Object Oriented

Programming with
PHP
A Presentation by
ADMEC Multimedia Institute & Web Development Institute (WDI) Delhi

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om
PHP Presentation’s Purpose
The purpose of this PHP presentation is to explain
Object Oriented PHP in brief.

This PHP presentation can help a PHP programmer

in understanding the terms and terminologies used
in practical object oriented PHP.

Frameworks of PHP like CodeIgniter, CakePHP,

Symphony, Zend etc are MVC based and knowledge
of Object Oriented PHP will help in understanding
all them.

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Topics to be Covered
Basics of OOP in PHP
Object & Classes in OOP
Magic Function in PHP OOP
Inheritance (Extending a class)
Visibility (public, private, protected)
Abstract Classes in PHP
Static Methods and properties in PHP
Interfaces in PHP
Explaining PHP Class Functions
Describing Autoload in PHP

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Concept and Basics of PHP
PHP is a scripting language
Specially a Procedural Programming
Not a true OO Programming
It supports few OO features
Full OOP Support added as of PHP5
What is OOP
It is Object Oriented Programming method of
coding.
Allow developer to group multiple similar
tasks into classes.
The main aim of OOP is to not repeat the
similar code again and again.
With OOP, it is easy to maintain the structure
of application and organizing the data
OOP provide simplicity to the complex
applications code.

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Why is OOP Useful in PHP?
Code organization and maintainability
Add clarity
Reduce complexity
Simple rules allow complex interactions
Emphasizes data over procedure
Code modularity or refactoring
Code reusability
Well-suited for databases
Do You Need OOP?

It depends
My PHP OOP rule of thumb
◦ For a simple site, OOP adds unnecessary complexity
◦ For a complex site, OOP adds necessary simplicity
Classes & Objects in PHP
Concept of classes & objects can be
explained with these two images:

A class, for example, is like a blueprint for a

house. It defines the shape of the house on
paper, with relationships between the different
parts of the house clearly defined and planned
out, even though the house doesn't exist.
An object, then, is like the actual house built
according to that blueprint. The data stored in
the object is like the wood, wires, and
concrete that compose the house: without
being assembled according to the blueprint,
it's just a pile of stuff. However, when it all
comes together, it becomes an organized,
useful house.

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Classes & Objects in PHP
In PHP class is created using class keyword as shown in the
following example

class myOwnClass
{
//variables of the class
var $variable1;
var $variable2;

//Function of class
function mergeVariable()
{
return $this->variable1 . $this->variable2;
}
}

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Classes & Objects in PHP
There is no use of classes without objects. Object is representative
of your class. If created a class then you must need to create object
of the class to solve your problem using class. You can create object
of your class by using new keyword.

$objClass = new myClass();

Now in above code you are creating object of class myClass in

variable $objClass. You can create multiple object of your same
class. Every object is different from other.

$objClass1 = new myClass();

$objClass2 = new myClass();

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Magic Functions in PHP OOP
Magic methods in php are some predefined function by php
compiler which executes on some event. Magic methods starts
with prefix __, for example __call, __get, __set.

List of Magic Functions in PHP

This magic methods is called when someone

__construct create object of your class. Usually this is
used for creating constructor in php5.

This magic method is called when object of

__destruct
your class is unset. This is just opposite of
__construct.

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Magic Functions in PHP OOP

This method called when your object attempt to

__get read property or variable of the class which
is inaccessible or unavailable.

This method called when object of your class

__set attempts to set value of the property which is
really inaccessible or unavailable in your class.

This magic methods trigger when isset()

__isset function is applied on any property of the class
which is inaccessible or unavailable.

__unset is something opposite of isset method.

This method triggers when unset() function
__unset
called on inaccessible or unavailable property
of the class.

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Magic Functions in PHP OOP

__call magic method trigger when you are

attempting to call method or function of the
__call
class which is either inaccessible or
unavailable.

__callstatic execture when inaccessible or

__callstatic
unavailable method is in static context.

__sleep methods trigger when you are going

__sleep
to serialize your class object.

__wakeup executes when you are

__wakeup
un serializing any class object.

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Inheritance in PHP
Inheritance is a well-established programming principle, and
PHP makes use of this principle in its object model. This
principle will affect the way many classes and objects relate to
one another.
For example, when you extend a class, the subclass inherits
all of the public and protected methods from the parent class.
Unless a class overrides those methods, they will retain their
original functionality.
This is useful for defining and abstracting functionality, and
permits the implementation of additional functionality in
similar objects without the need to reimplement all of the
shared functionality.

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Visibility in PHP
There are 3 type of visibility available in PHP for controlling
your property or method.

Public: Public method or variable can be accessible from

anywhere. I mean from inside the class, out side the class
and in child(will discuss in next chapter) class also.

Private: Method or property with private visibility can only

be accessible inside the class. You can not access private
method or variable from outside of your class.

Protected: Method or variable with protected visibility can

only be access in the derived class. Or in other word in child
class. Protected will be used in the process of inheritance.

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Abstract Classes in PHP
The abstract classes and methods are used to create a
model of minimum required methods which must be defined
in normal sub-classes derived from an abstract class (with
extends).

An abstract class is created with the abstract keyword.

An abstract class cannot be instantiated, can only be inherited

by other sub-classes extended from it.

