PHINMA UNIVERISTY OF PANGASINAN

PROFESSIONAL INTEGRATION
HGE – HYDRAULICS 1

Situation (1-3): A vertical rectangular gate 1.5 m

wide and 3 m high is submerged in water with its
bottom edge submerged 2 m below the water surface.
1. Compute the magnitude of the hydrostatic force
acting on one side of the gate.
a. 29 kN c. 33 kN
b. 66 kN d. 58 Kn
2. Find the location of the said force from the top of
the gate.
a. 1 m c. 2.33 m
b. 0.67 m d. 2 m
3. If the top of the gate is flushed with the water
surface, compute the eccentricity.
a. 0.50 m c. 0.38 m
b. 0.13 m d. 0.25 m

4. This law states that “the pressure acting at any

point in a fluid rest is transmitted equally and
undiminished to every other point in the fluid”. This
is also known as the Law of Transmission of Pressure.
a. First Law of Pascal
b. Second Law of Pascal
c. Law of Conservation of Mass
d. None of the above

5. What is the weight of a 45-kg boulder if it is

brought to a pace where the acceleration due to
gravity is 395 m/s per minute?
a. 296.25 N c. 125.55 N
b. 285.65 N d. 335.66 N

6. If the specific volume of a certain gas is 0.7848

𝑚3/𝑘𝑔, what is its specific weight?
a. 12.5 N/m3 c. 10.25 N/m3
b. 15.6 N/m3 d. 8.56 N/m3

7. In the figure shown, determine the pressure

difference between points A and B.
SG of benzene = 0.88
SG of mercury = 13.6
SG of kerosine = 0.82
SG of glycerin = 1.26

a. 5.23 kPa c. 7.522 kPa

b. 5.70 kPa d. 10.53 kPa
8. A glass capillary tube, 2 mm in diameter, is placed
on top of a mercury layer. Calculate the height of the
capillary depression for mercury. The surface tension
of mercury is 0.514 N/m and its angle of contact with
the glass is 130 ̊.
a. 4.95 mm c. 7.65 mm
b. 5.20 mm d. 8.09 mm

Situation (9-10): A triangular gate with a horizontal

base 1.5 m long and an altitude of 2 m is inclined 45 ̊
from the vertical with the vertex pointing upward.
The hinged base of the gate is 3 m below the water
surface.
9. What is the total hydrostatic force on the gate?
a. 9.30 kN c. 37.21 kN
b. 18.61 kN d. 74.42 kN
10. What normal force must be applied to the vertex
of the gate to keep it closed?
a. 5.26 kN c. 9.67 kN
b. 8.11 kN d. 11.25 kN

11. Nitrogen gas at 30°𝐶 is under a pressure of 560

kPa. Assume a gas constant of 296.8 J/kg-K. Calculate
its specific volume.
a. 0.087 𝑚3 c. 0.136 𝑚3
b. 0.125 𝑚3 d. 0.219 𝑚3

Situation (12-16): A cylindrical tank 80 cm in

diameter and 90 cm high is filled with a certain liquid.
The tank and the liquid weighed 420 kg and the
weight of the empty tank is 40 kg. Determine the
following:
12. Mass density
a. 529 kg/m3 c. 840 kg/m3
b. 631 kg/m3 d. 921 kg/m3
13. Specific volume
a. 0.00169 m3/kg c. 0.00177 m3/kg
b. 0.00119 m3/kg d. 0.00152 m3/kg
14. Specific gravity
a. 0.56 c. 1.08
b. 0.84 d. 1.15
15. Specific weight
a. 8.24 kN/m3 c. 5.22 kN/m3
b. 9.55 kN/m3 d. 12.09 kN/m3
16. In the previous question, determine the pressure
at the bottom of the tank.
a. 3.2311 kPa c. 5.225 kPa
b. 4.2037 kPa d. 7.416 kPa

