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7 views

Array

array

Uploaded by

abhay sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding of Arrays

Anish Kumar Yadav

July 11, 2024

Anish Kumar Yadav Understanding of Arrays July 11, 2024 1 / 20


Introduction to Arrays in C

Definition: Arrays are collections of elements of the same type stored


in contiguous memory locations.
Importance: Fundamental for efficient data storage and manipulation
in C programming.

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Characteristics of Arrays

Fixed Size: Size is fixed at compile-time.


Homogeneous Elements: All elements are of the same data type.
Indexed Access: Elements can be accessed using their index.

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Array Declaration and Initialization in C

i n t a r r [ 5 ] = {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5};

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Accessing Array Elements in C

i n t v a l u e = a r r [ 2 ] ; // A c c e s s i n g t h e t h i r d e l e m e n t ( i n

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Array Traversal in C
// D i s p l a y i n g a l l e l e m e n t s i n t h e a r r a y
void d i s p l a y A r r a y ( i n t a r r [ ] , i n t s i z e ) {
f o r ( i n t i = 0 ; i < s i z e ; i ++) {
p r i n t f ( ”%d ” , a r r [ i ] ) ;
}
p r i n t f ( ”\n” ) ;
}

// Example o f a r r a y t r a v e r s a l
i n t main ( ) {
i n t a r r [ ] = {3 , 1 , 4 , 1 , 5};
int size = 5;

p r i n t f ( ” Array elements : ” ) ;
displayArray ( arr , s i z e ) ;

return 0;
Anish Kumar Yadav Understanding of Arrays July 11, 2024 6 / 20
Insertion and Deletion in Arrays in C
Insertion: Add a new element at a specific position.
void i n s e r t E l e m e n t ( i n t a r r [ ] , i n t ∗ s i z e , i n t p o
if ( position < 0 || position > ∗ size ) {
p r i n t f ( ” I n v a l i d p o s i t i o n ! \ n” ) ;
return ;
}
// S h i f t e l e m e n t s t o make s p a c e f o r t h e new
f o r ( i n t i = ∗ s i z e − 1 ; i >= p o s i t i o n ; i −−)
arr [ i + 1] = arr [ i ] ;
}
arr [ position ] = value ;
( ∗ s i z e )++;
}
Deletion: Remove an element from a specific position.
void d e l e t e E l e m e n t ( i n t a r r [ ] , i n t ∗ s i z e , i n t p
i f ( p o s i t i o n < 0 | | p o s i t i o n >= ∗ s i z e ) {
Anish Kumar Yadav Understanding of Arrays July 11, 2024 7 / 20
Examples of Insertion and Deletion

Inserting an element at position 2 in array arr:


Initial array: [3, 1, 4, 1, 5]
After insertion of 9 at index 2: [3, 1, 9, 4, 1, 5]
Deleting element at position 3 in array arr:
Initial array: [3, 1, 4, 1, 5]
After deletion: [3, 1, 4, 5]

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Searching Algorithms for Arrays in C

Linear Search
Binary Search

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Examples of Searching Algorithms

Performing linear search for element 4 in array arr:


Array: [3, 1, 4, 1, 5]
Result: Element 4 found at index 2.
Performing binary search for element 5 in sorted array arr:
Sorted array: [1, 1, 3, 4, 5]
Result: Element 5 found at index 4.

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Sorting Algorithms for Arrays in C

Bubble Sort
Selection Sort
Insertion Sort
Merge Sort
Quick Sort

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Examples of Sorting Algorithms

Sorting array arr using bubble sort:


Unsorted array: [3, 1, 4, 1, 5]
After sorting: [1, 1, 3, 4, 5]
Sorting array arr using selection sort:
Unsorted array: [3, 1, 4, 1, 5]
After sorting: [1, 1, 3, 4, 5]

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Multi-Dimensional Arrays in C

Definition: Arrays with more than one dimension (e.g., 2D, 3D


arrays).
Example: 2D array as a matrix.
int matrix [3][3] = {
{1 , 2 , 3} ,
{4 , 5 , 6} ,
{7 , 8 , 9}
};

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Calculating Array Element Location

Row-Major Order:
Formula:
loc = base address + (row × num cols + col) × sizeof(element type)
Column-Major Order:
Formula:
loc = base address + (col × num rows + row ) × sizeof(element type)

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Example Calculation

Given a 2D array arr[3][4]:


Row-Major: loc = 1000 + (1 × 4 + 2) × 4 = 1024
Column-Major: loc = 1000 + (2 × 3 + 1) × 4 = 1028
Therefore, the location of arr[1][2] in row-major order is 1024.

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Advantages of Row-Major and Column-Major Order

Row-Major: Benefits from spatial locality in row-wise data access


patterns.
Column-Major: Benefits from spatial locality in column-wise data
access patterns.

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Applications in Array Access Patterns

Matrix Operations: Optimizing performance based on access patterns.


Image Processing: Efficient manipulation of pixel data.
Scientific Computing: Handling large datasets effectively.

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Real-World Example: Image Processing in C

Description: Manipulating an image represented as a 2D array.


Optimization: Choosing row-major or column-major order based on
processing requirements.
Example: Calculating pixel location for filters and transformations.

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Conclusion on Multi-Dimensional Arrays in C

Summary: Understanding row-major and column-major order


enhances efficiency in array operations.
Implementation: Implementing optimized access patterns based on
application needs.

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Q&A

Addressing questions on array access strategies.

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