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Multi Quadrant Dynamics

Solid state drives

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9 views5 pages

Multi Quadrant Dynamics

Solid state drives

Uploaded by

madhankumar10104
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rohini College of Engineering and Technology

1.4 Multi quadrant Dynamics:

For consideration of multi quadrant operation of drives, it is useful to


establish suitable conventions about the signs of torque and speed.

A motor operates in two modes – Motoring and braking. In motoring, it converts


electrical energy into mechanical energy, which supports its motion .In braking it
works as a generator converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and thus
opposes the motion.

Now consider equilibrium point B which is obtained when the same motor
drives another load as shown in the figure. A decrease in speed causes the load torque
to become greater than the motor torque, electric drive decelerates and operating point
moves away from point B.

Similarly when working at point B and increase in speed will make motor
torque greater than the load torque, which will move the operating point away from
point B

Similarly operation in quadrant III and IV can be identified as reverse


motoring and reverse braking since speed in these quadrants is negative.

For better understanding of the above notations, let us consider operation


of hoist in four quadrants as shown in the figure. Direction of motor and load
torques and direction of speed are marked by arrows.

EE 8601- Solid State Drives


Rohini College of Engineering and Technology

The figure b e l o w represents a DC motor attached to an inertial load. Motor can


provide motoring and braking operations for both forward and reverse directions.

Figure shows the torque and speed co-ordinates for both forward and reverse
motions. Power developed by a motor is given by the product of speed and torque.
For motoring operations Power developed is positive and for braking operations
power developed is negative.

Figure 1.4.1 Four quadrant operation of drives


(Source:”Fundamentals of Electrical Drives” by G.K.Dubey,page-12)

For better understanding of the above notations, let us consider operation


of hoist in four quadrants as shown in the figure. Direction of motor and load
torques and direction of speed are marked by arrows.

EE 8601- Solid State Drives


Rohini College of Engineering and Technology

Figure 1.4.2 Operation of hoist in four quadrants


(Source:”Fundamentals of Electrical Drives” by G.K.Dubey,page-13)

A hoist consists of a rope wound on a drum coupled to the motor shaft one end of
the rope is tied to a cage which is used to transport man or material from one level to
another level . Other end of the rope has a counter weight. Weight of the counter weight
is chosen to be higher than the weight of empty cage but lower than of a fully loaded
cage.

EE 8601- Solid State Drives


Rohini College of Engineering and Technology

Forward direction of motor speed will be one which gives upward motion of the
cage. Load torque line in quadrants I and IV represents speed-torque characteristics
of the loaded hoist. This torque is the difference of torques due to loaded hoist and
counter weight. The load torque in quadrants II and III is the speed-torque
characteristics for an empty hoist.

This torque is the difference of torques due to counter weight and the empty
hoist. Its sigh is negative because the counter weight is always higher than that of an
empty cage. The quadrant I operation of a hoist requires movement of cage upward,
which corresponds to the positive motor speed which is in counter clockwise direction
here. This motion will be obtained if the motor products positive torque in CCW
direction equal to the magnitude of load torque TL1.

Since developed power is positive, this is forward motoring operation.


Quadrant IV is obtained when a loaded cage is lowered. Since the weight of the loaded
cage is higher than that of the counter weight
.It is able to overcome due to gravity itself.

In order to limit the cage within a safe value, motor must produce a positive
torque T equal to T L2 in anticlockwise direction. As both power and speed are
negative, drive is operating in reverse braking operation. Operation in quadrant II is
obtained when an empty cage is moved up. Since a counter weigh is heavier than an
empty cage, its able to pull it up.

In order to limit the speed within a safe value, motor must produce a braking
torque equal to T L2 in clockwise direction. Since speed is positive and developed
power is negative, it’s forward braking operation.
EE 8601- Solid State Drives
Rohini College of Engineering and Technology

Operation in quadrant III is obtained when an empty cage is lowered. Since an


empty cage has a lesser weight than a counter weight, the motor should produce a
torque in CW direction. Since speed is negative and developed power is positive, this
is reverse motoring operation. During transient condition, electrical motor can be
assumed to be in electrical equilibrium implying that steady state speed torque
curves are also applicable to the transient state operation.

EE 8601- Solid State Drives

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