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UCD Civil Engineering

Stage 2 Hydraulics 1 (CVEN20130) Dr. J O’Sullivan

Tutorial No. 1 2021 – 2022 (Tuesday 11th Oct 2021) Dr. MD Salauddin

1. Determine the force per unit length acting on the side of a concrete formwork, 2.44 m high that is used
for pouring a basement wall. The specific weight of concrete is 23.6 kN/ m3 and you can assume that
concrete in a liquid state acts on the vertical wall constructed to the height of the formwork.

2. A board 1 m by 1 m that weighs 25 N slides down an inclined ramp with a gradient to the horizontal of
20o (Figure 1). The board slides at a constant velocity of 2 cm/s. The board is separated from the ramp
by film of oil with an absolute (dynamic) viscosity of 0.05 Ns/m 2. Determine the space between the
board and ramp.
V

20o

Figure 1

3. A hydraulic jack containing oil of density 900 kg/m3 is shown in Figure 2. The diameters of the small
and large pistons of the jack are 10 cm and 30 cm respectively. Determine the mass M that can be
supported if the bases of the two pistons are at the same level if a force of 180 N is applied to the small
piston as shown. Neglect the weight of the jack components.
180 N

30 cm

Base of
small piston M
Base of large
piston
10 cm

Oil (r = 900 kg/m3)

Figure 2

4. A hydraulic jack is shown in Figure 3. If one exerts a force of 100 N on the handle of the jack, what
load, F2, can the jack support. Neglect the weight of the jack components.

Figure 3
5. Find the net hydrostatic force per unit width on the rectangular gate AB (Figure 4) and its line of
action.

Figure 4

6. For the stationary fluid shown in Figure 5, the pressure at Point B is 20 KPa greater than at Point A.
Determine the specific weight of the manometer fluid.

Figure 5

7. Determine the elevation difference, h, between the water levels in the two open tanks shown in Figure
6 below.

Figure 6

8. A differential manometer with identical circular enlarged ends of area ‘A’ comprises oil and water as
shown in Figure 6. The U-tube has a cross-sectional diameter that is 1/10 that of the enlarged ends.
The heavy liquid used is water and the lighter liquid in both limbs is oil of relative density 0.82. This
manometer, in Figure 7, is being used to measure the pressure difference between two points of a
system conveying air under pressure.
 Cross-sectional
area (in plan) of ‘A’

O O

Cross-sectional Oil
area of ‘a’ Oil

O O

Water

Figure 7

P2
P1
y
O y O

h
50 mm
O O

Figure 8

(i) Assuming that the surfaces of the lighter liquid remain in the enlarged ends of the manometer,
determine the pressure difference in mm of water for the manometer displacement of 50 mm shown
in Figure 8.
(ii) What would be the manometer reading if a liquid with a relative density of 1.6 were used instead of
the water, assuming the same pressure conditions.

9. Two layers of non-mixed fluid, AB and BC, with different densities are contained in the tank with plan
dimensions 4 m x 4 m as shown in Figure 9.
A

r = 750 kg/m3 3m
B

r = 1000 kg/m3
5m
C

Figure 9
(i) Plot the hydrostatic pressure distribution in the system;
and determine:
(ii) The total thrust force and its location on the base of the tank.
(iii) The total thrust force on a side of the tank.
(iv) The location of this thrust force on the side of the tank.

10. Three layers of non-mixed fluid, AB, BC and CD with different densities are contained in the tank of plan
dimensions 4 m x 4 m in Figure 10.
 A

r = 800 kg/m3 1m
B

r = 900 kg/m3 1m
C

r = 1000 kg/m3 1m
D

Figure 10

(i) Plot the hydrostatic pressure distribution in the system;

and determine:
(ii) The total thrust force and its location on the base of the tank.
(iii) The total thrust force on a side of the tank.
(iv) The location of this thrust force on the side of the tank.