‬‬
‫)‪)، Shah&Pranay,2017‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﺭﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،٢٠١٥ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﻤﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .(٢٠١٠‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻀﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺨﻭﺍﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪(Strahler & Chow,1964; ،‬‬
‫;‪Singh & Dubey,2014; Rai & Mohan,2014; Sharma et al,2017‬‬
‫)‪Sangita,Nagarajan, 2010‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢١٤‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ‬

‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﺩﻻﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ .(Biswas, 2016‬ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺨﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻻﻨﺠﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺯﻻﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ‪(Farhan & Anaba,2016; El Shamy.et al, 2014; ،‬‬
‫‪Elmoustafa & Mohamed 2013; Abdel Ghaffar et al, 2015).‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﻓﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢١٥‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ‬
‫)‪ (DEM‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪(ARC GIS‬‬
‫)‪.10.4‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ )‪ (Pearson's Correlation‬ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ؟‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ ١.٥‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ )‪ (DEM‬ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻴﺔ )‪٣٠×٣٠‬ﻡ(‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل )‪ (Aster- GDEM‬ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ )‪ ،(ArcGIS10.4.1‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢١٦‬‬

‫‪-1‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺄﻋﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﻭﺭﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻜﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻀﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻟﺭﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻁﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ )‪ (١‬ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(1‬‬
 ‫‪٢١٧‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1‬‬ ‫‪Lu‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Wb=A/Lu‬‬ ‫)‪(Horton,1932‬‬ ‫‪Wb‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1(by‬‬
‫‪Gis‬‬
‫)‪DEM‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1(by‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫)‪DEM‬‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1(by‬‬ ‫‪u‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫)‪DEM‬‬
‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1(by‬‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Sm‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫)‪DEM‬‬

‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis‬‬ ‫‪10.4.1(by‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫)‪DEM‬‬ ‫‪Em‬‬
‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1‬‬ ‫‪La‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1‬‬ ‫‪Lt‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺅﺍﺕ‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Contour Map‬‬ ‫‪Cp‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺘﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1‬‬ ‫‪Nu‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪Gis‬‬ ‫‪Arc Gis 10.4.1‬‬ ‫‪Lu‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪R = N/ N +1‬‬ ‫)‪(Strahler,1957‬‬ ‫‪Rbm‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪Br=Z-z‬‬ ‫)‪(Strahler-1957‬‬ ‫‪Br‬‬ ‫ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪Rh= H /Lb‬‬ ‫)‪(Schumm,1956‬‬ ‫‪Rr‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫)‪Hi= (H͞ −H )/(H − h‬‬ ‫)‪(wilson,2009‬‬ ‫‪Hi‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪Gn= Bn× Dd/ D‬‬ ‫)‪Strahler, A. (1958‬‬ ‫‪Gn‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪Re=(2/Lb)*(A/3.14)^0.5‬‬ ‫)‪(Schumm,1956‬‬ ‫‪Re‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪20‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢١٨‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬

‫)‪Rc=4*3.14(A/p2‬‬ ‫)‪(Miller,1953‬‬ ‫‪Rc‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪Fr=A/Lb2‬‬ ‫)‪(Horton,1932‬‬ ‫‪Sf‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪Dd=Lu/A‬‬ ‫)‪(Horton,1932‬‬ ‫‪Dd‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫‪Fs=Nu/A‬‬ ‫)‪(Horton-1932‬‬ ‫‪Fs‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪Lg=A/2*Lu‬‬ ‫)‪(Horton,1945‬‬ ‫‪Lo‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪C=0.2821*p/A^0.5‬‬ ‫)‪(Gravelius,1914‬‬ ‫‪Cc‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫‪T=Nu/p‬‬ ‫)‪(Horton,1945‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪27‬‬
‫‪Di=Fs/Dd‬‬ ‫)‪(Faniran,1968‬‬ ‫‪Di‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪28‬‬
‫)‪D =Bh/(Lb*60‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪29‬‬
‫‪(Singh‬‬ ‫&‬
‫‪(Z-z)/Z‬‬ ‫‪Dind‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫)‪Dubey,1994‬‬
‫‪Lsm=Lu/Nu‬‬ ‫)‪(Horton,1945‬‬ ‫‪Lsm‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫‪Dc=La/Lt‬‬ ‫‪Dc‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﻌﻁﺎﻑ‬ ‫‪32‬‬
‫‪Rt=Cp /p‬‬ ‫)‪(Schumm,1956‬‬ ‫‪Tr‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫‪Rn=Br*Dd‬‬ ‫)‪(Strahler,1957‬‬ ‫‪Rn‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪34‬‬

