Formulas of Number Systems :

⇒ Sum of the first ‘n’ natural numbers i.e. 1 ₊ 2 ₊ 3 ₊ 4 ₊ 5 ₊ .. ₊ n ₌ n (n ₊ 1) / 2.

⇒ Sum of the squares of the first ‘n’ natural numbers i.e. 1² ₊ 2² ₊ 3² ₊ 4² ₊ …. ₊ n² ₌ n (n ₊ 1) (2n ₊
1) / 6.

⇒ Sum of the cubes of first ‘n’ natural numbers i.e. 1³ ₊ 2³ ₊ 3³ ₊ … ₊ n³ ₌ {n (n ₊ 1) / 2}².

⇒ Sum of first ‘n’ odd numbers ₌ n².

⇒ Sum of first ‘n’ even numbers ₌ n (n ₊ 1).

Mathematical Formulas:

⇒ (a – b)² ₌ (a² ₊ b² – 2ab)

⇒ (a ₊ b)² ₌ (a² ₊ b² ₊ 2ab)

⇒ (a ₊ b) (a – b) ₌ (a² – b²)

⇒ (a ₊ b)² ₌ (a² ₊ b² ₊ 2ab)

⇒ (a ₊ b ₊ c)² ₌ a² ₊ b² ₊ c² ₊ 2 (ab ₊ bc ₊ ca)

⇒ (a³ – b³) ₌ (a – b) (a² ₊ ab ₊ b²)

⇒ (a³ ₊ b³) ₌ (a ₊ b) (a² – ab ₊ b²)

⇒ (a³ ₊ b³ ₊ c³ – 3abc) ₌ (a ₊ b ₊ c) (a² ₊ b² ₊ c² – ab – bc – ac)

⇒ When a ₊ b ₊ c ₌ 0, then a³ ₊ b³ ₊ c³ ₌ 3abc

Formulas of Profit, Loss, and Discount:

⇒ Profit / Gain ₌ Selling Price (SP) - Cost Price (CP).

⇒ Profit Percentage (%) ₌ (Profit / Cost Price (CP) x 100)

⇒ Selling Price (SP) ₌ (100 ₊ Profit Percentage / 100) x Cost Price.

⇒ Cost Price ₌ 100 / (100 ₊ Profit Percentage) x Selling Price.

⇒ Loss ₌ Cost Price (CP) - Selling Price (SP).

⇒ Loss Percentage (%) ₌ (Loss / Cost Price x 100).

⇒ Selling Price ₌ (100 - Loss Percentage / 100) x Cost Price

⇒ Cost Price ₌ 100 / (100 - Loss Percentage) x Selling Price.

Formulas of Speed, Time and Distance :

⇒ Speed ₌ Distance / Time

⇒ Time ₌ Distance / Speed.

⇒ Distance ₌ Speed x Time.

1km/hr = 5/18 m/s

1m/s= 18/5 km/hr

Formulas of Percentage:

⇒ Percentage Increased ₌ (Increased / Original Value x 100) %

⇒ Percentage decrease ₌ (decreased / Original Value x 100) %

⇒ If the price of a commodity increases by r%, then the reduction in consumption, so as not to
increase the expenditure is {r / (100 ₊ r) x 100} %.

⇒ If the price of a commodity decreases by r%, then the increase in consumption, so as not to
decrease the expenditure is {r / (100 - r) x 100} %.

Formulas of Time and Work:

⇒ If A can do a piece of work in ‘n’ days, then work done by A in 1 day ₌ 1 / n.

⇒ If A’s 1 day work ₌ 1 / n, then A can finish the whole work in ‘n’ days
⇒ If A is twice as good a workman as B, then

Ratio of work done by A and B ₌ 2 : 1.

Ration of time taken by A and B ₌ 1 : 2.

⇒ If two persons A and B can individually do some work in ‘a’ and ‘b’ days respectively, then A
and B together can complete the same work in (ab / a ₊ b) days.

