Mathematics 2210 Calculus III

Practice Final Examination

1. Find the symmetric equations of the line through the point (3,2,1) and perpendicular
to the plane 7x − 3y + z = 14.

Solution. The vector V = 7I − 3J + K is orthogonal to the given plane, so points in

the direction of the line. If we let X0 = 3I + 2J + K, then the condition for X to be the
vector to a point on the line is X − X0 is collinear with V, which gives us the symmetric
equations
x−3 y−2 z−1
= = .
7 −3 1
2. Find the equation of the plane through the points (0,-1,1), (1,0,1) and (1,2,2).

Solution. The vectors from the first point (call it X0 ) to the second and third points are
U = I + J, V = I + 3J + K. Since U, V lie on the plane U × V is normal to the plane.
We calculate N = U × V = I − J + 2K. Thus the equation of the plane is

X · N = X0 · N , or x − y + 2z = 3 .

3. A particle moves through the plane as a function of time: X(t) = t2 I + 2t3 J. Find
the unit tangent and normal vectors, and the tangential and normal components of the
acceleration.
√
Solution. V = 2tI + 6t2 J, A = 2I + 12tJ. Thus ds/dt = 2t 1 + 9t2 and

I + 3tJ −3tI + J
T= √ , N= √ .
1 + 9t2 1 + 9t2

Then
2 + 36t2 6t
aT = A · T = √ , aN = A · N = √ .
1 + 9t2 1 + 9t2

4. A particle moves through space as a function of time:

X(t) = cos tI + t sin tJ + tK .

For this motion, find T, N, the the tangential and normal components of the acceleration,
and the curvature at time t = 3π/2.

Solution. V = − sin tI + (sin t + t cos t)J + K , A = − cos tI + (2 cos t − t sin t)J. Evaluate
at t = 3π/2:
3π
V =I−J+K , A= J.
2
1
Then
V π√ π
aT = A · T = A · =− 3, aN N = A − aT T = (I + 2J + K)
|V| 2 2
so
π√ I + 2J + K
aN = 6, N= √ .
2 6

5. The particle of problem 3 moves in opposition to the force field F(x, y, z) = xI−yJ−K.
How much work is required to move the particle from (1,0,0) to (1, 0, 2π)?

Solution. The curve is parametrized by X(t) = cos tI + t sin tJ + tK, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π, so along
the curve

F = cos tI − t sin tJ − K , dX = (− sin tI + (sin t + t cos t)J + K)dt .

Thus the work is

Z Z 2π
F · dX = (− cos t sin t − t sin t(sin t + t cos t) − 1)dt = −2π .
C 0

This calculation can be avoided by noticing that F is a gradient field: F = ∇f , with

f (x, y, z) = (x2 − y 2 )/2 − z. Thus
Z
F · dX = f (1, 0, 2π) − f (1, 0, 0) = −2π .
C

6. Find the critical points of

1
f (x, y) = 3xy + − ln y
x
in the first quadrant. Classify as local maximum or minimum or saddle point.

Solution. ∇f = (3y − 1/x2 )I + (3x − 1/y)J. We solve ∇f = 0 : 3y = x−2 , 3x = y −1

give x2 = x, so x = 0 or x = 1. Since x = 0 is not in the first quadrant, the only critical
point is (1,1/3). At this point fxx = −2x−3 = −2, fyy = y −2 = 9, and fxy = 3. Thus
D = (−2)(9) − 9 = −27, and (1.1/3) is a saddle point.

7. The temperature distribution on the surface x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 is given by T (x, y, z) =

xz + yz. Find the hottest spot.

Solution. In the language of Lagrange multipliers, the objective function is T (x, y, z) =

xz + yz, and the constraint is g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1. The gradients are ∇T =
zI + zJ + (x + y)K, ∇g = 2(xI + yJ + zK). The Lagrange equations are

z = λx , z = λy , x + y = λz , x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 .

2
Now, at z = 0, we have T = 0, so no such point is the hottest spot. The first equations
therefore give us x = y. Replacing y by x we now have

z = λx , 2x = λz , 2x2 + z 2 = 1 .

By the first two equations, λ2 = 2, and the last equation then gives us 2x2 + 2x2 = 1, so
x2 = 1/4. These then are the critical points:

1 1
x=y=± , z = ±√ .
2 2
√
T takes its maximum at (1/2, 1/2, 1/ 2), and its negative.

