UNED - EEII - Literatura Inglesa 2.

2 - EXAM GLOSSARY (2023)

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1. A Vindication of An argumentative piece, written by Mary Wollstonecraft in

the Rights of response to Edmund Burke "Reflexions on the Revolution
Men in France" (1790), in which she makes a warm defense of
the Revolution and the English underprivileged.

2. Albatross White and large-sized sea bird that is present in *The

Ancient Mariner* by *Samuel Taylor Coleridge*.

3. Algernon One of the *Yellow Book Poets* who, in *Poems and

Charles Ballads*, Series 1
SWINBURNE circulated overtly *erotic* and occasionally *blasphe-
mous* poetry.

4. Ann Radcliffe An accomplished Gothic novelist, author of *The Myster-

ies of Udolpho*.

5. Antithesis A rhetorical figure consisting of the counterposition of

words, phrases or ideas that have opposite meanings of
which Infant Joy and Infant Sorrow are examples.

6. Aurora Leigh A verse novel, the first work in English by a woman writer
in which the heroine herself is an author.

7. Benjamin Dis- Novelist and stateman who was twice Prime Minister
raeli (1868 and 1874-80) reigning Queen Victoria.

8. Bertha Mason Rochester's mad wife and Jane's opposite in the novel
Jane Eyre. She is referred as "the madwoman in the attic"
in the novel.

9. Bildungsroman A genre that details the growth and development of a main

character through several periods of life.

10. Bluestocking Intelligent and well-educated woman who spends most of

her time studying. The bluestockings remained targets of
masculine scorn in the 19th century. The name, related to
informal dress, comes from *The Blue Stocking Society*,
founded by *Lady Montagu* in 1750, aimed to replace
social evenings with more intellectual activities.

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11. The Byronic It is a character-type found in Byron's celebrated narra-
Hero tive poem "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage", his verse drama
"Manfred", and other works. He is a boldly defiant but
bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of
social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin.

12. Byronism The personality cult of the most popular of the English
Romantics who enjoyed not only commercial succes but
also celebrity and notoriety unprecedented and spread all
over Europe.

13. Byronism Term referring to the cult that swept Europe before and
after Lord Byron's death, which made him one of the
century's most significant writers.

14. Charles Darwin Author of "The Origin of Species" (1859), in which he

exposed his theory of evolution and natural selection

15. Chartism Name given to groups who supported the petition known
as the *People's Charte*(1838). It's goals are: Annual
parliaments, universal suffrage for men, abolition of the
property qualification for members of the house of com-
mons, a secret ballot, equal electoral districts, salaries for
the members of the parliament.

16. Christina Ros- Pre-Raphaelite poet behind the pseudonym Ellen Alleyn
setti in the magazine The Germ.

17. Dangerous world It is a term that designates the Industrial Revolution and
that William Blake compares it with the fiend.

18. Della Cruscans A group of poets that gathered around Robert Merry
and wrote rethorically ornate and emotional poems of
sentibility.

19. Don Juan Written by Lord Byron. The longest satirical poem and the
longest poem of any kind in English.

20. Dopplegänger

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A story that either revolves around two central characters
functioning as doubles of one another or, alternatively, to
a fiction about an individual whose personality is divided.

21. Dopplegänger Term referring to a story that either revolves around two
central characters functioning as doubles of one another
or, alternatively, to a fiction about and individual whose
personality is divided. (The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and
Mr Hyde by R. Louis Stevenson)

22. Dorothy The name of Worthsworth's sister, who accompained him

Worthsworth on his second visit to the Wye Valley in his poem "Lines
composed a Few Miles avobe Tintern Abbey"

23. Ellen Alleyn Pseudonym under which Christina Rosetti, author of Gob-
lin Market, published poems in the literary magazine start-
ed by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which only lasted
for 4 issues.

24. English Ja- After 1792, those in Britain who supported the ideals of
cobins the Revolution and political reform, and were subject to
persecution.

25. Gerard Manley Pioneering figure of modern literature.

Hopkins

26. Goblin Market Complex representation of the religious themes of temp-

tation and sin.

27. James Gillray, One of the key caricaturists of Romantic period who
George and Is- produced large numbers of hand-coloured etchings on
saac Gruick- political events.
shank and
Thomas Row-
landson

28. Joy It is the name with which the child of the poem of William
Blake is identified and that can also amount to an emo-
tion.

