NETWORK

Supporting lecturer : Aini Husnida Wulandari, M.Pd

Prepared by Group 6:

Auliya Salsabila 23MJ051

Dewi Hartika Wati 23MJ054

Fina Sya’ida 23MJ056

MATARAM UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

MANAGEMENT STUDY PROGRAM

2024/2025
 PREFACE

Thank God for the presence of Almighty God who has bestowed grace and
guidance on me so that we can complete this "NETWORK" paper assignment.
This paper was prepared with the aim of increasing and providing knowledge for
all parties. We are aware that the preparation of this paper was not perfect, and
there were many errors. Therefore, we expect criticism and suggestions from all
parties for the perfection of this paper. If there were many errors in the preparation
and writing of this paper, we apologize profusely. Hopefully this paper is useful
and can help all parties.

Mataram 24 June 2024

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 Table of Contents

PREFACE.................................................................................................................i
CHAPTER I.............................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1
1. Background..........................................................................................................1
2 . Formulation of the Problem................................................................................1
CHAPTER II............................................................................................................2
DISCUSSION..........................................................................................................2
A. History About Network.......................................................................................2
B. Definition of Network........................................................................................3
C. Network Objectives.............................................................................................3
D. Type of Network.................................................................................................4
E. Network Functions..............................................................................................5
F. Examples of Networks.........................................................................................5
G. Advantages and Disadvantages Network............................................................7
H. Network Components..........................................................................................8
CHAPTER III........................................................................................................10
CLOSING..............................................................................................................10
A. Conclusion.........................................................................................................10
B. Suggestion.........................................................................................................10
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................11

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. Background

A network is an effort to be able to connect to other computer devices.

What makes every technological device able to connect to each other? This is
due to the existence of network support. The construction of the network
allows users to use their own technological devices, but can exchange
information or data easily. Network development itself also involves many
aspects ranging from the resources used, network types, needs and so on.
Given its important role in supporting smooth operations, the network must be
optimal.

2 . Formulation of the Problem

a. What history of network?

b. What is a network?
c. What is the purpose of the network?
d. What are the types of networks?
e. What are the functions of the network?
f. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the network?
g. What are some examples of networks?

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. History About Network

The history of computer networking begins with the birth of the concept of
computer networking in the 1940s in America which was initiated by a
MODEL I computer development project at the Bell Laboratory and Harvard
University research group led by Professor Howard Aiken . Initially the project
only wanted to utilize a computer device that had to be used together. To carry
out several processes without wasting a lot of free time, a sequential process
( Batch Processing ) was created, so that several programs can be run on a
computer using queue rules.

Then in the 1950s when the type of computer began to develop until the
creation of a supercomputer , then a computer must serve several available
places ( terminals ), for that the concept of process distribution based on time
was discovered which is known as TSS ( Time Sharing System ). So for the
first time the form of a computer network ( network ) was applied. In the TSS
system, several terminals are connected in series to a computer or other device
connected in a computer network ( host ). In the TSS process, the combination
of computer technology and telecommunications technology began to be seen ,
which initially developed independently. The American Department of Defense
, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) decided to
conduct research aimed at connecting a number of computers to form an
organic network in 1969. This research program is known as ARPANET.

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B. Definition of Network

A network is a group of connected computers that can share resources

(such as printers or modems) and data. In its simple definition, a network can
connect each device to connect to each other so that it can send information to
the target.
A network is a network of data communication systems that involves
one or more computer systems connected by communication equipment
transmission lines to form one system. With a network, one computer can use
data on another computer. Can print reports on other computer printers, can
provide news to other computers even in different areas. Networks are a very
useful way to integrate information systems and channel information flows
from one area to another

C. Network Objectives

1. Networking allows more efficient resource management.

For example, many users can share a single high-quality printer, rather
than having a low-quality printer on each work desk. In addition, network
software licenses can be cheaper than separate stand-alone licenses for the
same number of users, and share CPU, memory and hard drive usage.
2. Network help keep information reliable and up-to-date.
A well-managed centralized data storage system allows many users to
access data from different locations, and restricts access to the data while it
is being processed.
3. Network helps speed up the data sharing process.
Data transfer on the network is always faster than other non-network
data sharing facilities.
4. Network allows work groups to communicate more efficiently.
Mail and electronic messaging are the substance of most network
systems, as well as scheduling systems, project monitoring, online.
conferencing and groupware, all of which help teams work
more productively

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 5. Network helps businesses serve their clients more effectively.
Remote access to centralized data allows employees to service clients
in the field and clients to communicate directly with suppliers.

D. Type of Network

Computers are connected to each other by utilizing media that we call the
internet and intranet. There are two types of networking, including:

1. Distributed Network
Distributed network is a type of computer network where all data
processing is carried out by each computer separately. Even so, one
computer can still be connected to another computer via internal or LAN
(local area network).
2. Centralized Network
Meanwhile, centralized IT networking is a computer network
where all data processing is carried out centrally using a special server. In
a centralized network, there is a computer that acts as a host or
central computer.

But there’s are networks based on Transmission Type too. Following are
two types of classification of computer network types based on transmission.

1. Broadcast
A broadcast network is a single communication channel that is used
jointly by several devices connected to the same network. Packages are
small messages sent by one machine to another machine. The address field
contains information about to whom the package will be sent. If the
package is addressed to him, it will be processed immediately. If a packet
is sent to another machine, the machine will automatically ignore it.

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 2. Point-to-Point
The second type is a point-to-point network consisting of several
individual pair connections, from one device to another. To be able to send
a packet to the destination address, it is necessary to pass through several
intermediary machines. So, you often have to go through many routes with
possibly different distances. Therefore, the route algorithm plays a very
important role in this network.