8. What is the equation of the tangent plane to the surface z 2 − 3x2 − 5y 2 = 1 at the point
(1,1,3)?

Solution. Take the differential of the defining equation of the surface: 2zdz − 6xdx +
10ydy = 0. Substitute the coordinates of the point (1,1,3): 6dz − 6dx + 10dy = 0. This is
the equation of the tangent plane, with the differentials replaced by the increments:

6(z − 3) − 6(x − 1) + 10(y − 1) , or − 6x + 10y + 6z = 22 .

9. Consider the surface Σ

x2 z2
f (x, y) =+ y2 + =1.
4 9
a) At what points on Σ is the tangent plane parallel to the plane 2x + y − z = 1?

Solution. The normal to the plane is N = 2I + J − K. The surface is given as a level set
of the function f , so its normal is
x 2z
∇f (x, y) = I + 2yJ + K .
2 9
The places on Σ where the tangent plane is parallel to the given plane are those values
of (x, y) where ∇f (x, y) is colinear with N. These are the solutions of the system of
equations:
λ 9λ x2 z2
x = 4λ, y = , z = − , + y2 + =1.
2 2 4 9
Putting the expressions in λ given by the first three equations into the fourth, we can solve
for λ, getting
2
λ = ±√ .
26
Thus there are two solutions to the problem:
8 1 9 8 1 9
(√ , √ , z = −√ ) , (− √ , − √ , z = √ ) .
26 26 26 26 26 26

3
b) What constrained optimization problem is solved by part a)?

Solution. Find the maximum and minimum of 2x + y − z on the surface Σ.

10. Find the volume of the tetrahedron in the first octant bounded by the plane
x y z
+ + =1.
5 3 2

Solution. Draw the picture to see that we can represent the region by the inequalities
x x y
0≤x≤5, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3(1 − ), 0 ≤ z ≤ 2(1 − − ).
5 5 3

So the volume is given by the iterated integral

y
5 3(1− x
5) 2(1− x
5−3) 15
Z Z Z
dzdydx = .
0 0 0 2

11. a) Find the volume of the solid in the first quadrant which lies over the triangle with
vertices (0,0), (1,0), (1,3) and under the plane z = 2x + 3y + 1.

Solution. The solid is that under the given plane and lying over the triangle T : 0 ≤ x ≤
1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3x. Its volume is
Z Z Z 1 Z 3x
V olume = zdxdy = (2x + 3y + 1)dydx .
T 0 0

The inner integral is

3y 3x 21 2
2xy + +y 0
= x + 3x .
2 2
Thus
1
21 2 21 3
Z
V olume = ( x + 3x)dx = + =5.
0 2 6 2
b) Find the area of that segment of the plane.
q √
Solution. The element of surface area is dS = 1 + zx2 + zy2 dxdy = 1 + 22 + 32 dxdy =
√ √
14dxdy.
√ Thus the area of the triangle on the surface is 14 times the area of the triangle,
so is 3 14/2.

12. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the parabolas

y 2 − x = 1, y 2 − x = 0, y 2 + x = 5, y2 + x = 4 .

4
Solution. Make the change of variable: u = y 2 − x, v = y 2 + x. Then in the uv-plane the
region is described by 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 4 ≤ v ≤ 5. We need to calculate the Jacobian; for that
we solve for x and y in terms of u and v:

v−u (u + v)1/2
x= y= √ .
2 2

Then
− 21 1
!
∂(x, y) 2 (u + v)−1/2
= det (u+v)−1/2 (u+v)−1/2 =− √ .
∂(u, v) √
2 2
√
2 2
2 2
The area then is the integral
1 5
1
Z Z
Area = √ (u + v)−1/2 dvdu .
2 2 0 4

The inner integral is 2[(u + 5)1/2 − (u + 4)1/2 ], so

1
√
1 2 3/2
Z
1/2 1/2
Area = √ [(u + 5) − (u + 4) ]du = (6 + 43/2 − 53/2 ) .
2 0 3

13. Find the mass of a lamina over the domain in the plane D : 0 ≤ y ≤ x(1 − x), if the
density function is δ(x, y) = 1 + x + y.

Solution. Z Z Z 1 Z x(1−x)
M ass = δdA = (1 + x + y)dydx .
D 0 0

The inner integral is

y2 x(∗1−x) x4 x2
y + xy + 0
= − 2x3 + +x .
2 2 2
Thus
1 2 1 1 4
M ass = − + + = .
10 4 6 2 15

14. Find the center of mass of the piece of the unit sphere in the first octant:

x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1 , x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, z≥0.

