1

ABSTRACT

Object counter circuit have a wide variety of applications

in bank, hospitals, factories etc. This project focuses of building
an effective counter using IR as a sensing element and capable
of counting from 0 to 99. This project uses BC547 transistor
with simple IC 4026 with IR transmitter and receiver to detect
the incoming object.

Counters with directional detection are useful for

counting of objects moving along a predefined path. This may
find applications for counting of objects. Here we present a
simple circuit that counts the number of objects entering.
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The counter section consists of IR LED and IR

Receiver as detectors. The movement of objects including the
direction of their movement is detected by the arrangement of IR
LED and IR Receiver detector. IR Receiver is mounted opposite
to its IR LED where the object is detected.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
CHAPTER TITLE
NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 5

2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 11

3. WORKING PRINCIPLE 12

4. RESULT 13

5. APPLICATIONS 14
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6. CONCLUSION
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CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION:

In this small project, we will create a completely

automatic object counter with a simple 7 segment display. This
project is rather simple and only incorporates simple electronics.
This circuit is based on infrared to detect objects.

PREVIEW:
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The idea of this project is to create an object counter to

count small things such as components, Lego bricks, beads etc.
It will detect and count when the object passes through IR
Sensor.

The output of the photodiode will go through a NOT gate

and then into the comparator. The images above shows how the
IR pair detect an object.

7 SEGMENT COMMON CATHODE DISPLAY:

An LED or Light Emitting Diode, is a solid state optical

pn-junction diode which emitts light energy in the form of
photons. The emission of photons from a seven segment display
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occurs when the diode junction of each segment is forward

biased by an external voltage allowing current to flow across its
junction, and in electronics we call this process
electroluminescence.

BC 547 TRANSISTOR:

BC547 is a NPN transistor hence the collector and

emitter will be left open (Reverse biased) when the base pin is
held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a
signal is provided to base pin.
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IR TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER LEDs:

An IR receiver LED and an IR transmitter LED are both

types of light-emitting diodes that are used in infrared
communication.
An IR receiver LED is a device that detects infrared
signals from remote controls and other IR sources. It is typically
a small, clear, or translucent device that is sensitive to IR light in
a specific frequency range. An IR transmitter LED, on the other
hand, is a device that emitts infrared light in order to send signals
to other devices. It is a typically a small, clear, or translucent
deice that emitts IR light in a specific frequecy range.
IR receiver LED detects the IR signal from the remote,
and the IR transmitter LED emitts the IR signal from the remote.
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RESISTOR:

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or

regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit.
Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an
active device such as transistor.

IC 4026:

The 4026 Decade counter is a counter and display driver all in

one chip. The counter is a decade counter which means that it
counts from 0 to 9 and then starts again. Internal logic converts
the count to the 7 outputs (a-g) necessary to drive a seven
segment display. The outputs can provide a few mA of current,
enough to directly drive a small 7 segment LED display.
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9V BATTERY:

The 9V battery is an electric battery that supplies a

nominal voltage of 9V. Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6
Volts, depending on battery chemistry.

POTENTIOMETER:

In order to fine adjust the IR sensor, we need a

potentiometer. The potentiometer adjust the limit for the signal
in order to detect whether the distance is too close or not. The
onboard preset helps to fine-tune the range of operation, effective
distance range is 2cm to 10cm.
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CHAPTER – 2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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COMPONENTS:

1. IC 4026 5. 9V Battery
2. BC 547 Transistor 6. Potentiometer
3. IR Receiver and Transmitter 7. Connecting wires
4. Resistor 8. Push button
CHAPTER – 3
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Object counter is a counter, that counts the number
of objects passing through the IR sensor. When the power
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supply is given, the 7 segment display will be on. A signal is

passes from IR transmitter to IR receiver continuously. The
oscillator frequency can be adjusted to preset using
potentiometer. Whenever an object passes in between the IR
transmitter and IR receiver the signal between them will be cut
and impulse will be generated. That small impulse will be
transferred to the transistor BC 547 and gets amplified. The
amplified impulse will be received by the 2st IC 4026 and sends
the signal to the 2st 7 segment display, then it will be counted as
1 in the 2nd display and 0 as the 1st display. This process will be
continued till the 2nd display reaches to 9.
Whenever a carry is generated in the 2nd IC 4026,
the impulse will be transferred to the 1st IC 4026 and 2nd IC 4026
sends a signal to the 2nd display, it will be displayed as 0 instead
of 9. The 1st IC 4026 sends a signal to the 1st display and it will
be modified from 0 to 1. This above process will be continued
till it reaches to 99. When the signal is again detected the both
displays will be displayed as 0.

CHAPTER - 4
RESULT:

Infrared sensors emit infrared light and once this light

hits an object, it is reflected back to the sensor. Depending on
the strength of the reflected light, the sensor will know how far
or close an object is. The stronger the reflected signal, the closer
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the object. The weaker the signal, the farther the object is.
Finally, it will count the objects and displays the count.

CHAPTER-5

APPLICATIONS OF OBJECT COUNTER:

In today’s era of technology, the Internet of Things

(IoT) has opened the doors to innovative solutions in
various fields. One such application is an object counter
that utilizes infrared sensors in conjunction with the XIAO
RP2040 microcontroller board, offering a smart and
efficient way to count objects passing through a specific
area. Whether for inventory management, traffic
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monitoring, or other purposes, this system provides a

versatile and cost-effective solution.

Object counters or product counters are important

applications used in industries, shopping malls, etc. They
count objects or products automatically and so reduce
human efforts.

. Object counter used in counting the products

passing through an assembly line in a manufacturing
plant.

. Count the number of people entering a restaurant.

. It is used in banks for counting the number notes.

. It is used in airports, car parking systems etc...

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CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSION:

Analogue electronics components were

investigated and a op amp, a LDR, a BCD counter, a BCD
Decoder and a seven segment display were combined to
form a digital counter circuit. Different methods were
analyzed to determine the best technique for creating an
efficient counter circuit simple one was chosen and the
circuit was designed. The chosen circuit was verified. This
design was then implemented and modified to suit the
needs of the project. Problems were analyzed and
repaired where necessary until it was concluded that the
circuit had met the design criteria of the project.
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CHAPTER –7

REFERENCE:

. Phillips, BCD to 7 segment Decoder, Unknown.

Retrieved from http://www.doctronics.co.uk/4511.htm

. Phillips, BCD Up/Down Counter, Unknown.

Retrieved from http://www.doctronics.co.uk/4510.htm

. Unknown, Analogue Electronics, 2006. Retrieved

from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_electronics