22/07/2023, 16:46 Course Transcript

CompTIA A+ Core 2: Desktop, Server, & Mobile Operating Systems

Technicians must be aware of the features and installation requirements of various types of
operating systems. Use this course to learn about common OS types and how to perform OS
installations and upgrades in a diverse OS environment. Begin by exploring the features of
Windows, Linux, macOS, ChromeOS, and mobile device operating systems. Discover available OS
installation options and plan an operating system deployment strategy after reviewing various
installation methods. Finally, perform the installation of a Windows 10, Windows Server 2019,
Ubuntu Linux, and macOS system. Once you have completed this course, you will be able to select
the appropriate operating system for a given scenario and plan its deployment. This course will help
you prepare for the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) certification exam.

Table of Contents
1. Video: Course Overview (it_csap221_01_enus_01)
2. Video: Microsoft Windows Operating Systems (it_csap221_01_enus_02)
3. Video: Managing Windows Update Settings (it_csap221_01_enus_03)
4. Video: Unix and Linux Operating Systems (it_csap221_01_enus_04)
5. Video: macOS (it_csap221_01_enus_05)
6. Video: Chrome and Android OS (it_csap221_01_enus_06)
7. Video: iOS and iPadOS (it_csap221_01_enus_07)
8. Video: Operating System Installation Methods (it_csap221_01_enus_08)
9. Video: Installing Windows 10 (it_csap221_01_enus_09)
10. Video: Installing Windows Server 2019 (it_csap221_01_enus_10)
11. Video: Installing Ubuntu Linux (it_csap221_01_enus_11)
12. Video: Installing the macOS (it_csap221_01_enus_12)
13. Video: Application Installation and Configuration Planning (it_csap221_01_enus_13)
14. Video: Course Summary (it_csap221_01_enus_14)

1. Video: Course Overview (it_csap221_01_enus_01)

discover the key concepts covered in this course

[Video description begins] Topic title: Course Overview. [Video description ends]

Hi, I'm Dan Lachance. [Video description begins] Your host for this session is Dan Lachance. He
is an IT Trainer / Consultant. [Video description ends] I've worked in various IT roles since the
early 1990s, including as a technical trainer, as a programmer, a consultant, as well as an IT
tech author and editor. I've held and still hold IT certifications related to Linux, Novell, Lotus,
CompTIA, and Microsoft.

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Some of my specialties over the years have included networking, IT security, cloud solutions,
Linux management and configuration and troubleshooting across a wide array of Microsoft
products. Technicians must be aware of the features and requirements to run various
Windows editions, such as Windows 10 Home, and Windows 10 Enterprise editions.

In this course, I'll explore the features of Linux, the macOS, ChromeOS and mobile device
operating systems. I'll then plan an operating system deployment strategy, after reviewing
various installation methods. This course can help you prepare for the CompTIA A+ 220-1102
certification exam.

2. Video: Microsoft Windows Operating Systems (it_csap221_01_enus_02)

Upon completion of this video, you will be able to list Windows OS requirements, Windows
edition features, and end-of-life support.

list Windows OS requirements, Windows edition features, and end-of-life (EOL) support

[Video description begins] Topic title: Microsoft Windows Operating Systems. Your host for
this session is Dan Lachance. [Video description ends]

Microsoft Windows Operating Systems come in client editions as well as server OS editions.
Whether we're talking about a Windows client or a server operating system, they both look
and feel pretty much the same, both at the graphical level, as well as at the command line level.
The first thing to think about in a Windows environment is whether your Windows client or
server operating system, is part of a Windows workgroup or an Active Directory or AD
domain.

In the case of a Windows workgroup what we're talking about is a collection of networked
computers that are joined to the same workgroup. What that means is that in the same place
that you would give the computer a unique name on the network, you can also specify a
workgroup name that it is a member of. The default workgroup name is workgroup.

You're going to need to create users and groups and set permissions on each and every
workgroup host. So, for example, if user Cblackwell needs to log in to ten Windows computers
in a workgroup, the user account Cblackwell will have to exist ten times; once on each of those
ten worked-group computers.

Shared folders can then be enabled on each workgroup computer as required, and are
accessible from each computer on the workgroup. Technically, you don't have to be connected
to the same Windows workgroup as a target system whose shared folder you want to connect
to.

On the Active Directory domain side of things, it's a little bit different, because users and
groups are created centrally in the Active Directory database, which is replicated on domain
controller servers. So in the case of user Cblackwell needing access to many network
computers in an Active Directory domain, the account for Cblackwell would only have to exist
once in Active Directory.

Shared folders, then, would be enabled on centralized file servers and centrally configured
Windows settings can also be deployed to machines that are joined to the Active Directory
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domain. When a computer is joined to an Active Directory domain, it can partake in centralized
group policy settings and also you can sign on using any user account that is valid in Active
Directory.

It doesn't have to exist locally on the machine like it does in a workgroup. Windows 10 has a
number of different editions, such as Home Edition or Pro and Enterprise editions. Now the
Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise editions have a fuller feature set than Windows 10 Home
edition, the first of which is that Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise are manageable via Remote
Desktop Protocol, or RDP.

Now, to be clear, there is an RDP client available within Windows 10 Home; it just can't be the
target of RDP. Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise also support BitLocker disk volume encryption,
and Group Policy configuration locally, as well as the ability to join an Active Directory or an
Azure Active Directory domain.

So one of the really big differences then, between Windows 10 Home Edition and Pro and
Enterprise, is that Pro and Enterprise have a lot more security and enterprise network
management capabilities. Pictured on the screen, we have a screenshot of a Windows
Desktop. Now, the Windows Desktop will look very similar between Windows client editions
and Windows server editions, for example, Windows 10 versus Windows Server 2019, or even
Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022.

In this screenshot, the Start menu has been invoked from which users can then select
applications that are installed to launch them on the machine. Here we have the result of
running the Windows "systeminfo" Command from a Command Prompt. When you run the
systeminfo command, it gives you information about the system on which the command was
run.

Notably what we see here is the operating system; Microsoft Windows 10 Home, and the
operating system version. The version changes when you start applying operating system
updates, so sometimes it can be very important to take note of the version when it comes to
troubleshooting. Now, that's at the command line. [Video description begins] The OS Version
reads 10.0.19044 N/A Build 19044. The remaining information includes: Host Name, OS
Manufacturer, OS Configuration, OS Build Type, Registered Owner, Registered Organization,
Product ID, Original Install Date, System Boot Time, System Manufacturer, System Model,
System Type, and Processor(s). [Video description ends] At the graphical user interface or GUI
level, we can spawn the Windows System Information tool.

Here on the left, we have a navigation panel where currently what's selected is System
Summary, and on the right, we have everything about the system, like the operating system
name once again; Microsoft Windows 10 Home, the OS Version, even the System Name, which
is the computer name; here it starts with the word LAPTOP.

The System Manufacturer at the motherboard level, in this case ASUSTeK. The System Model,
the System Type, in this case 64-bit based PC, where 32-bit operating systems can only
address up to four gigabytes of RAM. There is no such limitation on 64-bit computers running a
64-bit operating system.

Now, while you can run a 32-bit operating system on a 64-bit piece of hardware, you can't do
the opposite. You cannot run a 64-bit operating system on 32-bit hardware. We also have
Processor information, BIOS Version and Date information, and so on. [Video description
begins] The remaining information reads: SMBIOS Version, Embedded Controller, BIOS Mode.
[Video description ends] So if you wanted to drill down only the hardware details about the
system, you could click Hardware Resources over on the left, or you could click Components or
Software Environment, if you wanted to zoom in to those specific subcategories of the system.

Finally, we have a screenshot of the Remote Desktop Connection or RDP Client. RDP is how
Windows machines get managed remotely with the GUI, with the graphical user interface. So
here the RDP client has been spawned on a Windows machine and we can either specify a
Computer name or an IP address for a Windows computer, that allows RDP connections.