17. What height of oil is equivalent to 760 mm Hg?

a. 11523 mm c. 15522 mm
b. 12920 mm d. 17521 mm

18. Density of water is maximum at

a. 0 °𝐶 c. 100°𝐶
b. 4°𝐶 d. 20°𝐶
19. Property of a fluid by which its own molecules are
attracted is called.
a. adhesion c. viscosity
b. cohesion d. surface tension

20. Specific weight of sea water is more that of pure

water because it contains.
a. dissolved air c. suspended matter
b. dissolved salt d. all of the above

21. Free surface of a liquid tends to contract to the

smallest possible area due to force of
a. surface tension c. friction
b. viscosity d. cohesion

22. Barometer is used to measure

a. pressure in pipes, channels etc
b. atmospheric pressure c. very low pressure
d. difference of pressure bet. two points

23. The point in the immersed body through which

the resultant pressure of the liquid may be taken to
act is known as
a. metacenter c. center of buoyancy
b. center of pressure d. center of gravity

24. Which of the following is the correct relation

between centroid (cg) and the center of pressure (cp)
of a plane submerged in a liquid?
a. cg is always below cp
b. cp is always below cg
c. cg is either at cp or below it
d. cp is either at cg or below it

25. In a vertically submerged plane surface, pressure

at every point remains same.
a. True
b. False

26. Liquid transmit pressure equally in all the

directions. This is according to
a. Boyle’s Law c. Pascal’s Law
b. Archimedes Principle d. Newton’s Formula

27. Can center of pressure for a vertical plane

submerged surface be ever be above center of
gravity?
a. Yes
b. No
c. It can be above in cases where the surface height is
very large.
d. None of the mentioned
28. What is the variation of total pressure with depth
for any submerged surface if we neglect variation in
the density?
a. Linear c. Curvilinear
b. Parabolic d. Logarithmic

29. A liter of water weighs about 9.75 N. Compute its

mass in kilograms.
a. 0.994 kg c. 0.728 kg
b. 0.886 kg d. 0.678 kg

30. A pressure gage 6m above the bottom of the tank

containing a liquid reads 90 kPa. Another gage height
4m reads 103 kPa. Determine the specific weight of
the liquid.
a. 6.5 kN/m3 b. 10.25 kN/m3
c. 5.45 kN/m3 d. 3.46 kN/m3
 PHINMA UNIVERISTY OF PANGASINAN
PROFESSIONAL INTEGRATION
HGE – HYDRAULICS 2

Situation (1-3): For the next three

questions, refer to the figure below. A
tank containing water is held by a
quarter-circular gate with a radius of
5 m. The tank in the figure is 3 m wide.
1. Determine the horizontal
component of the hydrostatic force
acting on the quarter circular gate BC.
a. 956.48 kN c. 1054.32 kN
b. 1508.46 kN d. 1621.91 kN
2. Determine the total hydrostatic force acting on the
quarter circular gate BC.
a. 956.48 kN c. 1054.32 kN
b. 1508.46 kN d. 1621.91 kN
3. Determine the location of the vertical component
of the hydrostatic force from point O.
a. 2.152 m c. 2.562 m
b. 2.313 m d. 2.771 m

4. Where does the buoyant force acts?

a. Centroid of Floating Area
b. Centroid of Submerged Area
c. Center of Gravity of the Body
d. Either B or C

Situation (5-6): A sphere 1.5 m in diameter floats

half submerged in a tank of oil (s=0.8).
5. Compute the weight of the sphere.
a. 7 kN c. 9 kN
b. 8 kN d. 10 kN
6. What is the minimum weight of an anchor weighing
24 kN/m3 will be required to submerged the sphere
completely that will be hanged at the bottom of the
sphere?
a. 11.30 kN c. 9.30 kN
b. 10.30 kN d. 8.30 kN

