Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Unit 3
Form and Event Handling

Marks: 10 (R-2, U-4, A-4)

Course Outcome: Create event-based web forms using javascript.

Unit Outcome:

1. Write JavaScript to design a form to accept input values for the given problem.

2. Use JavaScript to implement form events to solve the given problems.

3. Develop JavaScript to dynamically assign specified attribute value to the given

form control.

4. Use the given intrinsic functions with specified parameters.

Topics and Sub-topics:

3.1: Building blocks of a Form, properties and methods of form, button, text, text area,
checkbox, radio button, select element.

3.2: Form events - Mouse Events, Key Events

3.3: Form objects and elements

3.4: Changing attribute value dynamically

3.5: Changing option list dynamically

3.6: Evaluating checkbox selection

3.7: Changing a label dynamically

3.8: Manipulating form elements

3.9 Intrinsic JavaScript functions, disabling elements, read only elements

1
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Forms are one of the most common web page elements used with JavaScript.

JavaScript is commonly used with following two reasons:

➢ To add functionality that makes forms easier for users to fill out

➢ To validate or process the data that a user enters before that data is
submitted to a server-side script.

JavaScript form object represents HTML form. HTML forms are a very powerful tool for
interacting with users.

An HTML form is used to collect user input. The user input can then be sent to a server
for processing. JavaScript’s interaction with HTML is handled through events that occur
when the user or the browser manipulates a page.

3.1: Building blocks of a Form, properties and methods of form, button, text, text area,
checkbox, radio button, select element:

A form is a section of an HTML document that contains elements such as radio

buttons, text boxes and option lists. HTML form elements are also known as controls.

Elements are used as an efficient way for a user to enter information into a form.
Typical form control objects also called “widgets” includes the following:

✓ Text box for entering a line of text.

✓ Push button for selecting an action.

✓ Radio buttons for making one selection among a group of options.

✓ Check boxes for selecting or deselecting a single, independent option.

The <form> element can contain one or more of the following form elements:

• <input>
• <textarea>
• <button>
• <select>
• <option>
• <fieldset>
• <label>
• <legend>

2
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

The attributes of the form are:

Attribute Value Description

action URL Specifies where to send the form-data when a form is submitted
method get Specifies the HTTP method to use when sending form-data
post
name text Specifies the name of a form
id Any id Unique identifier
onSubmit Function Event fired up when the form is submitted and before the
name execution of the action.

Syntax:

<form name = “myform” id = “myform” action = “page.html” onSubmit = “test()”>

-----objects----
</form>

HTML Form Elements:

Sr. HTML Element Type Event Description and Events

No Property Handler

1 <input type = “button” onclick A push buttons.

“button”>
or
<button type =
“button”>

2 <input type = “checkbox” onchange A toggle button without

“checkbox”> radio button behavior.

3 <input type = “file”> “file” onchange An input held for entering

the name of a file to upload
to the web server, value
property is read only.

4 <input type = “hidden” none Data submitted with the

“hidden” form but not visible to the
user.

5 <option> none none A single item within a select

object, event handlers are

3
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

an the select object and not

on individual option objects.

6 <input type = “password” onchange An input field for password

“password”> entry where typed
characters are not visible.

7 <input type = “radio” onchange A toggle button with radio

“radio”> button behavior where only
one item is selected at a
time.

8 <input type = “reset” onclick A push button that resets a

“reset”> form.
or
<button type =
“reset”>

9 <select> “select- onchange A list or drop-down menu

one” from which one item may be
selected.

10 <select multiple> “select- onchange A list from which multiple

multiple” items are selected.

11 <input type = “submit” onclick A push button that submits

“submit”> a form.
or
<button type =
“submit”>

12 <input type = “text”> “text” onchange A single line text entry field.

13 <textarea> “textarea” onchange A multi-line text entry field.

14 <label> defines a label

15 <fieldset> tag is used to group related

elements in a form.
tag draws a box around the
related elements.

4
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<input> tag with its parameters:

1. name: Can be used so that the value of the element can be processed.
2. type: Can be used to specify the type of input.
3. id: Identification name of element.
4. value: Can be used to specify the initial value. It is required when type is set to
checkbox or radio. It should not be used when type is set to file.
5. checked: Can be used when type is set to checkbox or radio to set the initial state
of a checkbox or radio button to be selected.
6. maxlength: Can be used to specify the maximum number of characters allowed in a
textbox.
7. src: Can be used when type is set to image to specify the location of an image file.
8. alt: Can be used when type is set to image to specify the alternative text of the
image, which should be a short description.

Code: To accept first name, last name, email and birthdate. After clicking on button,
details will be displayed as an output.

<html>
<head>
<style>
fieldset
{
background-color: pink;
}

legend
{
background-color: gray;
color: white;
padding: 5px 10px;
}

input
{
margin: 5px;

5
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action=" ">
<fieldset>
<legend>Personalia:</legend>
<label for="fname">First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname"><br><br>
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="email" id="email" name="email"><br><br>
<label for="birthday">Birthday:</label>
<input type="date" id="birthday" name="birthday"><br><br>
</fieldset>
</form>
<p>Click the button to get the details:</p>
<button onclick="myFunction()">Details</button>
<BR>
<p id="demo"></p>
<p id="demo1"></p>
<p id="demo2"></p>
<p id="demo3"></p>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var y = document.getElementById("fname").value;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = y;
var x = document.getElementById("lname").value;
document.getElementById("demo1").innerHTML = x;
var z = document.getElementById("email").value;
document.getElementById("demo2").innerHTML = z;
var w = document.getElementById("birthday").value;
document.getElementById("demo3").innerHTML = w;
6
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Properties and Methods:

• The Form object represents a <form> element in an HTML document. The elements
property is an HTML collection that provides convenient access to all elements of
the form. The submit () and reset () methods allow a form to be submitted or reset
under program control.