Now remember, Windows 10 Home edition, while it does have an RDP client such as this,
cannot be enabled as an RDP target that you could remotely manage using RDP. [Video
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description begins] On screen, the Computer field reads 192.168.4.167, and the User name
field reads MicrosoftAccount\Administrator. [Video description ends]

3. Video: Managing Windows Update Settings (it_csap221_01_enus_03)

In this video, you will learn how to manage Windows Update Settings.

manage Windows Update Settings

[Video description begins] Topic title: Managing Windows Update Settings. Your host for this
session is Dan Lachance. [Video description ends]

In this demonstration, we're going to take a look at Windows Update settings. So here I've
signed into my Windows server, and if it detects that there are updates that should be applied,
then we'll get the message as shown here in the bottom right. That's the default behavior of
the OS. It says Updates are available, and I have the option to click the View updates button.

That'll take me into the Windows Update portion here in my Windows Settings, where each of
the updates is shown listed. Now, currently, the Status for these is showing us Pending install.
So once we're ready to install, we can just click the Install now button. Now, of course, this can
be configured in a different way. We have a message at the top in red that says: Some settings
are managed by your organization, and you can click View configured update policies.

And then down under Policies set on your device we'll have any settings that might have been
configured, for example, through Group Policy. Now Group Policy really consists of thousands
of Windows settings that can be deployed to some or all computers in the Active Directory
domain. So we are at a domain controller here, so let's close out of this and let's just go ahead
and open up the Start menu.

First of all, if we just want to search for the word update, we can get back to our Windows
Update Settings once again in that way. However, I'm going to close that out and go back into
the Windows Start menu and under Windows Administrative Tools in the Gs, I'm going to go
into Group Policy.

Now, the Group Policy Management tool is where we can work with GPOs, Group Policy
objects. There is a default GPO that's tied or linked to the Active Directory domain, and the
GPO is called Default Domain Policy. Of course, under different organizational units, I have
one here called HQ.

We can then have specific GPOs linked only to the computers and users within that OU. So
here I've got one called HQ_Security_Settings. The point is that if you're going to configure
Windows Update settings think of the scope of the machines in the Active Directory domain
that you want to get those settings. So if I only want computers under the HQ OU to get the
settings, I could go and open up that HQ_Security_Settings GPO.

And so I'm going to right click on it and choose Edit, and that opens up a new screen. From
here, if I were to go down under Computer Configuration and expand Policies, if I were to
select Administrative Templates and then right click on it, I could go to Filter Options, and let's
say I just search for the word update and then click OK.

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And I'll drill down under there and click All Settings, and now we have all of the items that are
related to the word update shown here. So as we go further down through the list, we've got a
number of options related to working with things like Windows Update, such as whether or
not to include drivers when Windows Updates are applied on the machine.

Further down, I've got an option called Turn on Software Notifications which we can configure
to control whether people get the messages that Windows Updates are available. And if I close
out of that, any computers in or under the HQ organizational unit would get those specific
Windows Update settings. It might take a little time, even perhaps up to a few hours,
depending on your network topology. [Video description begins] The host closes the Group
Policy Management window. [Video description ends]

Another option to think about on the Windows side when it comes to Windows Updates, is
setting up a Windows Server Update Services host or a WSUS host. Here on my Windows
server, if I go under the Start menu, one way I could install WSUS is to go through Server
Manager. The other ways include going to the command line and issuing the appropriate
commands to install that component.

So here I'm going to click Add roles and features. I'll just continue on through the wizard until I
get to the Select server roles screen. [Video description begins] The previous steps read:
Before You Begin, Installation Type, and Server Selection. [Video description ends] So, some
server roles are already installed. You'll have a checkmark for those. If it's kind of a black
square in the white square, means some of the components are installed.

And if I go all the way down to the bottom, Windows Server Update Services, it says two out of
three possible services are installed for that. And I can expand that to see which ones. So
WSUS is already installed. [Video description begins] WID is also installed. [Video description
ends] Now, you would install this because you want to control and update server that
distributes updates to internal client devices.

So once it's installed, you can just go to your Tools menu and you'll have the option of working
with Windows Server Update Services. You could also launch that GUI tool also from the Start
menu. So if I go to Options on the left, here's where I can specify all the details, such as the
Products and Classifications for the updates I'm interested in.

There's no point in getting all the updates from the Internet and bringing them down to this
server for Windows 11, for example, if we're not using Windows 11. So we can specify the
Products and the Classifications of those Products, such as Critical Updates, Security Updates,
Service Packs, and so on, that we want included. [Video description begins] The host clicks on
Cancel and returns to the Update Services window. [Video description ends] You can also
specify how often you want to synchronize this server with Windows Update, online. [Video
description begins] The two available options are: Synchronize manually and Synchronize
automatically. [Video description ends]

And if you go to the Synchronizations menu, you'll see any Synchronizations that might have
occurred between this server and Windows Update online. And then you can go to any of
these update categories, like All Updates, and control the filters, to control what shows up
down below. And you can select one or more updates, you can choose to Approve them, and
you can determine which computers you are approving these for so they can be delivered to
those computers.

So a WSUS host then is really just an internal Windows Update server that can pull updates
from Microsoft updates online. It can also actually pull it from another upstream WSUS server,
such as one that might exist at a headquarters branch location. So there are many options,
then, to control Windows Updates on Windows operating systems, especially at the server
level.

Now, here in Windows 10, it's pretty much the same type of options other than configuring
Group Policy. I mean, you could have the Group Policy tool installed on Windows 10 to reach
out to a domain controller. But let's just take a look at the local Windows Update settings here
on a Windows 10 client. So from the Start menu, just going to search for the word update. So,
first of all, Check for updates. If that's not been configured to be automatic, then we can go in
here and invoke it at any point in time.
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I can click Check for updates. While that's happening, we also have a number of options, such
as changing the active hours, even viewing update history; which updates have been applied to
this machine already. In some cases when you're troubleshooting it could be the result of
having applied a recent update that has broken something. It's rare, but it does happen from
time to time, so knowing about this is important.

Now, under Update history, we've got a couple of categories: Quality Updates, Driver Updates,
Definition Updates for Windows Defender Antivirus, and then Other Updates. So make sure
you take a look at the appropriate category if you want to get a running list of what's been
applied to this machine in terms of Windows Updates.

So if we've got updates that are required to be installed then they will be installed. We can also
go to Advanced options, such as, do we want to receive updates for additional apps beyond just
the OS or beyond just Microsoft products when we update Windows? Do we want to restart a
device immediately after applying an update that requires a restart?

Should we show notifications when our machine needs to be restarted to finish updating? So,
all of these options can be configured on an individual Windows station, but of course, if you
have a number of machines joined to an Active Directory domain and they have the same
config needs, you could do all of this centrally once in Group Policy.

4. Video: Unix and Linux Operating Systems (it_csap221_01_enus_04)

In this video, learn how to outline the requirements and features of the Linux OS.

outline Linux OS requirements and features

[Video description begins] Topic title: Unix and Linux Operating Systems. Your host for this
session is Dan Lachance. [Video description ends]

The average person will get confused when thinking about Unix and Linux operating systems
because they are quite similar. But what is the difference between them really? And there is a
big difference. The first of which is that Unix really stems from the 1970s, and it still persists
today.

Now we're talking early 1970s. Unix was born, so to speak, around the same time that the
TCP/IP Protocol Suite and C programming started becoming standards; around that same era.
Now Linux, on the other hand, while it is very similar to Unix; in other words, if you know how
to manage a Unix system, you're well on your way to knowing how to manage a Linux system,
Linux is much newer. It was developed in 1991, and like Unix, Linux still persists today.

And Linux, of course, borrows many standards from Unix variants. Unix is a proprietary
operating system, and that means it's a closed OS. In other words, the software code that
makes that operating system run for a specific flavor of Unix is not published and made
available for everyone to see on the Internet. And that's what open source is. Linux is an open
source operating system.

The source code for the Linux kernel is made available for all to see on the Internet, which
means that other software developers could download the Linux kernel source code, they
could tweak and modify it, and then package up their own custom distribution of Linux. And
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that's one of the reasons why today there are many, many different distributions of Linux,
depending on what your specific needs are.

Now, open source doesn't always mean 100% free from payment. There are some Linux
distributions where you will have to pay to download and get support on that Linux
distribution. Traditionally, Unix and Linux were both command line based. This means that you
had different shells or different command line environments you could use, like a C shell, a
Korn shell or a Bash shell.

Now, the distinction is really just subtle nuances about how commands work, how variables
are treated, how scripts are executed, that type of thing. You can fully manage a Unix or a Linux
operating system using any of those shells. Each Unix or Linux shell is equally capable of
managing the underlying operating system, so one is not better than the other.