‫‪ ٢.٥‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ )‪:(Pearson's Correlation‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﺨﻁﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻼﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ )‪ (X,Y‬ﻟﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ ،(-١ - ١+‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﺜل )‪ (١‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ‪ (٠) ،‬ﻟﻴﺱ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺨﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ)‪ (-١‬ﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻜﺎﺭل ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ )‪ (Karl Pearson‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١٩٣٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺤﻪ )‪(Evans, 1996‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ )‪ ،(r‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ :(٠ -٠.١٩) :‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‬
 ‫‪٢١٩‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺠﺩﺍ‪ :(٠.٢٠ - ٠.٣٩) ،‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪ :(٠.٤٠ - ٠.٥٩) ،‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‪ :(٠.٦٠ - ٠.٧٩ ) ،‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‪ :(٠.٨٠ - ١) ،‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :( ٠ -٠.١٩) -‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ‪ :( ٠- -٠.١٩-) - .‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :(٠.٢٠ - ٠.٣٩) -‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪ :(٠.٢٠- - ٠.٣٩-) - .‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :(٠.٤٠ - ٠.٥٩) -‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‪ :(٠.٤٠- - ٠.٥٩-)- .‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :(٠.٦٠- - ٠.٧٩- ) -‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :(٠.٦٠ - ٠.٧٩ ) -‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :(٠.٨٠- - ١-)-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ :(٠.٨٠ - ١) -‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٦‬ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻪ )‪٢٧٣‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،(²‬ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ) ‪ °32 ′47‬ﻭ ‪ ( °32 ′66‬ﺸﻤﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﻲ ﻁﻭل‬
‫)‪ °35 ′61‬ﻭ ‪ ( °35 ′87‬ﺸﺭﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(٢‬ﻭﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﻓﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﻀﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺃﻭﺩﻴﺔ )ﺤﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻗﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺵ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﻗﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺼﺎﻓﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(٣‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﻨﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪850‬ﻡ( ﻓﻭﻕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭ)‪2١٦-‬ﻡ( ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(٤‬ﻭﺃﺩﻯ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ º0‬ﻭ ‪ ،(53.3°‬ﻭﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻥ )‪ (º18‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘل ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻋﻥ )‪ ،(º5‬ﺍﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣‬ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻤﻨﺎﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬

‫‪ .٧‬ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻹﺯﺍﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺃﺨﺩﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .(1996‬ﻭﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻭﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻴﺴﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ )ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻴﺭﻱ‪ .(199٠ ،‬ﺒﺩﺃ‬
 ‫‪٢٢١‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻜﻐﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﻕ ﻤﺠﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﻜﺸﻔﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﺘﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(٦‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺴﻬﻤﺕ ﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﻭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺸﺒﺎﺏ )ﺘﺼﺎﺒﻲ( ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﻁﺕ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺼﻨﻔﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﺕ ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ )ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺎﺩ(‬
‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ )‪ (ALI8‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﻨﻴﺔ )‪ ،(Silty Clay‬ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺓ )‪ (ANJ8‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫)‪ (IRB8‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫)‪ (KUF8‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ )‪ (YAR8‬ﻓﺘﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻼﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ )‪ (ZAY4‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺏ ﻭﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧‬ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦‬ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬

‫‪ .٨‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﻟﻸﻤﻁﺎﺭ ‪٥٠٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ ٣٤٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(8‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻘﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻲ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺏ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺜﻭﺭﻨﺜﻭﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪32.3‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻲ ﺸﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻑ‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ (2013 ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻁﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺒﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻭﺭﺓ ‪١٧‬ﻡ‪º‬‬
‫ﻭ‪23‬ﻡ‪ º‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل)‪ .(9‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٩‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ‬

‫‪ .٩‬ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ )‪(٪44‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ ٪14،٪17‬ﻭ‪ (٪9‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺴﺩ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬
‫)‪ 1‬ﻜﻡ‪ (2‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺨﺯﺍﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻭﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪ (41‬ﺒﺌﺭﺍ ﻴﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻷﺩﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢٤‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١١‬ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‪ :‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‪(Landsat 8 Image) :‬‬

‫‪ .١٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺸﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﻀﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ )‪ (Inputs‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١.١٠‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ )‪ :(Linear Parameters‬ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪272.9‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،(²‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺭﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﻨﺸﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻤﻁﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺒﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻲ‬
‫‪٢٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺠﺭﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﺒﻴﺏ ﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺽ ﻓﺭﻋﻲ ‪٦٩.٣‬ﻜﻡ‪ ²‬ﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ ‪ ٢.٢٥‬ﻜﻡ‪ ²‬ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻔﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻁﻭل ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪٢٧.٢‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻁﻭل ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻋﻲ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ‪ ٢١.٧‬ﻜﻡ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺤﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ‪ ٧‬ﻜﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻓﺭﻋﻲ ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ‪ ٤.٦‬ﻜﻡ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻁﻭل ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ١١٤‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪.(٢‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول رﻗﻢ )‪ (٢‬اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﯿﺔ واﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻗﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬

