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Solution Math IGCSE Exercise 8.3

Solution Math IGCSE Exercise 8.3

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Mabtoor Mabx
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145 views3 pages

Solution Math IGCSE Exercise 8.3

Solution Math IGCSE Exercise 8.3

Uploaded by

Mabtoor Mabx
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Solution: Exercise 8.

3 IGCSE Mathematics

Question 1: A standard cubical die is thrown twice.

a) Probability of throwing two sixes: Step 1: Probability of getting a six on one throw = 1/6 Step
2: Probability of getting six on both throws = (1/6) × (1/6) = 1/36

b) Probability of throwing two even numbers: Step 1: Even numbers on a die are 2, 4, and 6 Step
2: Probability of getting an even number on one throw = 3/6 = 1/2 Step 3: Probability of getting
even numbers on both throws = (1/2) × (1/2) = 1/4

c) Probability of throwing the same number twice: Step 1: Probability of any specific number on
first throw = 1/6 Step 2: Probability of getting the same number on second throw = 1/6 Step 3:
This can happen for any of the 6 numbers Step 4: Probability = 6 × (1/6 × 1/6) = 6/36 = 1/6

d) Probability of throwing two different numbers: Step 1: This is the complement of throwing the
same number twice Step 2: Probability = 1 - (probability of same number twice) = 1 - 1/6 = 5/6

Question 2: A bag contains 12 colored balls. Five are red and the rest are blue.

a) List of possible outcomes when drawing two balls with replacement: (Red, Red), (Red, Blue),
(Blue, Red), (Blue, Blue)

b) Probability calculations:

i) Probability that the first ball is blue: Step 1: Number of blue balls = 12 - 5 = 7 Step 2: P(first
ball is blue) = 7/12

ii) Probability that the second ball is red: Step 1: Ball is replaced after first draw, so probabilities
remain the same Step 2: P(second ball is red) = 5/12

iii) Probability that the first ball is blue and the second ball is red: P(blue then red) = P(first blue)
× P(second red) = (7/12) × (5/12) = 35/144

iv) Probability that the two balls are the same color: P(same color) = P(both red) + P(both blue)
= (5/12 × 5/12) + (7/12 × 7/12) = 25/144 + 49/144 = 74/144 = 37/72

v) Probability that the two balls are a different color: P(different color) = 1 - P(same color) = 1 -
37/72 = 35/72

vi) Probability that neither ball is red: P(neither red) = P(both blue) = 7/12 × 7/12 = 49/144

vii) Probability that at least one ball is red: P(at least one red) = 1 - P(neither red) = 1 - 49/144 =
95/144
Question 3: Devin and Tej are playing cards. Devin draws a card, replaces it, and then
shuffles the pack. Tej then draws a card.

For these calculations, we'll assume a standard 52-card deck.

a) Probability that both draw an ace: Step 1: P(Devin draws an ace) = 4/52 = 1/13 Step 2: P(Tej
draws an ace) = 4/52 = 1/13 (deck is reshuffled) Step 3: P(both draw an ace) = 1/13 × 1/13 =
1/169

b) Probability that both draw the King of Hearts: Step 1: P(Devin draws King of Hearts) = 1/52
Step 2: P(Tej draws King of Hearts) = 1/52 Step 3: P(both draw King of Hearts) = 1/52 × 1/52 =
1/2704

c) Probability that Devin draws a spade and Tej draws a queen: Step 1: P(Devin draws a spade) =
13/52 = 1/4 Step 2: P(Tej draws a queen) = 4/52 = 1/13 Step 3: P(Devin spade and Tej queen) =
1/4 × 1/13 = 1/52

d) Probability that exactly one of the cards drawn is a heart: Step 1: P(Devin heart, Tej not heart)
= 13/52 × 39/52 Step 2: P(Devin not heart, Tej heart) = 39/52 × 13/52 Step 3: P(exactly one
heart) = (13/52 × 39/52) + (39/52 × 13/52) = 2 × (13/52 × 39/52) = 507/1352

e) Probability that both cards are red or both cards are black: Step 1: P(both red) = 26/52 × 26/52
= 169/676 Step 2: P(both black) = 26/52 × 26/52 = 169/676 Step 3: P(both red or both black) =
169/676 + 169/676 = 338/676 = 169/338

f) Probability that the cards are different colors: P(different colors) = 1 - P(same color) = 1 -
169/338 = 169/338

Question 4: Kirti and Justin are preparing to take a driving test. The probability that Kirti
passes is 0.6 and the probability that Justin passes is 0.4. The results are independent.

a) Probability that both pass the test: P(both pass) = P(Kirti passes) × P(Justin passes) = 0.6 × 0.4
= 0.24

b) Probability that neither passes the test: P(neither passes) = P(Kirti fails) × P(Justin fails) = (1 -
0.6) × (1 - 0.4) = 0.4 × 0.6 = 0.24

c) Probability that Kirti passes the test, but Justin doesn't pass: P(Kirti passes and Justin fails) =
P(Kirti passes) × P(Justin fails) = 0.6 × (1 - 0.4) = 0.6 × 0.6 = 0.36

d) Probability that at least one of Kirti and Justin passes: Step 1: P(at least one passes) = 1 -
P(neither passes) Step 2: P(at least one passes) = 1 - 0.24 = 0.76
e) Probability that exactly one of Kirti and Justin passes: Step 1: P(Kirti passes and Justin fails) =
0.6 × 0.6 = 0.36 Step 2: P(Kirti fails and Justin passes) = 0.4 × 0.4 = 0.16 Step 3: P(exactly one
passes) = 0.36 + 0.16 = 0.52

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