Situation (7-9): A metal

part is hanging by a thin
cord from a floating wood
block. The wood block has a
specific gravity of 0.3 and
dimensions 10 mm x 50 mm
x 50 mm. The metal part has
a volume of 6600 mm3.
7. What is the buoyant force
on the wood block?
a. 0.257 N c. 0.184 N
b. 0.233 N d. 0.110 N
8. What is the tension in the rope?
a. 0.257 N c. 0.184 N
b. 0.233 N d. 0.110 N

9. Determine the specific weight of the metal part.

a. 25.57 kN/m3 c. 26.53 kN/m3
b. 23.34 kN/m3 d. 17.91 kN/m3

Situation (10-11): A 5000 kg iceberg floats in

seawater. If the density of the iceberg is 890 kg/m3
and the density of seawater is 1030 kg/m3:
10. What is the volume of the ice above the surface?
a. 0.526 m3 c. 0.764 m3
b. 0.438 m3 d. 0.663 m3
11. What vertical force will fully submerge the
iceberg?
a. 8.152 kN c. 9.262 kN
b. 7.716 kN d. 10.738 kN

12. Archimedes’ principle states that “A body

completely or partially submerged in a static fluid is
buoyed up by a vertical upward force imposed by the
fluid on the body. The said vertical upward force has
a magnitude equal to the volume of the fluid
displaced by the body. And this vertical upward force
is called buoyant force.” The statement above is?
a. Always True c. Always False
b. Sometimes True d. Sometimes False

Situation (13-14): The

semicircular plate shown is 4
m long and acts as a gate in a
channel.
13. Determine the horizontal
component of the resultant
force the water pressure exerts
on the plate.
a. 176.58 kN c. 706.32 kN
b. 1412.64 kN d. 353.16 kN
14. Determine the direction of the resultant force
with the horizontal.
a. 46° c. 52°
b. 57° d. 38°

15. Choose the wrong statement.

a. The horizontal component of the hydrostatic force
on any surface is equal to the normal force on the
vertical projection of the surface.
b. The horizontal component acts through the center
of pressure for the vertical projection.
c. The vertical component of the hydrostatic force on
any surface is equal to the weight of the volume of the
liquid above the area.
d. The vertical component passes through the center
of pressure of the volume.
16. The resultant upward pressure of the fluid on an
immersed body is called.
a. upthrust
b. buoyant force
c. center of pressure
d. all of the above

17. What is the principal cause of action of buoyant

force on a body submerged partially or fully in fluid?
a. Displacement of fluid due to submerged body
b. Development of force due to dynamic action.
c. Internal shear forces mitigating external forces.
d. None of the above.

18. The center of gravity of the volume of the liquid

displaced by an immersed body is called.
a. metacenter
b. center of pressure
c. center of buoyancy
d. center of gravity

19. The horizontal component of buoyant force is.

a. negligible
b. same as buoyant force
c. zero
d. none of the above

20. How can relatively denser object be made to float

on the less dense fluid?
a. by altering the shape
b. by altering the forces acting on the object
c. by altering the shear forces acting on the object
d. none of the above

Situation (21-22): A block of wood floats in water

with 5 cm projecting above the water surface. When
placed in glycerine of specific gravity of 1.35, the
block projects 7.5 cm above the liquid.
21. Determine the total length of wood
a. 14.64 cm c. 17.22 cm
b. 15.76 cm d. 20.21 cm
22. Determine its specific gravity
a. 0.31 c. 0.45
b. 0.66 d. 0.57

23. A body having a sg of 0.7 floats on a liquid of sg

0.8. the volume of the body above the liquid surface
is what percent of its total volume?
a. 12.5% c. 50%
b. 87.5% d. 75%
24. The resultant upward pressure of a fluid on a
floating body is equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced. This definition is according to?
a. Equilibrium of floating body
b. Archimedes’ Principle
c. Bernoulli’s theorem
d. Metacentric height

25. A component of total hydrostatic force which is

the rectangular projection of the curved surface on
the vertical.
a. Horizontal Force
b. Vertical Force
c. Resultant Force
d. None of the above