‫‪69.3‬‬ ‫‪35.1‬‬ ‫‪65.9‬‬ ‫‪6.92‬‬ ‫‪272.9‬‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪76.4‬‬ ‫‪43.8‬‬ ‫‪73.3‬‬ ‫‪18.96‬‬ ‫‪114‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪12.8‬‬ ‫‪21.7‬‬ ‫‪5.9‬‬ ‫‪27.2‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫‪4.6‬‬ ‫‪2.8‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺱ‬

‫‪2.25‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪28.6‬‬ ‫‪4.4‬‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪8.5‬‬ ‫‪38.8‬‬ ‫‪45.4‬‬ ‫‪13.9‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪2.65‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪12.2‬‬ ‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪ ٢.١٠‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ )‪:(Form Parameters‬‬

‫ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٢‬ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢٦‬‬

‫ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺸﻜﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ )ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪.(١٩٩٦ ،‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺤﻭﺍﻀﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪:(٣‬‬
‫‪٢٢٧‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ ١.٢.١٠‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟــﺔ )‪ :(Elogation Ratio‬ﺘﺼﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‪) ،‬ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،(١٩٨٠ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫‪ ،٠.٦٩‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻀﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﺫﻭ ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﻭﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻋﺘﺩﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻨﺩﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻜﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺴﻴﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ ﻗﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻭﺍﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ )‪ (٠.٨٦،٠.٦٤،٠.٦٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول رﻗﻢ )‪ (٣‬اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻗﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫‪0.47‬‬ ‫‪0.52‬‬ ‫‪0.42‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.24‬‬ ‫‪0.26‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫‪0.17‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.14‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.37‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪2.58‬‬ ‫‪2.08‬‬ ‫‪2.54‬‬ ‫‪2.03‬‬ ‫‪1.94‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫‪0.49‬‬ ‫‪0.63‬‬ ‫‪0.64‬‬ ‫‪0.86‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫‪0.17‬‬ ‫‪0.26‬‬ ‫‪0.39‬‬ ‫‪0.29‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫‪0.31‬‬ ‫‪0.32‬‬ ‫‪0.58‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪2.39‬‬ ‫‪1.96‬‬ ‫‪1.59‬‬ ‫‪1.86‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‬

‫‪ ٢.٢.١٠‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ )‪:(Circularity Ratio‬‬

‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩ ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٢٨‬‬

‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﺭﺓ‪) ،‬ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،(٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ،٠.٢٦‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺼﻐﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺨﻔﺽ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣.٢.١٠‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪:(Form Factor‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ ﻗﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ،٠.٣٧‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺼﻼﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﻡ ﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ ﻭﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺏ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ ﻗﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻟﻪ )‪.(٠.٥٨‬‬
‫‪ ٤.٢.١٠‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ )‪:(Compactness Coefficient Ratio‬‬
‫ﺘﺩل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺃﺤﻭﺍﻀﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻁﻭﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺸﻜل ﺃﻗل ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﻤﺎﹰ‪،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫)‪ ،(١.٩٤‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ ﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﻭﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺩ )‪ (٢.٥٨،٢.٥٤،٢.٣٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻁﻭﻴل ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٣.١٠‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪:(Relief Parameters‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫‪٢٢٩‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺃﺴﺭ ﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪) ،‬ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪،‬‬

‫‪ ،(١٩٨٠‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺨل ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ )ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪.(١٩٩٦ ،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٣‬ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬

‫‪٢٣١‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺘﻀﺎرﯾﺴﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮض وادي اﻟﻌﺮب‪ ،‬اﻟﺠﺪول‬

‫رﻗﻢ )‪ (٤‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ١.٣.١٠‬ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ :(Basin Relief‬ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪١٠٦٦‬ﻡ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻭﺏ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪٨٥٠‬ﻡ ﻓﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭ‪٢١٦‬ﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺤﻭﻀﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺤﻭﻓﺎ ‪٨٩٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول رﻗﻢ )‪ (٤‬اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻀﺎرﯾﺴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻗﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫‪0.47‬‬ ‫‪0.52‬‬ ‫‪0.42‬‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪0.24‬‬ ‫‪0.26‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺅﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ‬
‫‪0.17‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.14‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.37‬‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺘﻭﺭ‬

‫‪2.58‬‬ ‫‪2.08‬‬ ‫‪2.54‬‬ ‫‪2.03‬‬ ‫‪1.94‬‬ ‫ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪6.95‬‬ ‫‪6.7‬‬ ‫‪9.6‬‬ ‫‪9.9‬‬ ‫‪8.7‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‬