It really boils down to personal preference or making sure you're using the right shell to
support a script written for that shell. When you're working at the command line on Unix and
Linux systems, you have to be aware that commands are case sensitive. So capital LS is a very
different command than lowercase ls. As a matter of fact, lowercase ls means list; to list files
and directories. Capital LS doesn't even exist as a command. It's going to result in a command
not found type of message if you were to enter it in.

So on Unix and Linux, the X Window System provides the graphical user interface or the GUI
environment, and so modern Linux systems then are not limited to being command line based.
You can have modern Linux GUIs that look and feel very much like the newest Windows
operating systems. Now, where Windows systems are normally managed remotely using the
built-in remote desktop protocol, Unix and Linux systems are normally managed remotely
using Secure Shell or SSH, which uses TCP port 22.

Incidentally, RDP uses TCP port 3389. There are many variants of the Unix operating system,
such as Unix System III, HP-UX, BSD Unix, Oracle Solaris, IBM AIX, and the list goes on and on.
The same is true for Linux. Common Linux Operating Systems would include Linux Mint, MX
Linux, Ubuntu Linux, Debian Linux, CentOS Linux.

Pictured on the screen we have a screenshot of working at the Linux command line, where the
whoami command has been issued to reveal who is currently logged in; in this case, it's a user
by the name of kali, k-a-l-i. This, specifically, is a screenshot from Kali Linux. Kali Linux is a
specialized security type of Linux distribution that contains hundreds of security testing tools
that can be used by penetration testers and security enthusiasts.

Now notice here we have a terminal window opened within the GUI environment. So the X
Window System is actually active and we've opened up a terminal shell, much like you could do
on the macOS as well, if you want to enter commands to manage that operating system.
However, you can have a Linux system or a Unix system that does not have the X Window
System at all.

In other words, straight from the boot up and the login, it's completely command line based.
Now, remotely managing a Linux host using SSH does mean command line remote access, but
there's also this feature called X window forwarding, where you could issue a command once
you've SSHed into a remote Linux host to start a GUI program, and that GUI program would
run locally on your management station, even if it's running Windows if you have the correct
software installed.

In our next screenshot, what's pictured is a Linux graphical user interface or GUI. Similar to
Windows, you can open up a menu that shows all of the apps organized by category that you
can then spawn. Of course, there are also operating system accessory tools and configuration
settings for things like networking and display settings. So these days, Unix and Linux
environments have a GUI that rivals that of modern Windows Operating Systems.

5. Video: macOS (it_csap221_01_enus_05)

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In this video, learn how to outline the requirements and features for macOS.

outline macOS requirements and features

[Video description begins] Topic title: macOS. Your host for this session is Dan Lachance.
[Video description ends]

The macOS, or Macintosh operating system, is used on a variety of Apple devices like the iMac,
the MacBook, the Mac Mini and the Mac Pro. Since the 1970s, Apple has been famous for
using a graphical user interface within their operating system environments.

Now, there are a number of different file types that are used to package up software, and this
is used by the macOS, including dmg or disk image files. You can think of this as being a
representation of the layout of a physical disk and its file system; the files on it. And this is
often used to distribute software that will be installed in a macOS environment. Usually, the
files are compressed to save on storage space.

A .pkg or a package file is used for the same type of thing. It's used to package up files that are
used for software installation on the macOS. Another variation of this is a .app file. This is an
application bundle file that, once again, is used to install all of the files and resources required
to install a particular software application on the macOS. Now, of course, from macOS devices,
we can go to the Apple App Store to search up and install apps in that manner.

Pictured here we have a screenshot of the Google Chrome web browser, which is available to
install on iPhones and iPads in this particular example. In a corporate environment, technicians
can also determine whether or not people are allowed to install apps from the App Store.
Normally, you'll need to be signed in using your Apple ID, a unique set of credentials, in order
to be able to install things from the App Store.

In an enterprise, it's called a managed Apple ID, where each employee would have their own
unique set of credentials. Pictured on the screen we have a screenshot of the macOS Desktop,
where at the bottom we have a series of icons that we can use to launch operating system
tools, as well as applications that are installed on the device. Let's take a few minutes to talk
about common macOS management tools, starting with Keychain.

Keychain is a secured storage repository to store what are called secrets. Secrets would
include things, of course, like passwords, as well as PKI certificates, where, PKI certificate
might be used to authenticate to a VPN for example. The macOS also includes Spotlight, which
allows users to search for specific files.

iCloud is cloud-based storage, whereby you can have files on your macOS device that are
synchronized into your iCloud account. Now, in the event that you need to replace your Apple
device, you can go ahead and sign in with your ID once again to sync those files back to your
device from your iCloud account. So it includes things like documents as well as contacts. The
macOS has long also used the Finder tool for file management.

FileVault is used for disk encryption. In other words, for the protection or the confidentiality of
data at rest. The Terminal management tool gives you a command line environment where you
can enter Unix or Linux like commands to manage the macOS. Time Machine is used to take
backups of that system, and Mission Control provides multiple virtual desktops or virtual
displays.

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Think about having multiple physical screens connected to an Apple device, but in this case you
only have one but you can switch between them to organize the things that you have running.
That's really what Mission Control is about. Now, we did mention the macOS Terminal.

The macOS Terminal is going to feel familiar if you have experience with Unix or Linux systems
working at the command line, where you can use common commands like ls to list directories
and files in the file system, pwd to print working directory; that shows you your current
directory in the file system, chmod, which is used to set file system permissions, whether they
be read, write or execute.

The sudo command lets you run commands that follow that; because that would be used as a
prefix, with elevated root privileges. For security reasons, you should never log into a system
with the full admin account on a normal basis. Instead, if you need to run privileged commands,
prefix it with sudo. Now, that has to have been configured ahead of time so that the user
account that you were signed in with is allowed to use sudo to run privileged commands.

Nano is a text editor that you will also find in many different Linux distributions, that lets you
open up and edit text files. When it comes to file management, you need to be able to navigate
through the file system hierarchy, and that's where the cd or the change directory command
comes in.

And finally, we have mkdir, m-k-d-i-r, which is used to make a directory in the file system. So it's
important that technicians are aware of how to manage a variety of different operating
systems, especially when they're working in a consulting capacity.

6. Video: Chrome and Android OS (it_csap221_01_enus_06)

In this video, find out how to outline requirements and features for Chrome and Android OS.

outline Chrome and Android OS requirements and features

[Video description begins] Topic title: Chrome and Android OS. Your host for this session is
Dan Lachance. [Video description ends]

Microsoft and Apple aren't the only game in town when it comes to operating systems. Google
is also heavily invested in OSs. Google creates operating system variants for standard
hardware, as well as specialized hardware. So think about operating systems like Chrome and
Android OS. Let's start by talking about the Chrome operating system or the Chrome OS.

Chrome OS is really just a small, lightweight operating system that's designed to run on a
Chromebook. So the Chrome OS is based on Gentoo Linux, so it's a Linux type of derivative,
and really a Chromebook is just a special type of laptop that is designed to run the Chrome OS,
whereas a standard laptop can run a variant of Linux or a Windows operating system.

So Chromebooks are designed to be very small and lightweight. Chromebooks also have
integrated cloud connectivity, but that doesn't mean that they have to be connected to the
Internet all the time. Initially, when they first came out around 2011 or so, it required an
Internet connection for it to be useful.

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That's no longer the case, especially these days where you even have individual apps with
offline functionality, like YouTube and Netflix. Now, a variation of the Chrome OS is Chromium.
This is an open-source equivalent to the Chrome OS. This means that basically it's the Chrome
operating system minus the proprietary stuff, which makes it open source. So proprietary stuff
would include things like video codecs for playing back videos, or DVDs or blu-rays, that type
of thing.

Pictured on the screen, we have a screenshot of the Chrome OS. Now if you need to run
specific Windows or Apple-based types of applications, then you might need to use a standard
type of laptop or a MacBook. But otherwise, if you just need to do basic photo editing, basic
office productivity work, basic Internet work, a Chromebook can be great. You can even use
Chromebooks for some basic stream-based gaming apps.