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29. Leigh Hunt Name of a poet and journalist who owned the journal The
Examiner and a supporter of Keat's work.

30. Lord Byron The most popular poet of the Romantic age. His most
famous comic epic is Don Juan. The myth of the Byronic
hero was established by the poet's death. Childe Harold's
Pilgrimage made him famous.

31. Luddites A powerful working-class movement in Nottingham and

the manufacturing districts of Yorkshire that appears in
Charlotte Bronte's "Shirley".They brought attention to the
combination of political, economic and social conditions
that oppresssed workers.

32. Lyrical Ballads Wordsworth and Coleridge's work which is known for
its concern with low and rustic life, and their stress on
emotion.

33. Married Women's Acts granting women the right to possess the wages they
Property Act earned after marriage.

34. Mary Woll- A woman writer of the Romantic period known by her
stonecraft radical views on women political rights and mother of a
Gothic author.

35. Mental Theatre / Drama to be read but not to perfomed.

Closet drama

36. Mental Theatre / The major dramatic form for Romantic writers. Drama to
Closet drama be read but not performed.

37. Methodism 18th century religious movement founded by John Wesley

that intended to reform the Church of England from within.

38. Methodism The term of a movement that began in the eighteenth

century as a religious society that wished to reform the
Church of England from within. A movement founded by
John Wesley, an Anglican clergyman.

39. Methodism
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A movement begun in the eighteenth century as a reli-
gious society that wished to reform the Church of England
from within. It became separate from the Anglican Church
and was founded by John Wesley.

40. Orientalism Name given to the European fascination with the East, its
languages and literatures, in the Romantic Age.

41. Ottava Rima An eight-line stanza in which the initial interlaced rhymes
(ababab) build up to the comic turn in the final couplet
(cc). This kind of stanza appears in Lord Byron's Don
Juan, for example.

42. Penny Dread- Pejorative term used to refer to inexpensive sensational

ful (or shilling literature during the nineteenth century.
shockers)

43. Penny Press Affordable and usually sensational popular fiction, some-
times known as ''penny dreadfuls'' and ''shilling shockers''.

44. Rochester A male character in one of Charlotte Bronte´s novel. He

remains a mysterious person throughout the novel and
not even Jane is capable of understanding him until the
end of the story, when he has undergone a deep physical
and moral change.

45. Romanticism A cultural movement which is opposite to 18th-century

neo-classicism.

46. Satanic School English poets (Byron, Shelley, Leigh Hunt) fascinated by
of Poetry the forbidden and the appeal of the terrifying yet seductive
Satan-like hero (Prometheus, Cain, Don Juan, the Wan-
dering Jew) It was a pejorative label given by the poet
Robert Southey, who considered their poetry character-
ized by a Satanic pride and impiety.

47. Satanic School The name which Robert Southey identified with the group
of Poetry constituted by Byron and Percy Shelley, who shared En-
lightenment scepticism and a liberal oppositional stance
to the Tory government of their day.
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48. Sensibility It was an eighteenth-century movement that stressed

the importance of the emotions and feelings in human
relationships.

49. Silver-fork nov- Subgenre of prose fiction with depictions of high society
els during the Victorian age.

50. Sir Walter Scott The Romantic novel after 1814 was dominated by...

51. Sunday Schools Informal sites for the education of the poor that long
antedated state-supported schools.

52. The Edinburgh The two leading literary reviews of the nineteenth century
Review and The [...] The ""Edinburgh"" was sympathetic to the Whig, pro-
Quarterly Review fessional and liberal intellectual audience [...] The "Quar-
terly", set up to counter the influence of the elder journal,
was sympathetic to the conservative and Tory cause,
regarding itself as the 'literary police'.

53. The familiar es- Hazlitt, Lamb and De Quincey collectively developed this
say Romantic form. Intimate-feeling commentaries, often pre-
sented as if prompted by incidents in the authors' private
lives, on an eclectic range of topics.