‫‪503.5‬‬ ‫‪370‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪377‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬

‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪67‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪170‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ‬
‫‪711‬‬ ‫‪497‬‬ ‫‪892‬‬ ‫‪464‬‬ ‫‪1066‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‬
‫‪35.55‬‬ ‫‪38.83‬‬ ‫‪41.11‬‬ ‫‪78.64‬‬ ‫‪39.2‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫‪3.28‬‬ ‫‪2.16‬‬ ‫‪3.15‬‬ ‫‪1.13‬‬ ‫‪4.34‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‬
‫‪0.18‬‬ ‫‪0.18‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.16‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‬

‫‪1.01‬‬ ‫‪1.53‬‬ ‫‪0.46‬‬ ‫‪0.79‬‬ ‫‪1.49‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﺠﺪول رﻗﻢ )‪ (٤‬اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻀﺎرﯾﺴﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﺵ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‪11.9‬‬ ‫‪11.8‬‬ ‫‪10.3‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪251.8‬‬ ‫‪303.7‬‬ ‫‪503.5‬‬ ‫‪412‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺅﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺘﻭﺭ‬

‫‪392‬‬ ‫‪330‬‬ ‫‪465‬‬ ‫‪457‬‬ ‫ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬

‫‪142.55 124.53‬‬ ‫‪46.5‬‬ ‫‪37.46‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‬

‫‪0.49‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪1.52‬‬ ‫‪1.89‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬

‫‪0.17‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.19‬‬ ‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ‬

‫‪1.44‬‬ ‫‪1.41‬‬ ‫‪1.21‬‬ ‫‪1.04‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‬

‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫‪0.82‬‬ ‫‪1.18‬‬ ‫‪1.18‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫‪2.16‬‬ ‫‪1.18‬‬ ‫‪3.51‬‬ ‫‪2.89‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‬

‫‪1.10‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪0.81‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‬

‫‪0.73‬‬ ‫‪0.66‬‬ ‫‪0.85‬‬ ‫‪0.59‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬

‫‪ ٢.٣.١٠‬ﻨـﺴـﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺘـﻀـﺭﺱ )‪ :(Relief Ratio‬ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ‪ ٣٩.٢‬ﻡ‬

‫‪/‬ﻜﻡ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻌﺘﺩﻟﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺴﻴﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻡ ﻗﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ )‪١٤٢.٥٥‬ﻡ‪/‬ﻜﻡ ‪١٢٤.٥٣،‬ﻡ‪/‬ﻜﻡ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣.٣.١٠‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ )‪ :(Ruggedness Number‬ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭ‪‬ﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺫﻭ ﺴﻁﺢ ﻤﺘﻀﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ‪ ،٢.٨٤‬ﻭﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪٢٣٣‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ‪ ٣٦٣‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺤﻭﻓﺎ ) ‪.( 2.16‬‬
‫‪ ٤.٣.١٠‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ )‪ :(Texture Ratio‬ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪ ،(٪١٠.٧‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻻل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥.٣.١٠‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ )‪ :(Texture Ratio‬ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻭﻀﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ )ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ .(١٩٨٠ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ١.٤٩‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺴﻁﺢ ﻤﻌﺘﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ "ﺴﻤﻴﺙ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻗﻭﺍﻡ ﺤﻭﻀﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﻗﺭﺍ‬
‫)‪.(١.٥٣‬‬
‫‪ ٦.٣.١٠‬ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ )‪ :(Length of Overland flow‬ﻭﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫)‪ ، (١-٠‬ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ )‪ (١‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺘﻀﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪ (٠.١٩‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺩل ﺃﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺭﺘﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧.٣.١٠‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ )‪ :(Geometry Number‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﺤﺎﺼل ﻀﺭﺏ ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺴﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٤‬‬

‫ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭ ﻭﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ ‪،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪، (٤.٣٤‬ﻭﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ ٠.٤‬ﻭ‪.(٣.٢٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ )‪ :(Dissection Index‬ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ ٨.٣.١٠‬ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﻹﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪ (١.٢٥‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫‪ ٩.٣.١٠‬ﺍﻟـﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ )‪ :(Hypsometric Integral‬ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻜﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺯﻤﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺯﺍل ﺘﻨﺘﻅﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،(١٩٨٠ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫‪ ،٠.٥٦‬ﺃﻱ ﺇ ﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺃﺘﻡ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺩﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﻪ ﺃﺼﻼﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٤‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﺭ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺵ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ ﻭﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ ﻗﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ )‪ (١٥‬اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻷﻟﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ )‪ (١٤‬اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﮭﺒﺴﻮﻣﺘﺮي‬