The abstract methods are declared with the abstract

keyword, and cannot have an implementation, they simply
declare the method's signature. abstract public function
method Name($arguments);

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Abstract Classes in PHP
In this example is created an abstract class with a property
($name), an abstract method ( greetName() ) and a normal
method ( setName() ).
<?php
// AbstractClass class
abstract class AbstractClass {
protected $name;

// declare an abstract method

abstract public function greetName($greet);

// define a normal method

public function setName($name) {
$this->name = $name; // sets the value of $name property
}
} ?>

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Static Methods & Properties in
PHP
Static methods and properties in php is very useful feature.
Static methods and properties in php can directly
accessible without creating object of class.
Your php class will be static class if your all methods and
properties of the class is static.
Static Methods and Properties in PHP will be treated as
public if no visibility is defined.
Static properties of class is a property which is directly
accessible from class with the help of ::(scope resolution
operator). You can declare static property using static
keyword.

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Interfaces in PHP
You can define a common structure for your classes using
interfaces.
An Interface is like a template similar to abstract class
with a difference where it uses only abstract methods.
In simple words, an interface is like a class using
interface keyword and contains only function
declarations(function with no body).
An Interface should be implemented in the class and all the
methods or functions should be overridden in this class.
It is the place where we can define the function.
When a class use that interface in that class the total
function body part will describe.
after that we can call that function in other class and we
are get result.

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Interfaces in PHP
Example of interface:

interface InterfaceName{
function fun1();
function fun2(a,b);
}

class ClassName implements InterfaceName{

fuction fun1(){
function implementation.......
}
fuction fun2(a,b){
function implementation.......
}
}

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Differences between an
Abstract Class and an Interface
inForPHP
abstract class a method must be For interface all the methods by default are
declared as abstract. Abstract methods abstract methods only. So one cannot
doesn’t have any implementation. declare variables or concrete methods in
interfaces.

The Abstract methods can declare with

Access modifiers like public, internal, All methods declared in an interface must
protected. When implementing in be public.
subclass these methods must be
defined with the same (or a less
restricted) visibility.

Abstract class can contain variables Interfaces cannot contain variables and
and concrete methods. concrete methods except constants.

A class can Inherit only one Abstract A class can implement many interfaces
class and Multiple inheritance is not and Multiple interface inheritance is
possible for Abstract class. possible.

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PHP Class Functions in PHP
PHP has available several class functions to help you through the
OOP mine field.
get_declared_interfaces()
class_exists()
get_class()
get_declared_classes()
Each of these is shown here beginning with the
get_declared_interfaces().

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PHP Class Functions in PHP
get_declared_interfaces()

following function provides an array of all the available declared

interfaces.
<?php
interface fax{
public function dial();
public function send();
public function recieve();
}
interface printer{
public function printBlack();
public function printColor();
public function printDraft();
public function kick();
}
/*** our interface implementation ***/
class printerFax implements fax, printer{
public function dial(){ }
public function send(){ }
public function recieve(){ }

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PHP Class Functions in PHP
public function printBlack(){ }
public function printColor(){ }
public function printDraft(){ }
public function kick(){ }

/*** create and printerfax object ***/

$object = new printerFax;
/*** get the declared interfaces ***/
foreach(get_declared_interfaces() as $key=>$interface)
{
echo $key.' =&gt; '.$interface.'<br />';
}
?>

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Other Functions in PHP
get_class()
class_exists()
get_declared_classes
<?php
/*** a pretend class ***/
class fax{
public function dial(){ }
public function send(){ }
public function recieve(){ }
}

/*** another pretend class ***/

class printer{
public function printBlack(){ }
public function printColor(){ }
public function printDraft(){ }
public function kick(){ }
}

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Other Functions in PHP
/*** create an instance of the fax class ***/
$foo = new fax;

/*** create an instance of the printer class ***/

$bar = new printer;

echo '$foo is from the ' get_class($foo).' class<br />';

echo class_exists("printer").'<br />';
echo 'Declared classes are:<br /> ';
foreach(get_declared_classes() as $key=>$classname)
{
echo $key.' -&gt; '.$classname.'<br />';
}
?>

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Autoload in PHP
Many developers writing object-oriented applications create
one PHP source file per class definition. One of the biggest
annoyances is having to write a long list of needed includes at
the beginning of each script (one for each class).

In PHP 5, this is no longer necessary. You may define an

__autoload() function which is automatically called in case you
are trying to use a class/interface which hasn't been defined
yet. By calling this function the scripting engine is given a last
chance to load the class before PHP fails with an error.

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Autoload in PHP
<?php
/*** include our class definitions ***/
include('classes/vehicle.class.php');
include('classes/motorcycle.class.php');
include('classes/printer.class.php');
include('classes/printer.class.php');
/*** instantiate a new vehicle class object ***/
$vehicle = new vehicle;
*** instantiate a new motorcycle class object ***/
$bike = new motorcycle;
*** instantiate a new printer class object ***/
$printer = new printer;
*** instantiate a new fax class object ***/
$fax = new fax;
?>

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Autoload in PHP
With __autoload() the above code can be reduce to following

<?php
/*** Autoload class files ***/
function __autoload($class){
require('classes/' . strtolower($class) . '.class.php');
}
/*** instantiate a new vehicle class object ***/
$vehicle = new vehicle;
/*** instantiate a new motorcycle class object ***/
$bike = new motorcycle;
/*** instantiate a new printer class object ***/
$printer = new printer;
/*** instantiate a new fax class object ***/
$fax = new fax;
?>

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 ADMEC Multimedia Institute
For more info you can visit
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For course related enquiry, ring us at:
9811-81-81-22, 011-3203-5055

Created by: Parul Sabal

Guided by: Ravi Bhadauria

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