⇒ If two persons A and B together can complete the same work in ‘a’ days and A (or B) can
individually do some work in ‘b’ days then B (or A) can complete the work in (ab / b - a) days.

Formulas of Averages :

The average of a given number of quantities of the same kind is expressed as

⇒ Average ₌ Sum of Quantities / Number of Quantities.

Average is also called the Arithmetic Mean. Also,

⇒ Sum of quantities ₌ Average x Number of Quantities.

⇒ Number of Quantities ₌ Sum of Quantities / Average.

Formulas of Simple and Compound Interest:

When interest is compounded annually:

⇒ Amount ₌ Principal (1 ₊ R / 100)ⁿ

When interest is compounded half - yearly::

⇒ Amount ₌ Principal (1 ₊ R/2 / 100)²ⁿ

When interest is compounded Quarterly:

⇒ Amount ₌ Principal (1 ₊ R/4 / 100)⁴ⁿ

When interest is compounded annually but time is in fraction, say 3 ⅖ years.:

⇒ Amount ₌ Principal (1 ₊ R / 100)³ x (1 ₊ ⅖ R / 100)

When Rates are different for different years, say R₁ %, R₂ %, R₃ % for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year
respectively:

Then,

⇒ Amount ₌ Principal (1 ₊ R₁ / 100) (1 ₊ R₂ / 100) (1 ₊ R₃ / 100).

Present worth of Rs. 𝑥 due n years hence is given by:

⇒ Present worth ₌ 𝑥 / (1 ₊ R / 100).

Formula of Permutation is:

A permutation is the choice of r things from a set of n things without replacement and where the order
matters.

⇒ nPr = (n!) / (n-r)!

Formula of Combination is:

A combination is the choice of r things from a set of n things without replacement and where order
doesn't matter.

⇒ ɴCᵣ = (n/r) = ɴPᵣ / r! = n! / r! (n - r)!

Formulas of Mensuration:
(1). Triangle:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ a ₊ b ₊ c (sum of all side).

⇒ Area ₌ ½ x Base x Height ₌ ½ b x h (if base and height are given).

(a). Scalene Triangle:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ a ₊ b ₊ c (sum of all side).

⇒ Area ₌ √s (s - a) (s - b) (s - c)
Where, s ₌ a ₊ b ₊ c / 2.

(b). Isosceles Triangle:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ a ₊ a ₊ b.

⇒ Area ₌ √s (s - a) (s - b) (s - c) or ½ x b x h

where , h ₌ √a ² - (b / 2) ²

a ₌ Equal side

b ₌ Unequal side

(c). Equilateral Triangle:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ a ₊ a ₊ a ₌ 3a.

⇒ Area ₌ √3/4 a ²

a ₌ Side

h ₌ √3 / 2 a.

(d). Right angled Triangle:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ a ₊ b ₊ c

⇒ Area ₌ ½ x base x height ₌ ½ x b x a.

(2). Quadrilateral:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ AB ₊ BC ₊ CD ₊ AD

⇒ Area ₌ ½ x d (h₁ ₊ h₂).

(3). Trapezium:
⇒ Perimeter ₌ a ₊ b ₊ c ₊ d

⇒ Area ₌ ½ x (sum of parallel side) x (Distance between parallel sides) ₌ ½ x (a ₊ b) x h.

(4). Parallelogram:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ a ₊ b ₊ a ₊ b ₌ 2 (a ₊ b).

⇒ Area ₌ Base x Height or 2 (Area of one Triangle) ₌ 2 x √s (s - a) (s - b) (s - c).

(5). Rectangle:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ 2 (a ₊ b).

⇒ Area ₌ Length x Breadth ₌ L x B.

(6). Rhombus:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ 4a

⇒ Area ₌ ½ x d₁ x d₂

d₁ and d₂ ₌ Diagonals.