Basically, if you need to do anything that's heavy duty like run a lot of virtual machines, do
video editing and rendering, play high performance games, that type of thing, Chrome OS is
probably not the best solution for that. But if you think about it, the average person needs to
check email, surf the Internet, maybe do a bit of spreadsheet and a bit of documentation; that
is all possible using a Chromebook.

And price wise, the price point is such that a Chromebook might cost just a couple of hundred
dollars, whereas a laptop running Windows 10 is going to run you in the high hundreds of
dollars, if not thousands of dollars, depending on the power that you want. And the same thing
is true with the Chromebook. There are variations on the amount of horsepower that the
Chromebook will support, which directly influences which apps it can run. The Android
operating system is a Google-based operating system.

It's designed to run on mobile devices. So it's an open-source operating system. It runs on
smartphones, tablets, digital cameras, even Android TV, so it is multifaceted in that sense. The
Android OS is based on Linux, so if you've got an Android tablet, for example, you can install a
terminal app that would allow you to get to the command prompt, where you can enter Linux
commands to manage the operating system, including the file system.

Pictured on the screen, we've got a screenshot of the Android smartphone operating system
where we have a number of apps that are installed. Of course, when you get an Android
smartphone, just like when you get an Apple iPhone, there are a lot of pre-installed apps, some
of which you cannot remove.

But of course, you can go to your App Store to install apps that you want on that device. If the
mobile device, if the Android smartphone in this case, is being controlled centrally with a
mobile device management or MDM solution, then you might be limited in what you can do on
the phone. It might be restricted at the corporate level, so you might not be able to install apps
from the App Store, for example.

Pictured on the screen, we have a screenshot of an Android smartphone's operating system

details. When we go into our settings and go into the About phone section, this is where we'll
be able to see the Android version. The version of the Android OS in this particular case is
showing as Android version 11.

This can be important depending on the underlying hardware. You might want to use the latest
Android OS to get the most out of the hardware, and to run certain apps, you might need to
make sure you're running a certain version of the Android operating system to get the latest
feature set. So depending on what your needs are, a Google-based operating system might be
what is required, maybe on a Chromebook device, or maybe on a smartphone or a tablet.

7. Video: iOS and iPadOS (it_csap221_01_enus_07)

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In this video, learn how to outline requirements and features for iOS and iPadOS.

outline iOS and iPadOS requirements and features

[Video description begins] Topic title: iOS and iPadOS. Your host for this session is Dan
Lachance. [Video description ends]

Just like Google has the Android operating system used primarily for mobile devices, Apple too
has their variations on their own mobile device operating systems, such as the watchOS. As
you might guess, that is specifically designed to work on the Apple Watch. So it's a slightly
modified version of the iOS that only works on the watch itself.

Then we've got the iPadOS, so Apple's mobile device tablet operating system. And then finally,
of course, the Apple iOS, which is used for Apple iPhone devices. Now these operating systems
are not open source like Android is. In other words, they are closed or proprietary operating
systems, which means the source code is not made readily available to anybody over the
Internet.

Each of these operating systems shown here, they're all very similar to one another, they're
just designed to run on a particular type of Apple hardware. Here pictured on the screen, we
have a screenshot of the Apple iOS. So whether you're using an Android-based smartphone or
an Apple iPhone device, they're pretty similar in terms of getting used to navigating through
the screens and launching apps and configuring apps, going to the appropriate App Store to
install new apps, setting your network settings, all of that type of stuff.

Of course, there are always new versions of the Apple iOS. For example, you might be running
iOS version 15 currently, but there might be a new version coming out, and sometimes that can
make significant changes to the way apps work, or to the graphical interface. But it's inevitable.
Change will occur at some point. The Apple iOS has a number of features, like using
accelerometers for device rotation and for shaking of the device.

For example, you might configure your iPhone so that when you shake it, it runs the undo
command. And of course, rotating your device allows you to switch between portrait and
landscape mode if you're viewing pictures. Of course, that can also be set per app. You might
also choose to configure and use the Siri personal voice assistant built into the iOS for a very
long time. You can also apply iOS updates via Over-The-Air (OTA), and through iTunes.

OTA, of course, means over a wireless connection. Then there's the notion of jailbreaking. Now
this isn't recommended, however, jailbreaking a device gives you full, unfettered access to the
underlying hardware, such as on an iPhone. But often it will void your warranty with your
phone carrier if you were to go through the steps to jailbreak the device. Now, why would you
do that? Well, because you have full access to the device features, and you might need that if
you're running some kind of specialized app.

Now, there are a couple of jailbreaking methods for Apple iOS devices, one of which is called
tethered, which means you have full device access, but only until the next time you restart that
device. Untethered means you have full access to the device, even if you reboot it.

And semi-tethered and untethered means that you will require some kind of a jailbreaking tool
for a patched kernel of the Apple iOS, usually through a connection with a computer that's
plugged into the iPhone device or at a specialized app installed on the phone. Now, just bear in
mind that when you boot up an iPhone, for example, it's loading Apple's iOS kernel. So a
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jailbroken device then would use a version of that kernel that is patched, that allows full access
to the underlying hardware.

There are times when you also might want to perform an iPhone factory reset, such as if the
password for the device is forgotten, or if you purchase a second hand used iPhone and it's
locked. Well, you might reset it so it becomes unlocked. Then you could use your SIM card in
that device to connect to your carrier network.

Or if you are selling your iPhone, you might perform an iPhone factory reset to wipe your data
and your settings. Or sometimes if the iPhone simply is just not working correctly, in rare
circumstances, maybe resetting the iPhone can solve those types of problems. And you also
have the option of resetting an iPhone through iTunes if you have previously synced it or
backed it up using iTunes.

So you always need to make sure you are backing up or synchronizing your existing iPhone
data, such as to iCloud. So to perform an iTunes iPhone reset, given that you've previously
synced it with iTunes, you will plug your iPhone into a computer, start the iTunes app, and then
choose to restore the iPhone, and that will be done from the previously synchronized backup
of your iPhone.

8. Video: Operating System Installation Methods (it_csap221_01_enus_08)

Upon completion of this video, you will be able to recall various methods for installing operating
systems.

recall various methods that can be used to install operating systems

[Video description begins] Topic title: Operating System Installation Methods. Your host for
this session is Dan Lachance. [Video description ends]

Now that we've spent some time discussing various types of operating systems, let's spend
some time talking about the various ways to install those operating systems. The first thing to
think about is whether the machine and the OS will be used for personal use or whether it will
be used for business use.

Because when you're using a machine and an OS for business use, there are certain security
configurations that might be required. They might be enforced so that as a user of that station,
we can't even make a change. The other thing to think about, is normally in an enterprise if, for
example, we have a number of laptops that will be running Windows 10 or Windows 11, often
the IT team will create a golden reference image of an installation on one of those devices, and
tweak and configure it and patch it, and then save that as an OS image that can then easily be
applied to other machines that need that same OS configuration.

It's usually much quicker than doing a manual installation on every device. There are a number
of other considerations for the OS, one of which is the OS itself. Which OS will you be using?
Are you going to be using Apple type of hardware or standard PC hardware? Do you need to
run Linux, Windows? Do you need a graphical environment?

It really depends on what you're going to be doing on the computer. So, what it will be doing;
number crunching, the apps you're going to be running, video rendering, whatever the case
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might be. Now that will determine not only the OS, of course, but the type of hardware that
you need on the underlying machine.

You then have to determine when you initialize disks, whether they be initialized as Master
Boot Record or MBR, which has a limit of four partitions, each being up to two terabytes, or
whether you're going to go with GPT, the GUID Partition Table disk layout, which has no such
limitations. Then you have to think about having the appropriate drivers for the version of your
operating system for your hardware.

Of course, you also have to think about how you will actually get the operating system installed
if it's not already pre-installed. So the method of installation; and we'll talk about that because
there are various ways that can be done. We'll get into that in a minute. You then have to think
about, am I updating an existing operating system such as doing an in-place upgrade? Or am I
doing a fresh installation? Now, on old equipment that might require wiping the existing disk
and then starting from scratch; initializing it and partitioning and formatting it. You also have
to consider the hardware that you have to make sure that your operating system supports it.