54. The First Genera- William Blake, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor
tion of Romantic Coleridge.
Poets

55. The Four Zoas William Blake's first attempt to articulate his full myth of
humanity's present, past, and future.

56. The Giaour Tale by Lord Byron telling the flight of an 'Infidel' from
the court of a Turkish despot. The first of Byron's Eastern
Tales that has been interpreted as a poem about the clash
of world-views between Muslim and Christian and their
struggle over the contested territory of Greece.

57. The Indian An important rebellion against British rule that erupted
Mutiny in 1857-1858. It began when some Muslim and Hino
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soldiers disobeyed British orders because they were of-
fensive to their religious beliefs. It was known in India as
"The First War of Independence".

58. The Lake School A school of poets under Wordsworth, Coleridge and
of poets Southey were grouped together by Francis Jeffrey. They
all lived in the Lake District of north-west England and
formed a coherent school of poetry.

59. The Lake School Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were grouped to-
of poets gether as the 'Lake School of Poets' [...] for the 1817
""Edinburgh Review"" [...] a group of poets who, at one
time or another, all lived in the Lake District [...] and
formed, in some way, a coherent school of poetry.

60. The Lake School Group of poets who lived in the Lake District of England
of Poets and took part in the Romantic Movement. Wordsworth,
Coleridge and Southey were grouped together with this
name by Francis Jeffrey in The Edinburgh Review.

61. The Lake School Group of poets formed by Wordswoth, Coleridge and
of Poets Southey who at one time or another, all lived in the Lake
distirct.

62. The Necessity of The pamphlet from Percy Bysshe Shelley and his friend
Atheism Thomas Jefferson Hogg that cuased the expulsion of
Shelley from Oxford University.

63. The New Woman "The New Women","Literary figure and a social reality
before the 1890's. Rejecting the ideology that consigned
women to the home. They demonstrated their indepen-
dence by flouting conventional feminine behaviour - e.g.
by wearing clothing that allowed greater freedom of move-
ment.

64. The New Woman A literary figure and a social reality of the Victorian
era in which 'feminist heroines challenged society's con-
struction of the feminine and demanded their emanci-
pation'.This greater emphasis on a psychological explo-

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ration of women's lives provided more authentic depic-
tions of women.

65. The Pilgrim's A book written by John Bunyan that was widely read in
Progress the nineteenth century and that, in the moral tradition
of religious and didactic works, describes the struggle
of human beings between good and evil forces in their
search for heavenly peace.

66. The It refers to a group of seven painters, poets and sculptors

Pre-Raphaelite banded together in 1848. They shared a commitment to
Brotherhood the close study of nature to counter what they believed
was the Royal Academy slavish deference to the for-
malism typified by the late. Renaissance masters who
followed Raphael.

67. The Second Gen- Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats.
eration of Ro-
mantic Poets

68. Tintern Abbey It is one of the most celebrated and discussed poems os
the Romantic period, written by William Wordsworth.

69. Loco-descrip- A type of poem inspired by a place that it described

tive poem and often associated with the poetic speaker's feelings
and emotions the colletion Lyrical Ballads included an
emblematic example.

70. Tintern Abbey The title of a meditative poem written in measured blank
verse which celebrates its author's rediscovery of the
capacity of feel. It corresponds to an established kind of
poem, the loco-descriptive or prospect poem. It is includ-
ed in the collection of poems Lyrical Ballads (1798).

71. Triple-decker Standard format for fiction during the nineteenth century
novel unaffordable to the average reader.

72. The 1814 Copy- extended copyright to twenty-eight years from the date of
right Act publication, or until the end of the author's lifetime.

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73. Waverley In 1814, Sir Walter Scott published his first novel about
the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745.

74. William Blake Romantic poet who tended to use a range of symbols,
methaphores and allusions in order to ilustrate the visual
impact of a written text, accompanied by apocalyptic illus-
trations.

75. William Blake His concern with the dialectic between innocence and
experience, two stages of life through which the individual
must pass, became a deeply Romantic notion. Some of
his most famous lyrics are "London" or "The Fly". He
developed a technique of engraving and printing his own
designs to accompany his poetry.

76. William Blake His personal vision, expressed in a highly symbolic lan-
guage and form, was seen to inaugurate a new kind of
revolutionary writing.

77. William Make- The tension between romantic and realistic impulses is
peace Thakeray everywhere evident in the novels of...