‫‪٢٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫‪١٠.٣.١٠‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﺘﻴﻤﺘﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﻕ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫)ﺸﺎﻭﺭ‪ ،(١٩٨٢،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻴﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ ١١.٣.١٠‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‪ :‬ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ º0‬ﻭ ‪ ، (53.3º‬ﻭﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪ (º18‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘل ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫)ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ‪ ، (º5‬ﻭﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪ ٨.٧‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪(Relief‬‬ ‫‪ ١٢.٣.١٠‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫)‪ :Profile‬ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻁﺭﺃﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﻴﺏ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺠل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻁﺭﺃ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﻴﺏ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﻔﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ )‪٨٦٥.٧٥‬ﻡ( ﻓﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺏ )‪٢٠٢‬ﻡ( ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ -١٦‬ﺃ(‪ .‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻁﺭﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﻴﺏ ﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻁﺭﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﻴﺏ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪-١٦‬ﺏ‪،‬ﺝ‪،‬ﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٦‬ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬

‫‪ .١١‬ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ )‪:(Drainage Texture Parameters‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻷﻱ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(١٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺴﺘﺭﻴﻠﺭ )‪،(Strahler‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(١٨‬ﻭﺘﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﻵﺨﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(١٩‬‬
‫‪٢٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٨‬ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ، (٥‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ )‪( ١٢١٧‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻁﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎ )‪ ( ٧٢٦.٣‬ﻜﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ )‪ (٪٧٨.٦‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍل‬
‫ﻴﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺸﻜﻠﺕ )‪ ،(٪١٧‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪. (٦‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٨‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ( ٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪1.27‬‬ ‫‪1.16‬‬ ‫‪8.4‬‬ ‫‪3.9‬‬ ‫‪9.3‬‬ ‫‪  10‬‬ ‫‪7.3‬‬ ‫‪5.44‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪0.85‬‬ ‫‪7.1‬‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬ ‫‪7.4‬‬ ‫‪6.1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪11.5‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪131‬‬ ‫‪284‬‬ ‫‪192‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪1217‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪5.6‬‬ ‫‪78.4‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪189.6‬‬ ‫‪98.7‬‬ ‫‪159.6   22.15‬‬ ‫‪726.3‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪2.83‬‬ ‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫‪4.88‬‬ ‫‪3.39‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5.4‬‬ ‫‪4.04‬‬ ‫‪5.71‬‬ ‫‪4.03‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪2.95‬‬ ‫‪2.49‬‬ ‫‪2.53‬‬ ‫‪2.59‬‬ ‫‪2.74‬‬ ‫‪2.81‬‬ ‫‪2.42‬‬ ‫‪3.20‬‬ ‫‪2.66‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪6.82‬‬ ‫‪4.44‬‬ ‫‪4.39‬‬ ‫‪4.58‬‬ ‫‪4.10‬‬ ‫‪5.47‬‬ ‫‪3.95‬‬ ‫‪5.64‬‬ ‫‪4.46‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪2.31‬‬ ‫‪1.79‬‬ ‫‪1.73‬‬ ‫‪1.77‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪1.95‬‬ ‫‪1.63‬‬ ‫‪1.76‬‬ ‫‪1.68‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪1.06‬‬ ‫‪1.36‬‬ ‫‪1.18‬‬ ‫‪1.22‬‬ ‫‪1.24‬‬ ‫‪1.35‬‬ ‫‪1.20‬‬ ‫‪1.36‬‬ ‫‪1.39‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ١.١١‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ .(1996 ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺏ‬
‫ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪ ( ٤.٠٣‬ﻤﺠﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(٦‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺤﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺏ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ ﻨﻭﻋﺎ ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ( ٦‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ٪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪4.62‬‬ ‫‪78.6‬‬ ‫‪957‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪5.31‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3.90‬‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3.33‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪3.00‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪4.03 =‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪ 1217‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ )‪ (١٩‬اﻟﺘﺒﺎﯾﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٤٠‬‬