• Each form in a document is represented as an element of the documents.forms[]

array. The elements of a form are collected in the array like object Form.elements.

7
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Properties of Form:

Sr. Properties Description

No.
1 action Read/Write string that reflects the action attribute of the form.
2 elements[ ] An array containing all of the elements of the form. Use it to loop
through form easily.
3 encoding Read/Write string that specifies how the form data is encoded.
4 length The number of elements in the form.
5 method Read/Write string that specifies how the method the form is
submitted.
6 name The name of the form.
7 target The name of the target frame or window form is to be submitted
to.

Methods of Form:

Sr. Methods Description

No.
1 reset() Resets the form
2 submit() Submits a form

Methods of Events:

Sr. Methods Description

No.
1 onReset Code is executed when the form is reset.
2 onSubmit Code is executed when form is submitted.

Code: Assign values to the text boxes after clicking on a button.

<html> <head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function assign()
{
document.forms.book.title.value="CSS_book";
document.forms.book.author.value="Manisha Padwal";
}
</script>

8
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

</head>
<body>
<form id="book">
Title of Book:<input id="title"> <br> <br>
Author of Book:<input id="author"> <br> <br>
<input type="button" id="btn" value="Assign Values" onclick="assign()">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Forms and the elements they contain can be selected from a document using

1. getElementById() method
2. getElementsByName() method
3. getElementsByTagName() method
4. getElementsByClassName() method
5. innerHTML property
6. innerText property

getElementById() method :

▪ The getElementById() method returns the element that has the ID attribute with
the specified value.

▪ This method is one of the most common methods in the HTML DOM, and is used
almost every time you want to manipulate, or get info from, an element on your
document.

9
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Syntax:

document.getElementById(elementID);

Code: Following code displays after clicking on button, text color is changed as red.

<html>
<body>

<p id="demo">Click the button to change the color of this paragraph.</p>

<button onclick="myFunction()">change color</button>

<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("demo");
x.style.color = "red";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

2. getElementsByName() method

10
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

The getElementsByName() method returns a collection of all elements in the document

with the specified name (the value of the name attribute).

Syntax:

document.getElementsByName(name);
Code: Check all <input> elements with type="checkbox" in the document that have a
name attribute with the value "animal":

<html>
<body>
<input name="program" type="checkbox" value="IF">
Information Technology <br>
<input name="program" type="checkbox" value="CO">
Computer Engineering
<br>
<p>Click the button to check all checkboxes that have a name attribute with the value
"program".</p>
<button onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementsByName("program");
var i;
for (i = 0; i < x.length; i++)
{
if (x[i].type == "checkbox")
{
x[i].checked = true;
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

11
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Output:

3. getElementsByTagName() method

The getElementsByTagName() method returns a collection of all elements in the

document with the specified tag name.

Syntax:

document.getElementsByTagName(tagname);

Code: Following code illustrates the use of getElementsByTagName() to count how many
LI elements are present in unordered list.
Find out how many <li> elements there are in the document.

<html>
<body>
<p>An unordered list:</p>
<ul>
<li>Information Technology</li>
<li>Computer Engineering</li>
<li>Chemical Engineering</li>
</ul>
<p>Click the button to find out how many li elements there are in this document. </p>
<button onclick="myFunction()">Click</button>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementsByTagName("LI");

12
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x.length;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Code: Change the background color of all <p> elements in the document as pink and
text color as blue.

<html>
<body>
<p>Computer Engineering</p>
<p>Information Technology</p>
<p>Electronics and Telecommunication</p>
<button onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementsByTagName("P");
var i;
for (i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
x[i].style.backgroundColor = "pink";
x[i].style.color = "blue";
}

13
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

}
</script> </body> </html>
Output:

Click on “Try it”

4) getElementsByClassName() Method

The getElementsByClassName() method returns an object containing all the

elements with the specified class names in the document as objects. Each element
in the returned object can be accessed by its index. This method can be called
upon any individual element to search for its descendant elements with the
specified class names.
Syntax:
document.getElementsByClassName(classnames);
Parameters: This method takes only one parameter, which is a string containing
space-separated class names of the elements to search for.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>DOM getElementByClassName() Method</title>
<style>
h1 {
color: green;
}
body {
text-align: center;
}

14
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

.example {
padding: 10px;
margin: auto;
margin-top: 10px;
border: 1px solid black;
width: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Client_side Scripting</h1>
<h2>DOM getElementByClassName() Method</h2>
<div>
<h4 class="example">div1</h4>
<h4 class="yellowBorder example">div2</h4>
<h4 class="greenBorder example">div3</h4>
<h4 class="example">div4</h4>
</div>
<script>
document.getElementsByClassName('greenBorder example')[0]
.style.border="10px solid green";
document.getElementsByClassName('yellowBorder example')[0]
.style.border="10px solid yellow";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

15
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

5) innerHTML property

The easiest way to modify the content of an HTML element is by using

the innerHTML property.

To change the content of an HTML element, use this syntax:

document.getElementById(id).innerHTML = new HTML;

Code: to change the text by using innerHTML property.