E. Network Functions

1. Resource Sharing: Networking allows users to share resources such as

printers, scanners, and storage together. This can save cost and increase
efficiency
2. Communication: The network becomes a forum for exchanging
information and communicating between users. We can send instant
messages, make video conference calls, and collaborate online easily.
3. Information Access: Networks provide access to various information
stored on servers or other computers. It allows us to browse the internet,
access email, and use various network-based applications.
4. Entertainment: Networks are a means to enjoy entertainment such as
playing online games, streaming movies, and listening to music together

F. Examples of Networks
a. Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Network (LAN) functions as a network that connects
computer devices in a limited geographic area, such as a home, office or
building. LANs enable collaboration of resources, such as printers, files, and
internet connections, between devices located in close proximity.

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b. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) involves a larger area compared to
LAN, such as a city or urban area. Typically owned and operated by service
providers or regional organizations, MANs can connect entities such as
university campuses, companies, or city governments.
c. Wide Area Network (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN) covers a larger area, even covering very large
areas, such as countries or continents. The Internet itself is an example of a
WAN that spans the globe, enabling efficient data exchange and communication
between connected devices in separate locations.
d. Wireless Network
Wireless Networks use wireless technology, such as Wi-Fi, to connect
computer devices without the need for physical cables. Wireless networks are
popularly used in LAN environments such as homes, offices, and public areas
such as cafes, airports, or shopping centers.
e. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
An example of the last network is VPN. This network is connected via an
internet connection, but uses encryption for security and privacy in
communicating and sharing data. Know of a network within a company that is
useful for connecting their offices? Well, that is an example of a VPN.
f. Routers and IP Networking
IP network is a communication protocol used to access the internet. If you
are going to send or receive information from the internet, an IP is required.
Apart from IP, one of the requirements to be able to connect to the internet is a
router in networking. A router is a tool used to direct a computer to an
internet network

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G. Advantages and Disadvantages Network

a. Advantages:
1. The access speed is higher because the provision of network facilities and
their management is carried out specifically by one computer (server) which
is not burdened with other tasks as a workstation.
2. The network security and administration system is better, because there is a
user who serves as a network administrator, who manages the administration
and network security system.
3. The data backup system is better, because on the client-server network the
backup is carried out centrally on the server, which will backs up all data
used in the network
4. Computers in the network can share their facilities such as: hard disks,
drives, fax/modems, printers.
5. Operational costs are relatively cheaper compared to the client-server
network type, one of which is because it does not require a server that has
special capabilities to organize and provide network facilities.

b. Disadvantages:
1. Network troubleshooting is relatively more difficult, because on a peer-to-
peer type network every computer is possible to be involved in existing
communication. In a client-server network, communication is between the
server and the workstation.
2. The network security system is determined by each user by regulating the
security of each facility owned.
3. Because network data is spread across each computer in the network,
backups must be performed by each computer.
4. Operational costs are relatively more expensive.
5. A special computer with more capabilities is needed to be assigned as a
server

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H. Network Components

1. Router
A router is a device that forwards the internet to a client that is
connected to a server. This router directs data traffic between different
networks. At home, the router connects the local network to the internet. In
the office, more advanced routers manage data traffic between different
departments and the internet.
2. Switch
A switch is a computer networking hardware that connects devices in a
local area network (LAN). Switches work by directing data to the intended
device in the network, thereby increasing the efficiency and speed of data
communication.
3. Modem
A modem is a tool for connecting to the internet. A modem converts the
digital signal from the computer into an analog signal that can be transmitted
over a telephone cable or TV cable. In contrast, a modem also converts the
received analog signal into a digital signal that can be processed by a
computer.
4. Access Point
Access points allow wireless devices to connect to wired networks.
This is especially important in environments where mobility and flexibility
are key, such as in offices or public places.
5. Network Cable
In-network cable media is known as "ethernet cable" or "UTP (Unshielded
Twisted Pair) cable". These cables are used to connect network devices to
each other, ensuring fast and stable data transfer.

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6. Network Interface Card (NIC)
A NIC is a computer networking hardware that allows a computer to
connect to a network. Any computer that wants to connect to a network needs
a NIC, whether it's integrated into the motherboard or as an external card.
7. Server
A server is a computer that provides services to other computers on a
network, such as sharing files, hosting websites, or managing email. Servers
have a central role in the management and distribution of resources in the
network.
8. Firewall
A firewall is a device that controls network traffic, protecting the network
from unauthorized access and potential attacks. Firewalls can be either
hardware or software.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion

Networking is one of the important things that must exist in business.

Using a network can help smooth communication, exchange data and increase
productivity. If you use the right type of network, you can experience
maximum benefits.

B. Suggestion

It is hoped that students can know and learn about Microsoft Office and its
use. As a student with a management major who will deal with company
management, it is required to be able to master Microsoft Office applications, both
Ms. Word, Ms. Excel, Ms. Power Point and other Microsoft Office applications

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

toffeedev.com/blog/website/network-adalah/

dcloudhost.com/kamus-hosting/network/

telkomuniversity.ac.id/jaringan-komputer-pengertian-fungsi-jenis-dan-
manfaatnya/#:~:text=Beberapa%20fungsi%20utamanya%20meliputi
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fikom.udb.ac.id/id/artikel/detail/jenis-jenis-jaringan-komputer-beserta-
fungsinya

www.scribd.com/document/432699176/kekurangan-dan-kelebihan-jaringan-
komputer

Peran dan Fungsi Komponen Jaringan Komputer | S1 Teknik Elektro

(telkomuniversity.ac.id)