‫‪ ٢.١١‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ )‪ :(Drainage Density‬ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻘﻁﻊ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻁﻭﻻﹰ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺴﺭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺸﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ‪) ،‬ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ .(١٩٨٠ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ٢.٦٦‬ﻜﻡ‪ /‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،²‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ .(٦‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ )‪-٢.٤٥‬‬
‫‪ (٣.٢‬ﻜﻡ‪/‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،٢‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻓﻭﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻲ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺠﺭﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣.١١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ )‪ :(Streem Frequency‬ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ٤.٤٦‬ﻤﺠﺭﻯ‪/‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،٢‬ﻭﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﻀﻪ ﺒﺎﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﺴﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺠﺭﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻﹼ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺱ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ ٤.١١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ )‪ :(Drainage Intensity‬ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫)‪ ،(١.٦٨‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥.١١‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﻌﻁﺎﻑ )‪ :(Detour Coefficient‬ﺘﻨﻌﻁﻑ ﻭﺘﺘﻠﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻷﻜﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﻌﻁﺎﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺒﻜل ﺘﻌﺭﺠﺎﺘﻪ‬
‫‪٢٤١‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪ (١٦‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻭل ﺨﻁ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﻠﻎ )‪ (١١.٥‬ﻜﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ )ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
‫‪(Pearson's‬‬‫ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ‬
‫)‪ Correlation Matrix‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﻟـ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ (**٠.٠١‬ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ (*٠.٠٥‬ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٨٩‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪، (٠.٨٢‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٩٢‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٨٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ )‪ ،(٠.٨٤‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ )‪ ،(٠.٨٨‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ )‪ .(٠.٧٩‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫)‪ (٪١‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﺎﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺩﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ ﻭﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺏ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٩٩‬ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٩٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٤٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٠.٩٥‬ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٠.٨٧‬ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٠.٨٨‬ﻭﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٩٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻲ )‪(٠.٨٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (٠.٨٨‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ (٪ ١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻜﻼ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫)‪ (-٠.٧٢‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ .(٪ ٥‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ )‪ (٠.٨٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ )‪ (٠.٩٣‬ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ (٠.٠٥‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ )‪ ،(٠.٦٢‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٠.٧٧‬ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٠.٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ )‪ (٠.٧٩‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (٠.٧٧‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ (٠.٠١‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺃﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٧١-٠.٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ )‪ (٠.٧١‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪(٠.١‬‬
‫‪.‬ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ (٠.٨٣‬ﻟﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪.(٠.٠٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺼﻐﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺕ ﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺒﺤﻔﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎﺭﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ )‪ (-٠.٨٠‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ ،(٠.٠٥‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻁﻭل ﻭﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ (٠.٥١-٠.٣٩‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫‪٢٤٣‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻜﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (٠.٩٨ - ٠.٨٢‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ .(٠.٠٥‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺏ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ ﻜﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻓﻭﻗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻲ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺠﺭﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ )‪ (-٠.٧٦‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ )‪ (-٠.٧٠‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ .(٠.٠١‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺸﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻌﻘﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﺴﺘﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭل ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻨﻜﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻭﻜﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٤٤‬‬

‫ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻭﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﻓﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩﻩ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻓﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧‬ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺒﻴﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﻟـ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻤﺜل )‪ (A‬ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ (P)،‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ (Lb)،‬ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪(Wb) ،‬‬

‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ (Wb) ،‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ (U) ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ‪ (Sm) ،‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ (Em) ،‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ (Nu)،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪(Lu)،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ (Rbm) ،‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺏ‪ (Br) ،‬ﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪(Rr) ،‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‪ (Hi) ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ‪ (Gn ) ،‬ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‪ (Re) ،‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(Rc‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ (Sf) ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ‪ (Dd)،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ (Fs) ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ (Lo) ،‬ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ‪ (Cc) ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ‪ (T) ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻲ‪(Dint) ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ (D) ،‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ (Dind) ،‬ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‪ (Dc) ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﻌﻁﺎﻑ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (Tr‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‪ (Rn) ،‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٤٦‬‬

‫‪ .١٣‬ﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻠﺨﻴﺹ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻭﻕ‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﻨﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪850‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭ)‪2١٦-‬ﻡ( ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ º0‬ﻭ‪.(53.3º‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻤﻁﺎﺭ ‪٥٠٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ ٣٤٠‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )‪٢٧٢.٩‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺭﺏ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ، ٠.٦٩‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻀﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ،٠.٢٦‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻠﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺼﻐﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ،٠.٣٧‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺒﻊ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺏ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﻨﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪٨٥٠‬ﻡ ﻓﻭﻕ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ ﻭ‪٢١٦‬ﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻀﺭﺱ‬
‫‪٢٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺤﻭﻀﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺤﻭﻓﺎ ‪٨٩٢‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪ ١.٤٩‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺴﻁﺢ ﻤﻌﺘﺩل ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺏ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ "ﺴﻤﻴﺙ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩل ﻗﻭﺍﻡ ﺤﻭﻀﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﻗﺭﺍ ‪. 1.53‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻬﺒﺴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ‪٠.٥٦‬؛ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺃﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺼﻑ ﺩﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺸﺘﻤﻠﻪ ﺃﺼﻼﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﺭ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﺵ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺍﺏ ﻭﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ ﻗﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺒﻠﻎ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‬
‫)‪١٦‬ﻜﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ )‪ ( ١٢١٧‬ﻤﺠﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺃﻁﻭﺍﻟﻬﺎ )‪ ( 726.3‬ﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٪٧٨.٦‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻁﻭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍل ﻴﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺸﻜﻠﺕ )‪.(٪١٧‬‬
‫‪ .١٠‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﻭﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٨٩‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٨٢‬ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٩٢‬ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ ،(٠.٨٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ )‪ ،(٠.٨٤‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ )‪ ،(٠.٨٨‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ )‪ (٠.٧٩‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫)‪.(٪١‬‬
‫‪ .١١‬ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫)‪ (٠.٨٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ )‪ (٠.٩٣‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪ (٠.٠٥‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ‪،‬ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣‬ﺃﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٤٨‬‬