<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
function changeText()
{
document.getElementById('js').innerHTML = 'Fifth Semester Javascript!!!!';
}
</script>
<p>Welcome to <b id='js'>JAVASCRIPT</b> </p>
<input type='button' onclick='changeText()' value='Change Text'/>
</body>
</html>
Output:

16
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Code: Script for count the number of <p> tag and <H2> tag.

<html>
<head>
<style>
div
{
border: 1px solid black;
margin: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="myDIV">
<p>Information Technology</p>
<p>Computer Engg.</p>
<p>Electronics and Telecommunication</p>
<p>Chemical Engg.</p>
</div>
<div id="myh">
<H2>Vidyalankar Polytechnic</H2>
<H2>Vidyalankar Institute of Technology </H2>
</div>
<button onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
<p id="demo"></p>
<p id="demo1"></p>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("myDIV").getElementsByTagName("P");
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x.length;

17
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

var y = document.getElementById("myh").getElementsByTagName("H2");
document.getElementById("demo1").innerHTML = y.length;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Code:

<script type="text/javascript">
function changeText()
{
var userInput = document.getElementById('userInput').value;
document.getElementById('vp').innerHTML = userInput;
}
</script>
<p>Welcome <b id='vp'>JavaScript</b> </p>
<input type='text' id='userInput' value='Enter Text Here' />
<input type='button' onclick='changeText()' value='Change Text'/>
Output:

18
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Code:

<html>
<body>
Name: <input type="text" id="userInputName" value=""> <br> <br>
Password: <input type="password" id="userInputPwd" value=""> <br> <br>
<input type="button" onclick="changeText()" value="Change Text">
<p>Name is <b id="vp">JavaScript</b> </p>
<p>Password is <b id="vp1">JavaScript</b> </p>
<script>
function changeText()
{
var userInputName = document.getElementById("userInputName").value;
document.getElementById("vp").innerHTML = userInputName;
var userInputPwd = document.getElementById("userInputPwd").value;
document.getElementById("vp1").innerHTML = userInputPwd;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Code: Execute a JavaScript when a form is submitted.

19
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<html>
<body>
<p>When you submit the form, a function is triggered which alerts some text.</p>
<form action="" onsubmit="myFunction()">
Enter name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
alert("The form was submitted");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

<input> Element of form:

<input> tag defines the start of an input field where the user can enter data.

Syntax:
<input type="value">

6) innerText property

The innerText property can be used to write the dynamic text on the html document.
Here, text will not be interpreted as html text but a normal text.

It is used mostly in the web pages to generate the dynamic content such as writing the
validation message, password strength etc.

20
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

In this example, we are going to display the password strength when releases the key
after press.

<script type="text/javascript" >

function validate() {
var msg;
if(document.myForm.userPass.value.length>5){
msg="good";
}
else{
msg="poor";
}
document.getElementById('mylocation').innerText=msg;
}

</script>
<form name="myForm">
<input type="password" value="" name="userPass" onkeyup="validate()">
Strength:<span id="mylocation">no strength</span>
</form>

Attributes of <input> Tag:

Name: Name assigns a name to the input field. The name of the input field is used to
send the information to the server.

Value: This attribute sets the value for the input field.

Type: type attributes indicates the type of input element that has to be given in following
table.

Value Description
button Defines a clickable button (mostly used with a JavaScript to
activate a script)
checkbox Defines a checkbox
color Defines a color picker
date Defines a date control (year, month, day (no time))
email Defines a field for an e-mail address
hidden Defines a hidden input field

21
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

image Defines an image as the submit button

password Defines a password field
radio Defines a radio button
reset Defines a reset button
submit Defines a submit button
text Default. Defines a single-line text field

Button:

Button is created by using following code:

<form method = “GET” action = “”>

<input type = “button” name = “MyButton” value = “Click” onclick = “msg()”>
<form>
There are several types of button, which are specified by the type attribute:

1. Button which corresponds to the graphic component.

2. Submit, which is associated to the form and which starts the loading of the file
assigned to the action attribute.

3. Image button in which an image loaded from a file.

A Button object also represents an HTML <button> element which is specified as follows:

<button name = “btn” value = “MyButton” onclick = “msg()”>

Inside a <button> element you can put content, like text or images. But this is not the
case with the buttons created with <input> tag.

Attribute Value Description

name name Specifies a name for the button
type button Specifies the type of button
reset
submit
value text Specifies an initial value for the button

Event handling with Button:

A push button that activates a JavaScript when it is clicked:

Syntax:

<input type="button" value=”aaa” onclick=”function_name()”>

22
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

OR

<button onclick="Function_name()"> Click me </button>

Code:

<html>
<body>
<h2>Show a Push Button</h2>
<p>The button below activates a JavaScript when it is clicked. </p>
<form>
<input type="button" value="Click me" onclick="msg()">
</form>
<script>
function msg()
{
alert("Hello world!");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Code:

<html>
<body>
23
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<h3>The onclick Event using Button tag. </h3>

<button onclick="myFunction()">Click me</button>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Welcome to JavaScript";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Code:

<html>
<body>
<p id="demo">Click me.</p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").onclick = function()
{
myFunction()
};
function myFunction()
{
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "YOU CLICKED ME!";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

24
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Output:

Text:

Input “text” is an object to enter a single line of text whose content will be part of form
data.