And then, of course, any apps, any software that you want to run, to make sure it will be
compatible with the version of the OS that you are running. Now, luckily, on the Windows side,
we can go to the Windows Server OS Compatibility List, which is broken down into both
software and hardware, so we can make sure that certain apps will function correctly and that
the hardware that we have is supported by Windows. Sometimes this can be consulted prior to
acquiring, for example, new desktop computers to make sure that the hardware is on the
compatibility list.

Now, just because hardware isn't listed here doesn't mean it won't work with Windows, but it
certainly makes it easier if it is listed here as being compatible. Now, installing an operating
system fresh on a new machine means you have to boot up in a certain way to do that, whether
you're booting over the network with a pre-execution environment or a PXE network boot
otherwise just called Pixie boot, or you might boot from a USB flash device or some kind of
solid state drive or SSD storage device where you've got the installation files.

Or maybe not even the installation files. Maybe you've got an OS image that was taken
previously. You might actually have a CD or DVD with the installation files or an ISO image of a
CD or DVD. You might have a separate local disk partition from which you can run an
installation or a recovery.

And in some enterprise environments, machines might also be able to perform what's called a
network SAN boot, a Storage Area Network boot, which means that you are booting up the OS
from a disk partition on a disk array over the network. It's not a local disk in that device. You
normally see that either for high powered desktops, but more commonly for servers. You
wouldn't see that for normal standard desktop environments.

Now, doing a fresh, clean installation means you are either wiping what's already there or you
have fresh new hardware with nothing that's been installed previously. So you're doing
everything from scratch.

Or you're doing an upgrade, which means in some cases you'll have to make sure the upgrade
path is supported, such as upgrading from Windows 8.1 to Windows 10, or Windows 10
directly to Windows 11. We know that we might do an installation from a recovery partition.
We know that we can apply an OS image locally from a mass storage device.

Or, you might use network PXE boot to access a file server over the network, from which you
would pull an OS image. So you might do it that way as well. Or you might boot from the
installation media and go into repair mode, perhaps to repair an existing installation that might
be damaged. Maybe the OS won't start. Now these are just generalizations. When you actually
focus on, for example, the latest version of Ubuntu Desktop or Windows 11, make sure to look
at the specific hardware requirements in order to support that operating system.

And, of course, make sure that whatever apps you need to run are compatible and will run
correctly in that operating system. If it's not listed anywhere, you might have to just install an
evaluation version of the OS and test that it will work properly.

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9. Video: Installing Windows 10 (it_csap221_01_enus_09)

During this video, you will learn how to install the Windows 10 operating system.

install the Windows 10 operating system

[Video description begins] Topic title: Installing Windows 10. Your host for this session is Dan
Lachance. [Video description ends] In this demonstration, I'm going to be installing the
Windows 10 operating system. Now, before you can get started, you're going to need the
installation media. The installation files for Windows 10.

Here I've navigated to Microsoft's website where I can download Windows 10, and there are a
variety of options here, [Video description begins] The URL reads microsoft.com/en-
ca/software-download/windows 10. [Video description ends] one of which is to run the
Update Assistant to help me update to the newest current version of Windows 10. But as I go
further down, I can also Create Windows 10 installation media. So I'm going to go ahead and
click the Download tool now link to do that. Now that's a media creation tool executable that
I'm then going to launch.

So I will Accept the license terms and agreement. I'm then presented with the option to either
Upgrade this PC now or to Create installation media. Whether I want to install Windows 10
from a USB flash drive, a DVD, or an ISO file. So, I'm going to select Create installation media
and I'll click Next. I'm going to leave the default selection for the Language, the Edition, and the
Architecture, which is 64-bit here for Windows 10, and I'm going to select ISO file. [Video
description begins] The other option reads USB flash drive. [Video description ends]

An ISO file represents the structure of a disk; in this case for the installation of Windows 10. So
I'm going to click Next. And I'm going to save this as a specified file on my machine. The file
name is really up to me. OK, so now we've got an ISO, so what I'm going to do is I'm going to use
VMware Workstation on my computer, to create a Windows 10 virtual machine, by installing
Windows 10 from that Windows 10 ISO. [Video description begins] The name of the ISO file
reads C:\Users\cyber\Documents\Software\Windows10.iso. [Video description ends]

So here in VMware Workstation, I'm going to choose Create a New Virtual Machine. It will be
Typical, so I'll click Next. I'll choose I will install the operating system later. It's going to be
Microsoft Windows and specifically we're going to select Windows 10 from the list, x64. I'll
click Next.

I'll leave the default for the name and the storage location and the disk; [Video description
begins] Under Name the Virtual Machine, the Virtual machine name reads Windows 10 x64 (2)
and the Location reads C:\Users\cyber\Documents\Virtual Machines\Windows 10 x64 (2).
Under Specify Disk Capacity, the Maximum disk size (GB) reads: 60.0 and the option Split
virtual disk into multiple files is selected. [Video description ends] I can always add additional
virtual hard disks after, and I'm going to click Customize Hardware because what I'd like to do
is point my virtual CD and DVD device to the ISO image file that we just created to install
Windows 10 from. So I'm going to go ahead and select that and click Browse to choose that
ISO. And once I've done that, I'll click Close and I'll click Finish.

Now, currently, the Memory assigned to this is 2 GB of RAM, and the Processors is 2. I can
change those items as needed later. For example, if I click Edit virtual machine settings I could
select Memory and perhaps bump it up to 4 GB of RAM or whatever I think I need to run that
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virtual machine. So I'm going to go ahead and click Power on this virtual machine and I'll click
inside of it, and I'll press any key to boot from the DVD installation media.

I'll just go to View Full Screen, and then View Exclusive Mode. OK, so the Language to install
will be English. I'm going to accept the default for the keyboard layout to be US, and I'll choose
Next, and I'll choose Install now. So I'll choose to accept the license terms and I'll click Next. I'll
choose Custom: Install Windows. Here's my 60 GB virtual hard disk, so I do have the option
down below here of deleting partitions, creating partitions, formatting partitions. [Video
description begins] The other options read: Refresh, New, Load driver, Extend. [Video
description ends]

I'm going to leave the default selection to use the entire 60 GB drive, I'll choose Next, and it's in
the midst now of Copying Windows files. OK, so once we get to this part of the installation,
we're asked to select a region, I'll leave it on United States, and I'll click Yes. And I'll accept the
US keyboard layout, and I will skip adding a second keyboard layout. So when you do a manual
Windows 10 installation, you can sign in with a Microsoft account, or down at the bottom left
you can also choose Domain join instead.

And for the name of the person that will use this PC, I'll put in Cblackwell and I'll put in a
Password and then I'll confirm the password. So this is just a local Windows account I'm
creating on this host, and then I could choose to join an Active Directory domain after, if I
wanted to.

And then I'll specify a couple of security questions for this particular account. Then I'm asked
to select privacy settings for my device, such as Find my device for locator services. [Video
description begins] The other options read: Location, Diagnostic data, Tailored experiences,
Inking & typing, Advertising ID, and the rest is not visible on screen. [Video description ends]
I'm going to leave all the defaults selected and I'll just click the Accept button. Microsoft
Cortana is like a virtual assistant that uses the Bing search engine to search up items.

However, I'm going to choose Not now. And once that's done, we're signed into Windows 10
here, and we've got our Start menu available. But notice that the screen display isn't optimal
here in VMware. And that's because we should install the VMware tools to optimize things like
the video display driver. So I'll press Ctrl Alt to reveal my menu, I'll go to VM and I'll choose
Install VMware Tools.

That will mount a DVD drive here in Windows, and I'm going to choose Run setup64 and I'll
accept the defaults to install VMware tools. And I'll just continue through the wizard accepting
all of the default selections. And after a moment, our video display has been optimized. It asks
to restart our system for everything to take effect, so I'll go ahead and choose Yes. OK, so now
we've got full screen.

I'm just going to go to the VM menu and send Ctrl Alt Delete, and we'll just sign in as the user
account we created during the installation. And at this point, we're ready to rock and roll.
We've got our Windows 10 virtual machine installed. If we're installing this on hardware, of
course, we'd have to make sure that our hardware met the Windows hardware compatibility
list.