‫ﻭﺘﺭﺒﻁ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ )‪ ،(٠.٦٢‬ﻭﻋﺩﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٠.٧٧‬ﻭﺃﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٠.٧٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﻀﻲ‬
‫)‪ ،(٠.٧٩‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (٠.٧٧‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪.(٠.٠١‬‬
‫‪ .١٢‬ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ )‪ (٠.٨٣‬ﻟﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪.(٠.٠٥‬‬
‫‪ .١٣‬ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ )‪ (-٠.٧٦‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ‬
‫)‪ (-٠.٧٠‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ )‪.(٠.٠١‬‬
‫‪ .١٤‬ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻭﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻁﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻨﺤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢٤٩‬‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺒﺤﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،١٩٩١،‬ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻴﺴﺭﻯ ﻭﺯﺭﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻻل‪ ،٢٠١٥ ،‬ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪،٤٢‬‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ‪.٢٠١٥ ،١‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺤﻤﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،٢٠١٠ ،‬ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻁ ﻏﺭﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪، 2010‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪، 12‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‪. 2‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺇﺭﺒﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،١٩٥١ ،‬ﺒﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫‪.١٠٠.٠٠٠ : ١‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١٩٩٤‬ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ )‪-١٩٨٠‬‬
‫‪ ،(٢٠١٥‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،١٩٨٠ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪،٧‬‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ‪.١ :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،٢٠١٠ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻤﻭﺭﻓﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٢٠١٠‬ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ )‪:١‬‬
‫‪ .(٥٠٠٠٠ :١ ،١٠٠٠٠٠‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،١٩٩٦،‬ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ – ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
٢٠١٨ ‫( ﺃﺒﺭﻴل‬٣) ‫( ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬٧٨) ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ٢٥٠

‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﻴﻔﻴﺯ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬،١٩٨٢ ،‫ ﺁﻤﺎل‬،‫ ﺸﺎﻭﺭ‬

‫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‬
.١٤ :‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﻴﺭ‬،‫ ﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬،١٩٩١ ،‫ ﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻔﺭ‬،٢٠١٣ ،‫ ﻨﻭﺡ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬
.‫ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬،‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬،‫ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
،‫ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﺭﺒﺩ‬،١٩٧٨ ،‫ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬،‫ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬
.‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‬
(٢٥٠٠٠٠ :١) ‫ ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬،(١٩٩٤) ‫ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
. ‫ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬،‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬،(١‫ )ﻁ‬،(٦ ،٥ ،٣ ،٢) ‫ﻟﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
،‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ‬،(٢٠١٥) ‫ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬،١٩٩٦ ،‫ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬،‫ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ‬
،‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
.‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
 Abdel Ghaffar, M.K., Abdellatif, A.D., Azzam, M.A. and Riad, M.H.,
2015,Watershed Characteristic and Potentiality of Wadi El-Arish, Sinai,
Egypt, International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS,
Volume 4, Issue 1, pp. 1070-1091. Soils, Water and Environment
Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
 Ashraf M. Elmoustafa, Mona M. Mohamed, 2013, Flash Flood Risk
Assessment Using Morphological Parameters in Sinai Peninsula, Open
Journal of Modern Hydrology, 3, 122-129
 Biswas, J Geogr Nat Disast, 2016, Analysis of GIS Based Morphometric
Parameters and Hydrological Changes in Parbati River Basin, Himachal
Pradesh, India, Journal of Geography & Natural Disasters, Volume 6 ,
Issue 2, Centre for the Study of Regional Development, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi, India.
 Evans, J. D. (1996). Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences.
Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing.
 ٢٥١ ‫ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬:‫ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ‬.‫ ﻭﺩ‬،‫ ﻨﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺒﺤﺔ‬.‫ﺩ‬