In html a text is created by following code:

<input type=”text” name=”textname” id=”textid” value=” assign_value” />

Code:

<script type="text/javascript">
function changeText()
{
var userInput = document.getElementById('userInput').value;
document.getElementById('vp').innerHTML = userInput;
}
</script>

<input type='text' id='userInput' value='Enter Text Here' />

<p>Welcome <b id='vp'>JavaScript</b> </p>
<input type='button' onclick='changeText()' value='Change Text'/>
</script>
Output:

TextArea

The Textarea object represents an HTML <textarea> element.

25
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

The <textarea> tag indicates a form field where the user can enter a large amount of
text.

You can access a <textarea> element by using getElementById():

Attributes of TextArea tag:

Property Description
cols Sets or returns the value of the cols attribute of a text area
name Sets or returns the value of the name attribute of a text area
rows Sets or returns the value of the rows attribute of a text area
value Sets or returns the contents of a text area
wrap Sets or returns the value of the wrap attribute of a text area.
• Soft: “Soft" forces the words to wrap once inside the textarea but
once the form is submitted, the words will no longer appear as
such, and line breaks and spacing are not maintained.
• Hard :"Hard" wraps the words inside the text box and places line
breaks at the end of each line so that when the form is submitted
the text will transfer as it appears in the field, including line
breaks and spacing.
• "Off“: sets a textarea to ignore all wrapping and places the text
into one ongoing line.
textareaObject.wrap = soft/hard/off
readonly Setting a "yes" or "no" value for the readonly attribute determines
whether or not a viewer has permission to manipulate the text inside the
text field.
disabled Disabling the textarea altogether prevents the surfer from highlighting,
copying, or modifying the field in any way. To accomplish this, set
the disabled property to "yes".
Code: to demonstrate the <textarea> and its attributes.

<html>
<body>

<textarea cols="30" rows="5" wrap="hard" readonly="yes" disabled="yes">

As you can see many times word wrapping is often the desired look for your textareas.
Since it makes everything nice and easy to read and preserves line breaks.
</textarea>
</body>

</html>

26
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Output:

In above code, disabled="yes" that is textarea is disabled (cannot perform any

highlighting, copying, or modifying) .

Without using “disabled” attribute of <textarea>

<textarea cols="30" rows="5" wrap="hard" readonly="yes">

Output will be like:

Code: to display the content from textarea.

<html>
<body>
Address:<br>
<textarea id="myTextarea" cols=32 Rows=5>
</textarea>
<p>Click the button to get the content of the text area.</p>
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Display Address</button>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("myTextarea").value;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

27
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Output:

Methods of TextArea:

Method Description
select() Selects the entire contents of a text area

Code: Select the contents of a text area.

<html>
<body>
Address:<br>
<textarea id="myTextarea" cols=32 Rows=5>
</textarea>
<p>Click the button to get the content of the text area.</p>
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Display Address</button>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("myTextarea").value;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

28
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Checkbox:
<input> elements of type checkbox are rendered by default as boxes that are checked
(ticked) when activated. A checkbox allows you to select single values for submission in a
form (or not).

Syntax for creating checkbox is:

<input type="checkbox" id="myCheck" onclick="myFunction()">

A checkbox can have only two states:

1. Checked
2. Unchecked
Code:

<html>
<body>
<div>
Program:
<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="program" id="it" value="IT">
<label for="it">Information Tech</label> <br>

<input type="checkbox" name="program" id="co" value="CO" checked>

<label for="co">Computer Engg</label> <br>

<input type="checkbox" name="program" id="ej" value="EJ">

<label for="ej">Electronics</label> <br>

29
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<button onclick="validate();">Validate</button>
</div>

<div id="status">
</div>
<script>
function validate()
{
var elements = document.getElementsByName("program");
var statusText = " ";
for (var index=0;index < elements.length;index++)
{
statusText = statusText +
elements[index].value+"="+elements[index].checked+"<br>";
}
document.getElementById("status").innerHTML = statusText;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Radio Button:

30
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

The radio button allows the user to choose one of a predefined set of options. You can
define groups with the name property of the radio buttons.

Radio buttons with the same name belong to the same group. Radio buttons with
different names belongs to the different groups. At most one radio button can be
checked in a group.

Syntax:

<input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="male">

Code:

<html>
<body>
<form method="post" action=" " onsubmit="return ValidateForm();">
<fieldset>
<legend>Select Course:</legend>
<input type="radio" name="br" value="IT" checked>IT<br>
<input type="radio" name="br" value="CO">CO<br>
<input type="radio" name="br" value="EJ">EJ<br>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit now">
</fieldset>
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
function ValidateForm()
{
var obj = document.getElementsByName("br");
for(var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++)
{
if(obj[i].checked == true)
{
if(confirm("You have selected " + obj[i].value))
return true;
else
return false;

31
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Select:

Form SELECT elements (<select>) within your form can be accessed and manipulated in
JavaScript via the corresponding Select object.

To access a SELECT element in JavaScript, use the syntax:

document.myform.selectname //where myform and selectname are names of your

form/element.

document.myform.elements[i] //where i is the position of the select element within form

document.getElementById("selectid") //where "selectid" is the ID of the SELECT element

on the page.

Option Object

The Option object represents an HTML <option> element.

32
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Access an Option Object

You can access an <option> element by using getElementById().

