By Assoc. Prof. S.

Mukiibi

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What is Environmental
Management?
 Environment management means managing the
environment in ways that help the environment.

 It’s the process of regulating environmental health.

 Examples of environmental management include:

recycling, using recycled materials.

It’s a wide, rapidly evolving field.

It affects all: Individual, businesses, governments,

international agencies and non-governmental
organizations.
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Concept of environmental
management
 Concept emerged in the 19th century in response to
the massive deforestation and pollution associated
with industrial expansion,

 Early environmental management meant nothing

more than protecting sections of pristine land from
development

 Concept has expanded to take a more holistic view of

humankind’s place in the world.
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Principals of Environmental
Management
Concepts include;
 environmentally sound development,
 international conventions for the environment,
 environmental legislation,
 environmental management standards,
 environmental risk assessment and
 environmental auditing.

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Environmentally sound development
 Sustainable development
 Sustainable development can be achieved only if
existing economic discrepancies are eliminated
 Main cause of environmental problems is poverty
 Debt crisis in developing countries constitutes a major
obstacle to protection of the environment
 There is need for international environmental co-
operation so that each partner could make a
contribution to the best of its ability, with the stronger
partners helping the weaker to achieve their common
objective.

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Actions for Ensuring Sound Devt.
 Improving water quality
 Improving waste management
 Increasing energy efficiency and use of renewable energy
 Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
 Improving outdoor air quality
 Improving urban transport
 Preventing and reducing noise and protecting quiet areas
 Better local governance
 Better land use and planning
 Increasing biodiversity and green space
 Reducing environmental risks
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International conventions &
protocols for the environment
 United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment , 1972
 Global action on climate change
 Kyoto Protocol, 1992
 The Convention on Biological Diversity, (Rio Earth
Summit, 1992)
 The Vienna convention, 1985
 Protocol on environment and natural resources
management (East Africa), 1999
 Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, 1992

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International conventions contd.
 Protocol on strategic environmental assessment (Kiev,
2003)
 Nagoya Protocol 2010
 Rio Earth Summit 2012
 Kigali Amendment 2016
 COP 21 2016
 COP 24 2018
 COP 25 2019

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Environmental legislations
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (AUDIT) REGULATIONS , 2009
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR MANAGEMENT
OF SOIL QUALITY) REGULATIONS
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE
OF EFFLUENTS INTO WATER OR LAND) REGULATIONS
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES AND
BENEFIT SHARING REGULATIONS 2005
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (WETLANDS,RIVERSBANKS ANS
LAKESHORES MANAGEMENT )REGULATIONS
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT (NOISE STANDARDS AND CONTROL)
REGULATIONS
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSEMENT REGULATIONS,1998
THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ACT,1998
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT WATER ACT
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MINING ACT
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FORESTRY AND TREE PLANTING ACT
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION,1998
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OZONE DEPLETION AND SUBATANCES
PRODUCTS REGULATIONS
 THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT HILLY AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS
REGULATIONS
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Environmental management
standards
Many; e.g.
 ISO14000 Series Environmental Management Systems
 EMAS (Eco-Management and Audit Scheme)
 ISO 14006: Environmental Management Systems – Guidelines for
incorporating ecodesign
 ISO 14020: Environmental labels and declarations – General principles
 ISO 14040: Environmental Management – Life cycle assessment –
Principles and Frameworks
 ISO 14050: Environmental Management – Vocabulary
 ISO 14064-1: Greenhouse Gases – Part 1: Specification with guidance at
the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse
gas emissions and removals
 ISO 14066: Greenhouse Gases – Competence requirements for
greenhouse gas validation teams and verification teams

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Environmental risk assessment

 Environmental Risk assessment: an evaluation of

the interactions of agents, humans, and ecological
resources
 Risk assessment: The formal process of evaluating
the consequence(s) of a hazard and their
likelihoods/probabilities.

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Risk Assessment Template
High Medium Medium High risk High risk
risk risk

Medium Low risk Medium Medium High risk

Probability of receptors being

risk risk

Low Low risk Low risk Medium Medium

risk risk

Very low Very low Low risk Low risk Medium

risk risk
exposed

Very low Low risk Medium High

Consequences of hazard being realized

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ERA contd.

Covers:
 Hazard identification.
 Identification of consequences if the hazard was to
occur
 Estimation of the magnitude of the consequences
 Estimation of the probability of the consequences
 Evaluating the significance of a risk
Concept used in environmental risk assessment :
source – pathway – receptor.

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Example of assessment
Examples of Examples of Example
Sources Pathways Receptors
Contaminated soils • Air • People
• Contaminated • Water • Domestic and
water • Soil commercial
• Leaking drums • Food chain property
• Industrial process • Infrastructure
releases • Ecosystems
• Animals
• Plants
• Controlled waters

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Environmental auditing
Environmental Auditing is the process of determining
whether our operations and practices are in
compliance with regulatory requirements, Company
policies and procedures, and accepted standards.

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Structured approach to E.M.
 Formulating the problem;
 Carrying out an assessment of the risk;
 Identifying and appraising the management options
available; and
 Addressing the risk with the chosen risk management
strategy.

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Promoting Sustainable Human
Settlement Development
Agenda 21
Objective: to improve the social, economic and
environmental quality of human settlements and the
living and working environments of all people, in
particular the urban and rural poor

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Agenda 21 contd.
A. Providing adequate shelter for all;
B. Improving human settlement management;
C. Promoting sustainable land use planning and
management;
D. Promoting the integrated provision of environmental
infrastructure: water, sanitation, drainage, hazardous and
solid waste management;
E. Promoting sustainable energy and transport systems in
human settlements;
F. Promoting human settlement planning and management
in disaster-prone areas;
G. Promoting sustainable construction industry activities;
H. Promoting human resource development and capacity-
building for human settlement development.
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 Assignment No. 2
1. What environmental legislations do we have in our respective countries
and how are they functioning?
2. With respect to environmental development, how can we improve the
following in Kampala:
 Urban transport

 Bio-diversity and green spaces

 Noise control

 Greenhouse emission

Submission deadline: October 28, 2023

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