78. Woman of Ge- Woman whose distinctive individuality determines her os-
nius tracism, being the female equivalent to the Satanic hero.
In Robinson, Hemans, and Landon, she appears as a
modern variation of the legend of Sappho, the ill-fated
Greek poet who triumphed in poetry but died of love. The
opposite of the Victorian modesty.

79. The picturesque An eighteen-century theory which stressed notions

such as variety, irregularity, ruggedness, singularity and
chiaroscuro (patterns of light and dark) in the appreciation
of landscape. Landscape should be viewed as a painting.

80. Spirit of the Age Many writers felt that there was something distinctive
about their time, a pervasive intellectual and imaginative
climate, which some of them called ...They had the sense
that (as Keats wrote) "Great spirits now on earth are
sojourning" and that there was evidence of the *experi-
mental boldness* that marks a literary renaissance.
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81. Lyrical Ballads Key literary document of romanticism produced in *1798*

by *Wordsworth and *Coleridge*

82. decorum Principle of traditional poetry contested bby Wordsworth

and Coleridge.

83. Jane Austen Writer who failed to reflect or give account of the up-
heavals of her time, whether *political* as in the French
and other revolutions, or *social*, as in the transforma-
tion of Britain into an industrial power and the attendant
demographic shift from countryside to town.

84. "Shewing the subtitle of *Songs of Innocence and of Experience*

two contrary
states of the hu-
man soul"

85. Illuminated print- A variety of printing famously used by one of the canonical
ing Romantic English poets, consisting in accompanying the
poem's text with visual illustration.

86. The Albatross In S. T. Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, the
seabird around which the poem's symbolism revolves.

87. Adonaïs An elegiac poem written by *P. B. Shelley* upon the pre-
mature death of a fellow poet, *Keats*

88. Sense and Sensi- The first novel published by Jane Austen; it appeared
bility anonymousl in 1811.

89. John Keats A Romantic poet who reached a creative peak with a
series of Odes one of them dedicated to an ancient art
object

90. The Windhover A famous Victorian poem dedicated to a bird described

as "this morning morning's minion, kingdom of daylight's
dauphin".

91.
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Mary Woll- An eighteenth-century female author whose novels, char-
stonecraft acterised by liberal political views, were a key contribution
to the Revolution Controversy in England.

92. The Necessity of A pamphlet that P. B. Shelley wrote as a student, and

Atheism which caused him to be expelled from Oxford.

93. My Last Duchess A famous dramatic monologue by Robert Browning, cen-

tred on the observation of a lady's portrait.

94. Maria Edgeworth A novelist, contemporary with Jane Austen, who wrote
"regional" fiction representing Ireland's picturesque folk
culture.

95. Cockney school The derogatory term used by Blackwood's Magazine to

include London "commoner" poets like Keats.

96. Inscape In Hopkins's worldview, the distinctive design that consti-

tutes individual identity and characterises everything in
the universe.

97. Lyrical Ballads A poetry collection published in 1798, containing com-

positions telling of "incidents and situations of common
life," expressed "in a selection of language really used by
men".

98. Friedrich Engels A German philosopher who, during the Victorian era,
spent twenty months observing industrial conditions in
Manchester, and then wrote about this experience.

99. The Cry of the A poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, defined as "a
Children powerful Indictment of the appalling use of Child labour".

100. Instress The inherent energy and individuality that defines and
distinguishes an object or being, reflecting its unique
essence.

101. The Spirit of the an expression used to describe the bold innovation, in-
Age. tense individualism and questioning of neoclassicism that

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characterised Romantic poetry. William Hazlitt chose this
phrase as the title of a collection of essays.

102. Byronism the personality cult of the most popular of the English
Romantics, who enjoyed not only commercial success,
but also celebrity and notoriety that were unprecedented
and spread all over Europe.

103. Setting a term which refers to, among other things, the general
environment that surrounds a scene, the s ace and time
in which lot events unfold or the social context in which
characters live and act.

104. Utilitarianism An ethical principle that values an action in terms of its

maximum usefulness. The practical effects of this princi-
ple are devastatingly portrayed by Charles Dickens in his
novel Hard Times.

105. The Sublime The powerful depiction of subjects that are vast, obscure,
and powerful; of greatness that is incomparable or un-
measurable. The term is related, for instance, to the Ro-
mantic portrayal of nature.