Option Object Properties

Property Description

defaultSelected Returns the default value of the selected attribute

disabled Sets or returns whether an option is disabled, or not

form Returns a reference to the form that contains the option

index Sets or returns the index position of an option in a drop-down list

label Sets or returns the value of the label attribute of an option in a drop-
down list

selected Sets or returns the selected state of an option

text Sets or returns the text of an option

value Sets or returns the value of an option to be sent to the server

Code: Disable the third option (index 2) in a drop-down list and apply color as red to
disabled index.

<html>
<body>
<select id="programs" size="5">
<option>Computer Engineering</option>

33
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<option>Information Technology</option>
<option>Chemical Engineering</option>
<option>Electronics & TeleComm.</option>
</select>

<p>Click the button to disable the third option (index 2) in the dropdown list.</p>

<button onclick="myFunction()">Disable Option</button>

<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("programs").options[2].disabled = true;
document.getElementById("programs").options[2].style.color = "red";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Code: Display index and text associated with that index.

<html>

34
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<body>
Select a Program and click the button:
<select id="mySelect">
<option>Information Technology</option>
<option>Computer Engg</option>
<option>Civil Engg</option>
<option>Electronics and Telecommunication</option>
</select>
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">
Display index</button>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("mySelect").selectedIndex;
var y = document.getElementById("mySelect").options;
alert("Index: " + y[x].index + " is " + y[x].text);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

35
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

3. 2 Form Events:

The form property within the document object contains an array of all forms defined within
the document.

Each element within the array is a form object, the index number associated with the form
object defines the order in which the form appears on the webpage.

The change in the state of an object is known as an Event. In html, there are various events
which represents that some activity is performed by the user or by the browser. When
javascript code is included in HTML, javascript react over these events and allow the
execution. This process of reacting over the events is called Event Handling. Thus, javascript
handles the HTML events via Event Handlers.

For example, when a user clicks over the browser, add javascript code, which will execute
the task to be performed on the event.

Table: Event handlers for Form Elements.

Object Event Handler

button onClick, onBlur, onFocus

checkbox onClick, onBlur, onFocus.

FileUpLoad onClick, onBlur, onFocus

hidden none

password onBlur, onFocus, onSelect.

radio onClick, onBlur, onFocus

reset onReset

select onFocus, onBlur, onChange.

submit onSubmit

36
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

onClick, onBlur, onFocus ,

text
onChange

onClick, onBlur, onFocus ,

textarea
onChange

The main utility of a button object is to trigger an event, say an onClick() event, but a
button object has no default action.

The are several types of buttons associated with a form:

• submit
• reset
• button

These events are fired when some click related activity is registered.

Form events:

Event Event Description

Performed Handler

focus onfocus When the user focuses on an element

submit onsubmit When the user submits the form

blur onblur When the focus is away from a form element (The onblur
event occurs when an object loses focus.)

change onchange When the user modifies or changes the value of a form
element
Code: onfocus event

<html>
<head> Javascript Events</head>
<body>
<h2> Enter something here</h2>
<input type="text" id="input1" onfocus="focusevent()"/>
<script>

37
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

function focusevent()
{
document.getElementById("input1").style.background=" green";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

Code: onsubmit event

<html>
<body>

<p>When you submit the form, a function is triggered which alerts some text.</p>

<form action="" onsubmit="myFunction()">

Enter name: <input type="text" name="fname">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

<script>
function myFunction()
{
alert("The form was submitted");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

38
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Output:

Code: onblur event

Execute a JavaScript when a user leaves an input field, as soon as user leaves the input
field, content in text box is appeared as in uppercase and color is blue.

<html>
<body>

Enter your name: <input type="text" id="fname" onblur="myFunction()">

<p>When you leave the input field, a function is triggered which transforms the input
text to upper case.</p>

<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("fname");
x.value = x.value.toUpperCase();
document.getElementById("fname").style.color="blue";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Window/Document events:

39
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Event Event Description

Performed Handler

load onload When the browser finishes the loading of the page

unload onunload When the visitor leaves the current webpage, the
browser unloads it

resize onresize When the visitor resizes the window of the browser

Code: onload event

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function message() {
alert("Welcome to this page:onload event");
}
</script>
</head>
<body onload="message()">
When page loaded alert is displayed.
</body>
</html>
Output:

Code: onresize event

<html>

40
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<body onresize="myFunction()">

<p>Try to resize the browser window to display the windows height and width.</p>

<p id="demo"></p>

<script>
function myFunction()
{
var w = window.outerWidth;
var h = window.outerHeight;
var txt = "Window size: width=" + w + ", height=" + h;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = txt;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

41
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Code: onclick event

d
Output:

Mouse Events:

Attribute Value Description

onclick script Fires on a mouse click on the element
ondblclick script Fires on a mouse double-click on the element
onmousedown script Fires when a mouse button is pressed down on an
element
onmousemove script Fires when the mouse pointer is moving while it is over
an element
onmouseout script Fires when the mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseover script Fires when the mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseup script Fires when a mouse button is released over an element
onwheel script Fires when the mouse wheel rolls up or down over an
element
oncontextmenu script oncontextmenu event occurs when the user right-clicks
on an element to open the context menu.

Code: onmouseout and onmouseover event

<html>
<html>
<body>
<img onmouseover="bigImg(this)" onmouseout="normalImg(this)" border="1"
src="aa.jpg" width="64" height="64">
<script>
function bigImg(x)
{
x.style.height ="120px";
x.style.width ="120px";
42
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

}
function normalImg(x)
{
x.style.height = "64px";
x.style.width = "64px";
}
</script>
</body> </html>
Output:

Code: onwheel event

When you roll the mouse over the paragraph either up or down, paragraph text will be
increased to 35 pixels.

