Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium
Introduction:
1. Some reversible and irreversible reactions from our daily life and surroundings
are:
condensation, evaporation, freezing & melting as reversible reactions,
combustion & rusting as irreversible reactions.
2. The reversible chemical reactions never goes to completion.
3. This happens because product reacts and reproduce reactants again and this
takes place in a forward and reverse direction.
4. State in which forward reaction rate and reverse reaction rate are equal is known
as equilibrium.
pg#5
1.2:Law of Mass Action and Derivation of Equation for
Equilibrium Constant:
Law of Mass Action:
1. Rate at which a substance reacts is directly proportional to its active mass.
2. Rate of reaction is directly proportional to product of reacting masses of the
reacting substances.
3. Ratio of the reactant concentration and product concentration is constant
during chemical equilibrium.
Derivation (on a hypothetical reversible reaction):
1. aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD [reversible reaction equation]
2. Rate of Forward Reaction:
Assume;
A and B are reactants,
a and b are no. of moles balancing the chemical reaction.
Rf ∝ [A]a[B]b
Rf = kf [A]a[B]b [kf is the constant for forward reaction]
3. Rate of Reverse Reaction:
Assume;
Rate of Reverse reaction is directly proportional to the product of molar
concentrations of C and D.
c and d are no. of moles balancing the chemical reaction.
Rr ∝ [C]c[D]d
Rr = kr [C]c[D]d [ kr is the constant for reverse reaction]
4. Reaction at equilibrium, then:
Rf = Rr
kf [A]a[B]b = kr [C]c[D]d
5. Separating constants and variables:
kf/kr = [C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b
OR kc = [C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b
OR kc = kf/kr
6. Hence, kc = [Product]/[Reactant] [Here, kc is equilibrium constant]