And if I go to my Start menu, let's say, and go to a Command Prompt with cmd; let's just enlarge
this for a moment to make sure that we can see what's happening. If I were to type ipconfig, we
would get a valid IP configuration based on the network, the virtual network configuration for
this virtual machine. And if I were to ping something like www.google.com then we would get
our reply because we are connected to the Internet. So we have successfully installed
Windows 10.

If I were to clear the screen with cls and run the systeminfo command, it would return details
about things like the edition of Windows 10 that we've got installed. So if I scroll all the way
back up, here the OS is showing as Windows 10 Enterprise Evaluation.

10. Video: Installing Windows Server 2019 (it_csap221_01_enus_10)

https://cdn2.percipio.com/secure/c/1690087015.e89f741187709e41b3bd30b46c7f8efa2cee29f9/eot/transcripts/8e83cacc-9fa3-4af6-8ae4-053fe… 15/24
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In this video, find out how to install the Windows Server 2019 operating system.

install the Windows Server 2019 operating system

[Video description begins] Topic title: Installing Windows Server 2019. Your host for this
session is Dan Lachance. [Video description ends]

In this demonstration, I'm going to be installing Windows Server 2019 from the installation
media. In other words, from the DVD boot disk. So here in my BIOS Boot Manager, I'm going to
tell it I want to boot from my CDROM drive and when prompted, I'll press any key to boot from
the DVD.

Now, while there are many other ways to deploy the Windows OS, such as through network
PXE boot, and perhaps deploying an image that was taken previously, we're going to be doing it
the manual way. So, the language and the Time and currency format, the Keyboard input, I'm
going to leave all of those on their default settings and I'm going to click Next. [Video
description begins] The Language to install is set to English (United States), the Time and
currency format reads English (United States), and the Keyboard or input method reads US.
[Video description ends] Now we're going to want to run Install now, but notice that we do
have a Repair your computer option.

So this is why it's important to make sure you have a copy of the installation media for
Windows Server and Desktop client operating systems, because you'll have repair options if
the machine can't boot up otherwise. So I'm going to go ahead and click Install now. Then I'm
presented with a list of the Windows Server 2019 editions that are available from this
installation media.

So I'm going to choose Windows Server 2019 Datacenter Evaluation Edition with the Desktop
Experience. So I want the desktop GUI. I also want all of the enterprise options available in
Windows Server 2019 Datacenter edition. So I'm going to go ahead and click Next. I will accept
the license terms after having read them, of course, and I'll click Next, and I'm going to choose
Custom. I don't want to do an Upgrade, an in-place upgrade.

I want to do a fresh, clean install. Custom. And here I'm going to have all of my disk or mass
storage devices, of which I have two, each 60 GB in size. So the first drive is labeled here as
Drive 0. It's Unallocated Space, so I don't have to wipe it. It's already an empty disk. [Video
description begins] The other disk reads Drive 1 Unallocated Space. [Video description ends]
So I'm just going to leave that as the selection and I'm going to click Next.

So the installer will take care of formatting that partition, and at this point, it's going to be
copying the OS files to that boot partition. The next part of the installation will prompt me to
specify a Password for the built-in local administrator account for this server, so I'm going to
specify a Password twice, to confirm that I know what it is, and then I'll click Finish. And just
like that, we've got a basic vanilla Windows Server 2019 host up and ready to go. But let's sign
in and let's poke around just a little bit.

So I'll press Ctrl Alt Delete and I'll specify the Administrator account password, and I will sign
in. So I've signed in with a local account. This server is not part of an Active Directory domain
or anything like that. So when I'm prompted, do I want this PC to be discoverable on my
network, I'm going to choose Yes because perhaps ultimately this will become a file server. I
don't want to see any startup messages related to this.

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Server Manager, the GUI tool, starts automatically with a fresh installation. That's not always
optimal. So in my case, I don't want that. I'm going to go to the Manage menu, I'm going to go to
Server Manager Properties, and I'm going to say, don't do that. Don't start this tool
automatically, because I can just go ahead and start it from my Start menu at any point in time.

Now, Server Manager, as you might guess, lets you manage your local server. You can even
manage remote servers if you configure it as such. For example, on the Dashboard, which is the
default selection, we can Add roles and features to this server so I can go through the wizard
[Video description begins] The host scrolls past the steps Before You Begin, Installation Type,
and Server Selection, and selects the step Server Roles. [Video description ends] and I could
elect to install Active Directory Domain Services. So if I wanted to create an Active Directory
domain or perhaps join this server to an existing domain, I could install the DHCP or the DNS
Server services, maybe even Microsoft Hyper-V if I want to run virtual machines.

So, we have a vanilla server. Not much is really installed as it should be. We choose what we
absolutely need to be running, including a File Server, for example, under File and Storage
Services. So we could go under there and say, I want this to be a File Server; you tell it the
components you need. From a security perspective that's good, because we don't have a large
attack surface by default.

However, I'm going to Cancel that. Now, for any of the tools that we might have installed, or I
should say, roles and features, they will be available under the Tools menu; so this is a
reflection of what's been installed on this server, as well as under the Start menu under
Windows Administrative Tools.

Now here in the Server Manager, we can also click Local Server over on the left. And that's
where I'll see things like the Computer name and the fact that this server is in a Workgroup by
default, not part of an Active Directory domain. We've got things like Remote management is
Enabled for some command line tools, yet Remote Desktop is Disabled. NIC Teaming is not
enabled. We've got a lot of options here.

Now, of course, what we could do is click on them and make changes. So if I wanted to rename
this computer, I could click on the link for the Computer name click Change, and give it a new
name. Let's say I call this WinSrv2019-3. It's still going to be a Member of a Workgroup,
although I could tell it to join an Active Directory domain.

Now, I would have to specify the name of the Domain here, and I would have to make sure that
my DNS setting on this computer points to a DNS server controlled by the Active Directory
domain, because I need to query service location records to find a domain controller in order
to join this machine to an Active Directory domain. I'm not going to do that, though. I'm just
going to change the Computer name and I'll just OK it, and I'll click OK and Close and Restart
Now; requires a restart.

So I'll just go ahead and sign back in once that's been restarted. OK, so notice that Server
Manager did not start automatically because we told it not to. If I go into my Start menu,
though, I can launch it. Now I'm going into the Server Manager so we can verify that the
computer name took.

So that means we can click on Local Server over on the left, and sure enough, our Computer
name is showing as having changed. We could also have gone into our Start menu and typed
cmd to open a Command Prompt. I'm just, kind of modify the Font Size so we can see a little bit
more of what we're doing. It's just a little too small. [Video description begins] Under Font and
under Size, the host selects 20. [Video description ends] What we could have done as well is
enter the hostname command here to return the name of the computer.

So at this point, if I were to run, let's say, ipconfig, we have a valid IP configuration that is
connected to the Internet; so I can verify this by pinging, let's say, google.com, we're getting a
reply. So, when you need a Windows Server installed, even installing from the installation
media is very, very quick.

The only thing I would caution you about is make sure that you run Windows Update
immediately. You might have a mechanism used in your organization to make sure the latest
updates are applied, but otherwise make sure you do that.
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So, I'm going to go ahead and search for the word update in the Start menu, and I'll choose
Check for updates and I'm going to click that button, because if you're running an installation
from the installation media, you can bet that there are so many updates that it will take a little
while for it to update the machine with everything that's changed since that operating system
was released.

Now, just as a fun fact, you could use a process called slipstreaming, where you inject
installation media with the latest updates so that when you use that installation media to
install, let's say, a server, it already has those updates applied.

11. Video: Installing Ubuntu Linux (it_csap221_01_enus_11)

Find out how to install the Ubuntu Linux operating system.

install the Ubuntu Linux operating system

[Video description begins] Topic title: Installing Ubuntu Linux. Your host for this session is Dan
Lachance. [Video description ends]

OK, so in this demonstration, I'm going to be manually installing Ubuntu server. What I've done
is enter the BIOS on my machine to ensure I'm going to be booting up from the CD or the DVD
device where I've got the installation media for Ubuntu server inserted. So I'm going to go
ahead and Exit the BIOS and save my changes, and it should boot from my installation media
immediately to begin the process of installing Ubuntu server.

So after a moment, I'm prompted to select the language. So English is selected, I'm just going to
press Enter to accept that. It then prompts me that there is an installer update. So I'm going to
choose Continue without updating. I don't need an update on that. I will accept the default
keyboard layout as being English (US), so I'll just press Done for that, I'm pressing Enter.