<html>
<body>

<div id="aa" onwheel="myFunction()">

This example demonstrates how to assign an "onwheel" event event to a DIV element.
Roll the mouse wheel over me - either up or down!</div>

<script>
function myFunction()
{
document.getElementById("aa").style.fontSize = "35px";
}
</script>

43
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

</body>
</html>
Output:

Code: ondblclick event

<html>
<body>
<h2>
<p id="demo" ondblclick="color_change()">Double-click me to change my text
color.</p> </h2>

<script>
function color_change()
{
document.getElementById("demo").style.color = "red";
document.getElementById("demo").style.backgroundColor = "yellow";
}
</script>

</body>
</html>
Output:

Code: onmousedown and onmouseup event

<html>
<body>

44
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<p id="p1" onmousedown="mouseDown()" onmouseup="mouseUp()">

Click the text! The mouseDown() function is triggered when the mouse button is
pressed down over this paragraph. The function sets the color of the text to red. The
mouseUp() function is triggered when the mouse button is released. The mouseUp()
function sets the color of the text to blue.
</p>
<script>
function mouseDown()
{
document.getElementById("p1").style.color = "red";
}
function mouseUp()
{
document.getElementById("p1").style.color = "blue";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Code: oncontextmenu event

Execute a JavaScript when the user right-clicks on a <div> element with a context menu:

<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
background: yellow;
45
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

border: 1px solid black;

padding: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div oncontextmenu="myFunction()" contextmenu="mymenu">
<p>Right-click inside this box to see the context menu!
</div>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
alert("You right-clicked inside the div!");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Code: onmousemove event

Execute a JavaScript when moving the mouse pointer over a <div> element and display
the x and y coordinates.

<html>
<head>
46
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<style>
div {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px solid black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This example demonstrates how to assign an "onmousemove" event to a div
element.</p>
<div onmousemove="myFunction(event)"></div>
<p>Mouse over the rectangle above, and get the coordinates of your mouse
pointer.</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
function myFunction(e)
{
var x = e.clientX;
var y = e.clientY;
var coor = "Coordinates: (" + x + "," + y + ")";
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = coor;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

47
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head>

<title>Example: Working with Mouse events</title>

<style>

body{font-family:Verdana;

background:#44c767; color:#fff;}

</style>

<script>

var count = 0;

function tracker(){

count++;

alert(count + " Mouse moves have been registered");

function popup1() {

alert("Event Registered : onMouseOver");

function popup2() {

48
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

alert("Event Registered : onMouseOut");

</script>

</head>

<body>

<p>Move the mouse over the link to trigger the event

<a href="#" onmouseover="popup1()"> onMouseOver</a></p>

<p>Move the mouse over the link to trigger the event

<a href="#" onmouseout="popup2()"> onMouseOver</a></p>

<p>Move the mouse over the button, it keeps a track of number

of times the mouse moves over the button</p>

<button onmouseover="tracker()">Move over this button </button>

</body>

</html>

______________-

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head><title>Javascript Events: Attach an Event Listener</title>

</head>

<body>

<p id="content">We must let go of the life we have planned,

49
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

so as to accept the one that is waiting for us </p>

</body>

<script>

var p = document.getElementById("content");

p.addEventListener('click',change); //event Listener attached

// false denotes that bubbling method of event propogation

function change(){

this.style.background ="#FA8B7C";

this.style.fontFamily ="Verdana";

this.style.padding ="10px";

this.style.color ="#fff";

this.style.border ="4px dotted green";

</script>

</html>

http://www.tutorialspark.com/javascript/JavaScript_Mouse_Event.php

KeyEvent:

These event types belong to the KeyboardEvent Object:

Event Description

keydown The event occurs when the user is pressing a key

keypress The event occurs when the user presses a key

keyup The event occurs when the user releases a key

50
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

1) The onkeydown event occurs when the user is pressing a key (on the keyboard).

Syntax: <element onkeydown="myScript”>

The keydown event occurs when the user presses down a key on the keyboard. You can
handle the keydown event with the onkeydown event handler. The following example will
show you an alert message when the keydown event occurs.

Code: onkeydown event

<html>
<body>
<input type="text" onkeydown="alert('You have pressed a key inside text input!')">
<hr>
<textarea cols="30" onkeydown="alert('You have pressed a key inside
textarea!')"></textarea>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Try to enter some text inside input box and
textarea.</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:

2) The onkeyup event occurs when the user releases a key (on the keyboard).

Syntax: <element onkeyup="myScript">

You can handle the keyup event with the onkeyup event handler.

51
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

The following example will show you an alert message when the keyup event occurs.

Code: onkeyup event

<html>
<body>
<input type="text" onkeyup="alert('You have released a key inside text input!')">
<hr>
<textarea cols="30" onkeyup="alert('You have released a key inside
textarea!')"></textarea>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Try to enter some text inside input box and
textarea.</p>
</body>
</html>
Output:

3) The onkeypress event occurs when the user presses a key (on the keyboard).

Syntax: <element onkeypress="myScript">

The keypress event occurs when a user presses down a key on the keyboard that has a
character value associated with it. For example, keys like Ctrl, Shift, Alt, Esc, Arrow keys,
etc. will not generate a keypress event, but will generate a keydown and keyup event.

You can handle the keypress event with the onkeypress event handler.

The following example will show you an alert message when the keypress event occurs.

