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UNIT5 2marks

Two mark question answers of Building automation

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25 views8 pages

UNIT5 2marks

Two mark question answers of Building automation

Uploaded by

rsnkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT- V

RECENT ADVANCES

1. Write about the input / output channels?

The input/output channels provide signal conditioning and


isolation functions so that sensors and actuators can be
generally directly connected to them without the need for
other circuitry. Common input voltages are 5 V and 24V.
Common output voltages are 24 V and 240 V.

2. Write about the relay?

With the relay type, the signal from the PLC output is used to
operate a relay and so is able to switch currents of the order of
a few amperes in an external circuit. The relay isolates the
PLC from the external circuit and can be used for both D.C. and
A.C. switching. Relays are, however, relatively slow to operate.

3. What are opto isolators?

Opto isolators are used with transistor switches to provide


isolation between the external circuit and the PLC. They are
also used to provide isolation.

110. What are the methods used for input / output processing?

There are two methods used for input / output processing.


They are

a. Continuous updating

b. Mass input/output copying.


4. What is continuous updating?

This involves the CPU scanning the input channels as they


occur in the program instructions. Each input point is
examined individually and its effect on the program
determined. Each input is scanned with a 3 ms delay, before
the program has the instruction for a logic operation to be
executed and an output to occur. This process is called
continuous updating.

5. What is the disadvantage of continuous updating?

Because of the 3 ms delay in the continuous updating on each


input, the time taken to examine several hundred input/output
points can become comparatively long.

6. Write about the mass input/output copying?

To allow a more rapid execution of a program, a specific area


of RAM is used as a buffer store between the control logic and
the input/output unit. At the start of each program cycle the
CPU scans all the inputs and copies their status into the
input/output address in RAM. At the end of each program cycle
all the outputs are transferred from RAM to the output
channels. The outputs are latched so that they retain their
status until the next updating

7. What is a LATCH circuit?

The term latch circuit is used for the circuit used to carry out
such an operation. It is a self – maintaining circuit in that, after
being energized, it maintains that state until another input is
received. It remembers its last state.

8. Define the term point and delay–on?


The term point is used for a data point and so is a timing,
marker (internal relay) or counter element. Thus, the 16 points
for timers means that there are 16 timer circuits. The term
delay on is used to indicate that this type of timer waits for a
fixed delay period before turning on.

9. Write about timer circuit?

A timer circuit is specified by stating the interval to be times


and the conditions or events that are to start and / or stop the
timer. They are commonly regarded as delays with coils which,
when energized, result in the closing or opening of input
contacts after some preset time.

10. Write about internal relays?

The term internal relay, auxiliary relay or marker is used for


what can be considered as an internal relay in the PLC. These
behave like relays with their associated contacts, but in reality
are not actual relays with their associated by the software of
the PLC. Internal relays are often used when there are
programs with multiple input conditions.

11. Write about counters?

Counters are used when there is a need to count a specified


number of contact operations. Example – where items pass
along a conveyor into boxes, and when the specified number of
items has passed into a box the next item is diverted into
another box.

12. What is an up counter?


An up counter would count up to the preset value i.e., events
are added until the number reaches the set value. When the
set value is reached the counters contact changes state.

13. What is a down counter?

Down counter means that the computer counts down from the
preset value to zero i.e., events are subtracted from the set
value. When zero is reached the counters contact changes
state.

14. Write about shift register?

The term shift register is used because the bits can be shifted
along by one bit when there is a suitable input to the register.

15. What are the inputs of shift register?

There are three inputs of shift register. They are,

a. One to load data into the first element of the register (OUT).

b. One as the shift command (SFT).

c. One for resetting (RST).

16. What the operations that are carried out with a PLC on
data words?

The operations that are carried out with a PLC on data words
are,

a. Moving data
b. Comparison of magnitudes of data

c. Arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction

d. Conversions between binary coded decimal (BCD), binary


and octal.

17. What is the criteria need for the selection of a PLC?

The criteria needed for the selection of a PLC are the


following.

a. Input/output capacity is required.

b. Types of inputs/outputs are required.

c. Size of memory required.

d. Speed and power is required for the CPU.

18. What are the numbers of stages in the design process?

The design process can be considered as a number of stages.


They are,

a. The need

b. Analysis of the problem

c. Preparation of a specification

d. Generation of possible solutions

e. Selections of a suitable solution


f. Production of a detailed design

g. Production of working drawings.

19. What are the advantages of the microprocessor controlled


system?

The microprocessor controlled system can cope easily with


giving precision and programmed control. The system is much
more flexible. This improvement in flexibility is a common
characteristic of Mechatronics systems when compared with
traditional systems.

20. What is the advantage of using PLC solution over


mechanical solution?

A PLC solution could involve the arrangement with the given


ladder program. This would have the advantage over the
rotating cam of having off and on times which can be adjusted
by purely changing the timer preset values in the program
whereas a different cam is needed if the times have to be
changed with the mechanical solution.

21. What are the axes of a pick and place robot?

The robot has three axes about which motion can occur.

a. Rotation in a clockwise or counter clockwise direction of


the unit on its base.

b. Arm extension or contraction and arm up or down.

c. Gripper can open or close.


22. How do the movements of robot take place?

Clockwise rotation of the unit might result from the piston in a


cylinder being extended and the counter clockwise direction
by its retraction. Likewise the upward movement of the arm
might result from the piston in a linear cylinder being extended
and the downward motion from it retracting, the extension of
the arm by the piston in another cylinder extending and its
return movement by the piston retracting.

23. What is the use of PLC in automatic car park system?

An illustration of the use of a PLC in the coin operated barriers


for a car park. The in-barrier is to open when the correct
money is inserted in the collection box and the out – barrier is
to open when a car is detected at the car park side of the
barrier.

24. How does a car park barrier works?

When a current flows through the solenoid of valve, the piston


in a cylinder moves upwards and causes the barrier to rotate
about its pivot and rise to let a car through.

25. Write about the engine speed sensor?

The engine speed sensor is an inductive sensor and consists of


a coil for which the inductance changes as the teeth of the
sensor wheel pass it and so results in an oscillating voltage.

26. How is the voltage produced by the oxygen sensor?

The oxygen sensor is generally a closed – end tube made of


zirconium oxide with porous platinum electrodes on the inner
and outer surfaces. Above about 3000C, the sensor becomes
permeable to oxygen ions with the result that a voltage is
produced between the electrodes.
27. Give some applications of microprocessor.

The examples of the microprocessor are,

a. Microprocessor Controlled Temperature System (MCTS)

b. Stepper motor control

c. Traffic light controller.

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