What it will do automatically if it detects my network interfaces, which it has here, is it will
automatically enable it for DHCP; Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In other words, the
IP configuration will be retrieved from a central DHCP server, as opposed to me having to
configure it manually on this device, although I could.

So I'm going to leave it on that, on DHCP, and it's got an IP address, it's enabled already, so let's
just press Enter to continue on. I don't have a proxy server. I need to go through to get out to
the Internet, so I'll just press Enter to go beyond that. It automatically fills in a mirror
installation server URL, so I'll accept that, press Enter. [Video description begins] The Mirror
address reads http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu. [Video description ends]

I do want to use the entire disk for my Ubuntu server installation, but I could go down and
choose Custom storage layout. However, I'm going to leave it as the entire disk and I'll press
Enter on Done. So what it's showing me at the top for the FILE SYSTEM SUMMARY is that my
root MOUNT POINT, which is notated just with a front slash, will be almost 20 gigabytes in
size.

It will be an ext4 file system, and then we've also got a separate boot partition, /boot. Now we
could configure software RAID here; we do have the options to enable software RAID, but I'm

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going to leave everything as it is. So, we've got the default, then, disk layout, based on my
Ubuntu server Linux installation. It then asks, Are you sure you want to continue?

So I'm going to highlight Continue and press Enter. It'll then ask for some name information, so
I'll fill out my name as a user, as well as the name for this server, and then confirm a password
for the username. [Video description begins] The field Your name reads Codey Blackell, Your
server's name reads ubuntuserver1, and the field Pick a username reads cblackwell. [Video
description ends] Once I've done all those things, I'll press tab to go down to Done, and once
that's selected, I'll press Enter.

Now I want to enable SSH Remote Command Line Access over TCP port 22 to this server, so
I'm going to turn on the checkmark to install the OpenSSH server. And then I'll just tab all the
way down to Done and press Enter on it. Server packages or snapins. Basically other additional
components I might want to install on the server.

Like docker, I can install the Docker engine, or Microsoft powershell, so I can use PowerShell
cmdlets, or the aws-cli if I'm using Amazon Web Services, and I want to be able to manage my
cloud resources using the command line interface. I could add any of those at any time,
however, so I'm just going to tab down to Done and press Enter on it. And at this point, the
installation has begun, so the newest message at the bottom of this screen is saying that it's
installing the Linux kernel.

After a few minutes, and the amount of minutes will really depend on the packages you've
elected to install, but nonetheless it should be pretty quick. Once that's done, you'll be finished
and you can choose to Reboot Now to boot into your new Ubuntu Linux server installation.
Once the server has initialized, you'll be presented with the login screen. If you don't see it, just
tap the Enter key. I'm going to go ahead and sign in with the credentials that I specified when I
installed the server.

And just like that, I'll be signed in, so I'm going to run the clear command, c-l-e-ar. And just like
that, I'll be signed in. Now, if I try to run the command cls for clear screen, I get an error
message that says cls is not found because this is not Windows. I can type in clear in lowercase
letters and that is understood. If I were to run ip address show, I would be able to get some
details about the IP address of this particular host.

If I were to run service ssh status to see how SSH is doing, it shows as being active and running
and listening on port 22, which means that we can connect to it from a remote SSH client. I'm
going to use the free PuTTY tool, P-U-T-T-Y, to make a remote SSH connection to the server for
management purposes. So I don't have to be present locally at the server console. If I navigate
in a web browser to putty.org, this is where I can download the free PuTTY tool, which I've
already done.

Here in PuTTY I can enter in the name or IP address of that host. If you're going to enter in the
name, make sure it can be resolved to the proper IP. [Video description begins] The IP address
reads 192.168.49.131. [Video description ends] It's set for SSH on Port 22. I've already gone
under Window Appearance on the left to increase the Font size to 20-point, so I can Save these
settings and then I can click Open to open up a connection.

Now, the first time you connect to an SSH host, it's going to say that the server's unique
fingerprint key is not known to this machine. Do you trust it? I'm going to choose Accept. Yes, I
do trust it, and then I'm prompted to log in. So, I'm going to specify once again the credentials
that I specified when I was installing my Ubuntu Linux server. And just like that, I am now
signed in.

So if I type, whoami, I'll see who I'm signed in as. Bear in mind, if I need to run some privileged
level commands, I can prefix them, of course, with sudo if I get any kind of an error message
about permission denied. OK, so at this point, we have successfully installed a functional
Ubuntu Linux server that is up and running on the network.

12. Video: Installing the macOS (it_csap221_01_enus_12)

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Learn how to install macOS.

install the macOS

[Video description begins] Topic title: Installing the macOS. Your host for this session is Dan
Lachance. [Video description ends]

In this demonstration, I'll be installing the macOS. Now, normally this is pre-installed on a Mac
device. However, if you need to do the installation from the installation media, such as from an
ISO file or some kind of USB startup disk, you can go ahead and follow through these steps to
get the macOS up and running once again. OK, the first question I'm asked relates to the
Language selection.

I'm going to leave it on English and I'll click the arrow on the bottom right to continue through
the installation. So from here, I'm given the option to Restore from Time Machine, so a
previous system backup, or I can do an installation, Install macOS Big Sur. I can also use the
Safari web browser to get help. Or I can run the Disk Utility to prepare the disk to install the
macOS on, which I'm going to do.

So I'm going to click on Disk Utility and I'll click Continue. That opens up the Disk Utility, where
what I want to do is select my disk device over on the left, [Video description begins] The name
of the disk device reads VMware Virtual SATA Hard Drive Media. [Video description ends] and
on the top center I'll click Erase, I want to erase the device. Maybe I'll just call this the Boot
device. It's going to be formatted using the Apple File System, APFS, and I'm going to leave it as
a GUID Partition table type of disk as opposed to a Master Boot Record or an Apple Partition
Map. So I'll go ahead and click Erase.

So once it's been formatted with the Apple File System, then I can proceed with the OS
installation, so I'm going to go ahead and click Done, and I'm going to click on Disk Utility up in
the menu in the upper left, and choose Quit Disk Utility. Now that'll give me the option then to
continue with the installation of the macOS. So I'm going to choose that option and then I'll
click Continue.

I'll click Continue yet again and I will click Agree, to agree to the software license terms, [Video
description begins] A message pops up that reads: I have read and agree to the terms of the
software license agreement. The host clicks on Agree. [Video description ends] and there's my
Boot disk that we just prepared for the installation of the macOS, so I'm going to select it and
choose Continue to install the macOS on that disk. And at this point, it's copying files.

And once the macOS starts up again, we'll go ahead and continue with the installation. So I'm
going to go ahead and specify my Country or Region, and then I'll go ahead and click Continue.
I'll accept the default for the Written and the Spoken Languages screen so I'll click Continue,
and I'll choose Not Now on the Accessibility screen, and I'll click Continue on the Data &
Privacy screen.

I'm then asked if I want to transfer my information from either an existing Mac or perhaps a
Time Machine backup, but I'm going to choose Not Now. I can also migrate data From a
Windows PC. So I'll just click Not Now on the bottom left. Now you can navigate in a web
browser to appleid.apple.com to create a new Apple ID, which I've done, and once you're
signed in, you'll see the same type of things that I've got here.

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So you've got some Sign-in Security options, Personal Information, Payment Methods, Family
Sharing, Devices, and so on. Currently, if I go to Devices, there are No Devices listed. So I'm just
going to go ahead and click Not Now. I'm then asked if I want to sign in with my Apple ID. I
could choose to specify my existing Apple ID email address and password, given that I have
network connectivity, or I could create a new Apple ID.

There's even a link here, if I have forgotten my Apple ID or password. But for now, I'm just
going to choose Set Up Later in the bottom left. I get a little warning message that says, are you
sure you want to continue without an Apple ID specified? Because that's your link to the Apple
App Store, to iCloud and so on. I'm going to go ahead and just click Skip, and I will Agree to the
Terms and Conditions for the macOS, and I'll click the Agree button, and then I have to Create
a Computer Account for this machine. So I'll go ahead and fill out those details now. [Video
description begins] The Full name reads Codey Blackwell, the Account name reads cblackwell,
and the Hint reads You know! [Video description ends]

And then I'll go ahead and click Continue. I'll just continue through the wizard, accepting the
default selections, so I don't want the Siri personal assistant to store any voice dictation
details, so I'll choose Not Now, and I'll click Continue.