(7). Square:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ 4a

⇒ Area ₌ a ²

(8). Circle:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ 2ᴫ𝑟

⇒ Area ₌ ᴫ𝑟 ²

(9). Semi - Circle:

⇒ Perimeter ₌ ᴫ𝑟 ₊ 2𝑟

⇒ Area ₌ ½ ᴫ𝑟 ²

(10). Cuboid:

⇒ Curved / Lateral Surface Area (C) ₌ 2 (LH ₊ BH)

⇒ Total Surface Area (S) ₌ 2 (LB ₊ BH ₊ HL)

⇒ Base (B) ₌ LB

⇒ Volume ₌ L x B x H

(11). Cube:

⇒ Curved / Lateral Surface Area (C) ₌ 4 a ²

⇒ Total Surface Area (S) ₌ 6 a ²

⇒ Base (B) ₌ a ²

⇒ Volume ₌ a ³

(12). Right Prism:

⇒ Curved / Lateral Surface Area (C) ₌ Height of Prism x Perimeter of Base.

⇒ Total Surface Area (S) ₌ C x 2 B

⇒ Base (B) ₌ Depends on the shapes of bases

⇒ Volume ₌ Base area x Height.

(13). Cylinder:

⇒ Curved / Lateral Surface Area (C) ₌ 2ᴫ𝑟h

⇒ Total Surface Area (S) ₌ 2ᴫ𝑟 (r ₊ h)

⇒ Base (B) ₌ ᴫ𝑟 ²

⇒ Volume ₌ ᴫ𝑟 ² h.

(14). Cone:

⇒ Curved / Lateral Surface Area (C) ₌ ᴫ𝑟l where, l ₌ √ (h ² ₊ 𝑟 ²)

⇒ Total Surface Area (S) ₌ ᴫ𝑟 (r ₊ l)

⇒ Base (B) ₌ ᴫ𝑟 ²

⇒ Volume ₌ ⅓ ᴫ𝑟 ² h.

Sphere:

⇒ Curved / Lateral Surface Area (C) ₌ 4 ᴫ𝑟 ²

⇒ Total Surface Area (S) ₌ 4 ᴫ𝑟 ²

⇒ Volume ₌ 4/3 ᴫ𝑟 ³

(17). Hemisphere:

⇒ Curved / Lateral Surface Area (C) ₌ 2 ᴫ𝑟 ²

⇒ Total Surface Area (S) ₌ 3 ᴫ𝑟 ²

⇒ Base (B) ₌ ᴫ𝑟 ²

⇒ Volume ₌ ⅔ ᴫ𝑟 ³
Fraction-Percentage Equivalent:

½= 50%

¼= 25%

1/8= 12.5%

1/16= 6.25%

1/3= 33.33%

1/6= 16.66%

1/12= 8.33%

1/5= 20%

1/10= 10%

1/20= 5%

1/7= 14.28%

1/14= 7.14%

1/9=11.11%

1/18= 5.55%

1/11= 9.09%

1/13= 7.69%

1/15= 6.66%

1/17= 5.88%

1/19= 5.28%

2/3= 66.66%

3/8= 37.5%

Squares (1-30):

1^2= 1
2^2= 4

3^2= 9

4^2=16

5^2= 25

6^2= 36

7^2= 49

8^2=64

9^2=81

10^2=100

11^2=121

12^2=144

13^2=169

14^2=196

15^2=225

16^2=256

17^2=289

18^2=324

19^2=361

20^2=400

21^2=441

22^2=484

23^2=529

24^2=576

25^2=625
26^2=676

27^2=729

28^2=784

29^2=841

30^2=900

Cubes(1-15):

1^3=1

2^3=8

3^3=27

4^3=64

5^3=125

6^3=216

7^3=343

8^3=512

9^3=729

10^3=1000

11^3=1331

12^3=1728

13^3=2197

14^3=2744

15^3=3375