This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1840 − 96 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Guide for
Raman Shift Standards for Spectrometer Calibration1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide covers Raman shift values for common 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 liquid and solid chemicals that can be used for wavenumber E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy calibration of Raman spectrometers. The guide does not E1683 Practice for Testing the Performance of Scanning include procedures for calibrating Raman instruments. Instead, Raman Spectrometers this guide provides reliable Raman shift values that can be used as a complement to low-pressure arc lamp emission lines 3. Terminology which have been established with a high degree of accuracy 3.1 Definitions—Terminology used in this guide conforms and precision. to the definitions set forth in Terminology E131. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4. Significance and Use standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 4.1 Wavenumber calibration is an important part of Raman analysis. The calibration of a Raman spectrometer is performed iTeh Standards 1.3 Some of the chemicals specified in this guide may be hazardous. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to or checked frequently in the course of normal operation and even more often when working at high resolution. To date, the (https://standards.iteh.ai) consult material safety data sheets and other pertinent infor- mation to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to most common source of wavenumber values is either emission lines from low-pressure discharge lamps (for example,
Document Preview mercury, argon, or neon) or from the non-lasing plasma lines of their use. the laser. There are several good compilations of these well- 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the established values (1-8).3 The disadvantages of using emission safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the lines are that it can be difficult to align lamps properly in the ASTM appro- responsibility of the user of this standard to establish E1840-96(2022) sample position and the laser wavelength must be known priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/ff7a0e71-97c4-48bf-9048-bcce4ce98f8b/astm-e1840-962022 accurately. With argon, krypton, and other ion lasers commonly mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. used for Raman the latter is not a problem because lasing 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- wavelengths are well known. With the advent of diode lasers dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- and other wavelength-tunable lasers, it is now often the case ization established in the Decision on Principles for the that the exact laser wavelength is not known and may be Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- difficult or time-consuming to determine. In these situations it mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical is more convenient to use samples of known relative wave- Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. number shift for calibration. Unfortunately, accurate wavenum- ber shifts have been established for only a few chemicals. This
1 2 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on Molecular For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Spectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM mittee E13.08 on Raman Spectroscopy. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally the ASTM website. 3 approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1840 – 96 (2014). The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of DOI: 10.1520/E1840-96R22. the text.
iTeh Standards (https://standards.iteh.ai) FIG. 1 Naphthalene Document Preview guide provides the Raman spectroscopist with average shift 5.1.1 The eight materials were selected to cover a wide values determined in seven laboratories for sevenASTM pureE1840-96(2022) com- wavenumber range (from 85 cm−1 to 3327 cm−1) for both https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/ff7a0e71-97c4-48bf-9048-bcce4ce98f8b/astm-e1840-962022 pounds and one liquid mixture. solids and liquids. They have no known polymorphs, and several batches were examined. All of the chemicals are readily 5. Raman Shift Standards available at high purity from commercial sources such as 5.1 Reagents and Methodology—Raman shifts were mea- Aldrich.5 Six of the laboratories in the study used FT-Raman sured in seven laboratories for the following eight materials: spectrometers; one used a scanning Raman system; and one Compound Source employed a multichannel spectrometer. The shift values were Naphthalene Mallinckrodt4 determined independently by each laboratory; only an approxi- 1,4-Bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene (a laser dye) Aldrich5 Sulfur Aldrich5 mate spectrum without peak frequencies was provided as a 50/50 (v/v) toluene/acetonitrile Mallinckrodt4 guide. No wavenumber calibration procedure was 4-Acetamidophenol6 Aldrich5 recommended, but each laboratory used their own calibration Benzonitrile Aldrich5 Cyclohexane Mallinckrodt4 procedure to obtain the most accurate data possible. Polystyrene Aldrich5 5.2 Data—Figs. 1-8 and Tables 1-8 give representative spectra and peak data for the eight standards. Uncorrected, 4 relative peak intensities determined with a SPEX 1403 scan- Available from Mallinckrodt, 16305 Swingley Ridge Dr., Chesterfield, MO 63017. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ning double monochromator (1200 lines/mm gratings) and ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider- RCA 31034A photomultiplier tube with 514.5 nm excitation ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend. are included to help the user match spectral peaks with the 5 Available from Aldrich, 1001 W. St. Paul Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53233. If you tabulated shift values. Average shifts and standard deviations are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a (σN−1) appear in the tables. With the exception of a few values meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend. at low and high Raman shifts, only values with standard 6 The active ingredient of Tylenol, a registered trademark of McNeil-PPC. If you deviations less than 1.0 cm−1 are reported. Most of the are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a unreported peaks were weak, had poor shape, or overlapped meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend. other bands causing unacceptably high uncertainty in the data.
iTeh Standards (https://standards.iteh.ai) NOTE 1—Lower three frequencies are averages of only 1 to 3 values. Document Preview FIG. 3 Sulfur
Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy: An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry Based on Standards of Absorbed Dose To Water
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