Code: onkeypress event

<html>
<body>
<p>Press a key inside the text field to set a red background color.</p>

<input type="text" id="demo" onkeypress="myFunction()">

52
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<script>
function myFunction()
{ document.getElementById("demo").style.backgroundColor = "red";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

In JavaScript, using the addEventListener() method, you can handle an event:

Syntax: object.addEventListener("name_of_event", myScript);

Code: addEventListener( )

<html>
<body>
<p>Press a key inside the text field to set a red background color.</p>

<input type="text" id="demo">

<script>
document.getElementById("demo").addEventListener("keypress", myFunction);

function myFunction()
{
document.getElementById("demo").style.backgroundColor = "red";
}
</script>
</body>

53
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

</html>

Output:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Javascript Mouse Events</title>

<style>

#target-div {

width: 320px;

height: 150px;

background: blue;

margin-bottom: 10px;

</style>

<script>

function clickHandler(evt) {

var html = "evt.altKey=" + evt.altKey;

document.getElementById("log-div").innerHTML = html;

</script>

54
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

</head>

<body>

<h3>Press Ctrl key and Click</h3>

<div id="target-div" onclick="clickHandler(event)" >

</div>

<div style="color:red;" id="log-div">

</div>

</body>

</html>

3.3 Changing an attribute value dynamically:

The change in any attribute value can be reflected to the user by highlighting the value
or text by some color.

The onchange event is associated with many elements <input>, <select> of a form
object and helpful to make call to a function where the change of attribute value code is
written.

In following example onchange event is used with two textboxes and whenever user will
make chage in value of these textboxes, text color and background of text boxes will
change.

Code: onchange event to change text color as blue and background color is pink.

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function highlight(x)
{
x.style.color="blue";
x.style.backgroundColor="pink";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

55
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<form name="myform" action=" " method="post">

Institute Name:
<input type="text" name="iname" onchange="highlight(this)"/>
<BR>
Program:
<input type="text" name="infotech" onchange="highlight(this)"/>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Code: onchange event to change the text in text box.

<html>
<body>
Enter some text:
<input type="text" name="txt" value="Hello" onchange="myFunction(this.value)">

<script>
function myFunction(val)
{
alert("The input value has changed. The new value is: " + val);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

56
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

“with” keyword

The with keyword is used as a kind of shorthand for referencing an object's properties or
methods.

The object specified as an argument to with becomes the default object for the duration
of the block that follows. The properties and methods for the object can be used without
naming the object.

Syntax:

with (object)

Properties used without the object name and dot

Example:

Without using “with” keyword Use of “with” keyword

<html> <html>
<body> <body>
<h2>JavaScript Math functions without <h2>JavaScript Math functions without
using "with"</h2> using "with"</h2>
<script> <script>
var r = 10; var r = 10;
{ with (Math)
a = (Math.PI) * r * r; {
x = r * Math.cos(Math.PI); a = PI * r * r;
y = r * Math.sin(Math.PI / 2); x = r * cos(PI);
z=Math.sqrt(16); y = r * sin(PI / 2);
} z=sqrt(16);
document.write("a="+a+"<br>"); }
document.write("x="+x+"<br>"); document.write("a="+a+"<br>");
document.write("y="+y+"<br>"); document.write("x="+x+"<br>");
document.write("z="+z+"<br>"); document.write("y="+y+"<br>");

57
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

</script> document.write("z="+z+"<br>");
</body> </script>
</html> </body>
</html>

Output: Output:

JavaScript Math functions JavaScript Math functions

without using "with" using "with"
a=314.1592653589793 a=314.1592653589793
x=-10 x=-10
y=10 y=10
z=4 z=4

3.4 Changing option list dynamically:

Code: Following example provides two radio buttons to the user one is for fruits and
another is for vegetables.

When user will select the fruits radio button, the option list should present only the fruits
names to user and when user will select the vegetable radio button, the option list
should present only the vegetable names to user so that user can select an appropriate
element of interest.

<html>
<body>
<html>
<script type="text/javascript">
function modifyList(x)
{
with(document.forms.myform)
{
if(x ==1)
{
optionList[0].text="Kiwi";
optionList[0].value=1;
optionList[1].text="Pine-Apple ";

58
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

optionList[1].value=2;
optionList[2].text="Apple";
optionList[2].value=3;
}

if(x ==2)
{
optionList[0].text="Tomato";
optionList[0].value=1;
optionList[1].text="Onion ";
optionList[1].value=2;
optionList[2].text="Cabbage ";
optionList[2].value=3;
}
}
}

</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="myform" action=" " method="post">
<select name="optionList" size="3">
<option value=1>Kiwi
<option value=1>Pine-Apple
<option value=1>Apple
</select>
<br>
<input type="radio" name="grp1" value=1 checked="true"
onclick="modifyList(this.value)"> Fruits

<input type="radio" name="grp1" value=2 onclick="modifyList(this.value)">

Vegitables
</form>
</body>
</html>

59
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Output:

Code: Following example provides four list elements as name of branches. When you
select a branch from list, selected branch will be displayed as output.

<html>
<body>
<p>Select Program from list:</p>
<select id="mySelect" onchange="myFunction()">
<option value="CO">Computer Engg</option>
<option value="IF">Information Technology</option>
<option value="EJ">Electronics and Tele</option>
<option value="CE">Chemical Engg</option>
</select>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("mySelect").value;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "You selected: " + x;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

3.5 Evaluating check box selections

60
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

A checkbox is created by using the input element with the type=”checkbox” attribute-value
pair.