Solution. The volume of the sphere of radius 1 is 4π/3; the piece we’re looking at is
(1/8)thof that so M ass = π/6. Now, using spherical coordinates
Z Z Z Z π/2 Z π/2 Z 1
M omx=0 = xdV = ρ sin φ cos θρ2 sin φdρdθdφ
R 0 0 0

5
 π/2 π/2 1
π
Z Z Z
2
= cos θdθ sin φdφ ρ3 dρ = .
0 0 0 16
Thus the x-coordinate of the center of mass is
π
M omx=0 16 3
x̄ = = π = .
M ass 6
8

15. Let
x y z
f (x, y, z) = + + .
y z x
Find a) ∇f , b) curl ∇f , c) div ∇f , d) ∇(div ∇f ).

Solution.
1 z 1 x 1 y
a) ∇f = ( − 2 )I + ( − 2 )J + ( − 2 )K
y x z y x z

b) curl ∇f = 0

2z 2x 2y
c) div ∇f = 3
+ 3 + 3
x y z

−6z 2 −6x 2 −6y 2

d) ∇(div ∇f ) = ( 4
+ 3 )I + ( 4 + 3 )J + ( 4 + 3 )K
x y y z z x

e) ∇ × ∇(div∇f ) = 0 .

16. Let F = (y + 2xz)I + (x + z 2 + 1)J + (2yz + x2 K. Find a function f such that

F = ∇f .

Solution. We want to solve the equations

∂f ∂f ∂f
= y + 2xz , = x + z2 + 1 , = 2yz + x2 .
∂x ∂y ∂z

The general solution of the first equation is f (x, y, z) = xy + x2 z + φ(y, z). Substitute this
in the second equation to get

∂f ∂φ
=x+ = x + z2 + 1 ,
∂y ∂y

6
leading to the equation for φ:
∂φ
= z2 + 1 .
∂y
This has the solution φ(y, z) = z 2 y + y + ψ(z). This now gives this form for f :

f (x, y, z) = xy + x2 z + z 2 y + y + ψ(z) .

Substitute that in the last equation to get

∂f
= x2 + 2zy + ψ 0 (z) = 2yz + x2 ,
∂z
so that we must have ψ 0 (z) = 0, or ψ(z) = C. Thus the answer is

f (x, y, z) = xy + x2 z + z 2 y + y + C .

17. Let C be the curve in space given parametrically by the equations

x = t2 − 3t + 5 , y = (t3 − 2)2 , z = t4 + t3 − t2 , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 ,

and F the vector field

F(x, y, z) = xI + zJ + yK .
R
What is C
F · dX?

Solution. Before doing the hair-raising direct calculation, note that F = ∇(x2 +y 2 +z 2 )/2.
Thus we need only evaluate this function at the endpoints, which are (5,4,0) (for t = 0)
and (3,1,1) (for t = 1). Thus

x2 + y 2 + z 2 (3,1,1)
Z
F · dX = (5,4,0)
= 15 .
C 2

18.
R Let C be the curve given in polar coordinates by r = 1 + cos θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π. Calculate
C
xdy.

Solution. Parametrize the curve by x = (1 + cos θ) cos θ, y = (1 + cos θ) sin θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π,

so that Z Z 2π
xdy = (1 + cos θ) cos θd((1 + cos θ) sin θ)
C 0
2π
3
Z
= (1 + cos θ) cos θ(− sin2 θ + (1 + cos θ) cos θ)dθ = π.
0 2
Instead of computing that awful integral, we could note that, by Green’s theorem, the
desired integral is the area of the cardiod D bounded by C, so

1 2π 2 1 2π
Z Z Z
xdy = Area(D) = r dθ = (1 + cos θ)2 dθ
C 2 0 2 0

7
 2π
1 1 + cos(2θ) 3
Z
= (1 + 2 cos θ + )dθ = π .
2 0 2 2

19. Let C be the part of the curve y = x2 (24 −x) which lies in the first quadrant. Consider
it directed from the point (0,0) to the point (24,0). Calculate
Z
(y + 1)dx − xdy .
C

Solution. We can parametrize this curve by y = 24x2 − x3 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 24; in which case

dy = (48x − 3x2 )dx and we get
Z Z 24
(y + 1)dx − xdy = (24x2 − x3 + 1)dx − x(48x − 3x2 )dx
C 0

Z 24
= (−24x2 − 4x3 + 1)dx = −442344 .
0