Scribd
Upload
7 views18 pages

GBBCVBCV

Uploaded by

ravenbeaconite
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views18 pages

GBBCVBCV

Uploaded by

ravenbeaconite
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

CSCS 105

Basic Electronics
Electric Field
The electric field is the region around the charge particle within which the other charges
experience the force of attraction or repulsion.
Magnitude of
Electric Field
The electric field
produced by the charge Q at
a point r is given by:
where Q – unit
charge
r – distance between
the charges

A charge Q applies the force


on a charge q is expressed by

The charge q also apply an equal


and opposite force on the charge Q
Electric Current
Electric current is the net flow of charges.

• It is conventional to take the current flow as the movement of positive charges. That is, opposite to the flow of negative
charges.

• This convention was introduced by Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), the American scientist and inventor.

• The universally accepted convention that current is the net flow of positive charges.
Current
Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, measured in
amperes (A)

Mathematically, the relationship between current i, charge q, and time


t is

where current is measured in amperes (A), and


1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second
Electric Current / Electricity
• It is mobile; it can be transferred from one place to another
• It can be converted to other form of energy.

An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements.


Types of Current

1. Direct Current
A direct current (dc) is a current
that remains constant with
time.
• By convention, the symbol “I”
is used to represent such a
constant current.
• It does not change with time.
Types of Current

2. Alternative Current
An alternative current (AC) is a
current that does not remains
constant with time. It is a current
that varies sinusoidally with time.
• By convention, the symbol “i” is
used to represent such a
current.
• Such current is used in your
household, to run the air
conditioner, refrigerator,
washing machine, and other
electric appliances.
Voltage / Potential difference
• To move the electron in a conductor in a particular direction requires
some work or energy transfer. This work is performed by an external
electromotive force (emf), typically represented by the battery. This
emf is also known as voltage or potential difference.

Definition: Voltage (or potential difference) is the energy required to


move a unit charge through an element, measured in volts (V).
Voltage
Voltage (or potential difference) is the energy required to move a unit charge
through an element, measured in volts (V).

The voltage between two points a and b in an electric circuit is the energy (or
work) needed to move a unit charge from a to b; mathematically,

where w is energy in joules (J) and q is charge in coulombs (C). The voltage or
simply v is measured in volts (V), named in honor of the Italian physicist
Alessandro Antonio Volta.
1 volt 1 joule/coulomb 1 newton-meter/coulomb
Voltage
• Like electric current, a constant voltage is called a dc voltage and is
represented by V, whereas a sinusoidally time-varying voltage is called
an ac voltage and is represented by v.
Power and Energy
• Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, measured in
watts (W).

where p is power in watts (W), w is energy in joules (J), and t is time in seconds (s).

As: , ,

or
Power and Energy
• The power absorbed or supplied by an element is the product of the
voltage across the element and the current through it

• If the power has a positive sign (+), power is being delivered to or


absorbed by the element.

• If the power has a negative sign (-), power is being supplied by the
element.
Power and Energy
• The power absorbed or supplied by an element is the product of the
voltage across the element and the current through it

• If the power has a positive sign (+), power is being delivered to or


absorbed by the element.

• If the power has a negative sign (-), power is being supplied by the
element.
Power and Energy
Passive sign convention is satisfied :
• when the current enters through the positive terminal of an element
and p =+ vi or vi>0.
• If the current enters through the negative terminal, p= -vi or vi<0.
Ohm’s Law
It states that the voltage v across a resistor is directly proportional to
the current i flowing through the resistor.

Ohm defined the constant of proportionality for a resistor to be the


resistance, R.
Ohm’s Law
• The resistance R of an element denotes its ability to resist the flow of
electric current; it is measured in ohms ( ).

And
Ohm’s Law
• If the current flows from a higher potential to a lower potential in
order for v = i R.
• If the current flows from a lower potential to a higher potential in
order for v= - i R.

You might also like