A checkbox in a form has only two states (checked or un-checked). Checkboxes can be
grouped together under a common name.

Code: Following example make use of five checkboxes to provide five options to the user
regarding favorite color. After the selection of favorite colors, all selected color names are
displayed as output.

<html>
<head>
<title>Print value of all checked CheckBoxes on Button click.</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function printChecked()
{
var items=document.getElementsByName('check_print');
var selectedItems="";
for(var i=0; i<items.length; i++)
{
if(items[i].type=='checkbox' && items[i].checked==true)
selectedItems+=items[i].value+"<br>";
}
document.getElementById("y").innerHTML =selectedItems;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<big>Select your favourite accessories: </big><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="check_print" value="red">red<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="check_print" value="Blue">Blue<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="check_print" value="Green">Green<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="check_print" value="Yellow">Yellow<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="check_print" value="Orange">Orange<br>
<p><input type="button" onclick='printChecked()' value="Click me"/></p>
You Selected:
<p id="y"></p>

61
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

</body>
</html>
Output:

3.6 Changing labels dynamically

What is a label?
The <label>tag is used to provide a usability improvement for mouse users i.e, if a user
clicks on the text within the <label> element, it toggles the control.
Approach:
• Create a label element and assign an id to that element.
• Define a button that is used to call a function. It acts as a switch to change the text
in the label element.
• Define a javaScript function, that will update the label text.
• Use the innerHTML property to change the text inside the label.
The innerHTML property sets or returns the HTML content of an element.

Code: Given an HTML document and the task is to change the text and color of a label
using JavaScript.

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body style="text-align:center;">
<h1 style="color:green;">
Client-SideScripting
</h1>
<h4>
Click on the button to change the text of a label

62
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

</h4>
<label id = "aaa">
Welcome to Client-Side Scripting Course.
</label>
<br>
<button onclick="change_L()">
Click Here!
</button>

<script>
function change_L()
{
document.getElementById('aaa').innerHTML
= "CSS is a client-side scripting language.";
document.getElementById('aaa').style.color
= "red";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

3.7 Manipulating form elements

Javascript make it possible with help of hidden element which is similar to any html
element except it does not appear on screen.

Code: Following example is displaying the text of hidden text box after clicking on submit
button.

<html>
<head>

63
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

<title>
HTML Input Hidden value Property
</title>
</head>
<body style="text-align:center;">
<h1 style="color:green;">
Vidyalankar Polyetechnic
</h1>
<h2>Input Hidden value Property</h2>
<input type="hidden" id="it"
value="Information Technology">
<button onclick="disp_hidden_Text()">
Submit
</button>
<p id="demo" style="color:green;font-size:35px;"></p>
<script>
function disp_hidden_Text()
{
var x = document.getElementById("it").value;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

3.8 Intrinsic javascript functions

64
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

The HTML <input> src Attribute is used to specify the URL of the image to be used as a
submit Button. This attribute is not used with <input type=”image”>

Syntax:
<input src="URL">
Attribute Values: It contains a single value URL which specifies the link of source image.
There are two types of URL link which are listed below:
• Absolute URL: It points to another webpage.
• Relative URL: It points to other files of the same web page.

Code: Following example we have used one <img> tag to simulate the functionality of
submit button. Before writing the code make sure one “submit.jpg” picture should save
in your folder.

<html>
<body>
<h1>The input src attribute</h1>

<form action=" ">

<label for="fname">Institute Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name"><br><br>
<input type="image" src="submit.jpg" alt="Submit" width="130" height="48"
onclick="myFunction()">
</form>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var x = document.getElementById("name").value;
document.write("You Submitted:<h2>" +x +"</h2>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

65
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

Disabling Elements:

It is common to display a form with some elements disabled, which prevents the user
from entering information into the element.

Code: Following example shows to enable and disable text field.

<html>
<body>
Name: <input type="text" id="myText">
<p>Click the button to enable/disable the text field.</p>
<button onclick="myFunction()">
change status
</button>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
var txt=document.getElementById("myText")
if ('disabled' in txt)
{
txt.disabled=!txt.disabled;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

66
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

OR

<html>
<body>

First Name: <input type="text" id="myText"><br>

<br>
<button onclick="disableTxt()">Disable Text field</button>
<button onclick="undisableTxt()">Undisable Text field</button>

<script>
function disableTxt()
{
document.getElementById("myText").disabled = true;
}

function undisableTxt()
{
document.getElementById("myText").disabled = false;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Output:

Read only elements:

67
 Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

The readOnly property sets or returns whether a text field is read-only, or not.
A read-only field cannot be modified. However, a user can tab to it, highlight it, and copy
the text from it.
Set a text field to read-only:
document.getElementById("myText").readOnly = true;

Syntax:
To return the readOnly property: textObject.readOnly
To Set the readOnly property: textObject.readOnly = true|false

Code: Following example illustrate the use of read only property.

When user clicks on “Click here” button, text box is disabled.
<html>
<body>

Name: <input type="text" id="myText" value="VP">

<p>Click the button to set the text field to read-only.</p>

<p><strong>Tip:</strong> To see the effect, try to type something in the text field
before and after clicking the button.</p>

<button onclick="myFunction()">Click here </button>

<script>
function myFunction()
{
document.getElementById("myText").readOnly = true;
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

Output:

68
Client-Side Scripting (Semester V)

69