And I'll just continue on through the wizard accepting the installation defaults [Video
description begins] Under Choose Your Look, the Light version is selected by default. The
other two options are Dark and Auto. [Video description ends] to the point where I get to the
screen where it says: Setting Up Your Mac. Of course, when you install a new operating system
from the installation source media, you should probably check to make sure that you've got the
latest OS software updates that have been applied.

You might also have an option to upgrade to a newer version of the OS, as I do here for macOS
Monterey. OK, so now we've got a functional installation of the macOS, where we've got our
Apple menu up at the top, we can go into our Finder to start working with the file system. Of
course, we've got some stat icons over in the upper right, such as the date and the time, and
also the option to connect to a Wi-Fi network. And down below, we've got our menu bar with a
number of our apps.

So if I were to click on the Wi-Fi icon up in the upper right and then choose Network
Preferences, I also have my Ethernet interface, which is currently Connected to a network, and
on the right I have an IP Address that's configured for DHCP. [Video description begins] The IP
Address reads 192.168.4.178. [Video description ends] So I can go ahead and just close this
out. I'll just click the red button here, which is like the equivalent of the X in the upper right of a
Windows dialog box.

And down in my chooser area at the bottom I could also click the App Store icon if I wanted to
visit the Apple App Store, so I could go ahead and click on Continue, and from here, I could
choose any apps I want to install on my macOS.

13. Video: Application Installation and Configuration Planning

(it_csap221_01_enus_13)

Learn how to deploy apps on the OS.

plan the deployment of apps on the OS

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[Video description begins] Topic title: Application Installation and Configuration Planning.
Your host for this session is Dan Lachance. [Video description ends]

Planning the deployment of an operating system is very important, but really without the
appropriate applications running in that OS, the machine isn't as useful as it might otherwise
be. So we want to focus here on supporting OS applications themselves. And this requires
quite a bit of upfront planning. For example, maybe you're in a secure computing environment
and you need a hardware token to authenticate, to use an app or perhaps to use an app in a
certain way.

An example of that would be, maybe you can send regular email that doesn't contain
confidential information without inserting a smart card token. But when you do need to send a
special type of email that needs to be encrypted, maybe that will only work when you insert a
smart card, or before you can run an app over a VPN you have to have authenticated with the
smart card, sometimes called a PKI card if it's got a certificate on it.

So those types of things we have to plan for. What is required to support using an application in
a particular way? So we have to think about how the app itself would be deployed. Is it built
into the OS, or is it something that would need to be installed and configured and managed
over time? In an enterprise environment you will have some kind of a centralized way to
manage the apps.

If it's for mobile devices and you're using Microsoft Intune, well then you can configure policies
to determine what is allowed to be done on that mobile device and also how apps get deployed
and whether apps are allowed to be installed from the App Store and so on. Apps have their
own specific requirements, in addition to what the OS needs, including at the hardware level,
such as whether the app will only run in a 32-bit environment or in a 64-bit environment.

Now remember, we're talking hardware, but also the operating system running on that
hardware. So, for example, you might have a 64-bit computer, but a 32-bit operating system
installed on it, which means you're not really taking advantage of the hardware. But it is
possible. In which case you might need a 32-bit version of the app to run in that particular
configuration. On the mobile side, you're going to have mobile devices using ARM processors,
so the software would have to support running on an ARM architecture.

The purpose of an ARM architecture is for mobile devices to be able to run processors with
low power draws, which means less battery consumption, less heat generation and so on. You
might also have very specific system and video RAM or video memory requirements.

For example, you might require four gigs of RAM just for the OS, but depending on what kind
of an app you're running and what you're going to be doing in that app, you might need an
additional eight gigs of RAM on top of the original four, to properly run the app. You're going to
have to refer to documentation, and of course, you'll have to do a bit of testing to see what the
optimal amount of memory is.

Now, on the video RAM side of things and video cards, you have to think about whether you
will be using an integrated or a dedicated graphics card, and this is really for desktop
computers where you can insert a dedicated graphics card such as into a PCI Express slot. And
you might need that for more horsepower at the graphics side of things, such as with video
animation, or 3D video rendering, or high performance gaming.

How you get the app installed will also vary. You might have a CD or a DVD installer to install
an app, you might have the actual physical optical media or you might have an ISO image of a
CD or a DVD. Remember, an ISO image just represents the physical structure of a disk. Or
perhaps the app is included already if you apply a specific OS image in the enterprise.

So you might have a golden reference image for Windows 11 in your enterprise, that already
includes apps that everyone uses. So when you deploy the OS image, the apps are already
there. You might have to apply updates, but that would be about it. Or maybe your
environment uses an automated way of deploying an OS image, after which it also
automatically installs apps.

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Or maybe you have to download the installation files from an internal web server, on your
intranet, or over the Internet, to get the install files to install the app. Or maybe you're going to
be using an App Store, if that's not been locked down and restricted by the administrator, to
install apps from that location, such as the Google Play Store for Android devices or the Apple
App Store on Apple devices, or maybe even the Windows Store on Windows devices.

But of course, we have to think about today's cloud computing environments, where we have
Software as a Service or SaaS. With Software as a Service, what we're talking about is running
productivity software, such as Google Docs online perhaps, over a network. OK, so it's running
somewhere else. That means it's running on cloud provider hardware.

The cloud provider would also be responsible for making sure that app software is installed
and updated. Really, you just access it from your device over a network, given that you have a
cloud subscription. You would be responsible for some app configuration settings and
resultant data from the use of it, but everything else is the responsibility of the cloud service
provider in that case.

So that's another form of running software in today's cloud computing environments. Now, we
did mention that you might have an ISO image of a CD or a DVD app installer.

In a Windows environment, you can right click on an ISO to mount it, for example, as a drive
letter, and then have access to the file system within it, such as the installer file. But it's always
important to make sure that your device meets the appropriate requirements to run a given
app. For instance, here we've got the Microsoft Office Device and OS requirements, and that
will vary from one specific version of Microsoft Office to another.

So it talks about having a 1.1 GHz or faster, 2-core processor on the Windows side. Then for
the macOS; because Microsoft Office runs on the macOS, it talks about the requirements for
that. Same goes for Memory, whether you're talking about Windows or the macOS, how much
RAM you need, both of them need at least 4 GB of RAM. Then the amount of space on the
Hard disk.

Any potential Display requirements, such as setting a specific display resolution, maybe a
Graphics card that might be required, the OS versions that are supported. [Video description
begins] The Hard disk for Windows OS is 4 GB of available disk space and for macOS, it's 10
GB of available disk space. The Display for Windows OS is 1280 x 768 screen resolution (64-
bit Office required for 4K and higher) and for macOS, 1280 x 800 screen resolution. The
Graphics section reads Graphics hardware acceleration requires DirectX 9 or later, with
WDDM 2.0 or higher for Windows 10 (or WDDM 1.3 or higher for Windows 10 Fall Creators
Update). The Operating system reads Windows OS: Windows 10 or Windows 11. [Video
description ends]

All of this you have to account for when you are planning, in the enterprise apps that you're
going to be using. You would also have to think about this if you were manually setting up apps
on a fresh computer that you're using personally at home.

14. Video: Course Summary (it_csap221_01_enus_14)

9ed68528-7137-4b8c-8b86-332257f68877

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summarize the key concepts covered in this course

[Video description begins] Topic title: Course Summary. [Video description ends]

So, in this course, we've examined how to recognize, how to select the appropriate operating
system for a given scenario, and how to plan the deployment of that operating system. We did
this by exploring Microsoft Windows operating systems and Windows Update settings, Unix
and Linux operating systems, and the macOS, Chrome, Android, iOS and the iPadOS, and we
also covered operating system installation methods.

We also discussed how to install Windows 10, Windows Server 2019, and Ubuntu Linux, as
well as how to deploy a macOS virtual machine. We then covered how to plan the deployment
of applications. In our next course, we'll move on to explore how to recognize when to use a
specific file system, and then how to use the appropriate tools to manage those file systems.

© 2023 Skillsoft Ireland Limited - All rights reserved.

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