 Eze, E.B. and Effiong, J. (2010). Morphometric Parameters of the

Calabar River Basin: Implication for Hydrologic Processes. Journal of
Geography and Geology, 1(2):18-26
 Faniran A, 1968. The Index of Drainage Intensity - A Provisional New
Drainage Factor. Australian Journal of Science, 31: 328-330.
 Farhan, Y. and Anaba, O. (2016) Flash Flood Risk Estimation of Wadi
Yutum (Southern Jordan) Watershed Using GIS Based Morphometric
Analysis and Remote Sensing Techniques. Open Journal of Modern
Hydrology, Vo 6, 79-100,
 Gravelius, II. (1914) Grundrifi der gesamtenGewcisserkunde. Band I:
Flufikunde (Compendium of Hydrology, vol. I. Rivers, in German).
Goschen, Berlin, Germany.
 Horton RE (1932) Drainage basin characteristics. American Geophysical
Union of Transactions 13: 350-361.
 Horton RE (1940) An approach towards physical interpretation of
infiltration capacity. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America
5: 399-417.
 Horton RE (1945) Erosional Development of streams and their drainage
basins,Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geological
Society of American Bulletin 56: 275-370.
 International Journal of Geosciences, 2014, 5, 971-982 Abdalla, F., El
Shamy, I., Bamousa, A.O., Mansour, A., Mohamed, A. and Tahoon, M.
(2014) Flash Floods and Groundwater Recharge Potentials in Arid Land
Alluvial Basins, Southern Red Sea Coast, Egypt. International Journal of
Geosciences, 5, 971-982.
 Miller VC (1953) A Quantitative Geomorphic Study of Drainage Basin
Characteristics in the Clinch Mountain Area, Virginia and
Tennessee.Department of Geology, Columbia University.
 Ministry of Water Agriculture .(1993),Soil Map and Land Use
 Ministry of Water Agriculture .(1993),Soil Map and Land Use
 Nag SK, Chakraborty S, 2003, Influence of rock types and structures in
the development of drainage network in hard rock area. Journal of the
Indian, Society of Remote Sensing 31: 25-35.
 Prasad.G. (1987),MORPHOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS OF LAWS OF
GEOMETRY NUMBER Gn FOR THE EVALUATION OF TERRAIN
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHITRAKUT UPLAND (U. P. & M. P. ),
INDIA.
 Project for Jordan,Hunting Technical Services LTD in Associatedwith
Soil Survey and Land Research Center,Uk,Level.1,Vol.2.
 Project for Jordan,Hunting Technical Services LTD in Associatedwith
Soil Survey and Land Research Center,Uk,Level.1,Vol.2.
 Sangita Mishra.S, Nagarajan.R., (2010), Morphometric analysis and
prioritization of sub-watersheds using GIS and Remote Sensing
techniques: a case study of Odisha, India international journal of
geomatics and geosciences, 1(3), pp 501-510.
٢٠١٨ ‫( ﺃﺒﺭﻴل‬٣) ‫( ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬٧٨) ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ٢٥٢
 Sarita G. M, Sharma. S. K,2017,Prioritization of watershed through
morphometric parameters: a PCA-based approach, Appl Water Sci (2017)
7:1505–1519.
 Sarita Gajbhiye, 2015, Morphometric Analysis of a Shakkar River
Catchment Using RS and GIS,International Journal of u- and e- Service,
Science and Technology Vol.8, No.2, pp.11-24
 Schumn SA (1956) Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands
at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Geological Society of American Bulletin
67: 597-646.
 Shah, K.C., Pranay, R. Pali, 2017, A Case Study: Morphometric
Characteristics of Sub-Watershed (P-17) in Paras Region, Akola District,
Maharashtra, India – using Remote Sensing &GIS International Journal
of Advanced Earth Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 6, Issue 1, pp.
492–499
 Singh, S. and Dubey, A. (1994) Geoenvironmental Planning of
Watersheds in Indian. Chugh Publications, Allahabad, 28-69.
 Smith GH (1939) The Morphometry of Ohio, the average slope of the
land (abstract). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 29:
94.
 Strahler AN (1952) Dynamic basis of geomorphology. Bulletin of the
Geological Society of America 63: 923-938.
 Strahler AN (1957) Quantitative analysis of watershed
geomorphology.American Geophysical Union Transactions 38: 912-920.
 Strahler AN, Chow VT (1964) Quantitative geomorphology of drainage
basins and channel network, In. Handbook of Applied Hydrology,
McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, USA.
 Wilson ,L.J, Vallee.,M., Montpetit ,J. (2009). Comments on
hydrometeorological accuracy enhancement via postprocessing of
numerical weather forecasts in complex terrain. WeatherForecast ,24:
892–894.
 Yunus, A. P,. Oguchi,T,. Hayakawa, Yi. S,2014, Morphometric Analysis
of Drainage Basins in the Western Arabian Peninsula Using Multivariate
Statistics , International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 527-539 .
 http://gdem.aster.erdas.or.jp/
 https://www.usgs.gov/