106. Orientalism The European fascination with an East that was magical,
paradisial, sensual, but also cruel and despotic; the in-
fluence of this movement can be observed, among other
Romantic works, in Coleridge's "Kubla Khan".

107. Thornfield Hall The name of Mr Rochester's house in Jane Eyre.

108. The Strange The title of a most outstanding novel by R. L. Stevenson

Case of Dr. Jekyll published in 1886, which revolves about an individual
and Mr. Hyde whose personality is divided.

109. Childe Harold's The name of a poetic work written by Lord Byron in the
Pilgrimage Spenserian stanza which tells the story of a man who
goes off to travel far and wide because he is disgusted
with life's foolish pleasures. The different places that he
visits give the poet an opportunity to describe what once
happened in them.
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110. Lyrical Ballads In the Preface to this work a great romantic poet estab-
lished a revolutionary literary manifesto that would deter-
mine the philosophical and poetic basis far the Romantic
poetry of the period.

111. Bertha Mason The name of Rochester's first wife, who is kept captive in
Jane Eyre.

112. Goblin Market A poem by Christina Rossetti where desire is portrayed

through the narrative of delicious fruit being sold and
eaten by strange creatures from the forest.

113. The Angel in the A long poem written by Coventry Patmore that significant-
House ly entitled and which became a best-seller in England
and the United States, epitomises the Victorian traditional
view of women's role

114. Serial publica- A mode of publication which, in Victorian times, height-

tion ened novelists' sense of structure and reception, as well
as stimulating readers' curiosity.

115. Pip The name of the protagonist of one of Charles Dickens's

best-known novels; a young man who has the opportunity
to climb the social ladder (this being one of the central
themes).

116. Middlemarch A Victorian work of fiction that Virginia Woolf defined as

"one of the few English novels written for grown-up peo-
ple".

117. George Eliot The pen name of Mary Ann Evans

118. Mary Ann Evans The person behind the pseudonym George Eliot

119. Spinster Historically, it referred to an unmarried woman, typically

beyond the usual age of marriage.

120. Naratee The receiver of the story, the person to whom it is told
by the narrator. It is often part of the story (typically, sec-
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ondary characters listening), although it can be assumed
to be the general readership.

121. Time of Troubles The economic and social difficulties attendant on indus-
trialization were so severe that the 1830s and 1840s were
know as...

122. Chartist A working-class movement in 19th-century Britain that

advocated for political and social reforms

123. The Age of Im- Also known as the Age of Reform, refers to a period in
provement British history spanning the late 18th and early 19th cen-
turies. It was characterized by various social, political, and
economic changes aimed at improving and modernizing
different aspects of society.

124. Higher Criticism Also known as historical criticism or biblical criticism,

refers to a method of analyzing and interpreting religious
texts, particularly the Bible, in a scholarly and historical
context. It emerged in the late 18th and 19th centuries as
a response to the growing influence of the Enlightenment
and the development of historical and scientific methods
of inquiry.

125. Separate an ideology that claimed that woman had a special nature
Spheres peculiarly fit for her domestic role.

126. The Pickwick Pa- Book by Charles Dickens that popularised *serial publica-
pers tion*

127. Elopement The act of running away together and marrying in secret,
typically against the wishes or without the knowledge of
family or societal conventions.

128. Risorgimento the movement to unify Italy as a nation-state, in which

Italy's struggle for freedom and identity found resonance
with Elizabeth Barrett's

129. *Elizabeth Barrett's* poem in support of the *abolitionist*

cause
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"The Runaway
Slave at Pilgrim's
Point"

130. Sprung rhythm A poetic meter or rhythmical system that was developed
by the English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. It is a unique
and distinctive rhythmic pattern that deviates from the reg-
ularity of traditional poetic meters like iambic or trochaic.

131. Verse Novel A term used to define Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Aurora
Leigh, and alluding to the combination of traits from the
two main literary genres.

132. Goblin Market A Victorian narrative poem by a female poet; it combines

elements of lyrical poetry, fable, the ballad and devotional
verse.

133. Sprung Rhythm A metric system created by Gerard Manley Hopkins, in

which lines have a given number of stresses, but the
number and placement of unstressed syllables is highly
variable.

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